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P X H $ ( % Q : n O \ # ! V ) * # F p % h d = g t - 2 T } w X 8 ,
( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
groups= old % 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%s -> %s (unbackup)
%s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has unknown file type %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: expected a numeric value %s: file has negative size %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: input contains a loop: %s: input file is output file %s: invalid PID %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: multiple signals specified %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: read error %s: removed %s: removing %s: replace %s? %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' (C) , load average: %.2f ???
Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Broken pipe Bus error COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Child exited Continued Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David MacKenzie EXIT Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
FAILED File size limit exceeded Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Hangup Idle Illegal instruction In real life: Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid character class name Invalid content of \{\} Invalid regular expression Killed LINE Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Power failure Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Quit Real-time signal %d Regular expression too big Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Request canceled Request not canceled Richard M. Stallman Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Simon Josefsson Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Try `%s --help' for more information.
Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Valid arguments are: Virtual timer expired Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file both files cannot be standard input cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change permissions of %s cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot determine hostname cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot open %s for reading cannot perform formatted output cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot read realtime clock cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot skip past end of combined input cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing ownership of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file clock change close failed closing %s (fd=%d) closing output file %s closing standard input couldn't get boot time directory division by zero error closing file error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra operand %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to get attributes of %s failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to return to initial working directory field number is zero fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s incorrect password input disappeared invalid argument %s for %s invalid byte or field list invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid group invalid input invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid user invalid wrap size: %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multiple -l or -t options specified neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no files remaining no type may be specified when dumping strings not a tty number of bytes number of lines only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one type of list may be specified open failed ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed regular empty file regular file run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link tab size cannot be 0 tab sizes must be ascending term= the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options to print and set the time may not be used together the untransformed string was %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix total unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unknown stream unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not overwrite just-created %s with %s write error write failed you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-09 17:40+0900
Last-Translator: Yasuaki Taniguchi
Language-Team: Japanese
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
( 式 ) 式 は真
! 式 式 は偽
式1 -a 式2 式1 と 式2 の両方が真
式1 -o 式2 式1 または 式2 のどちらかが真
-a, --all -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u と同じ
-b, --boot 最後にシステムが起動した時刻
-d, --dead 終了したプロセスを表示
-H, --heading ヘッダ行を表示
-b FILE FILE が存在し, 且つブロックデバイスである
-c FILE FILE が存在し, 且つキャラクタデバイスである
-d FILE FILE が存在し, 且つディレクトリである
-e FILE FILE が存在する
-l 指定されたユーザに対して長形式で出力
-b 長形式でユーザのホームディレクトリとシェルを省略
-h 長形式でユーザのプロジェクトファイルを省略
-p 長形式でユーザのプランファイルを省略
-s 短形式で出力 (標準)
ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の掛け算
ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 の ARG2 による割り算
ARG1 % ARG2 ARG1 の ARG2 による割り算のあまり
ARG1 + ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の足し算
ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の引き算
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より小さい
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より小さいか等しい
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 と等しい
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 と等しくない
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より大きいか等しい
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より大きい
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 と FILE2 が同じデバイスで inode も等しい
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 が FILE2 より (更新された時刻が) 新しい
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 が FILE2 より古い
行数 指定行の直前まで(その行は含まれない)を書き込む
/正規表現/[オフセット] 一致する行の直前までを書き込む
%%正規表現%%[オフセット] 一致する行の直前までをスキップ
{整数値} 直前のパターンを指定した数だけ繰り返す
{*} 直前のパターンを可能なだけ繰り返す
オフセットの指定には `+' または `-' に正の整数値を続けて指定します.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 に等しい
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 以上
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 より大きい
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 以下
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 未満
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 に等しくない
STRING : REGEXP STRING における正規表現 REGEXP によるパターン照合
match STRING REGEXP STRING : REGEXP と同じ
substr STRING POS LENGTH STRING の部分文字列を返す, POS は 1から始まる
index STRING CHARS STRING から CHARS が見つかった場所を返す.
見つからなければ 0
length STRING STRING の長さ
軽い `finger' プログラム; ユーザ情報を表示.
utmp ファイルは %s.
- だけを指定した場合は -i を指定したことになります. コマンドが指定されなければ, 最終的な環境変数を表示します.
- だけを指定した場合は -l を指定したことになります. USER が指定されなければ, root が指定されたことになります.
特別な場合として、cp は -f と -b オプションが与えられ、SOURCE と DEST が
同一ファイルである時は、SOURCE のバックアップを作成する。
多くの演算子はシェルに渡すためにエスケープするか引用符で囲む必要があります.
比較は ARG がいずれも数値であれば大きさにより, それ以外の場合には辞書順に
より行われます. パターン照合は, \( と \) の間, もしくはヌル文字に一致した
文字列を返します. \( と \) を使わない場合は一致する文字数か 0 を返します.
オプションの指定が無ければ, プログラムは -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn, -hn,
-bt, -fn として動作します. CC 値は 論理ページの区切り記号を指定するための
2 つの文字です. 2つめの文字が指定されない場合には, 暗黙に : が指定されます.
`\\' を 指定したければ, `\\' を使うようにしてください.
STYLE は, 以下のうちの 1 つを指定します.
組合せ設定:
* [-]LCASE [-]lcase と同じ
cbreak -icanon と同じ
-cbreak icanon と同じ
制御設定:
[-]clocal モデム制御信号を無効に
[-]cread 受け取る入力を許可
* [-]crtscts RTS/CTS ハンドシェイクを有効に
csN 文字の大きさを N ビットに設定, N の範囲は [5..8]
例:
%s /usr/bin/sort 出力 "sort"。
%s include/stdio.h .h 出力 "stdio"。
標準入力とつながった端末を制御します. 引数がなければ,
ボーレート, 回線制御規則および stty sane からのずれを表示します.
設定の際には, CHAR は文字通りに扱われるか, ^c, 0x37, 0177 または 127 のように
コード化されます. 特別な値 ^- または undef は特殊文字を無効にするのに
使われます.
ファイルが指定されない場合は, %s を使用.
ファイルとして %s が指定されると, これまでの累積データを表示.
引数1 引数2 が指定されると, -m が仮定: 通常は `am i' または `mom likes'.
ファイルを指定したときは、ファイルタイプや拡張子毎にどの色を使うかについて、
そのファイルを読んで決定します。それ以外の時は予めコンパイルされたデータ
ベースが使われます。こういったファイルのフォーマットの詳細が知りたければ、
`dircolors --print-database' を実行してください。
もしコマンドが指定されなければ, ``${SHELL} -i'' を実行 (標準: /bin/sh).
入力設定:
[-]brkint ブレイクで割り込みシグナルを発生
[-]icrnl 復帰 (CR) を改行 (LF) に翻訳
[-]ignbrk ブレイク文字を無視
[-]igncr 復帰 (CR) を無視
ライセンス GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
ローカル設定:
[-]crterase backspace-space-backspace として削除文字をエコー
* crtkill echoprt と echoe の設定にしたがって全ての行を削除
* -crtkill echoctl と echok の設定にしたがって全ての行を削除
「設定」の前に - を付けると, 否定を表わします. 以下の * (アスタリスク) 記号
は非 POSIX 設定であることを示しています. 使っているシステムによって,
どの設定が有効なのかが決まります.
出力設定:
* bsN バックスペースの遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* crN 復帰 (CR) 遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..3]
* ffN 用紙送り遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* nlN 改行 (LF) 遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
式の値を標準出力に表示. 以下の一覧では, 式を評価する際の優先順位ごとに
空行で区分けしています. 式として使えるのは:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 がヌルでも 0 でもなければ ARG1 を返し,
それ以外の場合は ARG2 を返す
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1, ARG2 ともにヌルでも 0 でもなければ ARG1 を返し,
それ以外の場合は 0 を返す
ファイルが - ならば標準入力を読み込みます. 各々のパターンは:
バグを発見したら <%s> に報告して下さい。
翻訳に関するバグはに報告してください。
SET は文字列によって指定します. 多くの場合その文字自身を表現します.
解釈のされ方は以下の通り:
\NNN 文字の 8 進数表現(1 から 3 個の 8 進数値)
\\ バックスラッシュ
\a ベル
\b バックスペース
\f フォームフィード
\n 改行
\r 復帰
\t 水平タブ
ここでのサイズの指定は数字です. タイプが doux に含まれるなら, サイズに
は,C は sizeof(char) として, S は sizeof(short) として, I は sizeof(int),
または Lは sizeof(long) も指定できます. またタイプが f ならば, さらに
F は sizeof(float) として, D は sizeof(double) として, または
L は sizeof(long double) として指定できます.
特殊文字:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR は入力が読み込まれると, 端末停止シグナルを送信
eof CHAR CHAR はファイル終端を送信 (入力の終了)
eol CHAR CHAR は行末
バックアップ接尾辞は、--suffix や SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX が設定されないと `~' に
なります。バージョン管理方法は --backup オプションや VERSION_CONTROL 環境変数
を通じて選択できます。以下がその際の値です:
データを RFC 3548 で定義された base64 英字にエンコード・デコードします。
デコード時には入力には正式な base64 英字に加えて改行文字が含まれている
場合があります。入力ストリームに他の非英字バイトが含まれていて回復
したい場合は --ignore-garbage を使用してください。
チェックサムは %s に記されている通りに計算されます. 照合の際に入力
するファイルは, このプログラムによって出力された形式でなければなりません.
特にオプションを指定しないで実行した場合には, それぞれのファイル毎に
チェックサム, タイプに関する印(バイナリには `*', テキストには ` '),
及びファイル名を表示します.
`-' で始まる名前のファイルを削除するには、例えば `-foo' というファイルなら
こういうコマンドを使いましょう
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
FILE が指定されない, もしくは FILE が - の場合, 標準入力が読み込まれます.
ファイルの指定がなかったり, - であった場合, 標準入力から読み込みます.
オプションが無い場合はユーザ情報のうち有用なものを表示.
ファイルの明確な表現を標準出力に書き込む. 特に指定がなければ, 8 進数で
表現します. ファイル指定されない, あるいは `-' が指定された場合には,
標準入力を読み込みます.
--help この使い方を表示して終了
--version バージョン情報を表示して終了
-evenp -parenb cs8 と同じ
* [-]lcase xcase iuclc olcuc と同じ
litout -parenb -istrip -opost cs8 と同じ
-litout parenb istrip opost cs7 と同じ
nl -icrnl -onlcr と同じ
-nl icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret と同じ
[-]cstopb 1文字あたり 2ストップビットを使用 (1 の場合は `-' を付ける)
[-]hup 最後のプロセスが tty を閉じたらハングアップシグナルを送る
[-]hupcl [-]hup と同じ
[-]parenb パリティビットを出力し, 入力にパリティビットがあるとする
[-]parodd 奇パリティを設定 (偶は `-')
[-]ignpar パリティエラーのある文字を無視
* [-]imaxbel 発信音を鳴らし, 文字に全入力バッファを吐き出さない
[-]inlcr 改行 (LF) を復帰 (CR) に翻訳
[-]inpck 入力パリティのチェックを可能に
[-]istrip 入力文字の最上位 (第8) ビットを落とす
[-]isig 割り込み (interrupt), 終了 (quit) および中断 (suspend)
特殊文字を使用可能に
[-]noflsh 割り込み (interrupt) と終了 (quit) 特殊文字の後の出力を無効に
* [-]prterase [-]echoprt と同じ
* [-]tostop 端末に書き込もうとするバックグラウンドジョブを停止
* [-]xcase icanon と共に使い, 大文字に対して `\' でエスケープ
cooked brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig と同じ
icanon, eof および eol 文字は標準の値
-cooked raw と同じ
crt echoe echoctl echoke と同じ
dec echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177 kill ^u と同じ
* [-]decctlq [-]ixany と同じ
ek erase と kill 文字を標準の値に
evenp parenb -parodd cs7 と同じ
ispeed N 入力速度を N に設定
* line N 回線制御規則 N を使用
min N -icanon と共に使い, 完全な読込みに対して最低 N 文字を設定
ospeed N 出力速度を N に設定
oddp parenb parodd cs7 と同じ
-oddp -parenb cs8 と同じ
[-]parity [-]evenp と同じ
pass8 -parenb -istrip cs8 と同じ
-pass8 parenb istrip cs7 と同じ
raw -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0 と同じ
-raw cooked と同じ
stop CHAR CHAR 出力を停止
susp CHAR CHAR は端末停止シグナルを送信
* swtch CHAR CHAR は別のシェル層に切り替え
* werase CHAR CHAR は最後にタイプされた単語を削除
%h %b と同じ
%H 時 (00〜23)
%I 時 (01〜12)
%j 年日付 (001〜366)
%k 時 ( 0〜23)
%l 時 ( 1〜12)
%m 月 (01〜12)
%M 分 (00〜59)
+ TOKEN TOKEN が `match' のようなキーワードや `/' の
ような演算子であって文字列として解釈.
( 式 ) 式の値
-A, --address-radix=RADIX ファイルオフセットの表示形式を指定
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES ファイルの先頭より BYTES 分スキップ
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
ヘッダの日付の形式として FORMAT を用いる
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
入力された CHAR を幅 WIDTH の空白に拡げる
CHAR, WIDTH の指定がなければ CHAR は TAB,
WIDTH は 8 に変更
-F, -f, --form-feed
改ページの際に改行ではなく, 改ページコードを使用
(-f と共に 3行分, -f を指定しない場合 5行分のヘッダを出力)
-M, --macro-name=STRING `xx' の代わりに使うマクロ名を指定
-O, --format=roff roff 命令で出力を生成
-R, --right-side-refs 参照文を右に. ただし -w の勘定には入らない
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP 行末または文末を表現する正規表現を指定
-T, --format=tex TeX 命令で出力を生成
-T, -w, --mesg ユーザのメッセージ状態を +, - または ? で追記
-u, --users ログイン中のユーザを一覧
--message -T と同じ
--writable -T と同じ
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP キーワードに対して REGEXP で一致を調べる
-b, --break-file=FILE この FILE 中から単語を分割する文字を取得
-f, --ignore-case 小文字を大文字に変えて並び替え
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER 出力のフィールド間の列中の隙間の大きさ
-i, --ignore-file=FILE FILE から無視する単語一覧を読み込む
-o, --only-file=FILE この FILE から単語一覧のみを読み込む
-a, --across 各行を段組の横方向へ順に出力
-COLUMN オプションと共に使用
-c, --show-control-chars
コントロールキャラクタにハットをつけ(例 ^G), その他の
印字不能な文字にはバックスラッシュと 8 進数で表示
-d, --double-space
行間に空行を挿入
-b, --before 区切り文字列をレコードの前ではなく後ろに
-r, --regex 区切り文字列を正規表現として解釈
-s, --separator=STRING 改行文字の代わりに STRING を区切り文字列に
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE 本文の行番号を STYLE の形式に
-d, --section-delimiter=CC 論理ページの区切り記号に CC を利用
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE フッタの行番号を STYLE の形式に
-b, --bytes カラム数ではなくバイト数でカウント
-s, --spaces 空白の位置で折り返す
-w, --width=WIDTH 80 の代わりに 1 行の幅を指定
-c, --count 入力中に続けて出現した行の回数を表示
-d, --repeated 重複した行のみを出力
-d, --delimiters=LIST タブ文字の代わりに, LIST の文字を区切りとして使用
-s, --serial 一行毎ではなく, 一度に 1 つのファイルを貼付ける
-f 短形式でヘッダ行を省略
-w 短形式でユーザのフルネームを省略する
-i 短形式でユーザのフルネームとログイン元を省略
-q 短形式でユーザのフルネーム, ログイン元および待機時間を省略
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
ファイルが大きくなるたびに追加されたデータを出力
-f, --follow および --follow=descriptor は同じ
-F --follow=name --retry と同じ
-l 詳細リスト形式を表示する
-L, --dereference シンボリックリンクのファイル情報を表示するときは
リンクそのものではなくリンク参照先のファイル
情報を表示する
-m 項目のリストをカンマで区切り、一行に詰め込む
-n, --digits=DIGITS 2 の代わりに指定された数字を使う
-s, --quiet, --silent 出力ファイルの大きさを表示しない
-z, --elide-empty-files 空の出力ファイルを削除
-q, --count ログイン中のユーザのログイン名とユーザ数
-r, --runlevel 現在のランレベルを表示
-s, --short 名前, 行および時間のみを表示 (標準)
-t, --time 最後にシステムの時刻が変更された時刻を表示
-q, --hide-control-chars 表示不可能な文字を ? に置き換える
--show-control-chars 表示不可能な文字をそのまま表示 (プログラムが
`ls' でなかったり出力が端末でない場合の初期状態)
-Q, --quote-name ファイル名をダブルクォート(")で囲む
--quoting-style=WORD 項目名のクォートに WORD 文字を使う:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent ファイルごとのヘッダの出力を行わない
-v, --verbose ファイルごとにヘッダを出力
-r, --references 各行の第1フィールドを参照文と見なす
-t, --typeset-mode - 未実装 -
-w, --width=NUMBER 列の出力幅を指定. 参照文を除いて数える
-s, --only-delimited 区切り文字を含まない行を出力させない
--output-delimiter=STRING 出力の区切り文字として STRING を使用
デフォルトでは入力の区切り文字を使用
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL 送信されるシグナルの名前または番号
-l, --list シグナル名および番号の一覧
-t, --table シグナル情報の一覧表を表示
-t -vTと同じ
-T, --show-tabs TAB文字を`^I'で表示
-u (無視)
-v, --show-nonprinting 非表示文字と`^'や`^'を付けて表示 (LFDとTABは除く)
-t, --tabs=リスト コンマ(,)で区切られたリストにタブストップを設定
-u, --update SOURCE ファイルがコピー先ファイルより新しいか
存在しない時だけコピーする
-v, --verbose 実行されたことを説明する
-x, --one-file-system このファイルシステムだけで実行する
-w, --check-chars=N 行中, N 文字以上を比較しない
-z, --zero-terminated 文字列の最後に改行でなくヌル文字を付加
[:graph:] 全ての表示可能文字, 空白は含まない
[:lower:] 全ての小文字アルファベット
[:print:] 全ての表示可能文字, 空白も含む
[:punct:] 全ての句読点
[:space:] 全ての水平及び垂直タブ文字
[:upper:] 全ての大文字アルファベット
[:xdigit:] 全ての 16 進数数値
[=CHAR=] 全ての CHAR と等価な文字. 等価クラス
\v 垂直タブ
CHAR1-CHAR2 CHAR1 から CHAR2 までを昇順に展開した文字列
[CHAR1-CHAR2] SET1 と SET2 の両方で指定した場合には CHAR1-CHAR2 と同じ
[CHAR*] SET2 として, CHAR を SET1 の長さ分展開した文字列
[CHAR*REPEAT] CHAR を REPEAT 個展開した文字列, REPEAT の値を 0 から
始めた場合には, 8 進数として解釈
[:alnum:] 全てのアルファベットと数字
[:alpha:] 全てのアルファベット
[:blank:] 全ての水平方向空白文字
[:cntrl:] 全ての制御文字
[:digit:] 全ての数字
d[サイズ] 符号付き10進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
f[サイズ] 浮動小数点 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
o[サイズ] 8進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
u[サイズ] 符号なし10進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
x[サイズ] 16進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
none, off バックアップを作らない (--backup をつけた時でも)
numbered, t 番号つきバックアップを作成する
existing, nil 番号つきバックアップがあれば番号つき、
そうでなければ、simple で
simple, never 常に簡易バックアップを作成
%4s-ブロック 使用 使用可 使用%% (バックアップ: %s) * [-]ctlecho ハット記号 (`^c') で制御文字をエコー
[-]echo 入力文字をエコー
* [-]echoctl [-]ctlecho と同じ
[-]echoe [-]crterase と同じ
[-]echok 削除文字の後で改行をエコー
* [-]echoke [-]crtkill と同じ
[-]echonl 他の文字をエコーしなくても改行をエコー
* [-]echoprt `\' と '/' の間で, 削除された文字を逆順にエコー
[-]icanon erase, kill, werase および rprnt 特殊文字を使用可能に
[-]iexten 非 POSIX 特殊文字を使用可能に
* [-]iuclc 大文字を小文字に翻訳
* [-]ixany 開始文字だけでなく, 任意の文字で出力を再開
[-]ixoff 開始および停止文字の送信を可能に
[-]ixon XON/XOFF フロー制御を可能に
[-]parmrk パリティーエラーをマーク (255-0 文字のシーケンスで)
[-]tandem [-]ixoff と同じ
* [-]ocrnl 復帰 (CR) を改行 (LF) に翻訳
* [-]ofdel ヌル文字の代わりに埋める文字として削除文字を使用
* [-]ofill 遅延のタイミングの代わりに埋める文字を使用
* [-]olcuc 小文字を大文字に翻訳
* [-]onlcr 改行 (LF) を復帰改行 (CR-LF) に翻訳
* [-]onlret 改行 (LF) が復帰 (CR) として振舞う
* [-]onocr 1桁目の復帰 (CR) を表示しない
[-]opost プロセス後出力
* tabN 水平タブ遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..3]
* tabs tab0 と同じ
* -tabs tab3 と同じ
* vtN 垂直タブ遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR 行末を示す別の CHAR
erase CHAR CHAR は最後にタイプされた文字を削除
intr CHAR CHAR は割り込みシグナルを送信
kill CHAR CHAR は現在の行を削除
* lnext CHAR CHAR は引用された次の文字を入力
quit CHAR CHAR は終了シグナルを送信
* rprnt CHAR CHAR は現在の行を再表示
start CHAR CHAR は停止した出力を再開
* rows N タームなるが N 行であることをカーネルに通知
* size カーネルに対応した行数と桁数を表示
speed 端末速度を表示
time N -icanon と共に使い, 読込みのタイムアウトを 10 分の N 秒に設定
マウント位置
所属グループ= 昔 メモリの % 1%, b は 1, K は 1024 (標準) のように M, G, T, P, E, Z, T.
*** 警告 ***
環境変数によって指定されたロカールで並び替えの順番が変わります.
本来のバイト単位の数値で昔ながらの並び替え順にしたいならば LC_ALL=C を指定.
%s -> %s (復元)
%s と %s は同じファイルです %s は存在しますがディレクトリではありません %s のファイルタイプが不明です %s のホームページ: <%s>
%s のホームページ:
%s は長すぎます %s: %s は大きすぎて表示できません %s: %s:%s: 順序が不規則: %s: オープンまたは読み込みに失敗しました
%s: そのようなユーザは存在しません %s: 繰り返しカウントには `}' が必要です %s: カレントディレクトリ上でのみ相対シンボリックリンクができます %s: このタイプのファイルの終端を捕捉できないので, このファイルについては処理を終了します %s: 追加用ファイル記述子には shred できません %s: 非ブロッキングモードを再設定できませんでした %s: ファイル終了 (EOF) %s: 等価クラス演算子は一つの文字でなければなりません %s: 数値による指定をして下さい %s: ファイルが負の大きさになっています %s: ファイルが長すぎます %s: ファイルが切り詰められました %s: 入力にループが含まれています: %s: 入力ファイルが出力ファイルが同じファイルです %s: 無効なプロセス番号です %s: 無変化の状態の最大数が無効です %s: 無効な番号です %s: 無効なバイト数表記です %s: 無効な行数表記です %s: 無効な秒数です %s: 無効なオプション -- '%c'
%s: 無効なパターン指定です %s: 無効な正規表現です: %s %s: 接尾辞の長さが正しくありません %s: 行番号はゼロより大きい数でなければなりません %s: 範囲外の行番号 %s: 複数のシグナルが指定されています %s: %s チェックサムとして適切な書式の行がありません %s: このデバイスのサイズ情報がありません %s: オプション '%c%s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '%s' は曖昧です
%s: オプション '--%s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '-W %s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '-W %s' は曖昧です
%s: オプションには引数が必要です -- '%c'
%s: %s を上書きしてもよろしいですか(yes/no)? %s: 経過 %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: 経過 %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: 読み込みエラー %s: 削除しました %s: 削除します %s: %s を置き換えますか(yes/no)? %s: 要求された処理の全てを実行することができません %s: オプション '%c%s' を認識できません
%s: オプション '--%s' を認識できません
%s: 値は完全には変換されていません %s}: `{' と `}' の間には整数値が必要です ' (C) , 平均負荷率: %.2f <内部> (不明)
ホスト名に対する Address family がサポートされていません。 Alarm clock 長いオプションに必須の引数は短いオプションにも必須です.
すべての要求が完了しました 引数バッファが小さすぎます Broken pipe バスエラー コメント CPU時間制限を超過しました 実効ユーザ ID およびグループ ID を USER のものに変更.
-, -l, --login シェルをログインシェルに
-c, --command=COMMAND 単一の COMMAND を -c 付きのシェルに渡す
-f, --fast -f をシェルに渡す (csh または tcsh 用)
-m, --preserve-environment 環境変数を再設定しない
-p -m と同じ
-s, --shell=SHELL /etc/shells が許せば SHELL を実行
子プロセス終了 継続 各々のファイル内のタブをスペースに変換し, 標準出力に書き出します.
ファイルの指定がなかったり, `-'であった場合, 標準入力から読み込みます.
SOURCE から DEST へ、或いは FILE (複数可)を DIRECTORY へコピーする。
標準入力を各々のファイルにコピーし, 標準出力にも出力.
-a, --append 指定されたファイルに追加し, 上書きしない
-i, --ignore-interrupts 割込みシグナルを無視
与えられた `名前' で名前付きパイプ (FIFO) を作成する。
ディレクトリを作成する。ただし既にディレクトリがあれば何もしない。
与えられた TYPE のスペシャルファイル NAME を作成する。
David MacKenzie 終了 式によって決められた状態で終了.
失敗 ファイルサイズ制限を超過しました 強制的にディスクを変更されたブロックに変更し、スーパーブロックを更新する。
GNU ソフトウェアを使用する際の一般的なヘルプ:
Hangup 待機 Illegal instruction 実名: Interrupt シグナル割り込みが発生しました 無効な文字クラス名です \{\} の中身が無効です 無効な正規表現です Killed 端末 ログイン ログイン名: 長いオプションに必須の引数は短いオプションにも必須です.
メモリ配置失敗 メモリを使い果たしました 名前 名前またはサービスが不明です ホスト名にアドレスが割り当てられていません 一致しません 以前に正規表現がありません 名前解決でリカバリできない失敗が発生しました 完了 入力ファイルに含まれる単語の索引を並べ替え, 前後を含めて出力.
環境変数 LS_COLORS の定義するためのコマンドを出力します。
出力フォーマットの決定:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell Bourne シェル形式で LS_COLORS を出力する
-c, --csh, --c-shell C シェル形式で LS_COLORS を出力する
-p, --print-database デフォルト値を標準出力に表示する
ファイルに従い, 現在ログインしているユーザを表示.
ファイルが指定されていなければ %s を使用.
ファイルとして %s が指定されると, これまでの累積データを表示.
指定されたファイルに対して上書きを繰り返し、非常に高価な機械でさえも
データ復元の為の調査を行う事が非常に困難となるようにします。
PID 印字のために, ページ付けや段組を行ないます.
パラメーター文字列が正しくエンコードされていません パスワード: プラン:
電源エラー CRC チェックサムと各々のファイルのバイト数を表示.
パス名からディレクトリ部分を取りのぞいた名前を表示します。
指定があれば、末尾の接尾辞も取り除きます。
パス名からディレクトリ名を切り出す. パス名にディレクトリが含まれない場合
カレントディレクトリと見なして `.' を出力する.
ターミナル属性の表示, 変更.
-a, --all 現在のすべての設定を人間に読める形式で出力
-g, --save 現在のすべての設定を別の stty が読める形式で出力
-F, --file=デバイス 標準入力の代わりに指定されたデバイスを使用
ファイルの各行から選択した部分だけを切り出して, 標準出力に表示します.
標準入力に接続されている端末のファイル名を出力.
-s, --silent, --quiet 何も表示しない, 終了状態だけを返す
現在の作業ディレクトリのフルパス名を表示.
各々の FILE の最後の %d 行を標準出力に書き出します.
複数の FILE が指定された場合は, ファイル名がヘッダ情報として出力されます.
FILE が指定されないか, FILE が - の場合は, 標準入力が読まれます.
現在のユーザの名前を表示.
要求された処理は実行中です プロファイリングタイマーが終了しました プロジェクト: Quit リアルタイムシグナル %d 正規表現が大きすぎます ファイル名の変更、もしくは複数のファイルをディレクトリへ移動します。
指定された全ての文字列または `y' からなる行を繰り返し出力.
%s のバグは <%s> に報告してください。
要求がキャンセルされました 要求がキャンセルされませんでした Richard M. Stallman ルートディレクトリを NEWROOT に設定してコマンドを実行.
Segmentation fault プロセスにシグナルを送信, またはシグナルを一覧表示.
問題を回避するために LC_ALL='C' を指定してください. シェル: Simon Josefsson 停止 停止 (シグナル) 停止 (tty 入力) 停止 (tty 出力) 成功 ファイル毎のディスク使用量を集計する。ディレクトリは再帰的に処理する。
システムエラー 時間 名前解決に一時的に失敗しました Terminated 比較した文字列は %s と %s です. Torbjorn Granlund 詳しくは `%s --help' を実行して下さい.
不明なエラー 不明なシグナル %d 不明なシステムエラー ( または \( が不一致です ) または \) が不一致です [ または [^ が不一致です \{ が不一致です 使用法: %s 名前 [接尾辞]
または: %s オプション
使用法: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
または: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
または: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
使用法: %s [ファイル]...
または: %s [オプション]
使用法: %s [ホスト名]
もしくは: %s オプション
現在のシステムのホスト名を表示または設定.
使用法: %s [オプション] [ファイル]
ファイル中の順序にしたがって, 全てを順序化して出力します.
ファイルが指定されない, もしくはファイルが - の場合は標準入力を読み込みます.
使用法: %s [オプション]... ファイル パターン...
使用法: %s [オプション]... ファイル1 ファイル2
使用法: %s [オプション]... SET1 [SET2]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [+フォーマット]
もしくは: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [ファイル]
ファイルまたは標準入力を Base64 エンコード・デコードして標準出力に出力します。
使用法: %s [オプション]... [ファイル]...
使用法: %s [オプション]... [入力元 [出力先]]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [入力元]... (-G なし)
又は: %s -G [オプション]... [入力元 [出力先]]
ユーザー定義シグナル1 ユーザー定義シグナル2 有効な引数: 仮想タイマーが終了しました 警告: 開始時刻 ログイン元 ファイルの各行の折り返しを行い, 結果を標準出力に書き込みます.
ファイル毎に行を逆順にして標準出力に書き込みます
FILE が指定されないか FILE として - が指定された場合, 標準入力を読み込みます
指定したそれぞれのファイルに行番号を付け足して, 標準出力に書き込みます.
ファイルの指定が無いか, `-' を指定した場合には, 標準入力を読み込みます.
FILE の各行から, 一致する行をタブ文字で区切り, 順に標準出力に書き込みます.
FILE が指定されない, あるいは `-' を指定した場合には標準入力を読み込みます.
作者 %s および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 および他の方々。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s。
置換の時には, 2 つ目の文字列中で [=c=] 形式の表現はできません ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `--pages=開始ページ[:終了ページ]' 指定がありません (引数を持つ) コマンドを与えなくてはなりません %s にアクセス中 ai_family はサポートされていません ai_socktype はサポートされていません `%2$s' に対する引数 %1$s が曖昧です %s をバックアップすると元ファイルが壊れます -- %s をコピーしませんでした %s をバックアップすると元ファイルが壊れます -- %s を移動しませんでした バックアップタイプ ブロックスペシャルファイル 両方のファイルを標準入力にはできません 合計と全エントリの表示の両方を、一度に指定することはできません %s のパーミッションを変更できません -l または -t とシグナルを組み合わせることができません U+%04X をローカル文字セットに変換できません U+%04X をローカル文字セット %s に変換できません 循環するシンボリックリンク %s はコピーできません ディレクトリ %s を作成できません ホスト名を特定できません ハードリンクもシンボリックリンクも作成できません %s を 読み込み用でオープンできません 書式設定を行った出力を実行することができません 標準の形式では, 名前または ID だけを表示することはできません 実時間の時計を読み取ることができません %s に対するファイルポインタを再配置できません 日時を設定できません ホスト名を設定できません; このシステムは機能的に不足しています 入力の終端を越えて読みとばす事はできません 複数の分割方法は指定できません %s を stat できません %s のグループを %s に変更しました
%s の所有者を %s に変更しました
%s の所有権を変更中 文字のオフセットがゼロです 範囲外の文字 キャラクタスペシャルファイル 時刻の変更 クローズ失敗 %s を閉じています (fd=%d) 出力ファイル %s をクローズ 標準入力を閉じています ブート時刻を得られませんでした ディレクトリ ゼロでの割り算 ファイルクローズエラー 正規表現による検索中のエラー %s の読み込みエラー %s の書き込みエラー 終了= 余分な演算子 %s %s のグループを %s に変更できませんでした
%s のモードを %04lo (%s) に変更できませんでした
%s の属性情報を取得できませんでした %s をモード %s で再度開くことに失敗しました 初期作業ディレクトリに戻るのに失敗しました フィールド番号がゼロです fifo %s 形式ファイルシステムが選択/非選択の両方で指定されました getpass: /dev/tty を開けません %s の新たな属性情報を取得中 %s のグループは %s のまま保留されました
iconv 関数が有効ではありません iconv 関数が使えません ID= 環境変数 TABSIZE の値(%s) が不適切なタブサイズなので無視します 環境変数 QUOTING_STYLE の値(%s)が不適切なので無視します 環境変数 COLUMNS の値(%s) が不適切な行幅なので無視します パスワードが違います 入力が無くなりました `%2$s' に対する引数 %1$s が間違っています バイト数もしくはフィールドの範囲指定が間違っています 末尾の変換修飾子が無効です: %c 末尾の変換修飾子が無効です: \%.3o グループ指定が不正 無効な入力 `,' の後の数字が正しくありません `-' の後の数字が正しくありません `.' の後の数字が正しくありません フィールドの開始点の数字が正しくありません バイト数の指定が正しくありません 比較するバイト数の指定が無効です スキップするバイト数の指定が無効です スキップするフィールド数の指定が無効です 行数の指定が正しくありません 無効な出力アドレスの基数 `%c' が指定されました
-- doxn のいずれかを指定してください ユーザ指定が不正 無効な折り返し列数: %s %s に関して再帰的に操作することは危険です %s に関して再帰的に操作することは危険です (%s も同様) 最後= メモリを使い果たしました メッセージキュー [:upper:] と [:lower:] との構成が一致しません 末尾の %% 変換修飾子が無効です 文字クラス名がありません `[::]' 末尾の変換修飾子が指定されていません 等価クラスの文字がありません `[==]' エスケープ中に16進数の数値がありません フィールドのリストがありません 位置指定リストがありません オペランドがありません %s のモードを %04lo (%s) に変更しました
%s のモードは %04lo (%s) として保留されました
-l または -t オプションが複数指定されています シンボリックリンク %s もその参照先も変更されませんでした
環境変数 SHELL が定義されておらず、シェル型のオプションも与えられていません 何もファイルは残っていません 文字列ダンプ時の型は指定できません tty ではありません バイト数 行数 [c*] 繰り返し回数指定は, 2 つめの文字列中では 1 つだけ利用できません 切り出し方として指定できるのは 1 種類だけです オープン失敗 %s の所有者は %s のまま保留されました
ページ幅が狭すぎます %s のパーミッションを保存しています %s のタイムスタンプを保存中 全ての重複行と繰り返し回数を表示することに意味がありません 範囲指定 `%s-%s' の端点が逆順に指定されています 読み込みエラー 読込み失敗 通常の空ファイル 通常ファイル run-level セマフォ 区切り文字が空であってはなりません 問題を回避するために LC_ALL='C' を指定してください。 %s のパーミッションを設定します %s のタイムスタンプを設定中 共有メモリオブジェクト ソケット 標準エラー 標準入力 標準入力が閉じられています 標準出力 状態検知失敗 標準エラー出力 標準入力 標準出力 フィールド指定に使えない文字があります 文字列の比較に失敗 文字列の変換に失敗しました 区切られていない行の抑制が有効なのは,
フィールドを指定して実行するときだけです シンボリックリンク タブサイズは0(ゼロ)にできません タブサイズの指定は昇順でなければなりません 端末= --binary と --text オプションはチェックサムの確認時には無意味です --status オプションはチェックサムの確認時のみ意味を持ちます --warn オプションはチェックサムの確認時のみ意味を持ちます 置換を行なう場合 [c*] は, 2 つ目の文字列でのみ利用できます [c*] 繰り返し回数指定は, 1 つ目の文字列中では利用できません 区切り文字に指定できるのは 1 文字だけです 表示オプションと設定オプションは同時に指定できません 変換前の文字列は %s です 末尾の %% 変換修飾子が多すぎます 合計 エラーメッセージを表示できません 現在の作業ディレクトリを記録することができません 不明なストリーム 環境変数 LS_COLORS の値を解釈できません %s というユーザは存在しません 制限付きシェル %s を使います 警告: %s: 文字定数の後の文字が無視されました 警告: --pid=PID はこのシステムではサポートされていません 警告: PID は無視されます. --pid=PID は --follow (-f) を指定している場合のみ意味があります 警告: 幅 %lu は無効な値です. -- 代わりに %d を使用します 警告: コピー元ファイル %s が複数指定されました 警告: 統計(-s)と -max-depth=0 は同じ用法です 警告: lseek のカーネルバグに対処します。
ファイル (%s) の mt_type=0x%0lx -- のタイプリストを見て下さい 不明なファイル SET1 を切り捨てるのではない場合は, 2 つめの文字列を指定しなければなりません 出力形式を指定した場合, モードを設定してはいけません 補集合文字クラスで置換を行なうとき, 2 つ目の文字列は該当する文字の全ての
置換結果を特定できなければなりません 置換の時, 2 つめの文字列中で利用できる文字クラスは, 大文字と小文字だけです たった今作成した %s には %s で上書きしません 書き込みエラー 書き込み失敗 バイト, 文字, もしくはフィールドのリストを指定してください usr/share/locale/hu/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000677733 15077514300 0014051 0 ustar 00 5 0 ! C ,Z 4Z XZ t\ u\ n] 1^ G ^ $` a p a ! Jb lc )d w e 5 Kg R h ~ i
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
IDLE Idle In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Special files require major and minor device numbers. Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 6.11
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-05-11 16:25+0200
Last-Translator: Gabor Kelemen
Language-Team: Hungarian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
X-Generator: KBabel 1.11.4
( KIFEJEZÉS ) a KIFEJEZÉS igaz
! KIFEJEZÉS a KIFEJEZÉS hamis
KIFEJEZÉS1 -a KIFEJEZÉS2 mind a KIFEJEZÉS1, mind a KIFEJEZÉS2 igaz
KIFEJEZÉS1 -o KIFEJEZÉS2 vagy a KIFEJEZÉS1, vagy a KIFEJEZÉS2 igaz
-a, --all ugyanaz, mint -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot az utolsó rendszerindítás ideje
-d, --dead döglött folyamatok kiírása
-H, --heading oszlopfejléceket tartalmazó sor kiírása
-b FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és speciális blokkfájl
-c FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és speciális karakterfájl
-d FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és könyvtár
-e FÁJL a FÁJL létezik
-l hosszú formátumú kimenet előállítása a megadott
FELHASZNÁLÓKHOZ
-b a felhasználó saját könyvtárának és parancsértelmezőjének
kihagyása a hosszú formátumból
-h a felhasználó projektfájljának kihagyása a hosszú
formátumból
-p a felhasználó tervfájljának kihagyása a hosszú formátumból
-s rövid formátumú kimenet előállítása, ez az alapértelmezett
-n KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC hossza nem nulla
KARAKTERLÁNC azonos a -n KARAKTERLÁNCCAL
-z KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC hossza nulla
KARAKTERLÁNC1 = KARAKTERLÁNC2 a karakterláncok azonosak
KARAKTERLÁNC1 != KARAKTERLÁNC2 a karakterláncok nem azonosak
ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 és ARG2 aritmetikai szorzata
ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 és ARG2 aritmetikai hányadosa
ARG1 % ARG2 ARG1 és ARG2 aritmetikai maradéka
ARG1 + ARG2 ARG1 és ARG2 aritmetikai összege
ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 és ARG2 aritmetikai különbsége
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 kisebb, mint ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 kisebb vagy egyenlő ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 egyenlő ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 nem egyenlő ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 nagyobb vagy egyenlő ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 nagyobb mint ARG2
FÁJL1 -ef FÁJL2 a FÁJL1 és a FÁJL2 azonos eszköz- és inode számokkal
rendelkeznek
FÁJL1 -nt FÁJL2 a FÁJL1 újabb (a módosítás dátuma szerint), mint a FÁJL2
FÁJL1 -ot FÁJL2 a FÁJL1 régebbi, mint a FÁJL2
EGÉSZ másolás a megadott sorszámig, annak beleértése nélkül
/REGEXP/[ELTOLÁS] másolás egy illeszkedő sorig, annak beleértése nélkül
%REGEXP%[ELTOLÁS] kihagyás egy illeszkedő sorig, annak beleértése nélkül
{EGÉSZ} az előző minta ismétlése a megadott számú alkalommal
{*} az előző minta ismétlése ahányszor csak lehetséges
A sor ELTOLÁS egy kötelező „+” vagy „-”, amelyet egy pozitív egész követ.
EGÉSZ1 -eq EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 egyenlő az EGÉSZ2-vel
EGÉSZ1 -ge EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 nagyobb vagy egyenlő, mint az EGÉSZ2
EGÉSZ1 -gt EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 nagyobb, mint az EGÉSZ2
EGÉSZ1 -le EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 kisebb vagy egyenlő, mint az EGÉSZ2
EGÉSZ1 -lt EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 kisebb, mint az EGÉSZ2
EGÉSZ1 -ne EGÉSZ2 az EGÉSZ1 nem egyenlő az EGÉSZ2-vel
KARAKTERLÁNC : REGEXP a REGEXP horgonyzott mintaillesztése a KARAKTERLÁNCRA
match KARAKTERLÁNC REGEXP ugyanaz, mint a KARAKTERLÁNC : REGEXP
substr KARAKTERLÁNC POZ HOSSZ a KARAKTERLÁNC részkarakterlánca, a POZ 1-től
számítva
index KARAKTERLÁNC KARAKTEREK a KARAKTEREK előfordulásának indexe a
KARAKTERLÁNCBAN, vagy 0
length KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC hossza
a az összes sor számozása
t csak a nem üres sorok számozása
n ne számozzon sorokat
pBRE csak a BRE alapvető szabályos kifejezésre illeszkedést tartalmazó
sorok számozása
A FORMÁTUM az alábbiak egyike:
ln balra igazított, nincsenek kezdő nullák
rn jobbra igazított, nincsenek kezdő nullák
rz jobbra igazított, kezdő nullákkal
b speciális blokkfájl (pufferelt) létrehozása
c, u speciális karakterfájl (nem-pufferelt) létrehozása
p FIFO létrehozása
# felhasználók=%lu
Egy könnyűsúlyú „finger” program, felhasználói információkat ír ki.
Az utmp fájl a következő lesz: %s.
Egy egyszerű - maga után vonja a -i kapcsolót. Ha nincs PARANCS megadva, akkor
kiírja az eredményül kapott környezetet.
egy egyszerű - a -l kapcsolót jelenti. Ha a FELHASZNÁLÓ nincs megadva, akkor a
root az alapértelmezés.
Ezután minden jelölő egy decimális, elhagyható mezőszélességgel jön, majd
egy szintén elhagyható módosító, amely vagy az E, a területi beállítások
alternatív ábrázolásának használatához, vagy O a területi beállítások
alternatív numerikus szimbólumainak használatához, ha ezek elérhetők.
Egy kihagyott KIFEJEZÉS alapértelmezett értéke hamis. Egyébként a KIFEJEZÉS
igaz vagy hamis és beállítja a kilépési állapotot. A KIFEJEZÉS az alábbiak
egyike:
Kivételt képez, amikor a cp biztonsági mentést készít a FORRÁSRÓL és a force
és backup kapcsolók egyaránt meg vannak adva, továbbá a FORRÁS és a CÉL ugyanaz a szabályos fájl.
Ne feledd, hogy sok operátort escape-elni vagy idézőjelek közé kell tenni
parancsértelmezőkhöz. Az összehasonlítások aritmetikaiak, ha mindkét ARG szám,
különben lexikografikusak. A mintaillesztések az illeszkedő karakterláncot
adják vissza a \( és \) között, vagy nullértéket; ha a \( és \) nincsenek
használva, akkor az illeszkedő karakterek számát vagy 0-t adnak vissza.
Mind a MAJORT, mind a MINORT meg kell adni, ha a TÍPUS b, c vagy u és el kell
őket hagyni, ha a TÍPUS p. Ha a MAJOR vagy MINOR kezdete 0x vagy 0X, akkor ez
hexadecimálisan lesz értelmezve, egyébként ha 0-val, akkor oktálisan, egyébként
decimálisan. A TÍPUS az alábbiak egyike lehet:
Alapértelmezésben az rm nem töröl könyvtárakat. A --recursive (-r vagy -R)
használatával minden egyes felsorolt könyvtár és azok tartalma is törölhető.
Az alapértelmezett kiválasztás a -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. A CC
két, logikai oldalakat elválasztó karakter, ha a második karakter hiányzik,
akkor : kerül felhasználásra. A \\ beírásával kapható a \ jel. A STÍLUS
az alábbiak egyike:
Kombinációs beállítások:
* [-]LCASE ugyanaz, mint a [-]lcase
cbreak ugyanaz, mint a -icanon
-cbreak ugyanaz, mint az icanon
Vezérlőbeállítások:
[-]clocal modem vezérlőszignálok letiltása
[-]cread engedélyezi a bemenet fogadását
* [-]crtscts engedélyezi az RTS/CTS kézfogást
csN beállítja a karakterméretet N bitre, N értéke [5..8] lehet
A JELÖLŐK az alábbiak lehetnek:
append hozzáfűzési mód (csak kimenet esetén van értelme; javasolt a
conv=notrunc)
Minden egyes MÓD a következő formátumú: `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Példák::
%s /usr/bin/sort A kimenet: „sort”.
%s include/stdio.h .h A kimenet: „stdio”.
Példák:
%s /usr/bin/sort A „/usr/bin” kiírása.
%s stdio.h A „.” kiírása.
Példák:
%s f - g Előbb f, majd a szabványos bemenet, majd g tartalmának kiírása.
%s A szabványos bemenet másolása a szabványos kimenetre.
Példák:
%s root /u A /u tulajdonosának megváltoztatása „root”-ra.
%s root:staff /u Hasonló, de a csoportot megváltoztatja „staff”-ra.
%s -hR root /u A /u és az alatta található fájlok tulajdonosának
módosítása „root”-ra.
Példák:
%s staff /u A /u csoportjának módosítása „staff”-ra.
%s -hR staff /u A /u és az alatta található fájlok csoportjának módosítása
„staff”-ra.
A -h és -L kivételével az összes, a FÁJLLAL kapcsolatos teszt követi a
szimbolikus hivatkozásokat. Ne feledje, hogy a zárójeleket escapelni kell
(például visszaper jelekkel) a parancsértelmezők számára.
Az EGÉSZ lehet -l KARAKTERLÁNC is, ez a KARAKTERLÁNC hosszát veszi fel értékül.
A kilépési állapot 0, ha a KIFEJEZÉS nem null vagy 0 értékű, 1, ha a KIFEJEZÉS
null vagy 0 értékű, 2, ha a KIFEJEZÉS szintaktikailag érvénytelen és 3, ha
hiba történt.
A szabványos bemenetre kötött tty vonalat kezeli. Argumentumok nélkül kiírja
a baud sebességet, vonalmódszert és az eltéréseket az stty sane beállítástól. A
beállításokban a KAR literálisan lesz értelmezve, vagy kódolva mint a ^c, 0x37,
0177 vagy 127; a ^- vagy undef különleges értékek a különleges karakterek
letiltására használatosak.
Ha a FÁJL a -, akkor a szabványos kimenetet semmisíti meg
Csak akkor törli a FÁJLOKAT, ha megadod a --remove (-u) kapcsolót.
Alapértelmezésben nem törli a fájlokat, mert gyakran használatos
eszközfájlokon (például /dev/hda), és ezeket a fájlokat általában nem kell
törölni. Általános fájlokon általában használni szokták a --remove kapcsolót.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, akkor a %s fájlt használja.
A %s használata általános a FÁJLKÉNT. Az ARG1 ARG2 hatása azonos
a -m kapcsolóval; funkciója csupán a „who am i” vagy a „who mom likes” és
hasonló parancsok értelmes megválaszolása.
Ha a FÁJL meg van adva, akkor beolvassa azt és megállapítja, hogy melyik
fájltípushoz milyen színt használjon. Ha nincs, akkor a program az
alapértelmezett adatbázist használja. Ha többet akar tudni a fájl
formátumáról, akkor futtassa a „dircolors --print-database” parancsot.
Ha az ELSŐ vagy a NÖVEKMÉNY nincs megadva, akkor az alapértelmezés 1.
Ez azt jelenti, hogy a kihagyott NÖVEKMÉNY akkor is 1 lesz alapértelmezésben,
ha az UTOLSÓ kisebb, mint az ELSŐ. Az ELSŐ, NÖVEKMÉNY és UTOLSÓ lebegőpontos
értékekként kerülnek értelmezésre. A NÖVEKMÉNY általában pozitív, ha az ELSŐ
kisebb, mint az UTOLSÓ, és általában negatív, ha az ELSŐ nagyobb, mint az
UTOLSÓ.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor újra a szabványos bemenetre másol.
Az első és második hívási alak egyidejű alkalmazása esetén a második alak
feltételezett, ha az utolsó operandus +-al vagy (2 operandus esetén) számmal
kezdődik. Az ELTOLÁS operandus a -j ELTOLÁS kapcsolót jelenti. A CÍMKE az első
kiírandó bájt pszeudo-címe, amely a kiíratás előrehaladásával növekszik. Az
ELTOLÁS és a CÍMKE esetén egy 0x vagy 0X előtag hexadecimális ábrázolást jelez;
az utótagok a . (oktális) és b (szorzás 512-vel) lehetnek.
Ha nincs parancs megadva, a ``${SHELL} -i'' (alapértelmezés: /bin/sh) indul el.
Ha a szabványos bemenet egy terminál, akkor átirányítja a /dev/null-ból.
Ha a szabványos kimenet egy terminál, akkor a kimenetet hozzáfűzi a „nohup.out”
fájlhoz, ha lehetséges, ellenkező esetben a „$HOME/nohup.out” fájlhoz.
Ha a szabványos hibakimenet egy terminál, akkor átirányítja a szabványos
kimenetre. A kimenet FÁJLBA mentéséhez használja a(z) „%s PARANCS > FÁJL”
parancsot.
Bemeneti beállítások:
[-]brkint a sortörés megszakítás szignált okoz
[-]icrnl a kocsivissza új sorrá fordítása
[-]ignbrk sortörés karakterek figyelmen kívül hagyása
[-]igncr kocsivissza figyelmen kívül hagyása
Helyi beállítások:
[-]crterase az erase karakterek visszaadása mint backspace-szóköz-backspace
* crtkill az összes vonal kilövése az echoprt és echoe beállítások
alkalmazásával
* -crtkill az összes vonal kilövése az echoctl és echok beállítások
alkalmazásával
MEGJEGYZÉS: A [ figyelembe veszi a --help és --version kapcsolókat, de a test
nem. A test ezeket bármely más nem üres KARAKTERLÁNCHOZ hasonlóan kezeli.
MEGJEGYZÉS: a parancsértelmező rendelkezhet a(z) %s egy saját
változatával, amely általában helyettesíti az itt leírt változatot. Az az által
támogatott kapcsolókkal kapcsolatos részletekért forduljon a parancsértelmező
dokumentációjához.
Megjegyzés: a -d és -t kapcsolókhoz megadandó dátum- és időformátumok
különböznek.
A BEÁLLÍTÁSOK előtti elhagyható - tagadást jelöl. A * nem POSIX beállításokat
jelöl. Az alapul szolgáló rendszer határozza meg az elérhető beállításokat.
Kimeneti beállítások:
* bsN a backspace késleltetési stílusa, N lehet [0..1]
* crN a kocsivissza késleltetési stílusa, N lehet [0..3]
* ffN lapdobás késleltetési stílusa, N lehet [0..1]
* nlN új sor késleltetési stílusa, N lehet [0..1]
A tulajdonos változatlan marad, ha nincs megadva. A csoport változatlan
marad, ha nincs megadva, de megváltozik a bejelentkezési csoportra, a „:”-ot
követő TULAJDONOS nevének megadásakor. A TULAJDONOST és a CSOPORTOT meg
lehet adni számmal vagy névvel.
A POZ az F[.C][KAPCS] alakú, ahol az F a mező száma és a C a karakterpozíció
a mezőben. Ha sem a -t, sem a -b kapcsoló nincs megadva, akkor a mező
karakterei a megelőző üreshely karaktertől lesznek számolva. A KAPCS néhány
egybetűs rendezési kapcsoló lehet, amelyek felülbírálják az adott kulcsra
vonatkozó globális rendezési kapcsolókat. Ha nincs kulcs megadva, akkor a
teljes sort használja kulcsként.
A MÉRETET a következő többszöröző utótagok követhetik:
A KIFEJEZÉS értékének kiírása a szabványos kimenetre. Egy üres sor alább
növekvő precedenciájú csoportokat választ el. A KIFEJEZÉS lehet:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1, ha az nem null vagy 0, egyébként ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1, ha egyik argumentum sem null vagy 0, egyébként 0
Ha a FÁJL a -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa. A MINTA lehet:
A HALMAZOK karakterláncokként vannak meghatározva. A legtöbb saját magát
képviseli. Az értelmezett sorozatok:
\NNN az NNN oktális értékű karakter (1-3 számjegy)
\\ fordított osztásjel
\a riadó (BEL)
\b visszaper
\f lapdobás
\n új sor
\r kocsivissza
\t vízszintes tab
A MÉRET egy szám. For TYPE in doux, a MÉRET lehet C a
sizeof(char), S a sizeof(short), I a sizeof(int) vagy L a
sizeof(long) értékekhez. Ha a TÍPUS f, akkor a MÉRET szintén lehet F a
sizeof(float), D a sizeof(double) vagy L a sizeof(long double) értékéhez.
Egy %s szignál küldésével egy futó „dd” folyamatnak kiírathatja az
addig beolvasott és kiírt rekordok számát a szabványos hibakimenetre,
majd folytathatja a másolást.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 beolvasott rekord
18335302+0 kiírt rekord
9387674624 bájt (9.4 GB) másolva, 34.6279 másodperc, 271 MB/mp
A kapcsolók:
Speciális karakterek:
* dsusp KAR a KAR egy terminál leállítása szignált fog küldeni a bemenet
kiürítésekor
eof KAR a KAR egy fájl végét fog küldeni (a bemenet befejeztetése)
eol KAR a KAR lezárja a sort
A TÍPUST az alábbi specifikációk közül néhány alkothatja:
a megnevezett karakter, a magas sorrend bit figyelmen kívül hagyása
c ASCII karakter vagy visszaper escape
A biztonsági másolat kiterjesztése „~”, hacsak nincs megadva a --suffix vagy
a SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX használatával. A verziókövetés módját megválaszthatod a
--backup kapcsolóval vagy a VERSION_CONTROL környezeti változó segítségével.
Az érvényes értékek a következők:
Az adatok kódolása a base64 ábécé által az RFC 3548-ban leírt módon történik.
A visszafejtés a szabványnak megfelelő bemenetet követel meg alapértelmezésben,
az --ignore-garbage kapcsoló használatával megkísérelhető a helyreállítás az
ábécében nem szereplő karakterekből.
Az összegek a(z) %s által leírt módon kerülnek kiszámításra.
Ellenőrzéskor a bemenetnek ezen program korábbi kimenetének kell lennie. Az
alapértelmezett mód egy sornyi ellenőrzőösszeg, egy típust jelző karakter
(„*” bináris, „ „ szöveges fájlokhoz) és egy név kiírása minden egyes FÁJLHOZ.
Az érvényes formátumsorozatok fájlokhoz: (a --file-system nélkül):
%a Hozzáférési jogok oktálisan
%A Hozzáférési jogok ember által olvasható formában
%b A lefoglalt blokkok száma (lásd %B)
%B A „%b” által jelentett egyes blokkok mérete bájtokban
%C SELinux biztonsági kontextus karakterlánc
Ha „-” jellel kezdődik a törlendő fájl, például „-foo”, akkor
használja a következő parancsok egyikét:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
A hagyományos formátummeghatározások keverhetők, az alábbiak lehetnek:
-a ugyanaz, mint -t a, megnevezett karakterek kiválasztása, a magas
sorrend bit figyelmen kívül hagyása
-b ugyanaz, mint -t o1, oktális bájtok kiválasztása
-c ugyanaz, mint -t c, ASCII karakterek vagy visszaper escape-ek
kiválasztása
-d ugyanaz, mint -t u2, előjel nélküli tízes alapú 2 bájtos egységek
kiválasztása
A -b, -c vagy -f közül csak egyet használj. Minden egyes LISTA legalább
egy, vesszőkkel elválasztott tartományból áll. A kiválasztott bemenet a
beolvasás sorrendjében és pontosan egyszer kerül kiírásra.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
A „-F /” az alapértelmezés.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Kapcsolók nélkül három oszlopból álló kimenetet állít elő. Az első oszlop
tartalmazza a FÁJL1-ben egyedi sorokat, a második a FÁJL2-ben egyedi sorokat,
a harmadik oszlop pedig a mindkét fájlban közös sorokat.
KAPCSOLÓK nélkül az azonosított információk egy hasznos halmazát írja ki.
A FÁJL egy egyértelmű ábrázolásának kiírása, alapértelmezetten oktális
bájtokkal, a szabványos kimenetre. Több FÁJL argumentumot összefűz a felsorolás
sorrendjében a bemenet kialakítása érdekében.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
--backup[=CONTROL] minden létező célfájlról mentést készít
-b mint a --backup, de nem fogad el argumentumot
-d, -F, --directory könyvtárak hard linkelése (csak root)
(megjegyzés: valószínűleg meg fog hiúsulni a
rendszer korlátozásai miatt, még a rootnak is)
-f, --force létező célfájlok törlése
--group-directories-first
könyvtárak fájlok elé csoportosítása.
kiegészíthető --sort kapcsolóval, de a --sort=none (-U)
használata letiltja a csoportosítást
--help ezen súgó megjelenítése és kilépés
--indicator-style=SZÓ a bejegyzésnevekhez jelet fűz a SZÓ alapján:
none (alapértelmezett), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type) classify (-F)
-i, --inode kiírja az egyes fájlok indexszámát
-I, --ignore=MINTA nem írja ki a parancsértelmező MINTÁRA illeszkedő
bejegyzéseket
-k mint a --block-size=1K
--lookup kísérlet a gépnevek egyszerűsítésére a DNS használatával
-m csak a szabványos bemenethez társított gépnév és felhasználó
-p, --process az init által indított aktív folyamatok kiírása
--no-preserve-root ne kezelje a „/” könyvtárat különlegesen
(alapértelmezett)
--preserve-root a rekurzív működés visszautasítása a „/” könyvtáron
-r, -R, --recursive könyvtárak és tartalmuk rekurzív törlése
-v, --verbose elmagyarázza, mi történik
--no-preserve-root a „/”-t ne kezelje speciálisan (alapértelmezett)
--preserve-root a rekurzív működés visszautasítása a „/” könyvtáron
--no-preserve-root a „/”-t ne kezelje speciálisan (alapértelmezett)
--preserve-root a rekurzív működés visszautasítása a „/” könyvtáron
--no-preserve=ATTR_LISTA nem őrzi meg a megadott attribútumokat
--parents teljes forrásfájlnév használata a KÖNYVTÁR alatt
--one-file-system könyvtárszerkezet rekurzív törlésekor minden olyan
könyvtár kihagyása, amely a megfelelő parancssori
kapcsoló ban megadottól eltérő fájlrendszeren van
--preserve-context a SELinux biztonsági kontextus megőrzése
-Z, --context=KONTEXTUS fájlok és könyvtárak SELinux biztonsági
kontextusának beállítása
--reference=RFÁJL a megadott RFÁJL biztonsági kontextusát használja
egy KONTEXTUS érték megadása helyett
-R, --recursive rekurzívan működik a fájlokon és könyvtárakon
-v, --verbose minden feldolgozott fájl után diagnosztikai
üzenetet ír ki
--rfc-3339=IDŐMEGHAT dátum kiírása RFC 3339 formátumban.
Az IDŐMEGHAT=„date”, „seconds”, vagy „ns”
a jelzett pontosságú dátumhoz és időhöz.
A dátum- és időösszetevőket egyetlen szóköz
választja el: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC által leírt idő beállítása
-u, --utc, --universal a Koordinált világidő kiírása vagy
beállítása
--strip-trailing-slashes eltávolítja a befejező per jeleket minden
FORRÁS argumentumról
-S, --suffix=KITERJESZTÉS a biztonsági másolat szokásos kiterjesztésének
felülbírálása
--time a könyvtár bármely fájljának vagy alkönyvtárának utolsó
módosítása idejének kiírása
--time=SZÓ az idő mutatása a SZÓNAK megfelelően, a módosítási idő
helyett: atime, access, use, ctime vagy status
--time-style=STÍLUS az idő megjelenítése a STÍLUSNAK megfelelően:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMÁTUM. A FORMÁTUM a
„date” parancsnál megadottakhoz hasonlóan kerül
értelmezésre
--time-style=STÍLUS a -l kapcsolóval együtt használva az időt a
STÍLUSNAK megfelelő formátumban mutatja:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, posix-iso,
+FORMÁTUM. A FORMÁTUM értelmezése hasonló, mint
a „date” esetén; ha a FORMÁTUM
FORMÁTUM1<új sor>FORMÁTUM2 alakú, akkor a
FORMÁTUM1 a régebbi, míg a FORMÁTUM2
az újabb fájlokra vonatkozik; ha a STÍLUS a
„posix-” előtaggal rendelkezik, akkor a STÍLUS
csak a POSIX területi beállításokon kívül
lép életbe.
--verbose diagnosztikai üzenet kiírása minden egyes kimeneti
fájl megnyitása előtt
--version verzióinformációk megjelenítése és kilépés
-evenp ugyanaz, mint a -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase ugyanaz, mint az xcase iuclc olcuc
litout ugyanaz, mint a -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout ugyanaz, mint a parenb istrip opost cs7
nl ugyanaz, mint az -icrnl -onlcr
-nl ugyanaz, mint az icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb két stop bit használata karakterenként (egy, ha „-”)
[-]hup egy hangup szignál küldése amikor az utolsó folyamat lezárja
a tty-t
[-]hupcl ugyanaz, mint a [-]hup
[-]parenb paritásbit előállítása a kimenetben és paritásbit
feltételezése a bemenetben
[-]parodd páratlan paritás beállítása (páros, ha „-”)
[-]ignpar paritáshibás karakterek figyelmen kívül hagyása
* [-]imaxbel hangjelzés és ne ürítse a teli bemeneti puffert karakter
érkezésekor
[-]inlcr új sor fordítása kocsivissza karakterré
[-]inpck bemeneti paritásellenőrzés engedélyezése
[-]istrip bemeneti karakterek magas (8.) bitjének törlése
[-]isig a interrupt, quit és suspend különleges karakterek
bekapcsolása
[-]noflsh az ürítés kikapcsolása az interrupt és quit különleges
karakterek után
* [-]prterase ugyanaz, mint a [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop azon háttérfolyamatok leállítása, amelyek a terminálra
próbálnak írni
* [-]xcase az icanon használatakor escape-elés a „\” karakterekkel
nagybetűs karakterekhez
cooked ugyanaz, mint a brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof és eol karakterek beállítása az alapértelmezett
értékeikre
-cooked ugyanaz, mint a raw
crt ugyanaz, mint az echoe echoctl echoke
dec ugyanaz, mint az echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq ugyanaz, mint a [-]ixany
ek erase és kill karakterek beállítása az alapértelmezett
értékeikre
evenp ugyanaz, mint a parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N beállítja a bemeneti sebességet N-re
* line N az N vonalmódszer használata
min N az -icanon használatakor N karakteres minimumot állít be egy
befejezett olvasáshoz
ospeed N beállítja a kimeneti sebességet N-re
oddp ugyanaz, mint a parenb parodd cs7
-oddp ugyanaz, mint a -parenb cs8
[-]parity ugyanaz, mint a [-]evenp
pass8 ugyanaz, mint a -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 ugyanaz, mint a parenb istrip cs7
raw ugyanaz, mint az -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw ugyanaz, mint a cooked
stop KAR a KAR leállítja a kimenetet
susp KAR a KAR egy terminál leállítása szignált küld
* swtch KAR a KAR egy másik parancsértelmező-rétegre fog váltani
* werase KAR a KAR törli az utoljára begépelt szót
%% egy % jel
%b az ARGUMENTUM a „\” escape-jelölések értelmezésével,
kivéve a \0 vagy \0NNN formátumú oktális escape-eket
valamint minden, a diouxXfeEgGcs egyikére végződő C formátumspecifikáció
az ARGUMENTUMOK megfelelő típusra alakítása után. A változó szélességeket
kezeli a program.
%A a területi beállítások teljes napneve, (például: vasárnap)
%b a területi beállítások rövidített hónapneve (például: Jan)
%B a területi beállítások teljes hónapneve, (például: Január)
%c a területi beállítások dátuma és ideje (2005. dec. 25., vasárnap,
15.48.38 CET)
%F teljes dátum; ugyanaz, mint a %Y-%m-%d
%g az ISO hétszám évének utolsó két számjegye (lásd %G)
%G az ISO hétszám éve (lásd %V); csak %V-vel hasznos
%S másodperc (00..60)
%t egy tab
%T idő, ugyanaz , mint a %H:%M:%S
%u a hét napja (1..7); az 1 a Hétfőt jelenti
%U az év hetének száma, a hét első napja Vasárnap (00..53)
%V az év hetének száma (ISO), a hét első napja Hétfő (01..53)
%w a hét napja (0..6); a 0 Vasárnapot jelenti
%W az év hetének száma, a hét első napja Hétfő (00..53)
%d Eszközszám decimálisan
%D Eszközszám hexadecimálisan
%f Nyers mód hexadecimálisan
%F Fájltípus
%g A tulajdonos csoportazonosítója
%G A tulajdonos csoportneve
%h hard linkek száma
%i Inode szám
%n Fájlnév
%N Idézőjelek közé tett fájlnév, követéssel, ha szimbolikus link
%o IO blokkméret
%s Teljes méret, bájtokban
%t Major eszköztípus hexadecimálisan
%T Minor eszköztípus hexadecimálisan
%h ugyanaz, mint %b
%H óra (00..23)
%I óra (01..12)
%j az év napja (001..366)
%i Fájlrendszer-azonosító hexadecimálisan
%l Fájlnevek maximális hossza
%n Fájlnév
%s Blokkméret (gyorsabb átvitelekhez)
%S Alapvető blokkméret (blokkszámokhoz)
%t Típus hexadecimálisan
%T Típus ember által olvasható formában
%k óra ( 0..23)
%l óra ( 1..12)
%m hónap (01..12)
%M perc (00..59)
%n egy új sor
%N nanomásodpercek (000000000..999999999)
%p a területi beállítások nagybetűs AM vagy PM jelzője; üres ha ismeretlen
%P mint a %p, de kisbetűkkel
%r a területi beállítások szerinti idő, 12 órás (például: 00.55.52)
%R 24 órás óra és perc, ugyanaz mint a %H:%M
%s a „00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC” óta eltelt másodpercek száma
%u A tulajdonos felhasználói azonosítója
%U A tulajdonos felhasználóneve
%x Utolsó hozzáférés ideje
%X Utolsó hozzáférés ideje az Epoch óta eltelt másodpercekként
%y Utolsó módosítás ideje
%Y Utolsó módosítás ideje az Epoch óta eltelt másodpercekként
%z Utolsó változtatás ideje
%Z Utolsó változtatás ideje az Epoch óta eltelt másodpercekként
%x a területi beállítások dátumábrázolása (például 2006-01-12)
%X a területi beállítások időábrázolása (például 01.02.32)
%y az év utolsó két számjegye (00..99)
%Y év
%z +óópp numerikus időzóna (például: -0400)
%:z +óó:pp numerikus időzóna (például: -04:00)
%::z +óó:pp:ss numerikus időzóna (például: -04:00:00)
%:::z numerikus időzóna a :-tal a szükséges pontossághoz
(például: -04, +05:30)
%Z betűkből álló időzóna-rövidítés (például: CET)
Alapértelmezésben a date a numerikus mezőket nullákkal tölti ki.
+ JELSOR a JELSOR értelmezése karakterláncként, még ha az
egy kulcsszó is, mint a „match”, vagy operátor
mint a „/”
( KIFEJEZÉS ) a KIFEJEZÉS értéke
-A, --address-radix=ALAP a fájleltolások kiírási módjának eldöntése
-j, --skip-bytes=BÁJT BÁJT darab bemeneti bájt kihagyása először
-A, --auto-reference automatikusan előállított hivatkozások kiírása
-G, --traditional a System V „ptx”-hez hasonló viselkedés
-F, --flag-truncation=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC használata a
sorcsonkítások jelölésére
-B --block-size=MÉRET MÉRET bájtos blokkokat használ
-b, --bytes ugyanaz, mint a „--apparent-size --block-size=1”
-c, --total összesítést ír ki
-D, --dereference-args csak a parancssorban felsorolt szimbolikus linkek
törlése
-D a CÉL minden elemét létrehozza, kivéve az utolsót,
majd a FORRÁST CÉLRA másolja; első alakkal hasznos
-g, --group=CSOPORT a CSOPORTOT állítja be a folyamat csoportja helyett
-m, --mode=MÓD a jogosultságot MÓDRA állítja (mint a chmodnál),
rwxr-xr-x helyett
-o, --owner=TULAJDONOS tulajdonos beállítása (csak root)
-D, --date-format=FORMÁTUM
a FORMÁTUM használata a fejléc dátumához
-e[KAR[SZÉLESSÉG], --expand-tabs[=KAR[SZÉLESSÉG]]
a bemeneti KARAKTEREK (TAB-ok) kiterjesztése a tab
SZÉLESSÉGÉRE (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
lapdobások használata új sorok helyett az oldalak
elválasztására
(egy 3 soros oldalfejléccel a -F vagy egy 5 soros
fejléccel és bevezetővel az -F nélkül)
-G, --no-group hosszú felsorolásnál nem írja ki a csoportneveket
-h, --human-readable ember által olvasható formátum (például 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si ugyanaz mint előbb, de 1000-es szorzó 1024-es helyett
-H, --dereference-command-line parancssorban megadott szimbolikus linkek
követése
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
minden egyes parancssori szimbolikus link követése
amely egy könyvtárra mutat
--hide=MINTA ne listázza a parancsértelmező MINTÁRA illeszkedő
bejegyzéseket (a -a vagy -A felülbírálja)
-I egyszer kérdez háromnál több fájl eltávolításakor
vagy rekurzív törlés esetén. Nem olyan zavaró, mint a
-i, de a legtöbb hiba ellen véd
--interactive[=MIKOR] a MIKOR-nak megfelelően kérdez: never (soha), once
(egyszer, mint a -I), vagy always (mindig, mint
a -i). A MIKOR megadása nélkül mindig kérdez
-L FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és szimbolikus link (ugyanaz, mint a -h)
-O FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és a hatásos felhasználói azonosító tulajdona
-p FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és egy névvel rendelkező adatcsatorna
-r FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és olvasható
-s FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és mérete nagyobb, mint nulla
-L, --dereference mindig követi a szimbolikus linkeket
-P, --no-dereference ne kövesse a szimbolikus linkeket
(ez az alapértelmezés)
-0, --null minden egyes új sort a 0 bájttal fejez be új sor helyett
-S, --separate-dirs alkönyvtárakat nem számolja bele
-s, --summarize argumentumonként egy összeget mutat
-M, --macro-name=KARAKTERLÁNC a használandó makrónév az „xx” helyett
-O, --format=roff a kimenet előállítása roff irányelvekként
-R, --right-side-refs hivatkozások jobb oldalra helyezése, a -w
nem számolja őket
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP sorok vagy mondatok végéhez
-T, --format=tex a kimenet előállítása TeX irányelvekként
-N, --read-bytes=BÁJT a kiíratás korlátozása BÁJT darab bemeneti bájtra
-S, --strings[=BÁJT] a legalább BÁJT darab grafikus karakterből álló
karakterláncok kiírása
-t, --format=TÍPUS a kimeneti formátumok kiválasztása
-v, --output-duplicates ne használja a * jelet a sorelnyomások jelölésére
-w, --width[=BÁJT] BÁJT darab bájt kiírása kimeneti soronként
--traditional argumentumok elfogadása a hagyományos formában
-P, --portability POSIX kompatibilis kimenet
--sync kiadja a sync parancsot a használati információk
beolvasása előtt
-t, --type=TÍPUS csak az adott TÍPUSÚ fájlrendszereket írja ki
-T, --print-type fájlrendszertípusok kiírása
-x, --exclude-type=TÍPUS a megadott TÍPUSÚ fájlrendszereket nem listázza ki
-v (figyelmen kívül marad)
-S rendezés fájlméret alapján
--sort=SZÓ rendezés a SZÓ szerint a név helyett, a SZÓ
érvényes értékei és a kapcsoló, amelynek
megfelelnek: extension -X, size -S,
time -t, version -v
--time=SZÓ a -l kapcsolóval együtt használva az időt a SZÓNAK
megfelelően mutatja a módosítás ideje helyett:
atime: -u, access: -u, use: -u, ctime: -c vagy
status: -c; a megadott idő alapján rendez,
ha a --sort=time kapcsoló meg van adva
-S FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és az egy foglalat
-t [FD] az FD fájlleíró (alapértelmezésben a szabványos kimenet) meg van
nyitva egy terminálon
-u FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és a setuid bitje be van állítva
-w FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és írható
-x FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és végrehajtható (vagy kereshető)
-S, --suffix=KITERJESZTÉS a biztonsági másolat szokásos kiterjesztésének
felülbírálása
-t --target-directory=KÖNYVTÁR a linkek létrehozására szolgáló KÖNYVTÁR
megadása
-T, --no-target-directory a LINK_NEVE fájl kezelése normál fájlként
-v, --verbose linkelés előtt kiírja minden fájl nevét
-T, -w, --mesg a felhasználó üzenetállapotának hozzáadása mint +, - vagy ?
-u, --users bejelentkezett felhasználók felsorolása
--message ugyanaz, mint a -T
--writable ugyanaz, mint a -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP a REGEXP használata minden egyes kulcsszó
-b, --break-file=FÁJL szótörő karakterek ebben a FÁJLBAN
-f, --ignore-case kisbetűk nagybetűkké alakítása a rendezéshez
-g, --gap-size=SZÁM rés mérete oszlopokban a kimeneti mezők között
-i, --ignore-file=FÁJL figyelmen kívül hagyandó szavak listájának
olvasása a FÁJLBÓL
-o, --only-file=FÁJL az egyedüli szólista olvasása ebből a FÁJLBÓL
-Z, --context=KTX a NÉV SELinux biztonsági kontextusának beállítása a KTX-re
-Z, --context=KTX minden NÉV SELinux biztonsági kontextusának beállítása a
KTX-re
-a, --across oszlopok kiírása vízszintesen és nem függőlegesen, a
-OSZLOP kapcsolóval együtt használatos
-c, --show-control-chars
kalapos (^G) és oktális visszaper jelölés használata
-d, --double-space
a kimenet dupla kitöltése
-a, --all minden fájl adatait kiírja, nem csak a könyvtárakat
--apparent-size a tényleges méretet írja ki a lemezhasználat helyett,
jóllehet a tényleges méret általában kisebb, nagyobb
is lehet a lyukak miatt a (ritka) fájlokban, a belső
töredezettség, indirekt blokkok és hasonlók miatt
-a, --all az összes üreshely karakter átalakítása csak a kezdők
helyett
--first-only csak a kezdő üreshelykarakter-sorozatok átalakítása
(felülbírálja a -a kapcsolót)
-t, --tabs=N a tabok N karakter szélesek 8 helyett (bekapcsolja a -a
kapcsolót)
-t, --tabs=LISTA a tabpozíciók vesszőkkel elválasztott LISTÁJÁNAK használata
(bekapcsolja a -a kapcsolót)
-a, --suffix-length=N N hosszúságú utótagok használata (alapértelmezett: %d)
-b, --bytes=MÉRET MÉRET darab bájt kimeneti fájlonként
-C, --line-bytes=MÉRET legfeljebb MÉRET darab bájt hosszú sorok kimeneti
fájlonként
-d, --numeric-suffixes numerikus utótagok használata alfabetikusok helyett
-l, --lines=SZÁM SZÁM darab sor kimeneti fájlonként
-b, --before az elválasztó elé és nem utána kerül csatolásra
-r, --regex az elválasztó értelmezése szabályos kifejezésként
-s, --separator=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC használata elválasztóként az
új sor helyett
-B, --binary bináris módú olvasás
-b, --binary olvasás bináris módban (alapértelmezett, ha nem
terminál szabványos bemenetet olvas)
-b, --body-numbering=STÍLUS a STÍLUS használata a törzs sorainak
számozásához
-d, --section-delimiter=CC a CC használata a logikai oldalak
elválasztásához
-f, --footer-numbering=STÍLUS a STÍLUS használata a lábléc sorainak
számozásához
-b, --bytes bájtok számolása az oszlopok helyett
-s, --spaces tördelés szóközöknél
-w, --width=SZÉLESSÉG SZÉLESSÉG darab oszlop használata 80 helyett
-b, --bytes=LISTA csak ezen bájtok kiválasztása
-c, --characters=LISTA csak ezen karakterek kiválasztása
-d, --delimiter=ELHAT az ELHAT használata a TAB helyett mezőelválasztóként
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks kezdő üreshelyek figyelmen kívül hagyása
-d, --dictionary-order csak üres és alfanumerikus karakterek figyelembe
vétele
-f, --ignore-case kisbetűk nagybetűkké alakítása
-b, --suffix-format=FORMÁTUM az sprintf FORMÁTUM használata a(z) %02d helyett
-f, --prefix=ELŐTAG az ELŐTAG használata az „xx” helyett
-k, --keep-files ne törölje kimeneti fájlokat hiba esetén
-c, --check %s összegek olvasása a FÁJLOKBÓL és
azok ellenőrzése
-c, --count a sorok elé az előfordulások számának kiírása
-d, --repeated csak a kettőzött sorok kiírása
-c, --crown-margin az első két sor behúzásának megtartása
-p, --prefix=KARAKTERLÁNC csak a KARAKTERLÁNC kezdetű sorok újraformázása,
az előtag újraformázott sorokhoz való ismételt
csatolásával
-s, --split-only hosszú sorok szétvágása, de újratöltés nélkül
-d, --delimiters=LISTA a LISTA karaktereinek újrafelhasználása tabok
helyett
-s, --serial egyszerre egy fájl beillesztése párhuzamos
feldolgozás helyett
-e a visszaper escape-k értelmezésének bekapcsolása
(alapértelmezett)
-E a visszaper escape-k értelmezésének kikapcsolása
-f nem rendez, bekapcsolja a „-aU” kapcsolókat,
kikapcsolja a -ls --color kapcsolókat
-F, --classify jelet fűz a bejegyzéshez (a */=>@ vagy | egyikét)
--file-type hasonló az előzőhöz, kivéve a „*”-ot
--format=SZÓ az érvényes értékek és a kapcsoló, amelynek
megfelelnek: across: -x, commas: -m, horizontal:
-x, long: -l, single-column: -1, verbose: -l,
vertical: -C
--full-time mint a -l --time-style=full-iso
-f az oszlopfejlécek sorának kihagyása a rövid formátumban
-w a felhasználó teljes nevének kihagyása a rövid formátumban
-i a felhasználó teljes nevének és távoli kiszolgálójának
kihagyása a rövid formátumban
-q a felhasználó teljes nevének, távoli kiszolgálójának és
üresjárati idejének kihagyása a rövid formátumban
-f ugyanaz, mint -t fF, lebegőpontosak kiválasztása
-i ugyanaz, mint -t dI, decimális egészek kiválasztása
-l ugyanaz, mint -t dL, decimális hosszúak kiválasztása
-o ugyanaz, mint -t o2, oktális 2 bájtos egységek kiválasztása
-s ugyanaz, mint -t d2, tízes alapú 2 bájtos egységek kiválasztása
-x ugyanaz, mint -t x2, hexadecimális 2 bájtos egységek kiválasztása
-f FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és szabályos fájl
-g FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és a setgid bit be van állítva
-G FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és a hatásos csoportazonosító tulajdona
-h FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és szimbolikus link (ugyanaz, mint a -L)
-k FÁJL a FÁJL létezik és a ragadós bit be van állítva
-f, --canonicalize egyszerűsítés minden szimbolikus link rekurzív
követésével az adott név minden összetevőjében,
az utolsó kivételével minden összetevőnek
léteznie kell
-e, --canonicalize-existing egyszerűsítés minden szimbolikus link rekurzív
követésével az adott név minden összetevőjében,
minden összetevőnek léteznie kell
-f, --fields=LISTA csak ezen mezők kiválasztása; valamint bármely sor
kiírása, amely nem tartalmaz elhatárolókaraktert,
kivéve ha a -s kapcsoló meg van adva
-n (figyelmen kívül marad)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
a fájl növekedése során hozzáfűzött adatok kiírása;
a -f, --follow és --follow=descriptor megegyeznek
-F ugyanaz, mint a --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet megszünteti a legtöbb hibaüzenetet
-v, --verbose minden feldolgozott fájl után üzenetet ír ki
--reference=RFÁJL az RFÁJL MÓDJÁT állítja be a MÓD értékek helyett
-R, --recursive rekurzívan módosítja a fájlokat és könyvtárakat
-f, --silent, --quiet megszünteti a legtöbb hibaüzenetet
--reference=RFÁJL a megadott RFÁJL csoportját használja a CSOPORT
értéke helyett
-R, --recursive rekurzívan működik a fájlokon és könyvtárakon
-v, --verbose minden feldolgozott fájl után diagnosztikai
üzenetet ír ki
-f, --silent, --quiet megszünteti a legtöbb hibaüzenetet
--reference=RFÁJL a megadott RFÁJL csoportját és tulajdonosát
állítja be a TULAJ:CSOPORT értéke helyett
-R, --recursive rekurzívan módosítja a fájlokat és könyvtárakat
-v, --verbose minden feldolgozott fájl után diagnosztikai
üzenetet ír ki
-g mint a -l, de tulajdonos kiírása nélkül
-g GID[,GID1...] az elsődleges csoportazonosító beállítása a numerikus GID-re
és (ha meg van adva) akkor a kiegészítő csoportazonosítók
beállítása a GID1, ... értékeire
-h, --no-dereference nem a fájl, hanem a rá mutató szimbolikus link
csoportját állítja át (csak azokon a rendszereken
működik, ahol a szimlink csoportja állítható)
-i, --ignore-case kis- és nagybetűk közti különbség figyelmen kívül hagyása
mezők összehasonlításakor
-j MEZŐ azonos a következővel: „-1 MEZŐ -2 MEZŐ”
-o FORMÁTUM a FORMÁTUM alkalmazása a kimeneti sor előállításánál
-t KARAKTER a KARAKTER használata a bementi és kimeneti mező
elválasztójaként
-i, --initial ne alakítsa át a tabokat nem üreshely karakterek után
-t, --tabs=SZÁM a tabok SZÁM karakter szélesek legyenek, ne pedig 8
-i, --inodes inode információk blokkhasználat helyett
-k ugyanaz, mint a --block-size=1K
-l, --local csak a helyi fájlrendszereket írja ki
--no-sync nem adja ki a sync parancsot a használati információk
beolvasása előtt (alapértelmezett)
-k mint a --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links többször számolja a méretet, ha hard linkek vannak
-m mint a --block-size=1M
-l hosszú formátum
-L, --dereference szimbolikus linkek fájlinformációinak
megjelenítésekor a szimbolikus linkek által
mutatott fájlok adatait jeleníti meg a link
adatai helyett
-m a szélességet a bejegyzések vesszővel
elválasztott listájával tölti ki
-l, --link fájlok linkelése másolás helyett
-L, --dereference a szimbolikus linkek követése mindig a FORRÁSBAN
-l, --login kiírja a rendszer bejelentkezési folyamatait
-m, --canonicalize-missing egyszerűsítés minden szimbolikus link rekurzív
követésével az adott név minden összetevőjében,
az összetevők létezésére tekintet nélkül
-n, --no-newline ne írja ki a záró új sort
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent megszünteti a legtöbb hibaüzenetet
-v, --verbose hibaüzenetek kiírása
-m, --mode=MÓD fájlmód beállítása, (mint a chmod), nem a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents könyvtárstruktúrát hoz létre. Nem ad hibát, ha már létezik
-v, --verbose üzenetet ír ki minden egyes létrehozott könyvtárhoz
-Z, --context=KTX minden létrehozott könyvtár SELinux biztonsági
kontextusának beállítása a KTX-re
-n, --digits=SZÁMJEGYEK a megadott számú számjegy használata a 2 helyett.
-s, --quiet, --silent ne írja ki a kimeneti fájlok méretének összegét
-z, --elide-empty-files üres kimeneti fájlok eltávolítása
-n, --numeric-uid-gid mint a -l, de az felhasználó- és
csoportazonosítókat számmal írja ki
-N, --literal nyers bejegyzésnevek kiírása (nem kezeli
megkülönböztetett módon például a
vezérlőkaraktereket)
-o mint a -l, de a csoportinformációk kiírása nélkül
-p, --indicator-style=slash
egy / jelet fűz a könyvtárakhoz
-o, --output=FÁJL az eredmény írása a FÁJLBA a szabványos kimenet
helyett
-s, --stable a rendezés stabilizálása az utolsó újrarendezési
összehasonlítás letiltásával
-S, --buffer-size=MÉRET a MÉRET használata a fő memóriapufferhez
-q, --count az összes bejelentkezési név és a bejelentkezett
felhasználók számának kiírása
-r, --runlevel a jelenlegi futási szint
-s, --short csak a név, vonal és idő kiírása (alapértelmezett)
-t, --time az utolsó rendszeróra-változás kiírása
-q, --hide-control-chars ? kiírása a nem grafikus karakterek helyett
--show-control-chars megjeleníti a nem grafikus karaktereket
(alapértelmezett, kivéve ha a program az „ls”
és a kimenet egy terminál)
-Q, --quote-name minden bejegyzésnevet idézőjelbe tesz
--quoting-style=SZÓ a SZÓ stílusnak megfelelően idézőjelez:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent soha ne írja ki a fájlneveket megadó fejléceket
-v, --verbose mindig írja ki a fájlneveket megadó fejléceket
-r, --reference=FÁJL a FÁJL utolsó módosítása dátumának megjelenítése
-R, --rfc-2822 Időpont kiírása RFC 2822 formátumban.
Például: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FÁJL a FÁJL dátumát használja a jelenlegi idő helyett
-t IDŐ a [[CC]ÉÉ]HHNNóópp[.ss] formátumot használja a
jelenlegi idő helyett
--time=SZÓ a megadott időt módosítja. A SZÓ lehet:
access atime use: ugyanaz, mint a -a
modify mtime: ugyanaz, mint a -m
-r, --references minden egyes sor első mezője egy hivatkozás
-t, --typeset-mode - nincs megvalósítva -
-w, --width=SZÁM a kimenet szélessége oszlopokban, a
hivatkozások kihagyásával
-s, --only-delimited ne írja ki az elhatárolókat nem tartalmazó sorokat
--output-delimiter=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC használata a kimenet
elhatárolójaként, az alapértelmezés a bemenet
elhatárolójának használata
-s, --signal=SZIGNÁL, -SZIGNÁL
megadja az elküldendő szignál nevét vagy számát
-l, --list szignálnevek felsorolása, vagy szignálnevek számokká és
visszaalakítása
-t, --table szignálinformációkat tartalmazó táblázat kiírása
-s, --symbolic-link szimbolikus link létrehozása másolás helyett
-S, --suffix=KITERJESZTÉS a biztonsági másolat szokásos kiterjesztésének
felülbírálása
-t, --target-directory=KÖNYVTÁR minden FORRÁS argumentum másolása a
megadott KÖNYVTÁRBA
-T, --no-target-directory a CÉL kezelése normál fájlként
-t módosítás dátuma alapján rendez
-T, --tabsize=OSZL tabulátor minden OSZL-nál, 8 helyett
-t azonos a -vT-vel
-T, --show-tabs a TAB karaktereket ^I formában jeleníti meg
-u (figyelmen kívül marad)
-v, --show-nonprinting a ^ és M- jelölés használata az LFD és TAB
kivételével
-t, --field-separator=ELV az ELV használata a nem üresről üresre áttérés
helyett
-T, --temporary-directory=KÖNYVTÁR
a KÖNYVTÁR használata az átmeneti fájlokhoz a
$TMPDIR vagy a(z) %s helyett;
több kapcsolóval több könyvtár adható meg
-u, --unique a -c esetén szigorú rendezés ellenőrzése, a
-c nélkül csak az elsőt írja ki egy egyenlő
menetből
-t, --tabs=LISTA az explicit tab pozíciók vesszőkkel elválasztott
listájának használata
-t, --tagged-paragraph az első sor behúzása különbözik a másodikétól
-u, --uniform-spacing egy szóköz szavak között, kettő mondatok után
-w, --width=SZÉLESSÉG maximum sorszélesség (alapértelmezés 75 oszlop)
--target-directory=KÖNYVTÁR minden FORRÁS áthelyezése a megadott
KÖNYVTÁRBA
-T, --no-target-directory a CÉL kezelése normál fájlként
-u, --update csak akkor helyezi át, ha a célfájl régebbi,
mint a FORRÁS, vagy ha a célfájl nem létezik
-v, --verbose elmagyarázza, mi történik
-t, --text olvasás szöveges módban (alapértelmezett, ha
terminál szabványos bemenetet olvas)
-t, --text olvasás szöveges módban (alapértelmezett)
-u, --remove fájl csonkítása és törlése felülírás után
-v, --verbose folyamat előrehaladásának mutatása
-x, --exact nem kerekíti fel a fájlméretet a következő teljes blokkra
ez az alapértelmezés nem szabályos fájlok esetén
-z, --zero a végén nullákkal írja felül a fájlt, így álcázva a
megsemmisítést
-u, --update csak akkor másol, ha a CÉL fájl régebbi mint a
FORRÁS, vagy ha a CÉL nem létezik
-v, --verbose elmagyarázza, mi történik
-x, --one-file-system az adott fájlrendszeren marad
-u, --user=FELHASZNÁLÓ a FELHASZNÁLÓ felhasználó beállítása a cél biztonsági
kontextusában
-r, --role=SZEREP a SZEREP szerep beállítása a cél biztonsági
kontextusában
-t, --type=TÍPUS a TÍPUS típus beállítása a cél biztonsági kontextusában
-l, --range=TARTOMÁNY a TARTOMÁNY tartomány beállítása a cél biztonsági
kontextusában
-v, --kernel-version a kernel verziójának kiírása
-m, --machine a gép hardvere nevének kiírása
-p, --processor a processzor típusának vagy az „unknown” szó
kiírása
-i, --hardware-platform a hardverplatform vagy „unknown” az „unknown” szó
kiírása
-o, --operating-system az operációs rendszer kiírása
-w, --check-chars=N a sorokban N-től ne hasonlítson össze több karaktert
-w, --width=OSZL feltételezi, hogy a képernyő OSZL széles
-x a bejegyzéseket soronként, és nem oszloponként
listázza
-X ábécé sorba rendez, kiterjesztés szerint
-Z, --context az egyes fájlok teljes SELinux biztonsági
kontextusának kiírása
-1 soronként egy fájlnevet ír ki
-z, --zero-terminated a sorok lezárása a 0 bájttal új sor helyett
[:graph:] az összes nyomtatható karakter, kivéve a szóközt
[:lower:] az összes kisbetű
[:print:] az összes nyomtatható karakter, beleértve a szóközt
[:punct:] az összes központozó karakter
[:space:] az összes vízszintes vagy függőleges üreshely
[:upper:] az összes nagybetű
[:xdigit:] az összes hexadecimális számjegy
[=KAR=] az összes karakter, amely azonos a KAR karakterrel
\v függőleges tab
KAR1-KAR2 az összes karakter KAR1 és KAR2 között növekvő sorrendben
[KAR*] a HALMAZ2-ben, a KAR másolatai a HALMAZ1 hosszáig
[KAR*ISMÉTLÉS] a KAR ISMÉTLÉS darab másolata, az ISMÉTLÉS oktális, ha 0-val
kezdődik
[:alnum:] az összes betű és számjegy
[:alpha:] az összes betű
[:blank:] az összes vízszintes üreshely
[:cntrl:] az összes vezérlőkarakter
[:digit:] az összes számjegy
ascii EBCDIC-ből ASCII-ba
ebcdic ASCII-ból EBCDIC-be
ibm ASCII-ból módosított EBCDIC-be
block az új sorra végződő rekordokat cbs méretűre tölti ki szóközökkel
unblock a sorvégi szóközöket cbs méretű rekordokban soremelésre cseréli
lcase nagybetűről kisbetűre cserél
binary bináris I/O használata az adatokhoz
d[MÉRET] előjeles decimális, MÉRET bájt egészenként
f[MÉRET] lebegőpontos, MÉRET bájt egészenként
o[MÉRET] oktális, MÉRET bájt egészenként
u[MÉRET] előjel nélküli decimális, MÉRET bájt egészenként
x[MÉRET] hexadecimális, MÉRET bájt egészenként
direct közvetlen I/O használata az adatokhoz
dsync szinkronizált I/O használata az adatokhoz
noatime ne frissítse a hozzáférési időt
nocreat ne hozza létre a kimeneti fájlt
excl a működés visszautasítása, ha kimeneti fájl már létezik
notrunc nem csonkolja a kimeneti fájlt
ucase kisbetűről nagybetűre cserél
swab minden bemeneti bájtpár sorrendjét megcseréli
noctty ne rendelje hozzá a vezérlő terminált fájlból
noerror folytatás olvasási hibák után
sync minden bemeneti blokkot NULL bájtokkal ibs méretűre egészít ki;
ha a „block” vagy „unblock” is szerepel a listában,
akkor a feltöltéshez NULL helyett szóközt használ
fdatasync a kimeneti fájladatok kiírása fizikailag a befejezés előtt
fsync hasonló az előzőhöz, de a metaadatokat is kiírja
nofollow ne kövesse a szimbolikus linkeket
nolinks többszörös linkek esetén a működés visszautasítása
nonblock nem blokkoló I/O használata
none, off nem készít mentést (még a --backup megadása esetén sem)
numbered, t számozott mentést készít
existing, nil számozott, ha már létezik számozott változat, egyébként
egyszerű
simple, never mindig egyszerű biztonsági mentés
sync hasonló az előzőhöz, de a metaadatok esetén is érvényes
text szöveges I/O használata az adatokhoz
%4s-blokk Foglalt Szabad Fo.%% %s-blokk Fogl. Szabad Kapacitás (biztonsági mentés: %s) * [-]ctlecho vezérlőkarakterek visszaadása kalapos jelöléssel („^c”)
[-]echo bemeneti karakterek visszaadása
* [-]echoctl ugyanaz, mint a [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe ugyanaz, mint a [-]crterase
[-]echok új sor visszaadása egy kill karakter után
* [-]echoke ugyanaz, mint a [-]crtkill
[-]echonl új sor visszaadása akkor is, ha más karaktereket nem ad vissza
* [-]echoprt törölt karakterek visszaadása visszafelé, „\” és „/” között
[-]icanon az erase, kill, werase és rprnt különleges karakterek
bekapcsolása
[-]iexten a nem POSIX különleges karakterek bekapcsolása
* [-]iuclc nagybetűs karakterek kisbetűssé alakítása
* [-]ixany bármely karakter újrakezdheti a kimenetet, nem csak a start
[-]ixoff start/stop karakterek küldésének engedélyezése
[-]ixon XON/XOFF folyamvezérlés engedélyezése
[-]parmrk paritáshibák jelölése (egy 255-0 karaktersorozattal)
[-]tandem ugyanaz, mint a [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 a bemeneti karakterek UTF-8 kódolásának feltételezése
* [-]ocrnl a kocsivissza új sorrá fordítása
* [-]ofdel delete karakterek használata kitöltéshez null karakterek
helyett
* [-]ofill kitöltő karakterek használata időzítés helyett a
késleltetésekhez
* [-]olcuc kisbetűs karakterek nagybetűssé alakítása
* [-]onlcr új sor karakterek kocsivissza - új sorrá alakítása
* [-]onlret az új sor kocsivisszát hajt végre
* [-]onocr ne írjon ki kocsivissza karaktereket az első oszlopba
[-]opost kimenet utófeldolgozása
* tabN vízszintes tab késleltetési stílus, N lehet [0..3]
* tabs ugyanaz, mint a tab0
* -tabs ugyanaz, mint a tab3
* vtN függőleges tab késleltetési stílus, N lehet [0..1]
* eol2 KAR alternatív KAR a sor lezárására
erase KAR a KAR törli az utoljára beírt karaktert
intr KAR a KAR egy megszakítási szignált fog küldeni
kill KAR a KAR törli az aktuális sort
* lnext KAR a KAR hatására a következő karakter idézőjelek között kerül
bevitelre
quit KAR a KAR egy kilépési szignált fog küldeni
* rprnt KAR a KAR újrarajzolja az aktuális sort
start KAR a KAR újraindítja a kimenetet annak leállítása után
* rows N közli a kernellel, hogy a terminál N sorral rendelkezik
* size kiírja a sorok és oszlopok számát a kernellel összhangban
speed kiírja a terminál sebességét
time N az -icanon használatakor beállítja az olvasási időtúllépést N
tizedmásodpercre
Csatl. pont
TTY csoportok= régi a(z) %s ismétlésben
% 1% a memóriából, b 1, K 1024 (alapértelmezett), és ugyanígy M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
*** FIGYELMEZTETÉS ***
A környezet által megadott területi beállítások befolyásolják a rendezési
sorrendet. Az LC_ALL=C beállításával megkapható a hagyományos rendezési
sorrend, amely a natív bájtértékeket használja.
%.*s: érvénytelen konverziós specifikáció %Y %b %e %b %e %H.%M %lu felhasználó %lu felhasználó %s %s (a(z) %s regexphez) %s -> %s (biztonsági mentés visszaállítása)
A(z) %s [-d] váratlanul befejeződött %s és %s ugyanaz a fájl %s létezik, de nem könyvtár %s megjelent; a program az új fájl végét követi %s elérhetővé vált %s elérhetetlenné vált %s le lett cserélve egy követhetetlen fájlra;
a program ezen a néven befejezi a próbálkozást %s helyettesítésre került; a program az új fájl végét követi %s fájltípusa ismeretlen %s nem egy érvényes pozitív egész a(z) %s túl nagy %s%s: a(z) „%s” argumentum túl nagy %s: %s olyan nagy, hogy nem ábrázolható %s: %s: a sorszám kívül esik a tartományon %s: %s: a találat nem található %s: %s:%s: rendezetlenség: %s: a megnyitás vagy olvasás meghiúsult
%s: Nincs ilyen felhasználó %s: egy „}” szükséges az ismétlésszámban %s: a program bináris operátort várt %s: relatív szimbolikus linkeket csak az aktuális könyvtárban lehet létrehozni %s: nem módosítható a nem blokkoló mód %s: nem található a név a(z) %lu felhasználói azonosítóhoz
%s: ezen fájltípus vége nem követhető;
a program ezen a néven befejezi a próbálkozást %s: nem lehet lseek-elni az eredeti pozícióra %s: a könyvtár nem írható felül %s: nem lehet visszacsévélni %s: nem lehet pozicionálni %s: nem lehet a(z) %s befejező relatív eltolásra keresni %s: nem lehet a(z) %s eltolásra pozicionálni %s: nem lehet a(z) %s relatív eltolásra keresni %s: nem lehet a megsemmisíteni a csak hozzáfűzésre megnyitott fájlleírót %s: a záró „%c” elhatároló hiányzik %s: nem állítható vissza a nem blokkoló mód %s: belép a(z) %s könyvtárba? %s: belép a(z) %s írásvédett könyvtárba? %s: fájl vége %s: az egyenlőségosztály operandusnak egyetlen karakternek kell lennie %s: hiba a csonkításnál %s: írási hiba a következő eltolásnál: %s %s: a várt érték numerikus %s: a bezárás meghiúsult %s: az írásra megnyitás meghiúsult %s: az eltávolítás meghiúsult %s: az fcntl meghiúsult %s: az fdatasync meghiúsult %s: a fájl métere negatív %s: a fájl túl sokat zsugorodott %s: a fájl túl nagy %s: a fájl túl nagy %s: a fájl csonkítva %s: az elérés meghiúsult %s: az fsync meghiúsult %s: könyvtárra mutató hard link nem engedélyezett %s: bemenet hurkot tartalmaz: %s: a bemenet páratlan számú jelsort tartalmaz %s: a bemeneti fájl a kimeneti fájl %s a program egész értéket várt az elhatároló után %s: érvénytelen PID %s: érvénytelen szám a(z) %s kezdetén %s: érvénytelen direktíva %s: érvénytelen mezőspecifikáció: %s %s: érvénytelen fájlméret %s: érvénytelen fájltípus %s: a változatlan statok maximális száma érvénytelen a megnyitások között érvénytelen szám: %s %s: érvénytelen bájtszám %s: érvénytelen sorszám %s: érvénytelen menetszám %s: a másodpercek száma érvénytelen %s: érvénytelen minta %s: érvénytelen folyamatazonosító %s: érvénytelen szabályos kifejezés: %s %s: érvénytelen szignál %s: érvénytelen utótaghossz %s: a sorszámnak nagyobbnak kell lennie, mint 0 %s: a sorszám kívül esik a tartományon %s: az lseek meghiúsult %s: több szignált adott meg %s: az új jogosultságok: %s, nem pedig %s %s: nem találhatók megfelelően formázott %s ellenőrzőösszeg sorok %s: nincsenek méretinformációk ehhez az eszközhöz %s: a már listázott könyvtár nem kerül listázásra %s: a bájtszám túl nagy %s: felülírod a(z) %s fájlt? %s: %lu/%lu menet (%s)... %s: %lu/%lu menet (%s)...%s %s: %lu/%lu menet (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: olvasási hiba %1$s: eltávolítja a(z) %3$s nevű, „%2$s” típusú elemet? %s: rekurzívan eltávolítja az összes argumentumot? %s: eltávolítja az összes argumentumot? %1$s: eltávolítja az írásvédett %3$s nevű, „%2$s” típusú elemet? %s: törölve %s: törlés alatt %s: átnevezve a következőre: %s %s: %s cseréje? %s: a keresés meghiúsult %s: túl sok ellenőrzőösszeg-sor %s: megpróbálja felülírni a(z) %s fájlt, figyelmen kívül hagyva a(z) %04lo (%s) módot? %s: a maximális fájlnévhossz nem határozható meg %s: nem hajtható végre az össze kért művelet %s: a program egyoperandusú operátort várt %s: az érték átalakítása nem teljes %s: íráshiba %s:%lu: érvénytelen sor; a második token hiányzik %s:%lu: a(z) %s kulcsszó ismeretlen %s}: egy egész érték szükséges a „{” és „}” között ” a program „)” jelet várt a program „)” jelet várt, de a következőt találta: %s (C) * azon fájlrendszerek, amelyek gyorsítótárai átmeneti helyen találhatók,
ilyen az NFS kliens 3-as verziója
* tömörített fájlrendszerek
* naplózó fájlrendszerek, ilyen az AIX és a Solaris fájlrendszere (valamint
a JFS, a ReiserFS, az XFS, az Ext3 stb.)
* azon fájlrendszerek, amelyek redundánsan írják az adatokat és akkor is
továbbhaladnak az írással, ha valamelyik írás sikertelen, ilyenek a
RAID alapú fájlrendszerek.
* pillanatfelvételeket alkalmazó fájlrendszerek, ilyen a Network Appliance
NFS kiszolgálója
, átlagos terh.: %.2f , %g mp, %s/mp
a --context (-Z) csak SELinux-képes rendszermagokkal működik A -R --dereference igényli a -H vagy -L egyikét a -R -h megköveteli a -P használatát a -ef nem fogadja el a -l kapcsolót a -nt nem fogadja el a -l kapcsolót a -ot nem fogadja el a -l kapcsolót ???
A címcsalád a gépnévhez nem támogatott Ha egy hosszú kapcsolóhoz kötelező argumentumot megadni, akkor ez a
megfelelő rövid kapcsolónál is kötelező.
Minden kérés kész A paraméterpuffer túl kicsi Az ai_flags értéke hibás VIGYÁZAT: A shred működése egy fontos feltételezésen alapul:
azon, hogy a fájlrendszer azonnal felülírja az adatokat. Ez a hagyományos
eljárás, de sok korszerű fájlrendszer eltér ettől. A következő
fájlrendszereken nem, vagy nem minden fájlrendszermód esetén garantált a shred
hatásossága:
MEGJEGYZÉS A link függvény meghívása egy létező FÁJL1-re mutató FÁJL2 nevű link
létrehozásához.
Az unlink függvény meghívása a megadott FÁJL törlése érdekében.
A hatásos felhasználói azonosító és csoportazonosító megváltoztatása a
FELHASZNÁLÓÉRA.
-, -l, --login a parancsértelmező legyen bejelentkezési
parancsértelmező
-c, --command=PARANCS egyetlen PARANCS átadása a parancsértelmezőnek
-f, --fast a -f átadása a parancsértelmezőnek (csh vagy
tcsh esetén)
-m, --preserve-environment ne állítsa vissza a környezeti változókat
-p ugyanaz, mint a -m
-s, --shell=PARANCSÉRTELMEZŐ a PARANCSÉRTELMEZŐ futtatása, ha az /etc/shells
engedélyezi
Megváltoztatja mindegyik FÁJL csoportját a CSOPORTRA.
A --reference használatával minden egyes FÁJL csoportját a REFERENCIAFÁJL
csoportjára változtatja.
-c, --changes mint a bőbeszédű mód, de csak a végrehajtott
változásokat jelzi
--dereference nem a szimbolikus link csoportját változtatja meg,
hanem a fájlét, amire az mutat (ez az
alapértelmezett)
Megváltoztatja minden egyes FÁJL jogosultságait a MÓDRA.
-c, --changes mint a verbose, de csak a változásokat jelzi
Megváltoztatja mindegyik FÁJL tulajdonosát és/vagy csoportját a TULAJDONOSRA
és/vagy a CSOPORTRA. A --reference használata esetén mindegyik FÁJL
tulajdonosát és csoportját a REFERENCIAFÁJLÉRA változtatja.
-c, --changes mint a verbose, de csak a változásokat jelzi
--dereference nem a szimbolikus link csoportját változtatja meg,
hanem a fájlét, amire az mutat
A rendezett FÁJL1 és FÁJL2 összehasonlítása sorról sorra.
Összefűzi a FÁJLOKAT, vagy a szabványos bemenetet a szabványos kimenettel.
-A, --show-all azonos a -vET-vel
-b, --number-nonblank a nem üres kimeneti sorok megszámozása
-e azonos a -vE-vel
-E, --show-ends egy $ jelet jelenít meg minden egyes sor végén
-n, --number megszámoz minden kimeneti sort
-s, --squeeze-blank az ismétlődő üres kimeneti sorokat nem jeleníti meg
Szóközök átalakítása minden egyes FÁJLBAN tabokká és kiírás a szabványos
kimenetre. Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet
olvassa.
A tabokat minden egyes FÁJLBAN szóközökké alakítja és kiírja a szabványos
kimenetre. Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet
olvassa.
A FORRÁST a CÉLRA, vagy több FORRÁST a KÖNYVTÁRBA másol.
A szabványos bemenet másolása minden egyes FÁJLBA, valamint a
szabványos kimenetre is.
-a, --append hozzáfűzés a megadott FÁJLOKHOZ, felülírás helyett
-i, --ignore-interrupts megszakítási szignálok figyelmen kívül hagyása.
NÉV nevű névvel rendelkező adatcsatornát (FIFO-t) hoz létre.
KÖNYVTÁRAKAT hoz létre, ha még nem léteznek.
Az adott NEVŰ és TÍPUSÚ speciális fájl létrehozása.
Könyvtár: Kijelzi a fájl vagy fájlrendszer állapotát.
-L, --dereference kövesse a linkeket
-f, --file-system a fájlrendszer állapotát jelzi ki a fájl állapota helyett
Az aktuális idő megjelenítése a megadott FORMÁTUMBAN, vagy a rendszerdátum
beállítása.
-d, --date=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC által leírt dátum megjelenítése
az aktuális helyett
-f, --file=DÁTUMFÁJL ugyanaz, mint a --date egyszer a DÁTUMFÁJL minden
egyes sorára
Minden kiegészítő csoport eldobása, a megadott FELHASZNÁLÓNÉV felhasználó- és
csoportazonosítójának felvétele és a PARANCS futtatása a megadott
ARGUMENTUMOKKAL. 111-es állapottal lép ki, ha a szükséges UID és GID nem
vehető fel. Egyébként a PARANCS kilépési állapotával tér vissza.
Ez a program csak akkor hasznos, ha a root (0 felhasználói azonosító) futtatja.
KILÉP Minden egyes tartomány az alábbiak egyike:
N N. bájt, karakter vagy mező, 1-től számítva
N- az N. bájttól, karaktertől vagy mezőtől, a sor végéig
N-M az N. bájttól, karaktertől vagy mezőtől, az M.-ig (azt is beleértve)
-M az első bájttól, karaktertől vagy mezőtől az M.-ig (azt is beleértve)
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
A KARAKTERLÁNCOK kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
-n ne írja ki a befejező új sort
Kilépés egy sikert jelző állapotkóddal. Kilépés a KIFEJEZÉS által meghatározott állapottal.
F. Pinard HIBÁS A FORMÁTUM argumentumnak alkalmasnak kell lennie egy duplapontos típusú
argumentum nyomtatására; az alapértelmezés a %.PONTOSSÁGf, ha az ELSŐ,
NÖVEKMÉNY és UTOLSÓ fixpontos decimális számok pontossága legfeljebb PONTOSSÁG,
ellenkező esetben %g
A Fifo-k nem rendelkeznek major és minor eszközszámokkal. Fájlrendszer Fájlrendszer Típus Minden egyes azonos összekapcsolási mezővel rendelkező bementi sorpárhoz kiír
egy sort a szabványos kimenetre. Az alapértelmezett összekapcsolási mező az
első, üreshely karakterekkel elválasztva. Ha a FÁJL1 vagy FÁJL2 (nem mindkettő)
a -, akkor a szabványos bemenetről olvas.
-a FÁJLSZÁM a FÁJLSZÁM fájlból származó nem párosítható sorok kiírása
ahol a FÁJLSZÁM 1 vagy 2, a FÁJL1-nek vagy a FÁJL2-nek
megfelelően.
-e ÜRES a hiányzó bemeneti mezők helyettesítése az ÜRESSEL
A megváltozott blokkokat azonnal kiírja lemezre, frissíti a szuperblokkot
ÜRES Üresj. Ezen kívül a törölni kívánt fájlnak lehetnek példányai fájlrendszermentésben vagy
egy távoli tükörkiszolgálón. Ezek alapján vissza lehet állítani a megsemmisített
fájlt.
Valójában: Az ext3 fájlrendszerek esetén csak data=journal módban érvényes a fenti
figyelmeztetés (és így a shred csak korlátozott hatékonyságú), amely a
fájladatokat is naplózza a metaadatokon kívül. Mind a data=ordered
(alapértelmezett) és data=writeback módokban a shred a szokásos módon működik.
Az Ext3 naplózási módjai megváltoztathatók a data=valami kapcsoló felvételével
egy adott fájlrendszer csatlakoztatási kapcsolói közé az /etc/fstab fájlban,
ahogyan az a mount kézikönyvoldalában dokumentálva van (man mount).
Végtelen B Egy szignál megszakította Érvénytelen visszahivatkozás érvénytelen karakterosztálynév Érvénytelen leválogatási karakter A \{\} tartalma érvénytelen Érvénytelen megelőző szabályos kifejezés Érvénytelen tartományvég Érvénytelen szabályos kifejezés VONAL Információt ír ki a FÁJLOKRÓL, alapértelmezésben az aktuális könyvtárról.
Ábécé sorrendbe rendezi a bejegyzéseket, ha nincs megadva a -cftuvSUX
vagy a --sort kapcsolók valamelyike.
Bejel. Bejelentkezési név: Ha egy hosszú kapcsolóhoz kötelező argumentumot megadni, akkor ez a
megfelelő rövid kapcsolónál is kötelező.
Memóriafoglalási hiba Elfogyott a memória NÉV Név A név vagy a szolgáltatás nem ismert Nincs cím társítva a gépnévhez Nincs találat Nincs megelőző szabályos kifejezés Helyreállíthatatlan névfeloldási hiba RENDBEN Csak egy karakterlánc adható meg az ismétlések összenyomása nélküli törlésnél. Rendezési lehetőségek:
A bemeneti fájlok szavai permutált indexének kiírása a kontextust is beleértve.
Kiírja a megfelelő shell parancsot az LS_COLOR környezeti
változó beállításához.
Kimeneti formátum megállapítása
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell Bourne shell kód az LS_COLORS beállításához
-c, --csh, --c-shell C shell kód az LS_COLORS beállításához
-p, --print-data-base alapértelmezés kiírása
A BEMENET rögzített méretű darabjainak kiírása az ELŐTAGaa, ELŐTAGab, ...;
fájlokba, az alapértelmezett méret az 1000, és az alapértelmezett ELŐTAG az
„x”. Ha a BEMENET nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
A FÁJL MINTÁK által elválasztott darabjait az „xx00”, „xx01”, ..., fájlokba
írja, valamint az egyes darabok bájtjai számát a szabványos kimenetre írja.
Kiírja, hogy a FÁJL szerint ki van bejelentkezve.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, akkor a %s fájlt használja.
A %s használata általános
A megadott FÁJLT többször egymás után felülírja, így még nagyon költséges
hardver megoldásokkal sem lehet könnyen visszaállítani az adatokat.
PID A FÁJLOK oldalakra tördelése vagy oszlopokba rendezése
nyomtatáshoz.
A Paraméter-karakterlánc kódolása nem megfelelő Jelszó: Terv:
A szabályos kifejezés túl korán véget ért Az ARGUMENTUMOK kiírása a FORMÁTUMNAK megfelelően vagy végrehajtásuk a
KAPCSOLÓNAK megfelelően:
Minden egyes FÁJL CRC ellenőrzőösszegének és bájtjai számának kiírása.
Kinyomtatja a NEVET a kezdő könyvtárösszetevő eltávolítása után.
Ha meg van adva, a záró UTÓTAGOT is eltávolítja.
Kiírja a NEVET az utolsó / összetevőjének eltávolítása után; ha a NÉV nem
tartalmaz „/” jeleket, akkor egy „.” lesz a kimenet (ami az aktuális
könyvtárat jelenti).
Bizonyos rendszerinformációkat ír ki. KAPCSOLÓ nélkül ugyanaz, mint a -s.
-a, --all az össze információ kiírása a következő sorrendben:
kivéve a -p és -i kihagyását, ha ismeretlenek:
-s, --kernel-name a kernel nevének kiírása
-n, --nodename a hálózati csomópont gépnevének kiírása
-r, --kernel-release a kernel kiadásának kiírása
A gép architektúrájának kiírása.
Számok kiírása az ELSŐTŐL az UTOLSÓIG, NÖVEKMÉNY lépésenként.
-f, --format=FORMÁTUM printf stílusú lebegőpontos FORMÁTUM használata
-s, --separator=KARAKTERLÁNC a KARAKTERLÁNC használata a számok
elválasztására (alapértelmezett: \n)
-w, --equal-width szélesség kiegyenlítése bevezető nullákkal való
kitöltéssel.
A terminál jellemzőinek kiírása vagy megváltoztatása.
-a, --all az összes aktuális beállítás kiírása ember által olvasható
formában.
-g, --save az összes aktuális beállítás kiírása az stty által
olvasható formában.
-F, --file=ESZKÖZ a megadott ESZKÖZ használata a szabványos bemenet helyett
Minden egyes FÁJL kiválasztott részeinek kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
A szabványos bemenetre kapcsolt terminál fájlnevének kiírása.
-s, --silent, --quiet nem ír ki semmit, csak a kilépési állapotot adja
vissza
Minden egyes FÁJL első 10 sorának kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
Több FÁJL esetén mindegyiket egy fejléc előzi meg, amely megadja a fájl nevét.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Az aktuális munkakönyvtár teljes fájlnevének kiírása.
Minden egyes FÁJL utolsó %d sorának kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
Több FÁJL esetén mindegyiket megelőzi egy fejléc, amely megadja a fájlnevet.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Az aktuális felhasználó nevének kiírása.
Az aktuális hatásos felhasználói azonosítóhoz társított felhasználónév kiírása.
Ugyanaz, mint az id -un.
Kérés feldolgozása folyamatban Projekt: A szabályos kifejezés túl nagy A FÁJLOK eltávolítása (unlink).
-f, --force nem létező fájlok figyelmen kívül hagyása, nem kérdez
-i kérdés minden eltávolítás előtt
A FORRÁST átnevezi a CÉLRA vagy több FORRÁST egy CÉLKÖNYVTÁRBA helyez át.
Az összes megadott KARAKTERLÁNCOT vagy az „y”-t tartalmazó sor ismételt
kiírása.
Kérés megszakítva A kérés nem lett megszakítva A PARANCS futtatása módosított nice értékkel, amely a folyamatütemezést érinti.
Ha a PARANCS nincs megadva, akkor az aktuális nice értéket írja ki. A nice
értékek a(z) %d (leginkább előnyben részesített) értéktől %d-ig (legkevésbé
előnyben részesített) terjednek.
-n, --adjustment=N az N egész szám hozzáadása a nice értékhez
(az alapértelmezett: 10)
A PARANCS futtatása a gyökérkönyvtár ÚJGYÖKÉRRE állításával.
A PARANCS futtatása a hangup szignálok figyelmen kívül
hagyásával.
Egy program futtatása másik biztonsági kontextusban.
Ha sem a KONTEXTUS, sem a PARANCS nincs megadva, akkor kiírja a jelenlegi
biztonsági kontextust.
KONTEXTUS Teljes biztonsági kontextus
-c, --compute folyamatátmeneti kontextus kiszámítása a módosítás előtt
-t, --type=TÍPUS típus (a szülővel egyező szerephez)
-u, --user=FELHASZNÁLÓ felhasználói személyazonosság
-r, --role=SZEREP szerep
-l, --range=TARTOMÁNY szinttartomány
Szignálok küldése folyamatoknak, vagy szignálok felsorolása
A Servname nem támogatott az ai_socktype-hoz Állítsd be az LC_ALL='C' -t a probléma megkerüléséhez. Parancsértelmező: Arról a fájlrendszerről jelenít meg adatokat, ahol a megadott FÁJLOK
találhatók, vagy alapértelmezésben minden fájlrendszerről.
Speciális fájlok létrehozásakor meg kell adni major és minor
eszközszámokat. Sikerült Összefoglalja minden FÁJL lemezhasználatát, könyvtárakra rekurzívan.
Rendszerhiba IDŐ Átmeneti névfeloldási hiba Az alábbi elhagyható jelölők követhetik a „%” jelet:
- (kötőjel) ne töltse ki a mezőt
_ (aláhúzás) kitöltés szóközökkel
0 (nulla) kitöltés nullákkal
^ nagybetűk használata, ha lehetséges
# ellentétes (nagy<->kis) betűk használata, ha lehetséges
Az alábbi kapcsolók a hierarchia bejárását módosítják, ha a -R kapcsoló
is meg van adva. Ha egynél több van megadva, akkor csak a legutolsó
fejti ki hatását.
-H ha egy parancssori argumentum szimbolikus link
egy könyvtárra, akkor bejárja
-L minden könyvtárra mutató szimbolikus link bejárása
-P ne járjon be egyetlen szimbolikus linket sem
(alapértelmezett)
Az összehasonlított karakterláncok: %s és %s. Záró visszaper További információkért adja ki a(z) „%s --help” parancsot.
Próbálja kiadni a(z) „%s ./%s” parancsot a(z) %s eltávolításához.
Fordításkor meg kell adni két karakterláncot. Ismeretlen hiba Ismeretlen rendszerhiba Pár nélküli ( vagy \( Pár nélküli ) vagy \) Pár nélküli [ vagy [^ Pár nélküli \{ Használat: %s PARANCS [ARG]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s KONTEXTUS PARANCS [argumentumok]
vagy: %s [ -c ] [-u FELHASZNÁLÓ] [-r SZEREP] [-t TÍPUS] [-l TARTOMÁNY]
PARANCS [argumentumok]
Használat: %s KIFEJEZÉS
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s FÁJL
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s FÁJL1 FÁJL2
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s FORMÁTUM [ARGUMENTUM]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s NÉV
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s NÉV [UTÓTAG]
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s SZÁM[UTÓTAG]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Szünet SZÁM másodpercre. Az UTÓTAG lehet „s” a másodpercekhez,
(alapértelmezett) „m” percekhez, „h” órákhoz vagy „d” napokhoz. A legtöbb
megvalósítással ellentétben, amelyek megkövetelik a SZÁM egész voltát, itt a
SZÁM egy tetszőleges lebegőpontos szám lehet. Két vagy több argumentum megadása esetén a szünet az értékeik összege által megadott időtartamig tart
Használat: %s KAPCSOLÓ... [FÁJL]...
Használat: %s [-s SZIGNÁL | -SZIGNÁL] PID...
vagy: %s -l [SZIGNÁL]...
vagy: %s -t [SZIGNÁL]...
Használat: %s [FÁJL]...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]
Használat: %s [NÉV]
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Az aktuális rendszer gépnevének kiíratása vagy beállítása.
Használat: %s [SZÁM]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s [OPERANDUS]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ] [PARANCS [ARG]...]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ] [FÁJL]
Teljesen rendezett lista kiírása a FÁJLBAN található részleges rendezéssel
összhangban. Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet
olvassa.
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... KONTEXTUS FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-u FELHASZNÁLÓ] [-r SZEREP] [-l TARTOMÁNY]
[-t TÍPUS] FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... --reference=REFERENCIAFÁJL FÁJL...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... KÖNYVTÁR...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FÁJL MINTA...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FÁJL...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FÁJL1 FÁJL2
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... CSOPORT FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... --reference=REFERENCIAFÁJL FÁJL...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... UTOLSÓ
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... ELSŐ UTOLSÓ
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... ELSŐ NÖVEKMÉNY UTOLSÓ
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... MÓD[,MÓD]... FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... OKTÁLIS-MÓD FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... --reference=REFERENCIAFÁJL FÁJL...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... NÉV TÍPUS [MAJOR MINOR]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ] NÉV...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... HALMAZ1 [HALMAZ2]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [ FÁJL | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [+FORMÁTUM]
vagy: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-T] FORRÁS CÉL
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FORRÁS... KÖNYVTÁR
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... -t KÖNYVTÁR FORRÁS...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-T] FORRÁS CÉL
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FORRÁS... KÖNYVTÁR
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... -t KÖNYVTÁR FORRÁS...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... -d KÖNYVTÁR...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-T] CÉL LINK_NEVE (1. alak)
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... CÉL (2. alak)
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... CÉL... KÖNYVTÁR (3. alak)
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... -t KÖNYVTÁR... CÉL... (4. alak)
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-] [NÉV=ÉRTÉK]... [PARANCS [ARG]...]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [-] [FELHASZNÁLÓ [ARGUMENTUM]...]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL]
vagy: %s -e [KAPCSOLÓ]... [ARG]...
vagy: %s -i LO-HI [KAPCSOLÓ]...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL]...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL]...
vagy: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FÁJL] [[+]ELTOLÁS[.][b]]
vagy: %s --traditional [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FÁJL] [[+]ELTOLÁS[.][b]
[+][CÍMKE][.][b]]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... --files0-from=F
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [BEMENET [KIMENET]]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [BEMENET]... (-G nélkül)
vagy: %s -G [KAPCSOLÓ]... [BEMENET [KIMENET]]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [TULAJDONOS] [:[CSOPORT] FÁJL...
vagy: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... --reference=REFERENCIAFÁJL FÁJL...
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [SABLON]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FELHASZNÁLÓNÉV]
Használat: %s [KAPCSOLÓ]... [FELHASZNÁLÓ]...
Használat: %s [KARAKTERLÁNC]...
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: %s [figyelmen kívül hagyott parancssori argumentumok]
vagy: %s KAPCSOLÓ
Használat: test KIFEJEZÉS
vagy: test
vagy: [ KIFEJEZÉS ]
vagy: [ ]
vagy: [ KAPCSOLÓ
Az érvényes argumentumok a következők: Az érvényes formátumsorozatok fájlrendszerekhez:
%a A nem rendszergazda számára elérhető szabad blokkok
%b Adatblokkok összesen a fájlrendszeren
%c Fájlcsomópontok összesen a fájlrendszeren
%d Szabad fájlcsomópontok a fájlrendszeren
%f Szabad blokkok a fájlrendszeren
%C SELinux biztonsági kontextus karakterlánc
FIGYELMEZTETÉS: körkörös könyvtárszerkezet.
Ez majdnem biztosan azt jelenti, hogy a fájlrendszer sérült.
ÉRTESÍTSD A RENDSZERGAZDÁT.
A következő könyvtár része a körnek:
%s
Figyelmeztetés: Mikor Hol Minden egyes FÁJL (alapértelmezésben a szabványos bemenet) bemeneti sorainak
tördelése és szabványos kimenetre írása.
A bemeneti sorok véletlen permutációjának kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
Minden egyes FÁJL kiírása a szabványos kimenetre, az utolsó sorral kezdve.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Minden egyes FÁJL kiírása a szabványos kimenetre, sorszámokkal ellátva.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Az egyes FÁJLOK sorozatban megfelelő soraiból álló sorok kiírása a
szabványos kimenetre, tabokkal elválasztva.
Ha a FÁJL nincs megadva, vagy -, akkor a szabványos bemenetet olvassa.
Az összes FÁJL rendezett konkatenációjának kiírása a szabványos kimenetre.
Írta %s és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, és mások.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
%s, és %s.
Írta %s, %s, %s,
és %s.
Írta %s, %s, és %s.
Írta %s.
[=c=] kifejezések nem jelenhetnek meg a 2. karakterláncban fordításkor ^[nN] ^[iIyY] ” „-%c” extra karakterek vagy érvénytelen szám a következő argumentumban:
%s „--pages=ELSŐ_OLDAL[:UTOLSÓ_OLDAL]” hiányzó argumentum „-N SZÁM” érvénytelen kezdő sorszám: %s „-W OLDAL_SZÉLESSÉG” érvénytelen karakterszám: %s „-l OLDALHOSSZ” érvénytelen sorszám: %s „-o MARGÓ” érvénytelen soreltolás: %s „-w OLDAL_SZÉLESSÉG” érvénytelen karakterszám: %s meg kell adni egy parancsot a módosítással %s elérése az ai_family nem támogatott az ai_socktype nem támogatott a(z) „%s” argumentum nem egyértelmű a következőhöz: „%s” bemeneti elhatároló csak mezőkön való működés esetén adható meg %s biztonsági mentése megsemmisítené a forrást; %s nem került másolásra %s biztonsági mentése megsemmisítené a forrást; %s nem került áthelyezésre biztonsági mentés típusa speciális blokkfájl a speciális blokkfájl nem támogatott mindkét fájl nem lehet a szabványos bemenet a(z) %s bájteltolás túl nagy nem alkalmazható részleges kontextus a(z) %s nem címkézett fájlra a kontextus nem dolgozható fel %s nem érhető el %s biztonsági mentése sikertelen nem lehet egyszerre összesítést kérni és minden bejegyzést megjeleníteni %s tulajdonosa nem változtatható meg nem lehet %s jogosultságait megváltoztatni a gyökérkönyvtár nem váltható át a következőre: %s nem lehet a következő könyvtárba lépni: %s nem lehet a gyökérkönyvtárba lépni a -e és -i kapcsolók nem kombinálhatók az {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} közül csak egy adható meg egyszerre a block és az unblock nem adható meg egyszerre az excl és a nocreat nem adható meg egyszerre az lcase és az ucase nem adható meg egyszerre a mód és a --reference kapcsolók nem kombinálhatók a szignál nem kombinálható a -l vagy -t kapcsolóval %s és %s fájlnevek nem hasonlíthatók össze nem lehet helyi karakterkészletbe átalakítani a következőt: U+%04X nem lehet a(z) U+%04X-t helyi karakterkészletbe átalakítani: %s %s könyvtárat nem lehet saját magába (%s) másolni %s körkörös szimbolikus link nem másolható nem lehet a következő könyvtárat létrehozni: %s %s fifo nem hozható létre %s hard link nem hozható létre a következőre: %s %s link nem hozható létre %s link nem hozható létre a következőre: %s %s reguláris fájl nem hozható létre %s speciális fájl nem hozható létre %s szimbolikus link nem hozható létre %s szimbolikus link nem hozható létre a következőre: %s %s nem követhető %s eszközét és inode-ját nem lehet megállapítani a gépnév nem határozható meg nem végezhető ioctl a következőn: %s nem található a név a(z) %lu csoportazonosítóhoz nem található a név a(z) %lu felhasználói azonosítóhoz %s nem követhető név szerint a cél kontextusa nem kényszeríthető a következőre: %s és nem és őrizhető meg fstat %s sikertelen aktuális könyvtár beolvasása sikertelen nem kérhető le a nice érték nem kérhető le a rendszer neve lseek %s sikertelen nem lehet egyszerre hard linket és szimbolikus linket létrehozni %s könyvtár nem hozható létre %s-t nem lehet ide áthelyezni: %s %s-t nem lehet egy saját alkönyvtárába (%s) áthelyezni a könyvtárat nem lehet nem könyvtárba áthelyezni: %s -> %s %s nem nyitható meg olvasásra %s nem nyitható meg olvasásra nem lehet a következő könyvtárat megnyitni: %s nem lehet dolgozni a(z) %s törött szimbolikus linken %s könyvtárat nem írható felül nem könyvtárral %s nem könyvtár; nem írható felül %s könyvtárral a formázott kiírás nem hajtható végre a biztonsági kontextus nem őrizhető meg SELinux-képes rendszermag nélkül nem írható ki „csak” több választás csak nevek vagy valódi azonosítók nem írhatók ki az alapértelmezett formátumban a biztonsági kontextus nem írható ki, ha meg van adva felhasználó a következő könyvtár nem olvasható: %s nem olvashatók fájlnevek a következőből: %s nem lehet fájlrendszer-információkat beolvasni a következőhöz: %s a valósidejű óra nem olvasható %s szimbolikus link nem olvasható a csatolt fájlrendszerek táblája nem olvasható %s nem törölhető nem lehet újrapozicionálni %s fájlmutatóját nem állítható be a dátum a csoportazonosító nem állítható be a csoportazonosító nem állítható be a következőre: %lu a csoportok nem állíthatók be a gépnév nem állítható be; ebből a rendszerből hiányzik ez a funkcionalitás a név nem állítható be a következőre: %s nem állítható be a nice érték %s időbélyegei nem állíthatók be a felhasználói azonosító nem állítható be a felhasználói azonosító nem állítható be a következőre: %lu nem lehet a kombinált bemenet elhagyott végére ugrani az idők nem adhatók meg több forrásból egynél több módon nem lehet darabolni stat %s sikertelen nem lehet az aktuális könyvtárat elérni (most %s) %s elérése sikertelen %s biztonsági mentése nem állítható vissza %s törlése sikertelen a kernelhiba nem kerülhető meg %s csoportja megváltoztatva a következőre: %s
%s tulajdonosa megváltoztatva a következőre: %s
%s csoportjának megváltoztatása %s tulajdonosának megváltoztatása %s jogosultságainak megváltoztatása karaktereltolás nulla tartományon kívüli karakter speciális karakterfájl a speciális karakterfájl nem támogatott %s jogosultságainak törlése óraváltozás a lezárás meghiúsult %s lezárása %s lezárása (fd=%d) %s könyvtár bezárása %s bemeneti fájl lezárása %s kimeneti fájl lezárása a szabványos bemenet lezárása ütköző üres-mező helyettesítési karakterlánc ütköző biztonságikontextus-meghatározót adott meg nem hozható létre folyamat a következőhöz: %s -d nem hozható létre ideiglenes fájl nem hajtható végre: %s nem hajtható végre: %s -d nem található megegyező i-node-dal rendelkező könyvtárbejegyzés a következőben:
%s a rendszerindítás ideje nem kérhető le %s könyvtár létrejött %s könyvtár létrehozása %s fájl létrehozása
%s hard link létrehozása %s hard link létrehozása a következőre: %s hard link létrehozása a következőre: %.0s%s %s szimbolikus link létrehozása %s szimbolikus link létrehozása a következőre: %s az elválasztólista nem escapelt visszaperre végződik: %s könyvtár osztás nullával a dup2 meghiúsult üres fájlnév üres tab hiba a fájl lezárásakor hiba a szabályos kifejezés illesztésében hiba a szabályos kifejezés keresésében hiba %s olvasása közben hiba %s írása közben kilép= extra argumentum: %s extra operandus: „%s” extra operandus: %s
a(z) %s extra operandus nem engedélyezett a -%c kapcsolóval %s kontextusának megváltoztatása meghiúsult a következőre: %s %s csoportjának megváltoztatása sikertelen a következőre: %s
%s jogosultságainak megváltoztatása sikertelen a következőre: %04lo (%s)
%s tulajdonosának megváltoztatása meghiúsult
%s tulajdonosának megváltoztatása sikertelen a következőre: %s
a következő könyvtárba lépés meghiúsult: %s az új kontextus kiszámítása meghiúsult a könyvtár létrehozása meghiúsult a következő sablon használatával: %s a fájl létrehozása meghiúsult a következő sablon használatával: %s a biztonsági kontextus létrehozása meghiúsult: %s %s attribútumainak beolvasása sikertelen a jelenlegi kontextus lekérése meghiúsult a fájlrendszer létrehozási kontextusának lekérése meghiúsult a jelenlegi folyamat csoportjainak lekérése meghiúsult %s felhasználó csoportjainak lekérése meghiúsult %s biztonsági kontextusának lekérése meghiúsult %s fájl kikeresése meghiúsult %s megnyitása meghiúsult %s szerzőjének megtartása meghiúsult %s tulajdonosának megtartása meghiúsult %s jogosultságainak megtartása sikertelen %s időinek megtartása meghiúsult a szabványos hibakimenet átirányítása meghiúsult %s eltávolítása meghiúsult a(z) %s könyvtár eltávolítása meghiúsult az alapértelmezett fájllétrehozási kontextus visszaállítása meghiúsult a visszatérés meghiúsult a kiinduló munkakönyvtárba a(z) %s biztonsági kontextus összetevőjének beállítása meghiúsult a következőre: %s az alapértelmezett fájllétrehozási kontextus beállítása meghiúsult a következőre: %s %s új tartomány beállítása meghiúsult %s új szerep beállítása meghiúsult %s új típus beállítása meghiúsult %s új felhasználó beállítása meghiúsult a kiegészítő csoportok beállítása meghiúsult a szabványos hibakimenet másolatának beállítása meghiúsult „bezárás
végrehajtáskor” módra %s biztonsági kontextusának beállítása meghiúsult a következőre: %s %s elérése meghiúsult az fdatasync meghiúsult a következőhöz: %s az fflush meghiúsult a(z) %s mezőszám túl nagy a mezőszám nulla a mezők és pozíciók számozása 1-től kezdődik fifo %s típusú fájlrendszer ki is van jelölve, de figyelmen kívül is van hagyva a fork() rendszerhívás sikertelen a formátum-karakterlánc nem használható egyenlő szélességű
karakterláncok kiírásakor az fsync meghiúsult a következőhöz: %s az fts_read sikertelen getpass: a /dev/tty nem nyitható meg %s új attribútumainak beolvasása %s csoportja maradt %s
az iconv függvény nem érhető el az iconv függvény nem használható id= minden argumentum figyelmen kívül marad bemenet figyelmen kívül hagyása bemenet figyelmen kívül hagyása és kimenet hozzáfűzése a következőhöz: %s bemenet figyelmen kívül hagyása és a szabványos hibakimenet átirányítása
a szabványos kimenetre a TABSIZE környezeti változóban megadott érvénytelen tabulátorméret
figyelmen kívül hagyása: %s a QUOTING_STYLE környezeti változóban megadott érvénytelen érték
figyelmen kívül hagyása: %s a COLUMNS környezeti változóban megadott érvénytelen szélesség
figyelmen kívül hagyása: %s a nem kapcsoló argumentumok figyelmen kívül marad inkompatibilis összekapcsolási mezők: %lu, %lu nem kompatibilis tabok helytelen jelszó a bemenet eltűnt a bemeneti sor túl hosszú eszközközi áthelyezés sikertelen:
%s --> %s; cél törlése sikertelen érvénytelen %s%s argumentum: „%s” érvénytelen módosítás: %s érvénytelen argumentum: %s a(z) „%s” argumentum érvénytelen a következőhöz: %s érvénytelen törzsszámozási stílus: %s érvénytelen bájt- vagy mezőlista a(z) %c karakter érvénytelen a(z) %s típus-karakterláncban érvénytelen karakterosztály: %s érvénytelen kontextus: %s érvénytelen átalakítás az utótagból hiányzik az átalakítás meghatározása: %c az utótagból hiányzik az átalakítás meghatározása: \%.3o érvénytelen dátum: %s érvénytelen dátumformátum: %s érvénytelen csökkenő tartomány érvénytelen eszköz %s %s érvénytelen eszköztípus: %s érvénytelen mezőszám: %s érvénytelen mezőmeghatározás: %s érvénytelen mezőszélesség: %s érvénytelen mezőszám a mezőspecifikációban: %s érvénytelen lebegőpontos argumentum: %s érvénytelen láblécszámozási stílus: %s érvénytelen formátumú pontosság érvénytelen formátumú szélesség érvénytelen résszélesség: %s érvénytelen csoport érvénytelen csoport: %s érvénytelen csoport: %s érvénytelen fejlécszámozási stílus: %s érvénytelen bemenet érvénytelen bemeneti jelölő érvénytelen bemeneti tartomány: %s érvénytelen egész: %s érvénytelen egész argumentum: %s érvénytelen sorszám: %s érvénytelen vonalmódszer: %s érvénytelen sorszámmező szélesség: %s érvénytelen sorszámnövekmény: %s érvénytelen sorszámozási formátum: %s érvénytelen sorhossz: %s érvénytelen major eszközszám: %s érvénytelen maximális mélység: %s érvénytelen minor eszközszám: %s érvénytelen mód érvénytelen mód: %s érvénytelen mód: %s érvénytelen szám: %s érvénytelen szám a „,” után érvénytelen szám a „-” után érvénytelen szám a „.” után érvénytelen szám a mező kezdeténél érvénytelen üressorszám: %s érvénytelen bájtszám az összehasonlítandó bájtok száma érvénytelen a kihagyandó bájtok száma érvénytelen érvénytelen oszlopszám: %s a kihagyandó mezők száma érvénytelen érvénytelen sorszám érvénytelen sorszám: 0 érvénytelen kapcsoló -- %c a(z) -- %c kapcsoló érvénytelen; a -WIDTH csak akkor ismerhető fel, ha az az
első kapcsoló; használja helyette a -w N kapcsolót „%c” érvénytelen kimeneti cím alap; a [doxn] karakterek egyikének kell lennie érvénytelen kimeneti jelölő érvénytelen pontosság: %s érvénytelen tartomány végpont nélkül: - %s ismétlési szám érvénytelen a [c*n] szerkezetben érvénytelen meghatározás érvénytelen kezdősorszám: %s érvénytelen állapotjelölő érvénytelen utótag a(z) %s%s argumentumban: „%s” érvénytelen tabulátorméret: %s érvénytelen sablon, a(z) %s könyvtárelválasztót tartalmaz érvénytelen sablon, a(z) %s a --tmpdir használatakor nem lehet abszolút érvénytelen időtartam: %s érvénytelen időformátum stílus: %s érvénytelen bevezető kapcsoló -- %c érvénytelen típus-karakterlánc: %s érvénytelen típus-karakterlánc: %s
ez a rendszer nem biztosít %lu bájtos lebegőpontos típust érvénytelen típus-karakterlánc: %s
ez a rendszer nem biztosít %lu bájtos egész típust érvénytelen univerzális karakternév: \%c%0*x érvénytelen felhasználó érvénytelen felhasználó: %s érvénytelen szélesség: %s érvénytelen sortörésméret: %s érvénytelen nulla hosszúságú fájlnév veszélyes rekurzívan dolgozni a következőn: %s veszélyes rekurzívan dolgozni a következőn: %s (ugyanaz, mint %s) utolsó= kezdő „-” jel a(z) %s fájlnév összetevőjében a(z) %1$lu korlát átlépve a(z) %3$s fájlnév %2$lu hossza által a(z) %1$lu korlát átlépve a(z) %3$s fájlnévösszetevő %2$lu hossza által a -%s%c... sorszámolási kapcsoló túl nagy a(z) %s sorszám kisebb, mint a megelőző sorszám (%s) sorszámtúlcsordulás elfogyott a memória üzenetsor hibásan igazított [:upper:] és/vagy [:lower:] szerkezet az utótagból hiányzik a %% átalakítási meghatározás hiányzó „]” a(z) %s utáni argumentum hiányzik a(z) %s argumentuma hiányzik hiányzó karakterosztály-név: „[::]” az utótagból hiányzik az átalakítás meghatározása hiányzik a célfájl-operandus a következő után: %s hiányzó egyenlőségosztály-karakter: „[==]” hiányzó fájloperandus hiányzó hexadecimális érték az escape-ben a mezőlista hiányzik a pozíciólista hiányzik hiányzó operandus a(z) „%s” operandusa hiányzik a mód csak fájljogosultságbiteket adhat meg %s jogosultságai megváltoztatva a következőre: %04lo (%s)
%s jogosultsága a következő maradt: %04lo (%s)
többkarakteres tab: %s több -i kapcsolót adott meg több -l vagy -t kapcsolót adott meg több tömörítőprogram van megadva több szinttartomány több kimeneti fájl van megadva több kimeneti formátum van megadva több véletlen forrás van megadva több szerep több kimeneti célkönyvtár van megadva több típus több felhasználó a szimbolikus link (%s) és az általa hivatkozott fájl egyaránt változatlan
nincs SHELL változó beállítva és nem adtad meg a shell típusát %s tulajdonosa nem változott meg
nincs megadva parancs nem került feldolgozásra fájlrendszer nem maradtak fájlok nincs bejelentkezési név nincs megadva folyamatazonosító nem adható meg típus karakterláncok kiíratásakor nincs megadva felhasználói név; legalább egyet meg kell adni
a -l használatakor nem hordozható karakter (%s) a(z) %s fájlnévben nem tty nincs írás a(z) %s törött szimbolikus linken keresztül a szám túl nagy a következőben: %s bájtok száma sorok száma eltolástúlcsordulás a(z) %s fájl olvasása közben %s könyvtár kihagyása csak egy [c*] ismétlési szerkezet jelenhet meg a 2. karakterláncban csak egyetlen eszköz adható meg csak egy listatípus adható meg a megnyitás meghiúsult %s megnyitása a kapcsoló érvénytelen kontextusban került felhasználásra: -- %c a következő kapcsolók inkompatibilisak: „-%s” %s tulajdonosa megtartva
%s tulajdonosa maradt %s
az oldalszélesség túl keskeny %s jogosultságainak megtartása %s összes idejének megtartása az összes kettőzött sor és az ismétlődések kiírása értelmetlen a(z) „%s-%s” tartományvégpontok fordított rendezési sorrendben vannak olvasási hiba az olvasás meghiúsult %s olvasása %s könyvtár olvasása a rekord túl nagy szabályos üres fájl szabályos fájl %s törölve
%s könyvtár törölve
%s könyvtár törlése futási szint szemafor az elválasztó nem lehet üres %s jelölőinek beállítása %s jogosultságainak beállítása %s idejének beállítása megosztott memóriaobjektum a kihagyandó és beolvasandó bájtok összege túl nagy %s kihagyása, mivel másik eszközön van %s fájl kihagyása, mivel kicserélték másolás közben foglalat szabványos hibakimenet szabványos bemenet a szabványos bemenet le van zárva szabványos kimenet az elérés meghiúsult véletlen karakter a mezőspecifikációban karakterlánc-összehasonlítás sikertelen a karakterlánc-átalakítás sikertelen A strip folyamat hibával fejeződött be el nem határolt sorok elnyomásának csak mezőkön
való működés esetén van értelme szimbolikus link szintaktikai hiba a tabméret nem lehet 0 a tabméret érvénytelen karaktereket tartalmaz: %s a tabméreteknek növekedniük kell a tab méret túl nagy: %s a tab méret túl nagy a tabok túl messze vannak egymástól a megadott cél (%s) nem könyvtár könyvtár telepítésénél nem engedélyezett a célkönyvtár term= test és/vagy [ a --binary és --text kapcsolók értelmetlenek ellenőrzőösszegek ellenőrzésekor a --status kapcsoló csak ellenőrzőösszegek ellenőrzésekor értelmes a --warn kapcsoló csak ellenőrzőösszegek ellenőrzésekor értelmes a [c*] szerkezet a 2. karakterláncban csak fordításkor jelenhet meg a [c*] ismétlési szerkezet nem jelenhet meg az 1. karakterláncban az elhatárolónak egyetlen karakternek kell lennie a bőbeszédű és az stty-által olvasható kimeneti stílusok
két egymást kölcsönösen kizáró kapcsoló a dircolors belső adatbázisának kilistázása és a shell szintaxis
kiíratása két egymást kölcsönösen kizáró kapcsoló az idő kiíratására és beállítására használt kapcsolók nem használhatók együtt a dátumok megadására a kiíratáshoz használt kapcsolók egymást kölcsönösen kizárják könyvtár telepítésénél nem használható a „strip” kapcsoló a(z)%s időpont kívül esik a tartományon a(z) %s felhasználói azonosító használatához a -g kapcsolót is használnia kell túl kevés X a következő sablonban: %s túl sok %% átalakítási meghatározás van az utótagban túl sok karakter a halmazban túl sok ismétlődő sor túl sok sablon összesen típusos memóriaobjektum az aktuális munkakönyvtár feljegyzése meghiúsult %s biztonsági kontextus nem állítható be ismeretlen bináris operátor ismeretlen felhasználói azonosító: %s az LS_COLORS környezeti változó értéke nem értelmezhető ismeretlen operandus: %s ismeretlen előtag: %s a --no-preserve-root kapcsoló használatával ez a hibamentes mód felülbírálható a(z) %s felhasználó nem létezik a(z) %s korlátozott parancsértelmező használata várakozás a következőre: %s [-d] várakozás a strip programra figyelmeztetés: %s: a karakteres állandót követő karakterek
figyelmen kívül maradtak figyelmeztetés: %s: nem módosítható a kontextus a következőre: %s figyelmeztetés: ez a rendszer nem támogatja a --pid=PID kapcsolót figyelmeztetés: a --retry elsősorban név szerinti követés esetén hasznos figyelmeztetés: a PID figyelmen kívül marad; a --pid=PID csak követés
esetén hasznos figyelmeztetés: a „touch %s” elavult; helyette használja a
„touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d” alakot. figyelmeztetés: a karakterlánc végén a nem escape-elt fordított osztásjel
nem portolható figyelmeztetés: fordított osztásjel a formátum végén figyelmeztetés: nem lehet a következő könyvtárba lépni: %s figyelmeztetés: a(z) %s nem távolítható el figyelmeztetés: a szabványos bemenet korlátlan követése nem hatékony figyelmeztetés: a többletargumentumok figyelmen kívül maradnak,
a következőtől kezdve: %s figyelmeztetés: érvénytelen fájleltolás a meghiúsult olvasás után figyelmeztetés: %lu szélesség érvénytelen, helyette %d kerül felhasználásra figyelmeztetés: a(z) %s sorszám azonos a megelőző sorszámmal figyelmeztetés: %s forrásfájl többször is meg van adva figyelmeztetés: az összesítés kérése ütközik a --max-depth=%lu kapcsolóval figyelmeztetés: az összesítés megegyezik a --max-depth=0 kapcsoló használatával figyelmeztetés: a nem egyértelmű oktális \%c%c%c sorozat
a következőképpen lesz értelmezve: \0%c%c, %c figyelmeztetés: fel nem ismert védés `\%c' figyelmeztetés: lseek kernel hiba kivédése a következő fájlnál:
%s (mt_type=0x%0lx)
A fájlban megtalálod a típusok listáját szokatlan fájl a halmaz1 csonkításakor a 2. karakterlánc nem lehet üres fájlnevek szabványos bemenetről való olvasásakor a(z) %s fájlnév nem engedélyezett egy kimeneti stílus megadásakor nem állíthatók be módok kiegészítő karakterosztályokkal való fordításkor a 2. karakterláncnak
a tartomány összes karakterét egyre kell leképeznie fordításkor a 2. karakterláncban csak az „upper” és a „lower”
karakterosztályok jelenhetnek meg a(z) %s nem kerül átmásolásra az imént létrehozott %s szimbolikus linken keresztül %2$s könyvtárra mutató %1$s hard link nem lesz létrehozva az éppen létrehozott %s-t nem fogom felülírni ezzel: %s a --parents használatakor a cél könyvtár kell legyen íráshiba írási hiba a következőhöz: %s az írás meghiúsult %s írása írás a következőbe: %s meg kell adnia a -c, -t, -u, -l, -r egyikét vagy a kontextust bájtok, karakterek vagy mezők listáját kell megadnod PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks %s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % %+% beolvasott rekord
%+% kiírt rekord
% levágott rekord
% levágott rekord
% bájt (%s) másolva % bájt (%s) másolva Az eltolás túl nagy: nem lehet seek=% (%lu bájt) blokk
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) / 7 & ; b s < 9 + N F z ) ! & $ " K . n ! * H > 3 # r " ! < ) 1 B 9 t = 3 2 S p # ( & + . 1 ` 7 ~ # " % 8 ^ x 2 $ & / . N 3 } + 8 3 K _ x ! 6 3 ! M o * # ' K _ n # # 7 & : a r # ) ( ! C ) e ) ( " 1 K % } + , . 0 . _ " 5 5 3 Q r + + & & / 0 ` w & 2 + F ; !
$ : > y ( ~ &
* D b 1 ? # ' K ^ s # / B ` y ! ) > ^ k { ) & (
E S d v ! 9 Q l & 3 : G * + : : D u + 4 K g " " ' " ( ; ' d # $ # ) + 2 U * 7 ( ( ` ! %
. = T " l - B # b & 1 E Y _ p 5 K ^ n 0 % " & ! F h $ 0 B % h ~ Q . + 0 < \ ; K @ ! b K q 2 / ; D K A d 0 ' I ; M 4 J d 4 Y I |
O p S u M ] 3 k G o 9 t [ ~ + H ` _ - / L 7 h Q C | n 1 $ 1 e 9 @ = S 8 h ! U n @ g , D ) ; l / . F
v 6 X @ . j s F a Y [ y l 1 y j \ < " K $ G C T $ P J & " H 7 P
k 6 p W m ] H V R * ? i [ w I U o : = = > b ) V E %
* v z D < s ; % % U Z ^ M T & 5 z G . a 3 ^ { 2 f ` x r N A R k 0 t q ? y E i E h x b ! F c : m 9 0 N } i Y O b a _ B Q 3 2 B s " t r L 6 q - > ? } ^ ` , _ A c ' o - ( e X } x { * f 2 f ~ W # g ) r ' 5 V L C w d { g ( n ] 4 # : 8 w ( # O B D Z c 7 u > z ~ R | e u + , T K l 8 P q & j 5 \ \ v
N
p ! < K / W Q J + S m X Z D8 p8 8 8 8 8 8 9
1 / ! V
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% %S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
direct use direct I/O for data
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
nofollow do not follow symlinks
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) ??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old %.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has unknown file type %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: No such user %s: binary operator expected %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: error truncating %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: file has negative size %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid directive %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: write error ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) , load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Bus error CPU time limit exceeded Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Dmitry V. Levin Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
F. Pinard FAILED File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Floating point exception General help using GNU software:
H. Peter Anvin I/O possible Ian Lance Taylor Idle Illegal instruction In real life: Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Ordering options:
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print machine architecture.
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the name of the current user.
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Regular expression too big Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Valid arguments are: Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead Warning: When Where Window changed Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
^[nN] ^[yY] ` a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backup type block special file both files cannot be standard input can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot read directory %s cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot run %s cannot set date cannot set groups cannot set name to %s cannot specify times from more than one source cannot stat %s cannot touch %s cannot watch %s changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character out of range character special file clearing permissions for %s close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file couldn't create temporary file created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name error closing file error initializing month strings error reading %s error writing %s extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring non-option arguments incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid trailing option -- %c invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s memory exhausted message queue missing `]' missing argument after %s missing destination file operand after %s missing file operand missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multiple -l or -t options specified multiple delimiters specified multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple target directories specified no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no process ID specified nonportable character %s in file name %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines omitting directory %s only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout string comparison failed string transformation failed symbolic link syntax error system boot target %s is not a directory term= the delimiter must be a single character the strings compared were %s and %s the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range too few X's in template %s too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unknown binary operator unknown stream unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once weird file when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-24 17:20+0200
Last-Translator: Sergiu Bivol
Language-Team: Romanian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n==1 ? 0 : (n==0 || (n%100 > 0 && n%100 <20)) ? 1 : 2;
X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0
Un simplu - implică -i. Fără COMANDĂ tipărește mediul rezultant.
BLOCURI și OCTEȚI pot fi urmate de următoarele sufixe multiplicative:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, și așa mai departe pentru T, P, E, Z, Y.
Fiecare simbol CONV poate fi:
Fiecare REGIM are forma „[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+”.
Exemple:
%s f - g Arată conținutul lui f, apoi intrarea standard, apoi conținutul lui g.
%s Copiază intrarea standard spre ieșirea standard.
Exemple:
%s root /u Schimbă proprietarul lui /u la „root”.
%s root:staff /u Asemenea, dar schimbă și grupul la „staff”.
%s -hR root /u Schimbă proprietarul lui /u și al subdosarelor la „root”.
Exemple:
%s staff /u Schimbă grupul lui /u la „staff”.
%s -hR staff /u Schimbă grupul lui /u și al subdosarelor la „staff”.
Dacă nu este dată nicio comandă, execută „${SHELL} -i” (implicit: /bin/sh).
Licența GPLv3+: GNU GPL versiunea 3 sau ulterioară .
Acesta este software liber: sînteți liber să-l modificați și să-l redistribuiți.
Nu există NICIO GARANȚIE, în limitele prevăzute de lege.
Rețineți, comparările respectă regulile specificate de „LC_COLLATE”.
Raportați erorile %s la %s
Raportați erorile la: %s
Fără FIȘIER, sau cînd FIȘIER e -, citește intrarea standard.
??? --no-preserve-root nu trata „/” deosebit (implicit)
--preserve-root eșuează la operarea recursivă pe „/”
Dimens Utilizat Liber Uz% Inoduri IUtilizat ILiber IUz% Dimens Utiliz Liber Uz% %S secundă (00..60)
%t un tabulator
%T ora; identic cu %H:%M:%S
%u ziua săptămînii (1..7); 1 e Luni
%k oră ( 0..23)
%l oră ( 1..12)
%m lună (01..12)
%M minut (00..59)
--output-delimiter=ȘIR separă coloanele cu ȘIR
--userspec=UTILIZATOR:GRUP specifică utilizatorul și grupul (ID sau nume) de utilizat
--groups=LISTĂ_G specifică grupuri suplimentare ca g1,g2,..,gN
-c, --no-create nu crea niciun fișier
-t echivalent cu -vT
-T, --show-tabs afișează caracterele TAB ca ^I
-u (ignorat)
-v, --show-nonprinting utilizează notația ^ și M-, în afară de LFD și TAB
-t, --text citește în regim textual (implicit)
binary utilizează I/E binară pentru date
cio utilizează I/E concurentă pentru date
direct utilizează I/E directă pentru date
nocreat nu crea fișierul de ieșire
excl eșuează dacă fișierul de ieșire există deja
notrunc nu trunchia fișierul de ieșire
ucase schimbă minusculele în majuscule
swab interschimbă fiecare pereche de octeți de intrare
nofollow nu urma legăturile simbolice
text utilizează I/E textuală pentru date
%4s-blocuri Utilizat Disponibil Uz%% %H:%M%P blocuri %s Utilizat Disponibil Capacitate (rezervă: %s) ??:???? Montat pe
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu grupuri= vechi %.*s: specificare de conversie nevalidă %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu utilizator %lu utilizatori %lu de utilizatori %s %s și %s sînt unul și același fișier %s există dar nu este un dosar %s a devenit accesibil %s a devenit inaccesibil %s are un tip de fișier necunoscut Pagina oficială %s: <%s>
Pagina oficială %s:
%s nu este un întreg pozitiv valid %s este prea mare %s: %s este atît de mare încît nu poate fi reprezentat %s: %s: număr linie în afara intervalului %s: %s: nicio potrivire găsită %s: Nu există un asemenea utilizator %s: operator binar așteptat %s: dosarul nu se poate suprascrie %s: nu se poate căuta %s: nu se poate căuta la decalajul %s %s: nu se poate sări %s: nu se poate sări la decalajul specificat %s: descindeți în dosarul %s? %s: descindeți în dosarul protejat la scriere %s? %s: sfîrșit de fișier %s: eroare la trunchiere %s: se aștepta o valoare numerică %s: eșec la închidere %s: eșec la deschiderea pentru scriere %s: eșec la eliminare %s: fcntl eșuat %s: fișierul are dimensiune nevalidă %s: fișier prea mare %s: fișier prea lung %s: fișier trunchiat %s: fstat eșuat %s: fișierul de intrare este fișier de ieșire %s: se așteaptă întreg după delimitator %s: PID nevalid %s: directivă nevalidă %s: dimensiune de fișier nevalidă %s: tip de fișier nevalid %s: număr nevalid %s: număr de octeți nevalid %s: număr de linii nevalid %s: număr de secunde nevalid %s: opțiune nevalidă -- „%c”
%s: model nevalid %s: identificator de proces nevalid %s: expresie regulată nevalidă: %s %s: semnal nevalid %s: numărul liniei trebuie să fie mai mare ca zero %s: număr linie în afara intervalului %s: semnale multiple specificate %s: noile permisiuni sînt %s, nu %s %s: nu se face lista dosarului deja făcută %s: numărul de octeți e prea mare %s: opțiunea „%c%s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „%s” e ambiguă
%s: opțiunea „--%s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „-W %s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „-W %s” e ambiguă
%s: opțiunea cere un argument -- „%c”
%s: suprascrieți %s? %s: eroare de citire %s: eliminați %s %s? %s: eliminați toate argumentele recursiv? %s: eliminați toate argumentele? %s: eliminat %s: eliminare %s: redenumit în %s %s: înlocuiți %s? %s: operator unar așteptat %s: opțiune necunoscută „%c%s”
%s: opțiune necunoscută „--%s”
%s: eroare de scriere ” „)” așteptat „)” așteptat, %s găsit (C) , încărcare medie: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--reflink poate fi utilizat numai cu --sparse=auto -R --dereference necesită fie -H, fie -L -R -h cere -P -ef nu acceptă -l -nt nu acceptă -l -ot nu acceptă -l ???
????? Abandonat Familie de adrese pentru gazdă nesusținută Toate argumentele obligatorii pentru opțiuni lungi sînt obligatorii pentru opțiuni scurte
Toate cererile terminate Tampon prea mic pentru argumente Arnold Robbins Apel de sistem greșit Valoare greșită pentru ai_flags Brian Fox Eroare de magistrală S-a depășit limita de timp CPU Chet Ramey Copilul s-a închis Colin Plumb Compară fișierele sortate FIȘIER1 și FIȘIER2 linie cu linie.
Concatenează FIȘIER(e) sau intrarea standard spre ieșirea standard.
-A, --show-all echivalent cu -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numerotează liniile rezultante nevide
-e echivalent cu -vE
-E, --show-ends afișează $ la sfîrșitul fiecărei linii
-n, --number numerotează toate liniile rezultante
-s, --squeeze-blank suprimă liniile rezultante vide repetate
Continuat Copiază SURSĂ la DESTINAȚIE, sau multiple SURSE în DOSAR.
Copiază un fișier, convertind și formatînd conform operanzilor.
bs=OCTEȚI citește și scrie OCTEȚI octeți odată (vezi și ibs=,obs=)
cbs=OCTEȚI convertește OCTEȚI octeți odată
conv=CONV convertește fișierul conform listei de simboluri separate prin virgulă
count=BLOCURI copiază numai BLOCURI blocuri de intrare
ibs=OCTEȚI citește OCTEȚI octeți odată (implicit: 512)
Creează DOSAR(ele), dacă acestea nu există deja.
Creează fișierul special DENUMIRE de tip TIP.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Dosar: Dmitrii V. Levin Imită ȘIR(uri) spre ieșirea standard.
-n nu afișa linia nouă finală
François Pinard EȘUAT S-a depășit limita de dimensiune a fișierului Sistem de fișiere Sistem de fiș. Tip Excepție de virgulă mobilă Ajutor general la utilizarea aplicațiilor GNU:
H. Peter Anvin I/E posibile Ian Lance Taylor Inactiv Instrucțiune ilegală În viața reală: Întrerupe Întrerupt de un semnal Conținut nevalid al \{\} Expresie regulată precedentă nevalidă Sfîrșit nevalid de domeniu Expresie regulată nevalidă James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Omorît LINIE Autentificare Nume de autentificare: Argumentele obligatorii pentru opțiuni lungi sînt obligatorii și pentru opțiunile scurte.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Eșec la alocarea memoriei Memorie epuizată Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker Nume Nume sau serviciu necunoscut Nicio adresă asociată cu numele gazdei Nicio potrivire Nicio expresie regulată anterioară Eșec nerecuperabil la rezolvarea numelui OK Opțiuni de ordonare:
PID Împachetat de %s
Împachetat de %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Șirul parametrului e codificat greșit Parolă: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Pană de curent Sfîrșit prematur al expresiei regulate Tipărește suma de verificare CRC și numărul de octeți al fiecărui FIȘIER.
Tipărește arhitectura mașinii.
Tipărește fragmente alese de linie din fiecare FIȘIER pe ieșirea standard.
Tipărește denumirea completă a dosarului de lucru curent.
Tipărește numele utilizatorului curent.
Tipărește valoarea unei legături simbolice sau denumiri de fișier canonice
Prelucrare cerere în curs Proiect: Q. Frank Xia Termină Randy Smith Semnal în timp real %d Expresie regulată prea mare Redenumește SURSĂ în DEST, sau mută SURSĂ în DOSAR.
Raportați erorile %s la: %s
Cerere anulată Cerere neanulată Resursă pierdută Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Rulează COMANDĂ cu dosarul rădăcină stabilit la RĂDĂCINĂNOUĂ.
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Trimite semnale către procese sau enumeră semnalele.
Nume de server nesuportat pentru ai_socktype Stabiliți LC_ALL='C' pentru a evita problema. Interpretor: Arată informații despre sistemul de fișiere pe care rezidă fiecare FIȘIER
sau implicit toate sistemele de fișiere.
Simon Josefsson Fișierele speciale necesită numere de dispozitiv majore și minore. Oprit Oprit (semnal) Oprit (intrare tty) Oprit (ieșire tty) Stuart Kemp Succes Sumarizează utilizarea discului de către fiecare FIȘIER, recursiv pentru dosare.
Eroare de sistem Eroare temporară la rezolvarea numelui Terminat Următoarele opțiuni modifică traversarea unei ierarhii cînd este specificată
și opțiunea -R. Dacă este specificată mai mult de una, numai cea finală
are efect.
-H dacă un argument în linia de comandă este o legătură
simbolică la un dosar, traverseaz-o
-L traversează fiecare legătură simbolică la un dosar
întîlnită
-P nu traversa nicio legătură simbolică (implicit)
Șirurile comparate au fost %s și %s. Torbjorn Granlund Încercați „%s --help” pentru informații suplimentare.
Încercați „%s ./%s” pentru a elimina fișierul %s.
Ulrich Drepper Eroare necunoscută Semnal necunoscut %d Eroare de sistem necunoscută ( sau \( fără pereche ) sau \) fără pereche [ sau [^ fără pereche \{ fără pereche Condiție I/E urgentă Utilizare: %s
Utilizare: %s COMANDĂ [ARG]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s EXPRESIE
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FIȘIER
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FIȘIER1 FIȘIER2
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s DENUMIRE
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s DENUMIRE [SUFIX]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE... FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [-LĂȚIME] [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [-s SEMNAL | -SEMNAL] PID...
sau: %s -l [SEMNAL]...
sau: %s -t [SEMNAL]...
Utilizare: %s [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Utilizare: %s [NUME]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Tipărește sau stabilește numele de gazdă al sistemului curent.
Utilizare: %s [NUMĂR]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPERAND]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Tipărește identificatorul numeric (hexazecimal) pentru gazda curentă.
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE] RĂDĂCINĂNOUĂ [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE] [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DOSAR...
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER MODEL...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER1 FIȘIER2
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... GRUP FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... REGIM[,REGIM]... FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... REGIM-OCTAL FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DENUMIRE TIP [MAJOR MINOR]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DENUMIRE...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... MULȚIME1 [MULȚIME2]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [+FORMAT]
sau: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [LLZZhhmm[[SS]AA][.ss]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-T] SURSĂ DEST
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... SURSĂ... DOSAR
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... -t DOSAR SURSĂ...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-] [NUME=VALOARE]... [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-] [UTILIZATOR [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]
Codifică sau decodifică FIȘIER sau intrarea standard în Base64, spre ieșirea standard.
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FIȘIER] [[+]DECALAJ[.][b]]
sau: %s --traditional [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER] [[+]DECALAJ[.][b] [+][ETICHETĂ][.][b]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --files0-from=F
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE [PREFIX]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE]... (fără -G)
sau: %s -G [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE [IEȘIRE]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [PROPRIETAR][:[GRUP]] FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [ȘABLON]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE-SCURTĂ]... [ȘIR]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE-LUNGĂ
Semnal definit de utilizator 1 Semnal definit de utilizator 2 Argumente valide sînt: Cronometrul virtual a expirat ATENȚIE: --page-increment este învechit; utilizați --line-increment în schimb Atenție: Cînd Unde Fereastra s-a schimbat Scris de %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s și alții.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s
și %s.
Scris de %s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s.
^[nN] ^[dDyY] „ o comandă trebuie dată cu o ajustare se accesează %s ai_family nu este suportat ai_socktype nu este suportat argument ambiguu %s pentru %s ieșirea se adaugă la %s copierea de rezervă %s ar distruge sursa; %s nu este copiat tip copie de siguranță fișier bloc special ambele fișiere nu pot fi intrarea standard nu se poate aplica context parțial asupra fișierului ne-etichetat %s contextul procesului nu poate fi obținut %s nu poate fi accesat %s nu poate fi copiat de rezervă apartenența %s nu poate fi schimbată permisiunile %s nu se pot modifica dosarul rădăcină nu poate fi schimbat la %s nu se poate schimba la dosarul %s nu se poate schimba la dosarul rădăcină nu se pot combina --target-directory (-t) și --no-target-directory (-T) nu se pot combina --target-directory și --no-target-directory block și unblock nu se pot combina excl și nocreat nu se pot combina lcase și ucase nu se pot combina opțiunile regimului și ale --reference nu pot fi combinate semnalul nu se poate combina cu -l sau -t denumirile de fișier %s și %s nu se pot compara U+%04X nu poate fi convertit în setul de caractere local U+%04X nu poate fi convertit în setul de caractere local: %s nu se poate copia un dosar, %s, în el însuși, %s nu se poate copia legătura simbolică ciclică %s dosarul %s nu poate fi creat legătura %s nu poate fi creată nu se poate crea legătura %s la %s fișierul obișnuit %s nu poate fi creat fișierul special %s nu poate fi creat legătura simbolică %s nu poate fi creată nu se poate crea legătura simbolică %s la %s %s nu poate fi dereferențiat dispozitivul și inodul pentru %s nu pot fi determinate numele gazdei nu se poate determina nu se poate face ioctl asupra %s nu se poate face fstat %s nu se poate obține dosarul curent nu se poate obține numele sistemului nu se poate face lseek %s dosarul %s nu poate fi făcut nu se poate muta %s la %s %s nu poate fi mutat într-un subdosar al său, %s %s nu poate fi deschis pentru citire %s nu se poate deschide pentru scriere dosarul %s nu poate fi deschis nu se poate suprascrie dosarul %s cu non-dosar nu se poate suprascrie non-dosarul %s cu dosarul %s dosarul %s nu poate fi citit legătura simbolică %s nu poate fi citită tabelul sistemelor de fișiere montate nu poate fi citit %s nu poate fi eliminat nu se poate rula %s nu se poate stabili data nu se pot stabili grupurile numele nu poate fi stabilit la %s timpii nu pot fi specificați din mai mult de o sursă nu se poate face stat %s nu se poate atinge %s %s nu se poate urmări grupul %s schimbat la %s
apartenența %s schimbată la %s
se modifică grupul %s se modifică apartenența %s se modifică permisiunile %s se schimbă contextul de securitate al %s
caracter în afara diapazonului fișier caracterial special se curăță permisiunile pentru %s închidere eșuată se închide %s se închide %s (fd=%d) se închide dosarul %s se închide fișierul de intrare %s se închide fișierul de ieșire %s se închide intrarea standard regimul de compatibilitate susține cel mult un fișier fișierul temporar nu a putut fi creat creat dosarul %s se creează dosarul %s se creează fișierul %s
se creează legătura simbolică %s se creează legătura simbolică %s -> %s dosar împărțire la zero dup2 eșuat %s gol interzis denumire de fișier goală eroare la închiderea fișierului eroare la inițializarea șirurilor lunii eroare la citirea %s eroare la scrierea %s argument în plus %s operand %s în plus operand în plus %s
eșec la schimbarea contextului %s în %s eșec la modificarea grupului %s în %s
eșec la modificarea regimului %s în %04lo (%s)
eșec la schimbarea apartenenței %s
eșec la schimbarea apartenenței %s la %s
nu s-a putut face chdir în %s eșec la clonarea %s eșec la crearea dosarului prin șablonul %s eșec la crearea fișierului prin șablonul %s eșec la crearea contextului de securitate: %s eșec la obținerea atributelor %s eșec la obținerea grupurilor pentru procesul curent eșec la obținerea grupurilor pentru utilizatorul %s eșec la obținerea contextului de securitate al %s găsirea fișierului %s a eșuat eșec la deschiderea %s păstrarea apartenenței pentru %s a eșuat păstrarea permisiunilor pentru %s a eșuat păstrarea timpilor pentru %s a eșuat redirijarea ieșirii standard a eșuat eșec la redirecționarea stderr spre /dev/null eșec la eliminarea %s eșec la eliminarea dosarului %s deschiderea %s în regimul %s a eșuat întoarcerea la dosarul de lucru inițial a eșuat eșec la rularea comenzii %s eșec la stabilirea grupurilor suplimentare eșec la stabilirea contextului implicit de creare a fișierelor la %s eșec la stabilirea ID-grup eșec la stabilirea ID-utilizator nu s-a putut face stat %s fdatasync eșuat pentru %s fflush eșuat numărul de cîmp %s e prea mare numărul cîmpului e zero cîmpurile și pozițiile sînt numerotate începînd cu 1 fifo fișierul %d nu este în ordine sortată fsync eșuat pentru %s fts_close a eșuat fts_read a eșuat getpass: nu se poate deschide /dev/tty se obțin noile atribute ale %s grupul %s reținut ca %s
funcție iconv indisponibilă funcție iconv inutilizabilă id= se ignoră toate argumentele se ignoră intrarea se ignoră intrarea și ieșirea se adaugă la %s se ignoră intrarea și se redirecționează stderr spre stdout se ignoră argumentele non-opțiune parolă incorectă intrarea a dispărut linie de intrare prea lungă argument %s%s nevalid „%s” ajustare nevalidă %s argument nevalid %s pentru %s stil nevalid de numerotare corp: %s context nevalid: %s conversie nevalidă dată nevalidă %s format de dată necunoscut %s dispozitiv nevalid %s %s tip de dispozitiv nevalid %s număr de cîmp nevalid: %s specificator de cîmp nevalid: %s lățime de cîmp nevalidă: %s stil nevalid de numerotare coloncifru: %s precizie nevalidă a formatului lățime nevalidă a formatului grup nevalid grup %s nevalid listă de grupuri %s nevalidă grup nevalid: %s stil nevalid de numerotare colontitlu: %s intrare nevalidă fanion de intrare nevalid format nevalid de numerotare linii: %s lățime linie nevalidă: %s regim nevalid regim nevalid %s regim nevalid: %s număr nevalid %s număr nevalid după „,” număr nevalid după „-” număr nevalid după „.” număr nevalid de linii goale: %s număr de octeți nevalid număr nevalid de coloane: %s număr de linii nevalid număr de linii nevalid: 0 opțiune nevalidă -- %c fanion de ieșire nevalid interval de pagini nevalid %s precizie nevalidă: %s număr nevalid de linie inițială: %s fanion de stare nevalid șablonul nevalid, %s, conține separator de dosare șablon nevalid, %s; cu --tmpdir, poate să nu fie absolut opțiune finală nevalidă -- %c utilizator nevalid utilizator nevalid %s lățime nevalidă: %s denumire fișier de lungime zero nevalidă operarea recursivă pe %s este periculoasă operarea recursivă pe %s este periculoasă (la fel ca %s) numărul de linie %s e mai mic decît numărul liniei precedente, %s memorie epuizată coadă de mesaje lipsește „]” argument lipsă după %s lipsă operand fișier destinație după %s lipsă operand fișier lipsește lista de cîmpuri lipsește lista de poziții operand lipsă operand lipsă după %s regimul %s schimbat la %04lo (%s)
regimul %s reținut ca %04lo (%s)
multiple opțiuni -l sau -t specificate delimitatori multipli specificați multiple fișiere de ieșire specificate multiple formate de ieșire specificate multiple dosare-țintă specificate nicio modificare la apartenența %s
nicio comandă specificată niciun sistem de fișiere prelucrat niciun fișier rămas niciun identificator de proces specificat caracter neportabil %s în denumirea de fișier %s numărul din %s e prea mare număr de octeți număr de linii se omite dosarul %s poate fi specificat numai un tip de listă deschidere eșuată se deschide %s opțiunile --backup și --no-clobber se exclud reciproc opțiunile „-%s” sînt incompatibile apartenența %s reținută
apartenența %s reținută ca %s
se păstrează permisiunile pentru %s se păstrează timpii pentru %s eroare de citire citire eșuată se citește %s se citește dosarul %s înregistrare prea mare stderr se redirijează spre stdout fișier gol obișnuit fișier obișnuit eliminat %s
dosar eliminat: %s
se elimină dosarul, %s semafor separatorul nu poate fi gol stabiliți LC_ALL='C' pentru a evita problema se stabilesc fanioane pentru %s se stabilesc permisiunile pentru %s se stabilesc timpii %s obiect de memorie partajată skip-bytes + read-bytes este prea mare se sare %s, întrucît se află pe alt dispozitiv se sare fișierul %s, întrucît a fost înlocuit în timpul copierii soclu eroarea standard intrarea standard intrarea standard este închisă ieșirea standard stat eșuat eroarea standard intrarea standard ieșirea standard compararea șirurilor a eșuat transformarea șirului a eșuat legătură simbolică eroare de sintaxă demarare sistem ținta %s nu este un dosar term= delimitatorul trebuie să fie un singur caracter șirurile comparate au fost %s și %s șirul transformat a fost %s ora %s este în afara intervalului prea puțini X în șablonul %s prea multe caractere în mulțime prea multe linii repetate prea multe șabloane total uid=%lu imposibil de afișat mesaj de eroare dosarul de lucru curent nu poate fi înregistrat operator binar necunoscut flux necunoscut valoarea pentru variabila de mediu LS_COLORS nu poate fi parcursă operand %s necunoscut prefix necunoscut: %s utilizați --no-preserve-root pentru a suprascrie această valoare de siguranță utilizatorul %s nu există se utilizează interpretorul restricționat %s atenție: dosarul nu se poate schimba la %s atenție: se ignoră argumentele în exces, începînd cu %s atenție: lățime nevalidă %lu; se utilizează %d în loc atenție: numărul de linie %s e același ca și numărul liniei precedente atenție: fișierul-sursă %s specificat mai mult decît o dată fișier ciudat la citirea denumirilor de fișiere din stdin, denumirea %s nu este permisă cu --parents, destinația trebuie să fie un dosar eroare de scriere eroare de scriere pentru %s scriere eșuată se scrie %s se scrie în %s trebuie să specificați o listă de octeți, caractere sau cîmpuri PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied Page % %+% înregistrări citite
%+% înregistrări scrise
% înregistrare trunchiată
% înregistrări trunchiate
% de înregistrări trunchiate
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
--check-order check that the input is correctly sorted, even
if all input lines are pairable
--nocheck-order do not check that the input is correctly sorted
-1 suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)
-2 suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)
-3 suppress column 3 (lines that appear in both files)
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
-t is implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read
standard input.
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If MODE is `0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
If MODE is `L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered.
This option is invalid with standard input.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
If the command times out, then exit with status 124. Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND. If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout. The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal. For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams (`tee' does
for e.g.) then that will override corresponding settings changed by `stdbuf'.
Also some filters (like `dd' and `cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O,
and are thus unaffected by `stdbuf' settings.
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note that the -r and -s options are mutually exclusive.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.
You may want to sort the input first, or use `sort -u' without `uniq'.
Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.
BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each
output line.
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1',
or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.
PID is an integer; if negative it identifies a process group.
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters:
`+' extend by, `-' reduce by, `<' at most, `>' at least,
`/' round down to multiple of, `%' round up to multiple of.
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The following three options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--quiet don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status don't output anything, status code shows success
-w, --warn warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination
locations you choose. If you want to download and install a ready-to-use
package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to
the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.
In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.
-t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of
SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to
expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may
only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not
translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after
translation or deletion.
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line
-w, --words print the word counts
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--pid=PID with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent never output headers giving file names
--retry keep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by
name, i.e., with --follow=name
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--suffix=SUFF append SUFF to TEMPLATE. SUFF must not contain slash.
This option is implied if TEMPLATE does not end in X.
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
--all print the number of installed processors
--ignore=N if possible, exclude N processing units
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% -evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, all special
characters to their default values
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g, 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'. More info below
-d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
separate columns by STRING,
without -S: Default separator with -J and
otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options
-t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --bytes=K output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K
to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K bytes of each file
-n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K lines of each file
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-e, --echo treat each ARG as an input line
-i, --input-range=LO-HI treat each number LO through HI as an input line
-n, --head-count=COUNT output at most COUNT lines
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (redundant if
the -n option is used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages
-s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical make hard links to symbolic link references
-n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a
directory as if it were a normal file
-P, --physical make hard links directly to symbolic links
-s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2
(default end of line)
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63)
-m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --lines=K output the last K lines, instead of the last %d;
or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default %d) iterations
to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
(this is the usual case of rotated log files)
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p DIR use DIR as a prefix; implies -t [deprecated]
-t interpret TEMPLATE as a single file name component,
relative to a directory: $TMPDIR, if set; else the
directory specified via -p; else /tmp [deprecated]
-p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is
similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this FILE's size
-s, --size=SIZE use this SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --sleep-interval=N with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
(default 1.0) between iterations
-v, --verbose always output headers giving file names
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w
-s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number on each logical page
-w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with a remote file. giving up on this name %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid number to ignore %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create a temporary file or directory, safely, and print its name.
TEMPLATE must contain at least 3 consecutive `X's in last component.
If TEMPLATE is not specified, use tmp.XXXXXXXXXX, and --tmpdir is implied.
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EMT trap EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),
writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.
Floating point exception For complete documentation, run: info coreutils '%s invocation'
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Information request Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Option --string without a number implies 3; option --width without a number
implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t oS -w16.
Ordering options:
Other options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE.
-r use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME,
or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.
The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.
Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Report %s translation bugs to
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment
Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost.
If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole)
reads as zero bytes.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1
-d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character
that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence
of that character
-t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h
is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to
change the times of the file associated with standard output.
Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when the source is a symbolic link, defaulting to %s.
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead WARNING: --preserve_context is deprecated; use --preserve-context instead WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --context (-Z); this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both SI and IEC prefixes present on units both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot remove directory: %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error initializing month strings error monitoring inotify event error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple delimiters specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --context (-Z) option is obsolete and will be removed
in a future release the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the argument %s lacks a leading `+';
when using an option to specify date(s), any non-option
argument must be a format string beginning with `+' the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown binary operator unknown status from command (0x%X) unknown stream unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using arbitrary-precision arithmetic using restricted shell %s using single-precision arithmetic waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the --%s option is obsolete; use --reference warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify one of %s or %s Project-Id-Version: coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-04-08 21:05+0800
Last-Translator: Aron Xu
Language-Team: Chinese (simplified)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
( 表达式 ) 表达式的值为真
! 表达式 表达式的值为假(非)
表达式1 -a 表达式2 两个表达式的值都为真时结果为真(与)
表达式1 -o 表达式2 两个表达式中任一的值为真时结果为真(或)
--check-order 检查输入是否被正确排序，即使所有输入行均成对
--nocheck-order 不检查输入是否被正确排序
-1 不输出文件1 特有的行
-2 不输出文件2 特有的行
-3 不输出两个文件共有的行
-a, --all 等于-b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u 选项的组合
-b, --boot 上次系统启动时间
-d, --dead 显示已死的进程
-H, --heading 输出头部的标题列
-b 文件 指定文件存在且为块设备文件
-c 文件 指定文件存在且为字符设备文件
-d 文件 指定文件存在且为目录
-e 文件 指定文件存在
-l 对指定用户输出完整的长格式信息
-b 在长格式中省略用户主目录以及登录 shell
-h 在长格式中省略用户的项目文件
-p 在长格式中省略用户的计划文件
-s 输出短格式信息(默认)
-n 字符串 字符串的长度非零
字符串 等于"-n 字符串"
-z 字符串 字符串的长度为零
字符串1 = 字符串2 两个字符串相等
字符串1 != 字符串2 两个字符串不等
ARG1 * ARG2 计算 ARG1 与ARG2 相乘之积
ARG1 / ARG2 计算 ARG1 与ARG2 相除之商
ARG1 % ARG2 计算 ARG1 与ARG2 相除之余数
ARG1 + ARG2 计算 ARG1 与ARG2 相加之和
ARG1 - ARG2 计算 ARG1 与ARG2 相减之差
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 小于ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 小于或等于ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 等于ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 不等于ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 大于或等于ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 大于ARG2
文件1 -ef 文件2 文件1 与文件2 的设备和节点号相等
文件1 -nt 文件2 文件1 的上次修改时间新于文件2
文件1 -ot 文件2 文件1 的上次修改时间旧于文件2
整数 不包括指定的行，并以其为文件分块边界
/表达式/[偏移量] 不包括匹配到的行，并以其为文件分块边界
%表达式%[偏移量] 预先跳过匹配的行数，以其为文件分块边界
{整数} 将之前指定的模式重复指定的次数
{*} 将之前指定的模式重复尽可能多的次数。
一个行的偏移量需要在正整数值之后声明"+" 或 "-"。
整数1 -eq 整数2 整数1 等于整数2
整数1 -ge 整数2 整数1 大于等于整数2
整数1 -gt 整数2 整数1 大于 整数2
整数1 -le 整数2 整数1 大于等于整数2
整数1 -lt 整数2 整数1 小于 整数2
整数1 -ne 整数2 整数1 不等于整数2
字符串 : 表达式 定位字符串中匹配表达式的模式
match 字符串 表达式 等于"字符串 :表达式"
substr 字符串 偏移量 长度 替换字符串的子串，偏移的数值从 1 起计
index 字符串 字符 在字符串中发现字符的地方建立下标，或者标0
length 字符串 字符串的长度
a 对所有行编号
t 对非空行编号
n 不编行号
pBRE 只对符合正则表达式BRE 的行编号
FORMAT 是下列之一:
ln 左对齐，空格不用0 填充
rn 右对齐，空格不用0 填充
rz 右对齐，空格用0 填充
b 创建(有缓冲的)区块特殊文件
c, u 创建(没有缓冲的)字符特殊文件
p 创建先进先出(FIFO)特殊文件
# 用户数=%lu
如果页长<=10 则使用-t 选项。如果FILE 没有定义，
或者FILE 是"-"，则从标准输入读入。
若域中为先空字符(通常包括空格以及制表符)，然后非空字符，域中字符前的空字符将被跳过。
一个轻量级的"finger"程序，用于显示用户信息。
用到的utmp 文件为%s。
单纯的 - 意味着 -i。如果没有命令，则打印结果环境。
单独的"-"选项隐含了-l。如果不指定用户，则假设其为root。
在任何标记之后还允许一个可选的域宽度指定，它是一个十进制数字。
作为一个可选的修饰声明，它可以是E，在可能的情况下使用本地环境关联的
表示方式；或者是O，在可能的情况下使用本地环境关联的数字符号。
被省略的表达式的值默认为假，否则可能为真也可能为假，
并会被设为退出状态值。有效的表达式应属于下列之一：
有一个特别情况：如果同时指定--force 和--backup 选项，而源文件和目标文件
是同一个已存在的一般文件的话，cp 会将源文件备份。
块和字节数后可能带有以下的一个或多个后缀：
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
每个 CONV 符号可能为：
请注意有许多运算操作符都可能需要由 shell 先实施转义。
如果参与运算的 ARG 自变量都是数字，比较符就会被视作数学符号，否则就是多义的。
模式匹配会返回"\"和"\"之间被匹配的子字符串或空(null)；如果未使用"\"和"\"，
则会返回匹配字符数量或是 0。
当类型为"p"时可不指定主设备号和次设备号，否则它们是必须指定的。
如果主设备号和次设备号以"0x"或"0X"开头，它们会被视作十六进制数来
解析；如果以"0"开头，则被视作八进制数；其余情况下被视作十进制数。
可用的类型包括：
默认时，rm 不会删除目录。使用--recursive(-r 或-R)选项可删除每个给定
的目录，以及其下所有的内容。
默认的选项设置是-v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn。CC 是用于分隔
逻辑页数的两个分界符，其中缺失的第二个字符暗含了":"，如果您要指定"\"，
请输入"\\"。可用的样式如下：
默认情况下，源文件的稀疏性仅仅通过简单的方法判断，对应的目标文件目标文件也
被为稀疏。这是因为默认情况下使用了--sparse=auto 参数。如果明确使用
--sparse=always 参数则不论源文件是否包含足够长的0 序列也将目标文件创文
建为稀疏件。
使用--sparse=never 参数禁止创建稀疏文件。
当指定了--reflink[=always] 参数时执行轻量化的复制，即只在数据块被修改的
情况下才复制。如果复制失败或者同时指定了--reflink=auto，则返回标准复制模式。
综合设置：
* [-]LCASE 等于[-]lcase
cbreak 等于-icanon
-cbreak 等于icanon
控制设置：
[-]clocal 禁用调制解调器控制信号
[-]cread 允许接收输入
* [-]crtscts 启用RTS/CTS 握手
csN 设置字符大小为N 位，N 的范围为5 到8
所显示的数值是来自 --block-size、%s_BLOCK_SIZE、BLOCK_SIZE
及 BLOCKSIZE 环境变量中第一个可用的 SIZE 单位。
否则，默认单位是 1024 字节(或是 512，若设定 POSIXLY_CORRECT 的话)。
FLAG 符号可以是：
append 追加模式(仅对输出有意义；隐含了conv=notrunc)
每种 MODE 都应属于这类形式"[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+"。
示例：
%s -12 文件1 文件2 只打印在文件1和文件2中都有的行
%s -3 文件1 文件2 打印在文件1中有，而文件2中没有的行。反之亦然。
示例：
%s /usr/bin/sort 输出"sort"。
%s include/stdio.h .h 输出"stdio"。
示例：
%s /usr/bin/sort 输出"/usr/bin"。
%s stdio.h 输出"."。
示例：
%s f - g 先输出f 的内容，然后输出标准输入的内容，最后输出g 的内容。
%s 将标准输入的内容复制到标准输出。
示例：
%s root /u 将 /u 的属主更改为"root"。
%s root:staff /u 和上面类似，但同时也将其属组更改为"staff"。
%s -hR root /u 将 /u 及其子目录下所有文件的属主更改为"root"。
示例：
%s staff /u 将 /u 的属组更改为"staff"。
%s -hR staff /u 将 /u 及其子目录下所有文件的属组更改为"staff"。
除-h 和-L 以外，其它所有与指定文件相关的测试都会作用于符号链接。
请留心您在必要时需由shell 转义圆括号字符(例如使用反斜杠)。
指定整数也可用"-l 字符串"表示，这会估算相应字符串的长度。
若表达式的值既不是空也不是 0，退出状态值为 0；若表达式的值为空或为 0，
退出状态值为 1。如果表达式的句法无效，则会在出错时返回退出状态值 3。
退出状态：
0 正常
1 一般问题 (例如：无法访问子文件夹)
2 严重问题 (例如：无法使用命令行参数)
指定格式类似 C 中的 printf 函数，可控制输出。有效的解释序列有：
\" 双引号
给定的格式FORMAT 控制着输出，解释序列如下：
%% 一个文字的 %
%a 当前locale 的星期名缩写(例如： 日，代表星期日)
处理连接到标准输入的tty 终端行设置。当不附加参数时，程序会输出波特率、行约束
规则以及与标准stty 设置间的偏差。在设置中，字符会被逐字读取或是被编码为^c、
0x37、0177 或127 这样的字符，其中有特殊值^- 或undef 被用于禁止特殊字符。
若-e 可用，则以下序列即可识别：
如果指定文件为"-"，粉碎标准输出的数据。
如果加上--remove (-u)选项表示删除文件。默认的方式是不删除文件，因为
覆盖像/dev/hda 等的设备文件是很普遍的，而这些文件通常不应删除。当覆盖
一般文件时，绝大多数人都会使用--remove 选项。
如果文件未被指定，则使用%s。%s 是通用的相关文件。
如果给定了参数1 和参数2，-m 会假定："am i"或"mom likes"
为参数。
如果指定了文件，则读取该文件的数据来决定文件类型及扩展名相应的颜色。
否则，会使用默认的数据库。如要了解此文件格式的细节，请执行：
"dircolors --print-database"。
如果省略了首数或者增量，则默认其值为1，即使这样尾数仍小于首数。
首数、增量和尾数均以浮点数形式解释。当首数小于尾数时增量一般为正值，
相反在首数大于尾数时增量一般为负数。
若 MODE 是“0”，则相应的流将不缓冲。
若 MODE 是“L”，则相应的流将是行缓冲模式。
标准输入流下此选项无效。
如果文件指定为"-"，则将输入内容复制到标准输出。
如果两个调用格式都适用，系统会在最后一个运算量以"+"或数字开始
(如果有两个运算量)的情况下采用第二种格式。
偏移量是指 -j 偏移量。标签是第一个字节的伪地址，
随着累积过程递增。偏移量和标签如果冠以"0x"或"0X"前缀则
表示十六进制数；后缀"."代表八进制数，后缀"b"表示乘以 512。
如果没有指定命令，则运行"${SHELL} -i" (默认：/bin/sh)。
如果标准输入是一个终端，重定向自/dev/null。
如果标准输出是一个终端，尽可能将输出添加到"nohup.out"，
否则添加到"$HOME/nohup.out"。
如果标准错误输出是一个终端，重定向它到标准输出。
要保存输出内容到一个文件，使用 "%s COMMAND > FILE" 形式的命令。
如果程序超时则退出状态数为124，否则返回程序退出状态。
如果没有指定信号则默认为TERM 信号。TERM 信号在进程没有捕获此信号时杀死进程。
对于另一些进程可能需要使用KILL (9)信号，当然此信号不能被捕获。
如果字节数或行数K 的第一个字符是"+"，输出从文件开始第K 个项目，否则输出文件
最后K 个项目。K 可以使用一下几种单位之一：
b 512，kB 1000，K 1024，MB 1000*1000，M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000，G 1024*1024*1024，以及T，P，E，Z，Y。
输入设置：
[-]brkint 任务中断会触发中断信号
[-]icrnl 将回车转换为换行符
[-]ignbrk 忽略中断字符
[-]igncr 忽略回车
K 后面可以跟乘号:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, 对于T, P, E, Z, Y 同样适用。
许可证：GPLv3+：GNU 通用公共许可证第3 版或更新版本。
本软件是自由软件：您可以自由修改和重新发布它。
在法律范围内没有其他保证。
本地设置：
[-]crterase 擦除字符回显为退格符
* crtkill 依照echoprt 和echoe 的设置清除所有行
* -crtkill 依照echoctl 和echol 的设置清除所有行
注意：若 COMMAND 调整其自身的标准流缓冲区(如“tee”就是)，
则此操作会覆盖由“stdbuf”所做出的相应设置。
还有某些滤件程序(如“dd”和“cat”之类)，它们不使用输入输出流，
因此不受“stdbuf”设置的影响。
注意：[ 服从 --help 和 --version 选项但 test 不同。
test 将其和其他非空字符串同能对待。
注意：您的shell 内含自己的%s 程序版本，它会覆盖这里所提及的相应
版本。请查阅您的shell 文档获知它所支持的选项。
请注意，-d 和-t 选项可接受不同的时间/日期格式。
请注意-r 和-s 是互斥的选项。
注意，比较操作遵从"LC_CPLLATE"所定义的规则。
提示：uniq 不会检查重复的行，除非它们是相邻的行。
如果您想先对输入排序，使用没有uniq 的"sort -u"。
同时，比较服从"LC_COLLATE" 变量所指定的规则。
可选- 在设置前的指示中，* 标记出了非POSIX 标准的设置。以下系
统定义象征了哪些设置是有效的。
否则 MODE 就应该是以下数字单位中的一个：
KB 1000，K 1024，MB 1000*1000，M 1024*1024，以及 G、T、P、E、Z、Y。
在此情况下，相应的流将缓冲由 MODE 指定大小的缓冲字节。
输出设置：
* bsN 退格延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至1
* crN 回车延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至3
* ffN 换页延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至1
* nlN 换行延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至1
如果没有指定所有者，则不会更改。 所属组若没有指定也不会更改，但当加上
":"时 GROUP 会更改为指定所有者的主要组。所有者和所属组可以是数字或名称。
POS 是F[.C][OPTS]，F 代表域编号，C 是域中字母的位置，F 和C 均从1开始计数
如果没有有效的-t 或-b 选项存在，则从前导空格后开始计数字符。OPTS 是一个或多个
由单个字母表示的顺序选项，以此覆盖此key 的全局顺序设置。如果没有指定key 则
将其整个行。
指定的大小可以使用以下单位之一：
将表达式的值列印到标准输出，分隔符下面的空行可提升算式优先级。
可用的表达式有：
ARG1 | ARG2 若ARG1 的值不为0 或者为空，则返回ARG1，否则返回ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 若两边的值都不为0 或为空，则返回ARG1，否则返回 0
当 RADIX 为"d"时代表十进制，为"o"时代表八进制，为"x"时代表十六进制，
"n"则代表无。
BYTES 是以0x 或0X 为前缀的十六进制数，可能有以下几种后缀：
b 512，kB 1000，K 1024，MB 1000*1000，M 1024*1024，
GB 1000*1000*1000，G 1024*1024*1024，对于T，P，E，Z，Y 同样适用。
为任何类型添加"z"后缀都将在每个输出行的行尾显示可显示字符
如果文件为"-"，则读取标准输入。每个"格式"可以是：
请向%2$s 报告%1$s 的错误
请向<%s> 报告软件错误。请向 报告翻译错误。
SET 是一组字符串，一般都可按照字面含义理解。解析序列如下：
\NNN 八进制值为NNN 的字符(1 至3 个数位)
\\ 反斜杠
\a 终端鸣响
\b 退格
\f 换页
\n 换行
\r 回车
\t 水平制表符
参数中的信号可以是类似"HUP"的信号名称，也可以是如"1"这样的信号编码，或者进程被
信号终止后的退出状态号。
进程号(PID) 是一个整数，如果为负数则表示一个进程组。
尺寸应该是一个数字。对 doux 等类型来说，适用的尺寸有：
C 代表 sizeof(char)、S 代表 sizeof(short)、I 代表
sizeof(int)，或 L 代表 sizeof(long)；
如果类型是 f，可适用的尺寸有：
F 代表 sizeof(float)、D 代表sizeof(double)，或 L 代表
sizeof(long double)。
指定大小也可使用以下前缀修饰：
"+" 增加，"-" 减少，"<" 至多，">" 至少，
"/" 小于等于原尺寸数字的指定数字的最小倍数，"%" 大于等于原尺寸数字的指定数字的最大倍数。
译者注：当输入值为m，参考值为n 时，
"/" 运算的数学计算式为 m / n * n；
"%" 运算的数学计算式为( m + n - 1 ) / n * n
SIZE 可以是一个可选的整数，后面跟着以下单位中的一个：
KB 1000，K 1024，MB 1000*1000，M 1024*1024，还有 G、T、P、E、Z、Y。
对运行中的"dd"进程发送一个%s 信号会使得
I/O 的统计信息被打印到标准错误设备然后恢复复制操作。
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
可用选项有：
特殊字符：
* dsusp 字符 每当输入刷新时会发送一个用于终端阻塞信号的字符
eof 字符 表示文件末尾而发送的字符(用于终止输入)
eol 字符 为表示行尾而发送的字符
特殊设置：
N 设置输入输出速度为N 波特
* cols N 统治内核终端上有N 栏
* columns N 等于cols N
TYPE 是由下面一种或几种参数组成的：
a 重定义字符，忽略高位字节
c ASCII 码字符或者是反斜线字串(如\n)
备份文件的后缀为"~"，除非以--suffix 选项或是SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
环境变量指定。版本控制的方式可通过--backup 选项或VERSION_CONTROL 环境
变量来选择。以下是可用的变量值：
数据以 RFC 3548 规定的 Base64 字母格式进行编码。 解码时，输入数据(加密流)可能包含一些非有效 Base64 字符的新行字符。可以尝试用 --ignore-garbage 选项来恢复加密流中任何非 base64 字符。
以下三个选项在进行校验时非常有用：
--quiet 不为校验成功的文件输出OK
--status 不输出任何内容，使用退出状态号显示成功
-w, --warn 对格式不准确的校验和行进行警告
校验和会按照%s 规范生成。当进行检查时，给出的输入格式应该和程序的输出
样板格式相同。默认的输出模式时输出一行校验和的校验结果，并有一个字符来
表示文件类型("*"代表二进制，" "代表纯文本)，并同时显示每个文件的名称。
有效的文件格式序列(不使用 --file-system)：
%a 八进制权限
%A 用可读性较好的方式输出权限
%b 计算已分配块数(参见%B)
%B 以字节为单位输出%b 所报告的每个块的大小
%C SELinux 安全环境字符串
此install 将文件(通常仅是编译后的文件)复制到您所选择的目的位置。
如果您希望在GNU/Linux 操作系统上下载并安装一个即时可用的软件包，
您应当使用诸如yum(1) 和apt-get(1) 的软件包管理器。
在前三种形式中，将源文件复制到目标文件或将多个源文件复制到一个已存在的目录
中同时设置其所有权和权限模式。在第四种形式中，创建给出目标目录中的所有组件。
要删除第一个字符为"-"的文件 (例如"-foo")，请使用以下方法之一：
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
传统格式命令可混合使用，不同的格式可叠加：
-a 即 -t a， 使用命名的字符，忽略高阶位
-b 即 -t o1，使用八进制单字节字符
-c 即 -t c， 使用ASCII 字符，或者反斜杠正名的特殊字符
-d 即 -t u2，使用无符号十进制双字节字符
仅在SET1 和SET2 都给出，同时没有-d 选项的时候才会进行替换。
仅在替换时才可能用到-t 选项。如果需要SET2 将被通过在末尾添加原来的末字符的方式
补充到同SET1 等长。SET2 中多余的字符将被省略。只有[:lower:] 和[:upper:]
以升序展开字符；在用于替换时的SET2 中以成对表示大小写转换。-s 作用于SET1，既不
替换也不删除，否则在替换或展开后使用SET2 缩减。
仅使用f -b, -c 或-f 中的一个。每一个列表都是专门为一个类别作出的，或者您可以用逗号隔
开要同时显示的不同类别。您的输入顺序将作为读取顺序，每个仅能输入一次。
使用色彩来区分文件类型的功能已被禁用，默认设置和 --color=never 同时禁用了它。
使用 --color=auto 选项，ls 只在标准输出被连至终端时才生成颜色代码。
LS_COLORS 环境变量可改变此设置，可使用 dircolors 命令来设置。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为 "-"，程序将从标准输入读取数据。默认时隐含
"-F /"选项。
如果没有指定文件，或者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取。
如果不附带选项，程序会生成三列输出。第一列包含文件1 特有的行，第二列包含 文件2 特有的行，而第三列包含两个文件共有的行。
如果不附带任何选项，程序会显示一些可供识别用户身份的有用信息。
将指定文件以八进制形式(默认)转储到标准输出。如果指定了多于一个的文件
参数，程序会自动将输入的内容整合为列表并以同样的形式输出。
如果没有指定文件，或指定文件为"-"，程序从标准输入读取数据。
??? --backup[=CONTROL] 为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份
-b 类似--backup 但不接受参数
-f, --force 覆盖前不询问
-i, --interactive 覆盖前询问
-n, --no-clobber 不覆盖已存在文件
如果您指定了-i、-f、-n 中的多个，仅最后一个生效。
--backup[=CONTROL] 为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份文件
-b 类似--backup，但不接受任何参数
-d, -F, --directory 创建指向目录的硬链接(只适用于超级用户)
-f, --force 强行删除任何已存在的目标文件
--backup[=CONTROL] 为每个已存在的文件创建备份
-b 类似--backup 但不接受参数
-c (忽略)
-C, --compare 比较每组源文件和目标文件，在一些情况下不修改目标文件
-d, --directory 将所有参数视为目录名称；为指定的目录创建所有组件
--batch-size=NMERGE 一次最多合并NMERGE 个输入；如果输入更多
则使用临时文件
--block-size=大小 块以指定大小的字节为单位
-B, --ignore-backups 不列出任何以"~"字符结束的项目
-c 配合-lt：根据ctime 排序并显示ctime(文件
状态最后更改的时间)
配合-l：显示ctime 但根据名称排序 其他情况：按ctime 排序
--complement 补全选中的字节、字符或域
--files0-from=文件 从指定文件读取以NUL 终止的名称，如果该文件被
指定为"-"则从标准输入读文件名
-L, --max-line-length 显示最长行的长度
-w, --words 显示单词计数
--files0-from=F 计算文件F 中以NUL 结尾的文件名对应占用的磁盘空间
如果F 的值是"-"，则从标准输入读入文件名
-H 等于--dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable 以可读性较好的方式显示尺寸(例如：1K 234M 2G)
--si 类似-h，但在计算时使用1000 为基底而非1024
--group-directories-first
在文件前分组目录。此选项可与--sort 一起使用，
但是一旦使用--sort=none (-U)将禁用分组
--help 显示此帮助信息并退出
--indicator-style=方式 指定在每个项目名称后加上指示符号方式：
none (默认)，classify (-F)，file-type (-p)
-i, --inode 显示每个文件的inode 号
-I, --ignore=PATTERN 不显示任何符合指定shell PATTERN 的项目
-k 即--block-size=1K
--lookup 尝试通过 DNS 查验主机名
-m 只面对和标准输入有直接交互的主机和用户
-p, --process 显示由 init 进程衍生的活动进程
--no-preserve-roo 不特殊对待"/"
--preserve-root 不允许删除"/"(默认)
-r, -R, --recursive 递归删除目录及其内容
-v, --verbose 详细显示进行的步骤
--no-preserve-root 不特殊对待根目录(默认)
--preserve-root 禁止对根目录进行递归操作
--no-preserve-root 不特殊对待"/"(默认值)
--preserve-root 不允许在"/"上递归操作
--sno-preserve=属性列表 不保留指定的文件属性
--parents 复制前在目标目录创建来源文件路径中的所有目录
--one-file-system 递归删除一个层级时，跳过所有不符合命令行参
数的文件系统上的文件
--pid=PID 同 -f 一起使用，当 PID 所对应的进程死去后终止
-q, --quiet, --silent 不输出给出文件名的头
--retry 即使目标文件不可访问依然试图打开；在与参数
--follow=name 同时使用时常常有用。
--preserve-context 保持SELinux 的安全环境
-Z, --context=CONTEXT 设置文件和目录的SELinux 安全环境
--reference=参考文件 使用指定参考文件的安全环境，而非指定值
-R, --recursive 递归处理所有的文件及子目录
-v, --verbose 为处理的所有文件显示诊断信息
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC 以RFC 3339 格式输出日期和时间。
TIMESPEC=`date'，`seconds'，或 `ns'
表示日期和时间的显示精度。
日期和时间单元由单个的空格分开：
2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=字符串 设置指定字符串来分开时间
-u, --utc, --universal 输出或者设置协调的通用时间
--sort=WORD 按照WORD 指定的格式排序：
一般数字-g，高可读性-h，月份-M，数字-n，
随机-R，版本-V
-V, --version-sort 在文本内进行自然版本排序
--strip-trailing-slashes 去掉每个源文件参数尾部的斜线
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX 替换常用的备份文件后缀
--suffix=SUFF 将 SUFF 添加至 TEMPLATE。SUFF 不能带斜杠。
若 TEMPLATE 不以 X 结尾，则此选项隐式实现。
--time 显示目录或该目录子目录下所有文件的最后修改时间
--time=WORD 显示WORD 时间，而非修改时间：
atime，access，use，ctime 或status
--time-style=样式 按照指定样式显示时间(样式解释规则同"date"命令)：
full-iso，long-iso，iso，+FORMAT
--time-style=STYLE 和-l 同时使用时根据STYLE 代表的格式显示时间：
full-iso、iso、locale、posix-iso、+FORMAT。
FORMAT 即是"date"所用的时间格式；如果FORMAT
是FORMAT1<换行>FORMAT2，FORMAT1 适用于较旧
的文件而FORMAT2 适用于较新的文件；如果STYLE
以"posix-"开头，则STYLE 仅在POSIX 语系之外
生效。
-t 根据修改时间排序
-T, --tabsize=宽度 指定制表符(Tab)的宽度，而非8 个字符
--verbose 在每个输出文件打开前输出文件特征
--version 显示版本信息并退出
--all 打印所拥有的处理器数目
--ignore=N 如果有可能，忽略 N 个处理器
容量 已用 可用 已用%% Inode 已用(I) 可用(I) 已用(I)%% 容量 已用 可用 已用%% -evenp 等于-parenb cs8
* [-]lcase 等于xcase iuclc olcuc
litout 等于-parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout 等于parenb istrip opost cs7
nl 等于-icrnl -onlcr
-nl 等于icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb 每个字符使用2 位停止位 (要恢复成1 位配合"-"即可)
[-]hup 当最后一个进程关闭标准终端后发送挂起信号
[-]hupcl 等于[-]hup
[-]parenb 对输出生成奇偶校验位并等待输入的奇偶校验位
[-]parodd 设置校验位为奇数 (配合"-"则为偶数)
[-]ignpar 忽略含有奇偶不对称错误的字符
* [-]imaxbel 发出终端响铃但不刷新字符的完整输入缓冲
[-]inlcr 将换行符转换为回车
[-]inpck 启用输入奇偶性校验
[-]istrip 剥除输入字符的高8 位比特
[-]isig 启用interrupt、quit和suspend 等特殊字符
[-]noflsh 在interrupt 和 quit 特殊字符后禁止刷新
* [-]prterase 等于[-]echoprt
* [-]tostop 中止尝试向终端写入数据的后台任务
* [-]xcase 和icanon 配合使用，用转义符"\"退出大写状态
cooked 等于brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig icanon eof eol 等的默认值
-cooked 等于-raw
crt 等于echoe echoctl echoke
dec 等于echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177 kill ^u
* [-]decctlq 等于[-]ixany
ek 清除所有字符，将它们回溯为默认值
evenp 等于parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N 设置输入速度为N 波特
* line N 设置行约束规则为N
min N 和 -icanon 配合使用，设置每次一完整读入的最小字符数为
ospeed N 设置输出速度为N 波特
oddp 等于parenb parodd cs7
-oddp 等于-parenb cs8
[-]parity 等于[-]evenp
pass8 等于-parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 等于parenb istrip cs7
raw 等于-ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw 等于cooked
sane 等于cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke，所有特殊字符均
使用默认值
stop 字符 停止输出的字符
susp 字符 发送终端阻断信号的字符
* swtch 字符 在不同的shell 层次间切换的字符
* werase 字符 擦除前一个输入的单词的字符
%% 一个 "%"
%b 带"\"的指定的参数是禁用转义符的字符串，
例外：八进制数的转义串采用"\0"或"\0NNN"的形式
同时，所有以diouxXfeEgGcs 结尾的C 格式化说明，将首先把指定的参数转换为
合适的类型。变量的宽度将得到恰当处理。
%A 当前locale 的星期名全称 (如：星期日)
%b 当前locale 的月名缩写 (如：一，代表一月)
%B 当前locale 的月名全称 (如：一月)
%c 当前locale 的日期和时间 (如：2005年3月3日 星期四 23:05:25)
%C 世纪；比如 %Y，通常为省略当前年份的后两位数字(例如：20)
%d 按月计的日期(例如：01)
%D 按月计的日期；等于%m/%d/%y
%e 按月计的日期，添加空格，等于%_d
%F 完整日期格式，等价于 %Y-%m-%d
%g ISO-8601 格式年份的最后两位 (参见%G)
%G ISO-8601 格式年份 (参见%V)，一般只和 %V 结合使用
%S 秒(00-60)
%t 输出制表符 Tab
%T 时间，等于%H:%M:%S
%u 星期，1 代表星期一
%U 一年中的第几周，以周日为每星期第一天(00-53)
%V ISO-8601 格式规范下的一年中第几周，以周一为每星期第一天(01-53)
%w 一星期中的第几日(0-6)，0 代表周一
%W 一年中的第几周，以周一为每星期第一天(00-53)
%d 十进制设备编号
%D 十六进制设备编号
%f 十六进制原始模式
%F 文件类型
%g 文件的属组ID
%G 文件的属组组名
%h 硬链接数量
%i Inode 编号
%n 文件名
%N 如果对象是一个符号链接，显示引用到的其它文件名
%o I/O 块大小
%s 总计大小，以字节为单位
%t 十六进制主设备类型
%T 十六进制子设备类型
%h 等于%b
%H 小时(00-23)
%I 小时(00-12)
%j 按年计的日期(001-366)
%i 十六进制文件系统ID
%I 允许的文件名最大长度
%n 文件名
%s 块大小(用于快速传输)
%S 基本块大小(用于块计数)
%t 十六进制类型描述
%T 可读性较好的类型描述
%k 时(0-23)
%l 时(1-12)
%m 月份(01-12)
%M 分(00-59)
%n 换行
%N 纳秒(000000000-999999999)
%p 当前locale 下的"上午"或者"下午"，未知时输出为空
%P 与%p 类似，但是输出小写字母
%r 当前locale 下的 12 小时时钟时间 (如：11:11:04 下午)
%R 24 小时时间的时和分，等价于 %H:%M
%s 自UTC 时间 1970-01-01 00:00:00 以来所经过的秒数
%u 文件的属主ID
%U 文件的属主用户名
%x 上次访问时间
%X 从UNIX 元年起计的上次访问时间
%y 上次修改时间
%Y 从UNIX 元年起计的上次修改时间
%z 上次更改时间
%Z 从UNIX 元年起计的上次更改时间
%x 当前locale 下的日期描述 (如：12/31/99)
%X 当前locale 下的时间描述 (如：23:13:48)
%y 年份最后两位数位 (00-99)
%Y 年份
%z +hhmm 数字时区(例如，-0400)
%:z +hh:mm 数字时区(例如，-04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss 数字时区(例如，-04:00:00)
%:::z 数字时区带有必要的精度 (例如，-04，+05:30)
%Z 按字母表排序的时区缩写 (例如，EDT)
默认情况下，日期的数字区域以0 填充。
+ 记号 将记号解析为字符串，即使它是一个类似"match"或
运算符"/"那样的关键字
( 表达式 ) 表达式的值
--output-delimiter=STR 依照STR 分列
--userspec=用户:组 指定所用的用户及用户组(可使用“数字”或“名字”)
--groups=组列表 指定可供选择的用户组列表，形如组1，组2，组3...
-0, --null 以空字符而非新行符结束每一输出行
-A, --address-radix=初始偏移 设置要显示的文件的初始偏移量
-j, --skip-bytes=字节数 略过指定字节数的输入内容
-A,--auto-reference 输出自动生成的引用
-G,--traditional 行为类似System V 的"ptx"
-F,--flag-trunctaion=字符串 使用指定字符串来标识行的截断
-B, --block-size=大小 使用指定字节数的块
-b, --bytes 等于--apparent-size --block-size=1
-c, --total 显示总计信息
-D, --dereference-args 解除命令行中列出的符号连接
-C 每栏由上至下列出项目
--color[=WHEN] 控制是否使用色彩分辨文件。WHEN 可以是
"never"(默认)、"always"或"auto"其中之一
-d, --directory 当遇到目录时列出目录本身而非目录内的文件
-D, --dired 产生适合Emacs 的dired 模式使用的结果
-D 创建目标目录的所有必要的父目录，然后将源文件复制至该目录
-g, --group=组 自行设置所属组，而不是进程目前的所属组
-m, --mode=模式 自行设置权限模式(像chmod)，而不是rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=所有者 自行设置所有者(只适用于超级用户)
-D, --date-format=格式
使用遵循指定格式的页眉日期
-e[字符[宽度]], --expand-tabs[=字符[宽度]]
扩展输入的字符(制表符) 到制表符宽度(8)
-F, -f, --form-feed 使用出纸页页标代替新行作为页面间的分隔符
(使用-F 选项时报头为3 行,不使用时为5 行)
-G, --no-group 以一个长列表的形式，不输出组名
-h, --human-readable 与-l 一起，以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小
(例如 1K 234M 2G)
--si 同上面类似，但是使用1000 为基底而非1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
跟随命令行列出的符号链接
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
跟随命令行列出的目录的符号链接
--hide=PATTERN 隐藏符合PATTERN 模式的项目
(-a 或 -A 将覆盖此选项)
-I 在删除超过三个文件或者递归删除前要求确认。此选项比-i 提
示内容更少，但同样可以阻止大多数错误发生
--interactive[=WHEN] 根据指定的WHEN 进行确认提示：never，once (-I)，
或者always (-i)。如果此参数不加WHEN 则总是提示
-L 文件 指定文件存在且为符号链接(等于-h)
-O 文件 指定文件存在且属主ID 有效
-p 文件 指定文件存在且为命名管道
-r 文件 指定文件存在且具备读取权限
-s 文件 指定文件存在且其大小大于0
-L, --dereference 找出任何符号链接指示的真正目的地
-P, --no-dereference 不跟随任何符号链接(默认)
-0, --null 将每个空行视作0 字节而非换行符
-S, --separate-dirs 不包括子目录的占用量
-s, --summarize 只分别计算命令列中每个参数所占的总用量
-L, --logical 使用环境变量中的PWD，即使其中包含符号链接
-P, --physical 避免所有符号链接
-M, --macro-name=字符串 指定代替"xx"的宏名
-O, --format=roff 生成roff 格式输出
-R, --right-side-refs 将关联引用放置在右侧，不能和-w 选项叠加
-S, --sentence-regexp=正则表达式 用于匹配行末或句末
-T, --format=tex 生成TeX 格式输出
-N, --read-bytes=字节数 限制要转储的输入字节为指定的字节数
-S, --strings[=字节数] 输出至少包含指定字节数的字符相应的字串
-t, --format=类型 选取输出格式类型
-v, --output-duplicates 不使用"*"字符标记屏蔽的行
-w, --width[=字节数] 每一行只输出指定的字节数
--traditional 接受传统形式提交的参数
-P, --portability 使用POSIX 兼容的输出格式
--sync 取得使用量数据前先进行同步动作
-t, --type=类型 只显示指定文件系统为指定类型的信息
-T, --print-type 显示文件系统类型
-x, --exclude-type=类型 只显示文件系统不是指定类型信息
-v (忽略)
-S 根据文件大小排序
--sort=WORD 以下是可选用的WORD 和它们代表的相应选项：
extension -X status -c
none -U time -t
size -S atime -u
time -t access -u
version -v use -u
--time=WORD 和-l 同时使用时显示WORD 所代表的时间而非修改时
间：atime、access、use、ctime 或status；加上
--sort=time 选项时会以指定时间作为排序关键字
-S 文件 指定文件存在且为套接字文件
-t FD 已有一个终端打开了文件的描述符FD
-u 文件 指定文件存在且设置了setuid 位
-w 文件 指定文件存在且具备写入权限
-x 文件 指定文件存在且具备执行或搜索(针对目录)权限
-S, --suffix=后缀 自行指定备份文件的后缀
-t, --target-directory=目录 在指定目录中创建链接
-T, --no-target-directory 将链接名称当作普通文件
-v, --verbose 链接前先列出每个文件的名称
-S字符串, --sep-string[=字符串]
使用指定的字符串分栏，不使用-S 则使用默认的制表符
TAB 作为分隔符，与-J 和空格一起使用(等于-S" ")对
分栏选项无影响
-t, --omit-header 忽略页眉和页脚
-T, --omit-pagination
按照输入文件中的设置忽略页眉和页脚并除去所有分页记号
-v, --show-nonprinting
使用八进制反斜杠标记
-w, --width=页面宽度
为多栏页面输出将设置为指定的字符数(默认72)，
仅当-s[char] 选项不启用时有效(即保持默认值 72)。
-T, -w, --mesg 用+，- 或 ? 标注用户消息状态
-u, --users 列出已登录的用户
--message 等于-T
--writable 等于-T
-W, --page-width=页宽
总是将页宽设置为指定的(默认72)字符数，
除非-J 选项启用总是截断行，此参数与-S 或-s 冲突
-W, --word-regexp=正则表达式 使用正则表达式匹配每个关键字
-b, --break-file=文件 以文件中包含的单词为分隔字符
-f, --ignore-case 排序时合并小写字母和大写字母
-g, --gap-size=数值 指定多个输出区块间的列间隙尺寸
-i, --ignore-file=文件 从指定文件中读取忽略单词的列表
-o, --only-file=文件 只从指定文件中读取单词列表
-Z, --context=CTX 将对应名称文件的SELinux 安全环境设置为CTX
-Z, --context=CTX 将每个创建的目录的SELinux 安全环境设置为CTX
-a 只更改访问时间
-c, --no-create 不创建任何文件
-d, --date=字符串 使用指定字符串表示时间而非当前时间
-f (忽略)
-a, --across 设置每列从上到下输出，配合"-列数"选项一起使用
-c, --show-control-chars
使用头标(^G)和八进制反斜杠标记
-d, --double-space 加倍输出空白区域
-a, --all 包含虚拟文件系统
-B, --block-size=大小 使用指定字节数的块
--total 显示总计信息
-h, --human-readable 以可读性较好的格式显示尺寸(例如：1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si 计算时使用1000 为基底而非1024
-a, --all 输出所有文件的磁盘用量，不仅仅是目录
--apparent-size 显示表面用量，而并非是磁盘用量；虽然表面用量通常会
小一些，但有时它会因为稀疏文件间的"洞"、内部碎
片、非直接引用的块等原因而变大。
-a, --all 转换所有空格，包括但不只起始空格
--first-only 仅转换起始空格(覆盖-a 选项)
-t, --tabs=N 设置制表符宽度为N 而非默认的8(启用-a 选项)
-t, --tabs=列表 使用逗号分隔的列表列出制表符位置(启用-a 选项)
-a, --archive 等于-dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL 为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份
-b 类似--backup 但不接受参数
--copy-contents 在递归处理是复制特殊文件内容
-d 等于--no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N 指定后缀长度为N (默认为%d)
-b, --bytes=大小 指定每个输出文件的字节大小
-C, --line-bytes=大小 指定每个输出文件里最大行字节大小
-d, --numeric-suffixes 使用数字后缀代替字母后缀
-l, --lines=数值 指定每个输出文件有多少行
-b, --before 在行前而非行尾添加分隔标志
-r, --regex 将分隔标志视作正则表达式来解析
-s, --separator=字符串 使用指定字符串代替换行作为分隔标志
-b, --binary 以二进制模式读取
-b, --binary 以二进制模式读取(除非从标准输入读取否则为默认)
-b, --body-numbering=样式 使用指定样式编号文件的正文行目
-d, --section-delimiter=CC 使用指定的CC 分割逻辑页数
-f, --footer-numbering=样式 使用指定样式编号文件的页脚行目
-b, --bytes 计算字节数而不是列数
-s, --spaces 在空格处断行
-w, --width=宽度 使用指定的列宽度代替默认的80
-b, --bytes=列表 只选中指定的这些字节
-c, --characters=列表 只选中指定的这些字符
-d, --delimiter=分界符 使用指定分界符代替制表符作为区域分界
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks 忽略前导的空白区域
-d, --dictionary-order 只考虑空白区域和字母字符
-f, --ignore-case 忽略字母大小写
-b, --suffix-format=格式 使用sprintf 格式代替%02d
-f, --prefix=前缀 使用指定前缀代替"xx"
-k, --keep-files 不移除错误的输出文件
-c, --bytes=K 输出最后K 字节；另外，使用-c +K 从每个文件的
第K 字节输出
-c, --bytes=[-]K 显示每个文件的前K 字节内容；
如果附加"-"参数，则除了每个文件的最后K字节数据外
显示剩余全部内容
-n, --lines=[-]K 显示每个文件的前K 行内容；
如果附加"-"参数，则除了每个文件的最后K 行外显示
剩余全部内容
-c, --check 从文件中读取%s 的校验值并予以检查
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first 检查输入是否已排序，若已有序则不进行操作
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent 类似-c，但不报告第一个无序行
--compress-program=程序 使用指定程序压缩临时文件；使用该程序
的-d 参数解压缩文件
--files0-from=文件 从指定文件读取以NUL 终止的名称，如果该文件被
指定为"-"则从标准输入读文件名
-c, --count 在每行前加上表示相应行目出现次数的前缀编号
-d, --repeated 只输出重复的行
-c --crown-margin 保持前两行的缩进
-p, --prefix=字符串 只对以指定字符串开头的行重新格式化，
将前缀重新附着到被重新格式化的行上
-s, --split-only 分割过长的行，但不自动补足
-c, --no-create 不创建文件
-d, --delimiters=列表 改用指定列表里的字符替代制表分隔符
-s, --serial 不使用平行的行目输出模式，而是每个文件占用一行
-d, --directory 创建一个目录而非文件
-u, --dry-run 不创建任何东西，仅打印出名字。(仅供测试)
-q, --quiet 不显示任何有关文件或目录创建错误信息
-e 启用解释反斜杠的转义功能
-E 禁用解释反斜杠的转义功能(默认)
-e 启用解释反斜杠的转义功能(默认)
-E 禁用解释反斜杠的转义功能
-e, --echo 将每个参数视为输入行
-i, --input-range=LO-HI 将LO 到HI 的每个数字视为输入行
-n, --head-count=行数 最多输出指定的行数
-o, --output=文件 将结果输出到指定文件而非标准输出
--random-source=文件 从指定文件获得随机比特
-z, --zero-terminated 以0 结束行而非新行
-f 不进行排序，-aU 选项生效，-lst 选项失效
-F, --classify 加上文件类型的指示符号(*/=@| 其中一个)
--format=关键字 交错-x，逗号分隔-m，水平-x，长-l，
单栏-1，详细-l，垂直-C
--full-time 即-l --time-style=full-iso
-f 在短格式中省略列栏报头
-w 在短格式中省略用户全名
-i 在短格式中省略用户全名以及远程主机
-q 在短格式中省略用户全名、远程主机以及空闲时间
-f 即 -t fF，指定浮点数对照输出格式
-i 即 -t dl，指定十进制整数对照输出格式
-l 即 -t dL，指定十进制长整数对照输出格式
-o 即 -t o2，指定双字节单位八进制数的对照输出格式
-s 即 -t d2，指定双字节单位十进制数的对照输出格式
-x 即 -t x2，指定双字节单位十六进制数的对照输出格式
-f 文件 指定文件存在且为普通文件
-g 文件 指定文件存在且设置了setgid 位
-G 文件 指定文件存在且属组ID 有效
-h 文件 指定文件存在且为符号链接 (等价于 -L)
-k 文件 指定文件存在且设置了粘附位
-f, --canonicalize 递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
除最后一个外所有组件必须存在
-e, --canonicalize-existing 递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
所有组件都必须存在
-f, --fields=列表 只选中指定的这些域；并打印所有不包含分界符的
行，除非-s 选项被指定
-n (忽略)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
即时输出文件变化后追加的数据。
-f, --follow 等于--follow=descriptor
-F 即--follow=name --retry
-f, --force 如果目标文件无法打开则将其移除并重试(当 -n 选项
存在时则不需再选此项)
-i, --interactive 覆盖前询问(使前面的 -n 选项失效)
-H 跟随源文件中的命令行符号链接
-f, --force 必要时修改权限以使目标可写
-n, --iterations=N 覆盖N 次，而非使用默认的%d 次
--random-source=文件 从指定文件中取出随机字节
-s, --size=N 粉碎数据为指定字节的碎片(可使用K、M 和G 作为单位)
-f, --silent, --quiet 去除大部份的错误信息
-v, --verbose 为处理的所有文件显示诊断信息
--reference=参考文件 使用指定参考文件的模式，而非自行指定权限模式
-R, --recursive 以递归方式更改所有的文件及子目录
-f, --silent, --quiet 去除大部份错误信息
--reference=RFILE 使用参考文件的所属组，而非指定值
-R, --recursive 递归处理所有的文件及子目录
-v, --verbose 为处理的所有文件显示诊断信息
-f, --silent, --quiet 去除大部份的错误信息
--reference=参考文件 使用参考文件的所属组，而非指定值
-R, --recursive 递归处理所有的文件及子目录
-v, --verbose 为处理的所有文件显示诊断信息
-g 类似-l，但不列出所有者
-g GID[,GID1...] 将主组ID 设置为指定的数字GID，如果指定了GID1，
则同时添加这些附加组ID，...
-g, --general-numeric-sort 按照常规数值排序
-i, --ignore-nonprinting 只排序可打印字符
-M, --month-sort 比较 (未知) < "一月" < ... < "十二月"
在LC_ALL=C 时为(unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=样式 使用指定样式编号文件的页眉行目
-i, --page-increment=数值 设置每一行遍历后的自动递增值
-l, --join-blank-lines=数值 设置数值为多少的若干空行被视作一行
-n, --number-format=格式 根据指定格式插入行号
-p, --no-renumber 在逻辑页数切换时不将行号值复位
-s, --number-separator=字符串 可能的话在行号后添加字符串
-h, --header=页眉 在页眉中使用居中的指定字符代替文件名
-h "" 输出一个空行，不要使用 -h""
-i[字符[宽度]], --output-tabs[=字符[宽度]]
使用指定字符(或制表符)代替空格不足到指定制表符宽度(默认8)
-J, --join-lines 合并整个行，关闭-W 选项的行截断，不使用栏调整，使用
--sep-string[=字符串] 设置分隔符
-h, --human-numeric-sort 使用易读性数字(例如： 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference 会影响符号链接本身，而非符号链接所指示的目的地
(当系统支持更改符号链接的所有者时，此选项才有用)
-h, --no-dereference 会影响符号链接本身，而非符号链接所指示的目的地
(当系统支持更改符号链接的所有者时，此选项才有用)
-m 只更改修改时间
-i, --ignore-case 比较时忽略大小写
-j 域 等于"-1 域 -2 域"
-o 格式 按照指定格式构造输出行
-t 字符 使用指定字符作为输入和输出的分隔符
-i, --initial 不转换非空白符后的制表符
-t, --tabs=数字 设置每个制表符为指定数字的宽度，而不是默认的8
-i, --inodes 显示inode 信息而非块使用量
-k 即--block-size=1K
-l, --local 只显示本机的文件系统
--no-sync 取得使用量数据前不进行同步动作(默认)
-i, --interactive 删除文件前进行确认
-L, --logical 将硬链接创建为符号链接引用
-n, --no-dereference 如果目的地是一个链接至某目录的符号链接，会将
该符号链接当作普通文件处理，先将该已存在的链
接备份或删除
-s, --symbolic 创建符号链接而非硬链接
-k 等于--block-size=1K
-l, --count-links 如果是硬连接，就多次计算其尺寸
-m 等于--block-size=1M
-k, --key=位置1[,位置2] 在位置1 开始一个key，在位置2 终止(默认为行尾)
-m, --merge 合并已排序的文件，不再进行排序
-l 使用较长格式列出信息
-L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时，显示符号链接所指示
的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息
-m 所有项目以逗号分隔，并填满整行行宽
-l, --length=页长
使用指定页长的行数(默认66)
(默认文本行数为56，当启用-F 时为 63)
-m, --merge 在同一行显示所有文件，每个文件占用一栏，分割行，但是当
使用-J 时将行合并到完整长度
-l, --link 链接文件而不复制
-L, --dereference 总是跟随符号链接
-l，--login 显示系统登录进程
-m, --canonicalize-missing 递归跟随给出文件名的所有符号链接以标准化，
但不对组件存在性作出要求
-n, --no-newline 不输出尾随的新行
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent 缩减大多数的错误消息
-v, --verbose 报告所有错误消息
-m, --mode=模式 设置权限模式(类似chmod)，而不是rwxrwxrwx 减umask
-m, --mode=模式 设置权限模式(类似chmod)，而不是rwxrwxrwx 减umask
-p, --parents 需要时创建目标目录的上层目录，但即使这些目录已存在也不当作错误处理
-v, --verbose 每次创建新目录都显示信息
-Z, --context=CTX 将每个创建的目录的SELinux 安全环境设置为CTX
-n, --digits=数位 使用指定的进制数位代替二进制
-s, --quiet, --silent 不显示输出文件的尺寸计数
-z, --elide-empty-files 删除空的输出文件
-n, --lines=K 输出最后K 行，代替最后%d 行；使用-n +K 从每个文件的第K 字节输出
--max-unchanged-stats=N
使用--follow=name, 重新打开一个在N(默认为%d)
次迭代后没有改变大小的文件来看它是否被解除连
接或重命名(这是循环日志文件的通常情况)
-n, --no-clobber 不要覆盖已存在的文件(使前面的 -i 选项失效)
-P, --no-dereference 不跟随源文件中的符号链接
-n, --numeric-sort 根据字符串数值比较
-R, --random-sort 根据随机hash 排序
--random-source=文件 从指定文件中获得随机字节
-r, --reverse 逆序输出排序结果
-n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l，但列出UID 及GID 号
-N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)
-o 类似 -l，但不列出有关组的信息
-p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/"
-n[分隔符[位数]], --number-lines[=分隔符[位数]]
显示行号，使用指定(默认5) 位数，后接分隔符(默认TAB)
默认从输入文件的第一行开始计数
-N, --first-line-number=数字
从首页的首行以指定数字开始计数(参看"+首页")
-o, --indent=缩进量
将每行缩进(默认0)个空格，不影响-w 或-W 参数，
缩进亮的值将被加入页面宽度
-r, --no-file-warnings
当文件无法打开时忽略警告
-o, --output=文件 将结果写入到文件而非标准输出
-s, --stable 禁用last-resort 比较以稳定比较算法
-S, --buffer-size=大小 指定主内存缓存大小
-p 等于--preserve=模式,所有权,时间戳
--preserve[=属性列表 保持指定的属性(默认：模式,所有权,时间戳)，如果
可能保持附加属性：环境、链接、xattr 等
-p DIR 使用 DIR 作为目录名；隐式实现 -t(已废除)
-t 把 TEMPLATE 相对于目录$TMPDIR 作为单独的文件名
(如果设置了该参数的话)；此目录也可以通过-p 指定；还可
以通过/tmp指定[不推荐]
-p, --parents 删除指定目录及其上级文件夹，例如"rmdir -p a/b/c'"
与"rmdir a/b/c a/b a'" 基本相同
-v, --verbose 输出处理的目录详情
-p, --preserve-timestamps 修改源文件的访问/修改时间以与目标文件保持一致
-s, --strip 拆解符号表
--strip-program=程序 指定拆解二进制文件的程序
-S, --suffix=后缀 覆盖常用备份文件后缀
-t, --target-directory=目录 将源文件所有参数复制到指定目录
-T, --no-target-directory 将目标文件视为普通文件
-v, --verbose 创建目录时显示其名称
-q, --count 列出所有已登录用户的登录名与用户数量
-r, --runlevel 显示当前的运行级别
-s, --short 只显示名称、线路和时间(默认)
-q, --hide-control-chars 以"?"字符代替无法打印的字符
--show-control-chars 直接显示无法打印的字符 (这是默认方式，除非调用
的程序名称是"ls"而且是在终端输出结果)
-Q, --quote-name 将条目名称括上双引号
--quoting-style=方式 使用指定的quoting 方式显示条目的名称：
literal、locale、shell、shell-always、c、escape
-q, --quiet, --silent 不显示包含给定文件名的文件头
-v, --verbose 总是显示包含给定文件名的文件头
-r, --reference=文件 显示文件指定文件的最后修改时间
-R, --rfc-2822 以RFC 2822格式输出日期和时间
例如：2006年8月7日，星期一 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=文件 使用此文件的大小
-s, --size=大小 使用此大小
-r, --reference=文件 使用指定文件的时间属性而非当前时间
-t STAMP 使用[[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] 格式的时间而非当前时间
--time=WORD 使用WORD 指定的时间：access、atime、use 都等于-a
选项的效果，而modify、mtime 等于-m 选项的效果
-r, --references 设置每行的第一个区块为关联引用
-t, --typeset-mode -- 此功能尚未实现 --
-w, --width=数值 每列的输出宽度，不计关联引用
-r, --reverse 逆序排列
-R, --recursive 递归显示子目录
-s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸
-s, --only-delimited 不打印没有包含分界符的行
--output-delimiter=字符串 使用指定的字符串作为输出分界符，默认采用输入
的分界符
-s, --signal=信号，-信号
指定要发送的信号名或信号代码。
-l, --list 列出可用的信号名称，同时提供信号名与信号代码的对照
-t, --table 显示一个有关信号具体信息的表格。
-s, --sleep-interval=秒数 同-f 一起使用，在迭代间暂停约指定秒数的时间
(默认1.0 秒)
-v, --verbose 总是输出给出文件名的头
-s, --symbolic-link 只创建符号链接而不复制文件
-S, --suffix=后缀 自行指定备份文件的后缀
-t, --target-directory=目录 将所有参数指定的源文件/目录
复制至目标目录
-T, --no-target-directory 将目标目录视作普通文件
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
由单个字符分隔各列，未附加-w 时默认为制表符，否则为空。
另外除非-w 选项被指定，否则"-s[CHAR]"会屏蔽三个列相关
的截行选项(-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m)
-t 按修改时间排序
-T, --tabsize=COLS 指定制表符(Tab)的宽度，而非8个字符
-t 与-vT 等价
-T, --show-tabs 将跳格字符显示为^I
-u (被忽略)
-v, --show-nonprinting 使用^ 和M- 引用，除了LFD和 TAB 之外
-t, --field-separator=分隔符 使用指定的分隔符代替非空格到空格的转换
-T, --temporary-directory=目录 使用指定目录而非$TMPDIR 或%s 作为
临时目录，可用多个选项指定多个目录
-u, --unique 配合-c，严格校验排序；不配合-c，则只输出一次排序结果
-t, --tables=列表 指定制表符位置列表，用逗号分隔
-t, --tagged-paragraph 缩进首行以使其不同于第二行
-u, --uniform-spacing 每两个单词间保留一个空格，每句之后保留两个空格
-w, --width=宽度 最大行宽(默认为75 列宽度)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY 将所有参数指定的源文件或目录
移动至 指定目录
-T, --no-target-directory 将目标文件视作普通文件处理
-u, --update 只在源文件文件比目标文件新，或目标文件
不存在时才进行移动
-v, --verbose 详细显示进行的步骤
-t, --text 以纯文本模式读取(从标准输入读取时为默认)
-t, --text 以纯文本模式读取(默认)
-u 同-lt 一起使用：按照访问时间排序并显示
同-l一起使用：显示访问时间并按文件名排序
其他：按照访问时间排序
-U 不进行排序；按照目录顺序列出项目
-v 在文本中进行数字(版本)的自然排序
-u, --remove 覆盖后截断并删除文件
-v, --verbose 显示详细信息
-x, --exact 不将文件大小增加至最接近的块大小
-z, --zero 最后一次使用0 进行覆盖以隐藏覆盖动作
-u, --update 只在源文件比目标文件新，或目标文件
不存在时才进行复制
-v, --verbose 显示详细的进行步骤
-x, --one-file-system 不跨越文件系统进行操作
-u, --user=用户 设置指定用户的目标安全环境
-r, --role=角色 设置指定角色的目标安全环境
-t, --type=类型 设置指定类型的目标安全环境
-l, --range=范围 设置指定范围的目标安全环境
-v, --kernel-version 输出内核版本
-m, --machine 输出主机的硬件架构名称
-p, --processor 输出处理器类型或"unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform 输出硬件平台或"unknown"
-o, --operating-system 输出操作系统名称
-v, --starting-line-number=数字 每个逻辑页上的第一行的行号
-w, --number-width=数字 为行号使用指定的栏数
-w, --check-chars=N 对每行第N 个字符以后的内容不作对照
-w, --width=COLS 自行指定萤幕宽度而不使用目前的数值
-x 逐行列出项目而不是逐栏列出
-X 根据扩展名排序
-1 每行只列出一个文件
-x, --one-file-system 跳过处于不同文件系统之上的目录
-X, --exclude-from=文件 排除与指定文件中描述的模式相符的文件
--exclude=PATTERN 排除与PATTERN 中描述的模式相符的文件
--max-depth=N 显示目录总计(与--all 一起使用计算文件)
当N 为指定数值时计算深度为N；
--max-depth=0 等于--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated 以0 字节而非新行作为行尾标志
处于不可中断睡眠状态的程序同样影响系统平均负载。
[:graph:] 所有的可打印字符，不包括空格
[:lower:] 所有的小写字母
[:print:] 所有的可打印字符，包括空格
[:punct:] 所有的标点字符
[:space:] 所有呈水平或垂直排列的空白字符
[:upper:] 所有的大写字母
[:xdigit:] 所有的十六进制数
[=字符=] 所有和指定字符相等的字符
\0NNN 字节数以八进制数 NNN (1至3位)表示
\xHH 字节数以十六进制数 HH (1至2位)表示
\NNN 字节以八进制数 NNN(1至3位数)表示
\xHH 字节以十六进制数 HH(1至2位数)表示
\uHHHH Unicode(ISO/IEC 10646)字符以十六进制数 HHHH(4位数)表示
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode 字符以十六进制数 HHHHHHHH(8位数)表示
\\ 反斜杠
\a 响铃声
\b 退格
\c 不再产生新的输出
\e 转义符
\f 换页
\n 新行
\r 回车
\t 水平制表符
\v 竖直制表符
\v 垂直制表符
字符1-字符2 从字符1 到字符2 的升序递增过程中经历的所有字符
[字符*] 在SET2 中适用，指定字符会被连续复制直到吻合设置1 的长度
[字符*次数] 对字符执行指定次数的复制，若次数以 0 开头则被视为八进制数
[:alnum:] 所有的字母和数字
[:alpha:] 所有的字母
[:blank:] 所有呈水平排列的空白字符
[:cntrl:] 所有的控制字符
[:digit:] 所有的数字
ascii 由EBCDIC 码转换至ASCII 码
ebcdic 由ASCII 码转换至EBCDIC 码
ibm 由ASCII 码转换至替换的EBCDIC 码
block 将结束字符块里的换行替换成等长的空格
unblock 将cbs 大小的块中尾部的空格替换为一个换行符
lcase 将大写字符转换为小写
binary 使用二进制I/O 存取模式
cio 使用并行I/O 存取模式
d[尺寸] 有符号十进制数，每个整形数占指定尺寸的字节
f[尺寸] 浮点数，每个整形数占指定尺寸的字节
o[尺寸] 八进制数，每个整形数占指定尺寸的字节
u[尺寸] 无符号十进制数，每个整形数占指定尺寸的字节
x[尺寸] 十六进制数，每个整形数占指定尺寸的字节
direct 使用直接I/O 存取模式
directory 除非是目录，否则 directory 失败
dsync 使用同步I/O 存取模式
fullblock 为输入积累完整块(仅iflag)
if=文件 从指定文件中读取
iflag=符号 按照以逗号分隔的符号列表指定的方式读取
obs=比特数 一次写入指定比特数(默认：512)
of=文件 写入到指定文件
oflag=符号 按照以逗号分隔的符号列表指定的方式写入
seek=块数 在输出开始处跳过指定的块数
skip=块数 在输入开始处跳过指定的块数
status=noxfer 禁止传输统计
noatime 不更新存取时间
notrunc 不截断输出文件
ucase 将小写字符转换为大写
swab 交换每一对输入数据字节
noerror 读取数据发生错误后仍然继续
sync 将每个输入数据块以NUL 字符填满至ibs 的大小；当配合block
或unblock 时，会以空格代替NUL 字符填充
noctty 不根据文件指派控制终端
noerror 读取数据发生错误后仍然继续
sync 把每个输入的块以 NUL 填充至 ibs 的大小
如果配合 block 或 unblock 使用, 则以空格代替 NUL 填充
fdatasync 结束前将输出文件数据写入磁盘
fsync 类似上面，但是元数据也一同写入
nofollow 不跟随链接文件
nolinks 如果有多重链接，则nolinks 失败
nonblock 使用无阻塞I/O 存取模式
none, off 不进行备份(即使使用了--backup 选项)
numbered, t 备份文件加上数字进行排序
existing, nil 若有数字的备份文件已经存在则使用数字，否则使用普通方式备份
simple, never 永远使用普通方式备份
sync 与上者类似，但同时也对元数据生效
text 使用文本I/O 存取模式
%4s-块 已用 可用 已用%% %H:%M %s-块 已用 可用 配额 (备份：%s) * [-]ctlecho 在头字符中输出控制符号("^c")
[-]echo 回显输入字符
* [-]echoctl 等于[-]ctlecho
[-]echoe 等于[-]crterase
[-]echok 在每清除一个字符后输出一次换行
* [-]echoke 等于[-]crtkill 意义相同
[-]echonl 即使没有回显任何其它字符也输出换行
* [-]echoprt 在"\"和"/"之间向后显示擦除的字符
[-]icanon 启用erase、kill、werase 和rprnt 等特殊字符
[-]iexten 允许POSIX 标准以外的特殊字符
* [-]iuclc 将大写字母转换为小写
* [-]ixany 使得任何字符都会重启输出，不仅仅是起始字符
[-]ixoff 启用开始/停止字符传送
[-]ixon 启用XON/XOFF 流控制
[-]parmrk 标记奇偶校验错误 (结合255-0 字符序列)
[-]tandem 等于[-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 假定输入字符都是UTF-8 编码
* [-]ocrnl 将回车转换为换行符
* [-]ofdel 使用删除字符代替空字符作填充
* [-]ofill 延迟时使用字符填充代替定时器同步
* [-]olcuc 转换小写字母为大写
* [-]onlcr 将换行符转换为回车
* [-]onlret 使得换行符的行为表现和回车相同
* [-]onocr 不在第一列输出回车
[-]opost 后续进程输出
* tabN 水平制表符延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至3
* tabs 等于tab0
* -tabs 等于tab3
* vtN 垂直制表符延迟的风格，N 的值为0 至1
* eol2 字符 为表示行尾而发送的另一个可选字符
erase 字符 擦除前一个输入文字的字符
intr 字符 用于发送中断信号的字符
kill 字符 用于擦除当前终端行的字符
* lnext 字符 用于输入下一个引用文字的字符
quit 字符 用于发送退出信号的字符
* rprnt 字符 用于重绘当前行的字符
start 字符 在停止后重新开启输出的字符
* rows N 向内核通告此终端有N 行
* size 根据内核信息输出当前终端的行数和列数
speed 输出终端速度(单位为波特)
time N 和-icanon 配合使用，设置读取超时为N 个十分之一秒
??:???? 挂载点
TTY 环境=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu 组= 旧的 在循环位%s
内存使用率% 1%，b 1、K 1024 (默认)，M、G、T、P、E、Z、Y 等依此类推。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
*** 警告 ***
本地环境变量会影响排序结果。
如果希望以字节的自然值获得最传统的排序结果，请设置LC_ALL=C。
%.*s：无效的转换声明 %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu 个用户 %s %s (正则表达式 %s) %s -> %s (还原备份)
%s [-d] 不正常结束 %s 与%s 为同一文件 %s 存在但并非目录 %s 已被建立，正在跟随新文件的末尾 %s 已经可以访问 %s 已不可访问 %s 已被替换为一个远程文件，放弃跟踪 %s 已被替换为tail 无法处理的文件，放弃跟踪 %s 已被替换，正在跟随新文件的末尾 %s 的文件类型不详 %s 的文件大小为负数，无法使用 %s 的主页：<%s>
%s 项目主页：
%s 不是有效的正整数 %s 太大 %s 只能用于启用了SELinux 支持的内核 已指定%s 但未指定%s %s%s 参数"%s"太大 %s：%s 过大以至于无法表示 %s：%s：行数超出范围 %s：%s：无匹配 %s：%s:%s：无序： %s：打开或读取失败
%s：无此用户 %s：在重复计数中需要"}"字符 %s: 预期为双目运算符 %s：只能于当前目录中创建相对的符号链接 %s：无法更改非阻塞模式 %s：无法找到用户ID 为%lu 的用户名
%s：无法跟随此类型文件的末尾，已放弃 %s：lseek 无法回溯到初始位置 %s：无法覆盖目录 %s：无法反绕操作 %s：无法搜索 %s：无法检索相对偏移量的末尾 %s %s：无法检索到偏移量%s %s：无法检索相对偏移量 %s %s：不能对只可追加数据的文件描述符(file descriptor) 进行粉碎 %s：无法跳过 %s：无法跳至指定偏移量 %s：闭合定义符"%c"缺失 %s：无法重置非阻塞模式 %s：是否进入目录%s? %s：是否进入有写保护的目录%s ？ %s：文件结束 %s：同类操作数必须是单个字符 %s：截断文件时出错 %s：在位置%s 写入时出现错误 %s：需要一个数值 %s：无法关闭 %s：无法以写模式打开 %s：删除失败 %s：文件控制操作失败(fcntl) %s：fadatsync 失败 %s：文件的大小为负数 %s：文件被过度收缩 %s：文件过大 %s：文件太大 %s：文件已截断 %s：获取文件状态失败(fstat) %s：fsync 失败 %s: 不允许将硬链接指向目录 %s：输入内容中含有循环段落： %s：输入内容的行数为奇数 %s：输入文件是输出文件 %s：分界符后应该跟随整数 %s：无效的进程号 %s：在%s 处的计数无效 %s：无效指令 %s：无效的区块规格%s %s：文件大小无效 %s：无效的文件类型 %s：两次打开的间隔因过大而无效 %s：无效数字 %s：无效的字节数 %s：无效的行数 %s：覆盖次数无效 %s：无效的秒数 %s：无效的忽略数 %s：无效选项 -- %c
%s：无效的模式 %s：无效的进程号 %s：无效的正则表达式：%s %s：无效的信号 %s：文件类型无效 %s：行号必须大于0 %s：行数超出范围 %s：lseek 失败 %s：同时指定了多个信号 %s：新的权限为%s，而非%s %s：找不到格式适用的%s 校验和 %s：此设备没有大小信息 %s：不会再列出已经列出的目录 %s：字节数过大 %s：选项"%c%s"不允许带参数
%s：选项"%s"歧义
%s：选项"--%s"不允许带参数
%s：选项"-W %s"不允许带参数
%s：选项"-W %s"歧义
%s：选项必需带参数 -- "%c"
%s：是否覆盖%s？ %s：第%lu 次，共%lu 次 (%s)... %s：第%lu 次，共%lu 次 (%s)...%s %s：第%lu 次，共%lu 次 (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s：读取出错 %s：是否删除%s %s？ %s：递归删除所有参数？ %s：删除所有参数？ %s：是否删除有写保护的%s %s？ %s：已删除 %s：正在删除 %s：名称已更改为 %s %s：是否替换%s？ %s：检索失败 %s：校验和的行数过多 %s：是否覆盖%s，而不理会权限模式%04lo (%s)？ %s：不能确定最大文件名长度 %s：无法执行所有请求的操作 %s: 预期为单目运算符 %s：无法识别的选项"%c%s"
%s：无法识别的选项"--%s"
%s：给定值不能完全转换 %s：写入出错 %s：%lu：此行无效；缺少了第二栏数据 %s：%lu：无效的 0 长度文件名 %s：%lu：无法识别的关键字%s %s}：在"{"和"}"之间需要一个整数声明 " 预期为')' 预期为 ')'，实际为%s (C) * 文件系统是存放于缓存位置，比如NFS 第三版用户端
* 压缩文件系统
* 有纪录结构或是日志式文件系统，如AIX 及Solaris 使用的文件系统 (以及
JFS、ReiserFS、XFS、Ext3 等)
* 会重复写入数据，及即使一部份写入动作失败后仍可继续的文件系统，如使用
RAID 的文件系统
* 会不时进行快照记录的文件系统，像Network Applicance 的NFS 服务器
，平均负载：%.2f ，%g 秒，%s/秒
--%s 参数%s 太长 --context (-Z) 选项只能在开启SELinux 支持的内核上使用 --reflink 只能与--sparse=auto 一起用 -R --dereference 需要-H 或-L 其中之一 -R -h 需要-P -ef 不能与-l 同时使用 -nt 不能与-l 同时使用 -ot 不能于-l 同时使用 <内部数据> ???
????? 已中止 主机名的地址家族不被支持 时钟警告 长选项必须用的参数在使用短选项时也是必须的。
全部请求已完成 参数缓冲区太小 Arnold Robbins 错误的系统调用 错误的ai_flags 值 Brian Fox 管道中断 总线错误 警告：请注意使用shred 时有一个很重要的条件：
文件系统会在原来的位置覆盖指定的数据。传统的文件系统符合此条件，但许多现代
的文件系统都不符合条件。以下是会令shred 无效或不担保一定有效的文件系统的
例子：
备注 CPU 时间超时 调用 link 函数创建从既存的文件1 到文件2 的链接。
调用 unlink 函数删除指定的文件。
更改有效用户ID 和组ID 为指定用户。
-, -l, --login 使该shell 成为登录shell
-c, --command=命令 向shell 传递单一命令
-f, --fast 针对csh 或tcsh 传递-f
-m, --preserve-environment 不重设环境变量
-p 等于-m
-s, --shell=SHELL 如果/etc/shells allows 则运行指定的SHELL
将每个指定文件的所属组设置为指定值。
如果使用 --reference，则将每个文件的所属组设置为与指定参考文件相同。
-c, --changes 类似 --verbose，但只在有更改时才显示结果
--dereference 影响符号链接所指示的对象，而非符号链接本身(默认值)
将每个文件的模式更改为指定值。
-c, --changes 类似 --verbose，但只在有更改时才显示结果
更改每个文件的所有者和/或所属组。
当使用 --referebce 参数时，将文件的所有者和所属组更改为与指定参考文件相同。
-c, --changes 类似 verbose，但只在有更改时才显示结果
--dereference 受影响的是符号链接所指示的对象，而非符号链接本身
将每个文件的安全环境变更至指定环境。
使用 --reference 选项时，把指定文件的安全环境设置为与参考文件相同。
-h, --no-dereference 影响符号连接而非引用的文件。
Chet Ramey 子进程已退出 Colin Plumb 逐行比较已排序的文件文件1 和文件2。
将[文件]或标准输入组合输出到标准输出。
-A, --show-all 等于-vET
-b, --number-nonblank 对非空输出行编号
-e 等于-vE
-E, --show-ends 在每行结束处显示"$"
-n, --number 对输出的所有行编号
-s, --squeeze-blank 不输出多行空行
已继续 将每个指定文件中的空白字符转换为制表符并写到标准输出。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
将每个文件中的制表符转换为空格，写到标准输出。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为"-"，程序将从标准输入读取数据。
将源文件复制至目标文件，或将多个源文件复制至目标目录。
复制文件，依照操作数转换并格式化。
bs=比特数 一次读写的比特数(参见 ibs=,obs=)
cbs=比特数 一次转换的比特数
conv=CONVS 依照每个逗号分割的标志列表转换文件
count=块数 只将指定个块数复制到块
ibs=比特数 一次读取的比特数(默认：512)
将标准输入复制到每个指定文件，并显示到标准输出。
-a, --append 内容追加到给定的文件而非覆盖
-i, --ignore-interrupts 忽略中断信号
安全地创建一个临时文件或目录，并且打输出它的名字。
TEMPLATE 最后部分必须含有至少 3 个连续的”X“。
如果 TEMPLATE 没有指定，将会使用 tmp.XXXXXXXXXX。
以指定的名称创建先进先出文件(FIFO)。
若指定目录不存在则创建目录。
创建指定类型和名称的特殊文件。
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore 判断无效或未移植的文件名。
-p 为类POSIX 兼容系统检查
-P 检查空文件名和前导"-"文件名
--portability 为完整POSIX 兼容系统检查(等于-p -P)
主目录： 显示文件或文件系统的状态。
-L, --dereference 跟随链接
-f, --file-system 显示文件系统状态而非文件状态
以给定的格式显示当前时间，或是设置系统日期。
-d,--date=字符串 显示指定字符串所描述的时间，而非当前时间
-f,--file=日期文件 类似--date，从日期文件中按行读入时间描述
Dmitry V. Levin 使用指定的用户(数字ID 或者用户名) 替代原有用户ID 和组ID 运行连同参数的指定命令
如果无法指定请求的用户和组ID 则以状态号111 退出，否则以所执行命令的终止状态号退出。
此程序通常仅在使用root 运行时有用 (root 的用户ID 为0)。
捕获EMT 信号 退出 每种参数格式表示范围如下：
N 从第1 个开始数的第N 个字节、字符或域
N- 从第N 个开始到所在行结束的所有字符、字节或域
N-M 从第N 个开始到第M 个之间(包括第M 个)的所有字符、字节或域
-M 从第1 个开始到第M 个之间(包括第M 个)的所有字符、字节或域
当没有文件参数，或者文件不存在时，从标准输入读取
将 STRING 回显到标准输出。
-n 不尾随换行符
Eric Blake 以表示失败的状态值退出 以表示成功的状态值退出 退出状态值取决于表达式。
F. Pinard 失败 FIXME：未知 指定的格式必须适用于显示"double"类型的参数；当首数、增量和尾数均为指定
精确度的定点十进制数时默认为"%.精确度f"，否则默认为"%g"。
先进先出(FIFO)文件不需要指定主、次设备号。 文件大小超过限制 文件系统 文件系统 类型 从输入文件或者标准输入中筛选相邻的匹配行并写入到输出文件或标准输出。
不附加任何选项时匹配行将在首次出现处被合并。
浮点数异常 要获取完整文档，请运行：info coreutils '%s invocation'
针对每一对具有相同内容的输入行，整合为一行写到标准输出，
默认的内容连接区块是由第一个空白符代表的分界符号。当文件1
或文件2 都被指定为"-"时，程序将从标准输入读取数据。
-a 文件编号 文件编号的值可以是1 或2，分别对应文件1 和 文件2。
此选项用于根据指定文件编号输出不成对的行目。
-e 字符 将缺失的输入区块替换为指定字符
强迫将已更改的数据写入磁盘，并更新超级块。
GNU 软件一般性帮助：
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin 挂起 可能需要I/O 空闲 Ian Lance Taylor 空闲 如果文件没有指定，则使用%s，%s 是通用的相关文件。
非法操作 另外，文件系统备份和远程镜像可能会
包含不能被删除的文件副本，这将会
允许碎片文件被恢复。
实名： 在第一种格式中，创建指定名称且指向指定目标链接。
在第二种格式中，在当前目录创建指向目标位置的链接。
在第三、四种格式中，在指定目录中创建指向指定目标的链接。
默认创建硬链接，当使用--symbolic 时创建符号链接。
当创建硬链接时每个指定的目标都必须存在。符号链接可以指向任意的位置，
当链接解析正常时，将其解析为一个与其父目录关联的链接。
在Ext3 文件系统中，以上免责声明仅适用于启用了data=journal 模式的情况，
此时文件日志记录了附加的元数据 shred 的作用将受到影响。在data=ordered(默认)
或data=writeback 模式下shred 仍然有效。
Ext3 日志模式可通过向/etc/fstab 的挂载选项中添加data=something 进行设置，
您可以查看mount 的man 页面以获得详细信息。
无穷量 B 信息请求 中断 被信号中断 无效的后向引用 无效的字符类型名 无效的校勘字符 \{\} 中内容无效 无效的前置正则表达式 无效的范围结束符 无效的正则表达式 James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf 已杀死 线路 登录 列出 FILE 的信息(默认为当前目录)。
如果不指定-cftuvSUX 或--sort 选项，则根据字母大小排序。
登录 登录名： 长选项必须使用的参数对于短选项时也是必需使用的。
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn 内存分配失败 内存耗尽 Michael Meskes Michael Ston Mike Haertel Mike Parker 名称 名字 名称或服务未知 没有与主机名关联的地址 无匹配 缺少之前的正则表达式 名称解析时出现不可恢复的错误 确定 当进行不含缩减的删除操作时只能给定一组字符串。 不带数字的--string 选项代表3；不带数字的--width 选项代表32。
默认情况下od 使用 -A o -t oS -w16 参数。
排序选项：
其他选项：
输出一串预排的文件索引信息，包括输入文件中各单词的环境。
输出用来设置 LS_COLORS 环境变量的命令。
指定输出的规格：
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell 输出设置LS_COLORS 的Bourne shell 命令
-c, --csh, --c-shell 输出设置LS_COLORS 的C shell 命令
-p, --print-database 输出默认的色彩设置
将输入内容拆分为固定大小的分片并输出到"前缀aa"、"前缀ab",...；
默认以 1000 行为拆分单位，默认前缀为"x"。如果不指定文件，或
者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
按照指定的格式将文件分块为"xx00"、"xx01"...并输出。
同时每个分块文件的字节数也将被输出到标准输出。
为Shell 脚本格式输出基于操作平台的限制参数。
根据文件判断输出当前有谁正登录在系统上。
如果文件未予指定，则使用%s，%s 是通用的相关文件。
多次覆盖文件，使得即使是昂贵的硬件探测仪器也难以将数据复原。
进程号 由%s 打包
由%s (%s)打包
Padraig Brady 对指定文件附注打印所需的页码或聚焦。
参数字符串编码不正确 密码： Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat 计划：
电源错误 正则表达式异常结束 按照指定格式打印参数或按照选项执行该参数：
输出每个文件的 CRC 校验值和字节统计。
去掉前导的目录部分后打印"名称"。
如果指定的话，还会去掉尾随的"后缀"。
输出已经去除了尾部的"/"字符部分的名称；如果名称中不包含"/"，
则显示"."(表示当前目录)。
输出一组系统信息。如果不跟随选项，则视为只附加-s 选项。
-a, --all 以如下次序输出所有信息。其中若-p 和
-i 的探测结果不可知则被省略：
-s, --kernel-name 输出内核名称
-n, --nodename 输出网络节点上的主机名
-r, --kernel-release 输出内核发行号
为每个指定的文件输出校验和以及块计数。
-r 使用BSD 加和算法，以1 KB 为一个块
-s, --sysv 使用System V 加和算法，以51双字节为一个块
显示每个输入的用户名所在的全部组，如果没有指定用户名则默认为当前进程用户(当用户组数据库发生变更时可能导致差异)。
显示当前已登录的用户信息。
输出机器的体系结构。
以指定增量从首数开始打印数字到尾数。
-f, --format=格式 使用printf 样式的浮点格式
-s, --separator=字符串 使用指定字符串分隔数字(默认使用：\n)
-w, --equal-width 在列前添加0 使得宽度相同
输出或修改终端参数。
-a, --all 以可读性较好的方式输出全部当前设置
-g, --save 以stty 可读取的格式输出当前全部设置
-F, --file=设备 打开并使用指定设备代替标准输入
从每个文件中输出指定部分到标准输出。
输出当前时间，系统启动时间，当前登录用户数以及最近1、5 和15 分钟系统运行
队列中的平均任务数。 显示出连接到当前标准输入的终端设备文件名。
-s, --silent, --quiet 什么也不显示，只返回退出状态值
将每个指定文件的头10 行显示到标准输出。
如果指定了多于一个文件，在每一段输出前会给出文件名作为文件头。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
输出当前工作目录的完整名称。
显示每个指定文件的最后%d 行到标准输出。
若指定了多于一个文件，程序会在每段输出的开始添加相应文件名作为头。
如果不指定文件或文件为"-" ，则从标准输入读取数据。
显示当前用户的名称。
打印当前进程可用的处理器数，
此数目可能小于实际工作数
输出每个指定的数字的素因子，如果没有在命令行中指定则从标准输入读取。
显示与当前的有效用户ID 相关联的用户名。
与id -un 相同。
显示指定用户或当前用户(当未指定用户时)的用户与组信息。
-a 忽略，仅为与其他版本相兼容而设计
-Z, --context 仅显示当前用户的安全环境
-g, --group 仅显示有效的用户组ID
-G, --groups 显示所有组的ID
-n, --name 显示组名称而非数字，不与-ugG 一起使用
-r, --real 显示真实ID 而非有效ID，与-ugG 一起使用
-u, --user 仅显示有效用户ID
输出符号链接值或权威文件名。
正在处理请求 定时器描述已过期 项目： Q. Frank Xia 退出 Randy Smith 实时信号%d 重新格式化文件中每个段落并输出到标准输出
选项 "-宽度" 是"--width=数字" 的缩写。
正则表达式过长 删除 (unlink) 文件。
-f, --force 强制删除。忽略不存在的文件，不提示确认
-i 在删除前需要确认
删除指定的空目录。
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
忽略仅由目录非空产生的所有错误
将源文件重命名为目标文件，或将源文件移动至指定目录。
重复输出一行指定的字符串，或者重复输出"y"。
请向 %2$s 报告 %1$s 的错误
请向 报告%s 的翻译错误
请求已取消 请求未取消 资源丢失 Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson 以指定的优先级运行命令，这会影响相应进程的调度。
如果不指定命令，程序会显示当前的优先级。优先级的范围是从 %d
(最大优先级) 到 %d (最小优先级)。
-n, --adjustment=N 对优先级数值加上指定整数N (默认为10)
以指定的新根为运行指定命令时的的根目录。
忽略挂起信号运行指定的命令。
运行标准流缓冲区操作已改变的 COMMAND。
以不同的安全环境运行程序。
如果没有指定环境或命令之一，输出当前安全环境。
环境 完整的安全环境描述
-c, --compute 在更改前计算环境变化
-t, --type=类型 类型(与父进程角色相同)
-u, --user=用户 用户身份
-r, --role=角色 角色
-l, --range=范围 级别范围
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller 段错误 向进程发送信号，或是列出可用信号。
ai_socktype 不支持 Servname 请设置LC_ALL='C' 以避免出现问题。 设置一个环境变量的"名称=键值"并运行命令。
-i, --ignore-environment 以无定义的环境启动
-0, --null 以空字符而非新行符结束每一输出行
-u, --unset=名称 从当前环境中撤消一个变量
Shell： 显示每个文件所在的文件系统的信息，默认是显示所有文件系统。
将文件缩减或扩展至指定大小。
如果指定文件不存在则创建。
如果指定文件超出指定大小则超出的数据将丢失。
如果指定文件小于指定大小则用0 补足。
Simon Josefsson 创建块设备文件时，必需指定主、次设备号。 栈错误 已停止 已停止(信号) 已停止(tty 输入) 已停止(tty 输出) Stuart Kemp 成功 计算每个文件的磁盘用量，目录则取总用量。
系统错误 时间 名称解析出现临时错误 已终止 以下可选标记可以跟在"%"后:
- (连字符)不填充该域
_ (下划线)以空格填充
0 (数字0)以0 填充
^ 如果可能，使用大写字母
# 如果可能，使用相反的大小写
以下选项是在指定了 -R 选项时被用于设置如何穿越目录结构体系。
如果您指定了多于一个选项，那么只有最后一个会生效。
-H 如果命令行参数是一个通到目录的符号链接，则遍历符号链接
-L 遍历每一个遇到的通到目录的符号链接
-P 不遍历任何符号链接(默认)
要比较的字符串为%s 和%s。 Torbjorn Granlund 跟踪/断点陷阱 末尾的反斜杠 从标准输入中替换、缩减和/或删除字符，并将结果写到标准输出。
-c, -C, --complement 首先补足SET1
-d, --delete 删除匹配SET1 的内容，并不作替换
-s, --squeeze-repeats 如果匹配于SET1 的字符在输入序列中存在连续的
重复，在替换时会被统一缩为一个字符的长度
-t, --truncate-set1 先将SET1 的长度截为和SET2 相等
请尝试执行"%s --help"来获取更多信息。
尝试使用"%s ./%s"删除文件%s。
当同时重复删除和缩减时必须给出两组字符串。 当进行替换操作时必须给定两组字符串。 Ulrich Drepper 未知错误 未知信号%d 未知的系统错误 未匹配的( 或\( 未匹配的 ) 或 \) 未匹配的[ 或[^ 未匹配的\{ 将每个文件的访问时间和修改时间改为当前时间。
不存在的文件将会被创建为空文件，除非使用-c 或-h 选项。
如果文件名为"-"则特殊处理，更改与标准输出相关的文件的访问时间。
急需I/O 条件 用法：%s
用法：%s 命令 [参数]...
或：%s 选项
用法: %s 环境 命令 [参数]
或: %s [ -c ] [-u 用户] [-r 角色] [-t 类型] [-l 范围] 命令 [参数]
用法：%s 表达式
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 文件
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 文件1 文件2
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 格式 [参数]
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 名称
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 名称 [后缀]
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 数字[时间单位]...
或：%s 选项
暂停指定的秒数。时间单位可以是s 表示秒(默认设置)，m 表示分钟，
h 表示小时，d 表示天。 指定数字可以是一个整数，也可以是浮点数。
如果参数个数超过2 个，暂停的总时间为各个参数的值的和。
用法：%s [选项]... 命令
用法：%s 选项... 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]...
用法：%s [-F 设备 | --file=设备] [设置]...
或：%s [-F 设备 | --file=设备] [-a|--all]
或：%s [-F 设备 | --file=设备] [-g|--save]
用法：%s [-宽度] [选项]... [文件]...
用法：%s [-s 信号 | -信号] 进程号...
或：%s -l [信号]...
或：%s -t [信号]...
用法：%s [文件]...
或：%s [选项]
用法：%s [名称]
或：%s 选项
显示或设置当前系统的主机名。
用法：%s [数字]...
或：%s 选项
用法：%s [操作数] ...
或：%s 选项
用法：%s [选项]
用法：%s [选项]
显示当前主机的数字标识符(十六进制)。
用法：%s [选项] 新根 [命令 [参数]...]
或：%s 选项
用法：%s [选项] [命令 [参数]...]
用法：%s [选项] [文件]
对不完全排序的文件实行完整的列表排序。
如果不指定文件，或者文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
用法：%s [选项]...
用法: %s [选项]... 环境 文件...
或: %s [选项]... [-u 用户] [-r 角色] [-l 范围] [-t 类型] 文件...
或: %s [选项]... --reference=参考文件 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... 目录...
用法：%s [选项]... 文件
用法：%s [选项]... 文件 格式...
用法：%s [选项]... 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... 文件1 文件2
用法：%s [选项]... 用户组 文件...
或：%s [选项]... --reference=参考文件 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... 尾数
或：%s [选项]... 首数 尾数
或：%s [选项]... 首数 增量 尾数
用法：%s [选项]... 模式[,模式]... 文件...
或：%s [选项]... 八进制模式 文件...
或：%s [选项]... --reference=参考文件 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... 名称 类型 [主设备号 次设备号]
用法：%s [选项]... 名称...
用法：%s [选项]... SET1 [SET2]
用法：%s [选项]... [ 文件 | 参数1 参数2 ]
用法：%s [选项]... [+格式]
或：%s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
用法：%s [选项]... [-T] 源文件 目标文件
或：%s [选项]... 源文件... 目录
或：%s [选项]... -t 目录 源文件...
用法：%s [选项]... [-T] 源文件 目标文件
或：%s [选项]... 源文件... 目录
或：%s [选项]... -t 目录 源文件...
或：%s [选项]... -d 目录...
用法：%s [选项]... [-T] 目标 链接名 (第一种格式)
或：%s [选项]... 目标 (第二种格式)
或：%s [选项]... 目标... 目录 (第三种格式)
或：%s [选项]... -t 目录 目标... (第四种格式)
用法：%s [选项]... [-] [名称=值]... [命令 [参数]...]
用法：%s [选项]... [-] [用户 [参数]... ]
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]
用法： %s [选项]... [文件]
或者: %s -e [选项]... [参数]...
或者: %s -i LO-HI [选项]...
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]
使用 Base64 编码/解码文件或标准输入输出。
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]...
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]...
或：%s [-abcdfilosx]... [文件] [[+]偏移量[.][b]]
或：%s --traditional [选项]... [文件] [[+]偏移量[.][b] [+][标签][.][b]]
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]...
或：%s [选项]... --files0-from=F
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]...
显示或检查 %s(%d-bit) 校验和。
若没有文件选项，或者文件处为"-"，则从标准输入读取。
用法：%s [选项]... [文件]
用法：%s [选项]... [输入 [前缀]]
用法：%s [选项]... [输入]... (不包括 -G 选项)
或：%s -G [选项]... [输入 [输出]]
用法：%s [选项]... [所有者][:[组]] 文件...
或：%s [选项]... --reference=参考文件 文件...
用法：%s [选项]... [TEMPLATE]
用法：%s [选项]... [用户名]
用法：%s [选项]... [用户名]...
用法: %s [选项]... [用户]...
用法： %s [选项]... [变量]...
显示指定的环境变量的值。
如果没有指定变量，则打印出所有变量的名称和值。
用法：%s [短选项]... 用户 命令 [参数]...
或：%s 长选项
用法：%s [短选项]... [字符串]...
或：%s 长选项
用法：%s [字符串]...
或：%s 选项
用法：%s [忽略任何命令行参数]
或：%s 选项
用法：%s 表达式
或：test
或：[表达式]
或：[ ]
或：[ 选项
用户自定义信号 1 用户自定义信号 2 使用 -s 选项会忽略 -L 和 -P。
否则当源为一个符号链接(默认%s)时，会由最后指定的一个选项来控制行为。
有效的参数为： 有效的文件系统格式序列：
%a 非超级用户可用的剩余块数
%b 文件系统的总数据块数
%c 文件系统中文件节点总数
%d 文件系统中空闲文件节点数
%f 文件系统中空闲块数
%C SELinux 安全环境字符串
虚拟记时器过期 警告：不推荐使用--page-increment，请使用--line-increment 警告：不推荐使用--preserve_context，请使用--preserve-context 警告：发现循环的目录架构。
这几乎可以肯定文件系统已经损坏。
** 请通知系统管理员。**
以下的目录是循环的一部份：
%s
警告：忽略--context (-Z) 参数，当前运行的内核没有启用SELinux 支持 警告：忽略--preserve-context 参数，当前运行的内核没有启用SELinux 支持 警告：忽略--strip-program 选项，因为-s 选项没有指明 警告： 从 来自 窗口已更改 如果您希望即时追查一个文件的有效名称而非描述内容(例如循环日志)，默认
的程序动作并不如您所愿。在这种场合可以使用--follow=name 选项，它会使
tail 定期追踪打开给定名称的文件，以确认它是否被删除或被其它某些程序重新创建过。
对每个指定的文件(默认由标准输入读取)设置自动换行，并将重新排版后的结果输出到标准输出。
把输入行按随机顺序输出到标准输出。
将每个指定文件按行倒置并写到标准输出。
如果不指定文件，或文件为"-"，则从标准输入读取数据。
将指定的各个文件添加行号标注后写到标准输出。
如果不指定文件或指定文件为"-" ，程序将从标准输入读取数据。
将每个指定文件里的每一行整合到对应一行里写到标准输出，之间用制表符分隔。
如果没有指定文件，或指定文件为"-"，程序将从标准输入读取数据。
串联排序所有指定文件并将结果写到标准输出。
由%s 和%s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s、和其他人编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s、%s、%s、
%s、和%s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s、%s、%s
和%s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s、%s 和 %s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s、%s 和 %s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s、
%s 和 %s 编写。
由%s、%s、%s 和
%s 编写。
由%s、%s 和%s 编写。
由%s 编写。
在替换操作中字符串2 里不能出现表达式[=c=] ^[nN] ^[yY] " 有多余字符"-%c"或无效数字出现在参数%s 中 "--pages=首页[:末页]"缺失参数 "-N 编号"中含有无效的起始行号：%s "-w "中含有无效的字符数：%s "-l 页长"中含有无效的行号：%s "-o 页边距"中含有无效的行偏移量：%s "-w "中含有无效的字符数：%s 命令必须和调整值配合指定 正在访问%s 不支持的ai_family 不支持ai_socktype %2$s 的参数%1$s 不明确 只有当操作域时才可以指定输入分界符 把输出追加到%s 备份%s 会破坏源文件；未复制%s 备份%s 会破坏源文件；未移动%s 备份方式 块特殊文件 不支持区块特殊文件 单位中既有 SI 单位又有 IEC 单位 不能从标准输入同时读取两个文件 字节偏移量%s 过大 部分关联无法应用于文件%s 不能得到进程环境 无法访问%s 无法备份%s 不能既显示总用量，同时又显示每个项目 无法更改%s 的所有权 无法更改%s 的权限 无法进入目录%s 无法进入目录%s 无法切换到根目录 无法同时使用--target-directory (-t) 和--no-target-directory (-T) 选项 无法同时使用 --target-directory 和 --no-target-directory 不能同时指定-e 和-i 选项 不可将{ascii、ebcdic、idm}中的任意两个结合使用 不可将block 和unblock 结合使用 不可将excl 和nocreat 结合使用 不可将lcase 和ucase 结合使用 无法组合使用 mode 和 --reference 选项 无法将-l 或-t 选项结合使用 无法比较文件名%s 和 %s 无法将U+%04X 转换至用户的字符集 无法将U+%04X 转换至用户的字符集：%s 无法将目录%s 复制到自己%s 无法复制循环的符号链接%s 无法创建目录%s 无法创建先进先出文件%s 无法创建指向%2$s 的硬链接%1$s 无法创建链接%s 无法创建指向%2$s 的链接%1$s 无法创建普通文件%s 无法创建特殊文件%s 无法创建符号链接%s 无法创建指向%2$s 的符号链接%1$s 无法在%s 创建临时文件 无法取消%s 的引用 无法决定%s 所在的设备及inode 无法确定主机名 无法定位 %s 的位置，回归为 polling 机制 无法在 %s 上执行 ioctrl 无法找到ID 为%lu 的用户的属组 无法找到ID 为%lu 的用户的名称 无法按名称跟随%s 无法对%s 强制为目标环境，保持原样 无法获取%s 的文件状态(fstat) 无法获得当前目录 无法获取优先级 无法获取系统名 无法lseek %s 无法同时创建硬链接及符号链接 无法创建目录%s 无法将%s 移动至%s 无法将目录%s 移动至自身的子目录%s 下 无法将目录移动至非目录：%s -> %s 无法打开%s 读取数据 无法打开%s 读取数据 无法打开目录%s 无法创建符号链接%s 无法以非目录来覆盖目录%s 无法以目录%2$s 来覆盖非目录%1$s 不能执行格式化输出 无法保留扩展属性，当前使用的 cp 副本编译时没有启用 xattr 支持 无法在未启用SELinux 支持的内核上使用安全环境 有多种选择，无法输出唯一的 以默认格式无法只显示名称或只显示真实ID。 不能显示特定用户的安全环境 无法读取目录%s 无法从%s 中读取文件名 无法为 %s 读取文件系统信息 无法读取实时时钟 无法读取符号链接%s %s 无法读取已挂载上的文件系统的目录 无法删除%s 无法删除目录：%s 无法复位%s 的文件指针 无法运行%s 无法设定 %s 无法设置日期 无法设置组ID 无法设置组ID 为%lu 无法设置组 无法设置主机名，此系统似乎不具备此功能 无法设置主机名为%s 无法设置优先级 无法设置%s 的时间戳 无法设置用户ID 无法设置用户ID 为%lu 无法略过输入内容的报尾 无法以命令指定--null (-0) 无法同时指定相交输出和平行输出参数 在平行输出参数时不能指定栏数 无法由多于一种的来源来指定时间 无法以多于一种的方式切分输入 无法获取%s 的文件状态(stat) 无法获取当前目录的文件状态(stat，当前目录是%s) 无法从标准输入获取文件信息(stat) 无法创建%s 无法将%s 的备份还原 无法清除%s 的链接 无法撤消 %s 无法监视%s 无法监视%s 的上级目录 无法避免内核的错误 %s 的所属组已更改为%s
%s 的所有者已更改为%s
正在更改%s 的所属组 正在更改%s 的所有者 更改%s 的权限 正在更改%s 的安全环境
字符偏移量为零 字符值超出可接受的范围以外 字符特殊文件 不支持字符特殊文件 清除%s 的权限 时钟更改 关闭失败 正在关闭 %s 正在关闭 %s (fd=%d) 关闭目录%s 正在关闭输入文件%s 正在关闭输出文件%s 关闭标准输入 兼容模式最多支持一个文件 有冲突的空区块替换字符串 给出的安全环境说明冲突 无法将%2$s 的缓冲模式设置为%1$s
无法创建进程%s -d 无法创建临时文件 无法执行%s 无法执行%s -d 在匹配的inode %s 上找不到目录入口 无法获取启动时间 已创建目录 %s 正在创建目录%s 正在创建文件%s
创建硬链接%s 创建硬链接%s => %s 创建硬链接%.0s%s 创建符号链接 %s 创建符号链接%s -> %s 分割符列表以一个未跳过的反斜线结束：%s 目录 除以零 复制已打开文件描述符失败(dup2) 不允许空的%s 空文件名 空标签 关闭文件时出错 正则表达式匹配器出错 正则表达式搜索时出错 初始化月份字符串出错 监视inotify 事件出错 读取%s 时出错 读取inotify 事件出错 等待命令出错 写入%s 出错 退出= 多余的参数%s 额外的操作数 %s 额外的操作数 %s
不允许额外的操作数%s 与-%c 一起使用 改变%s 的环境到%s 失败 无法更改%s 的所属组为%s
无法将%s 的权限模式更改为%04lo (%s)
更改%s 的所有者失败
无法更改%s 的所有者为%s
无法切换到目录%s 克隆%s 失败 计算新的环境失败 无法通过模板%s 创建目录 无法通过模板%s 创建文件 创建安全环境失败：%s 无法取得%s 的属性 无法获得当前安全环境 获取文件系统创建环境失败 获取当前进程用户组失败 获取用户%s 的属组失败 无法取得%s 的安全环境 查阅文件%s 失败 打开%s 失败 保留%s 的作者失败 无法保留%s 的所有者 保留%s 的权限失败 无法保留%s 的时间 重定向标准错误失败 重定向标准错误到/dev/null 失败 删除 %s 失败 删除目录 %s 失败 标准输入不可用，无法重定向 以%s 模式重新打开%s 失败 恢复默认文件创建环境失败 返回到初始工作目录失败 无法运行命令%s 设置%s 安全环境组件到%s 失败 设置附加组失败 无法取得%s 的创建环境 设置组ID 失败 设置新范围%s 失败 设置新角色%s 失败 设置新类型%s 失败 设置新用户%s 失败 设置附加组失败 执行时关闭标准错误失败 设置%s 的安全环境为%s 失败 设置用户ID 失败 获取%s 的文件状态失败(stat) 无法关闭O_DIRECT：%s 更新%s 的环境失败 %s 的fdatasync 失败 冲洗流失败(fflush) 域编号%s 过大 区块编号为零 序号从1 开始计数 先进先出 文件%d 没有被正确排序 文件操作数不能于--files0-from 参数一起使用 文件操作和--print-database (-p)不能同时使用 不能同时选择和排除文件系统类型%s 创建系统进程(fork)出错 格式%s 以%% 结束 格式%s 没有%% 指令 格式%s 中%% 指令过多 格式%s 中包含未知%%%c 指令 当输出等宽字符串时不应再指定格式字符串 %s 的fsync 失败 fts_close 失败 fts_read 失败 getpass：无法打开 /dev/tty 检查 %s 的新属性 %s 的所属组已保留为%s
iconv 函数不存在 iconv 函数无法使用 id= 忽略任何参数 忽略输入 忽略输入并把输出追加到%s 忽略输入重定向错误到标准输出端 忽略无效的环境变量 TABSIZE 所示的制表符尺寸值：%s 忽略无效的环境变量QUOTING_STYLE 的键值：%s 忽略无效的环境变量 COLUMNS 所示的宽度值：%s 忽略不是选项的参数 不兼容的连接区块%lu，%lu 不兼容的标签 密码不正确 无法使用 inotify 机制，回归为 polling 机制 输入消失 输入行太长 无法进行跨设备的移动：%s 至%s；无法删除目标 非法的%s%s 参数"%s" 无效的 --%s 参数%s 无效的调整值%s 无效的参数 %s %2$s 的参数%1$s 无效 无效的正文号样式：%s %2$s 的缓冲模式%1$s 无效
无效的字节或域列表 无效字符"%c"出现在类型字符串%s 中 无效的字符类型%s 无效模式：%s 转换无效 下标中出现无效的转换规格：%c 下标中出现无效的转换规格：\%.3o 无效的日期%s 日期格式%s 无效 无效的缩小的范围 无效的设备文件%s %s 无效的设备类型 %s 无效的区块编号%s 无效的区块定义符：%s 无效的域宽度：%s 在区块定义中出现无效的文件编号：%s 无效的浮点参数：%s 无效的页脚号样式：%s 无效的格式精确度 无效的格式宽度 无效的间隙宽度：%s 无效的组 无效的组%s 无效的组列表%s 无效的组：%s 无效的页眉号样式：%s 输入无效 输入标志无效 无效的输入范围：%s 无效的整数%s 无效的整数参数%s 无效的行数%s 无效的行约束%s 无效的行宽数值：%s 无效的行号递增值：%s 无效的编号格式：%s 无效的行宽：%s 无效的主设备号 %s 目录最大深度%s 无效 无效的次设备号 %s 无效的权限模式 无效模式%s 无效模式：%s 无效的数字%s 在","后的编号无效 在"-"后的编号无效 在"."后的编号无效 区块起始处的编号无效 无效的空行数：%s 无效的号码%s 要对照的字节数量无效 要略过的字节数量无效 无效的列数：%s 要略过的区块数量无效 无效的号码%s 无效的行数：0 无效的选项 -- %c 无效选项 -- %c；宽度必须是第一个选项才能被正确识别；请使用 -w N 无效的输出地址基数"%c"，它必须是 [doxn] 四个字符中的一个 输出标志无效 页码范围%s 无效 无效的精度：%s 无终点的无效的范围：- 在参数结构 [c*n] 中有无效的重复次数%s 无效的 spec 无效的起始行号：%s 状态标志无效 无效后缀 %s，含有目录分隔符 非法的后缀在%s%s 参数"%s" 无效的制表符尺寸：%s 无效模板，%s，包含目录分隔符 无效模板，%s；如果与--tmpdir 同时使用则不可以是绝对路径 无效的时间间隔%s 无效的日期时间格式%s 无效的加附选项 -- %c 无效类型的字符串%s 无效的类型字符串%s；
系统无法提供对%lu-字节浮点类型数值的支持 无效的类型字符串%s；
系统无法提供对%lu-字节整形类型数值的支持 无效的通用字符名称\%c%0*x 无效的用户 无效的用户%s 无效的宽度：%s 无效的换行字符数：%s 无效的零长度文件名 在%s 进行递归操作十分危险 在%s 进行递归操作十分危险(与%s 相同) 最近= 文件名%s 以"-"符号开头 文件名%3$s 的长度%2$lu 超出限值%1$lu 文件名成分%3$s 的长度%2$lu 超出限值%1$lu 对标准输入进行行缓冲无意义 行数选项-%s%c... 过大 行号%s 比先前的行号%s 更小 行号溢出 最大 --%s 参数在当前资源限制(rlimit)设置下是%s 内存耗尽 消息队列 最小 --%s 参数是%s [:upper:] 和/或[:lower:] 的结构对齐不完整 下标中丢失了%% 转换规格字符 缺少"]" %s 后缺少参数 缺少%s 的参数 缺失字符种类名"[::]" 下标中丢失了转换规格 在%s 后缺少了要操作的目标文件 缺失类型等值的字符"[==]" 缺少了文件操作数 Escape 中缺失十六进制数 缺少域列表 缺少位置列表 缺少操作数 %s 后缺少操作数 模式必须只指定文件许可位 %s 的权限模式已更改为%04lo (%s)
%s 的权限模式保留为%04lo (%s)
多字符标签%s 指定了多个-i 选项 同时指定了多个-l 或-t 选项 指定了多个压缩程序 已定义多重分隔符 复合级别范围 指定了多个输出文件 指定了多种输出格式 指定了多个随机源 指定了多个相关修饰符 多角色 指定了多个目标目录 多类型 多用户 符号链接%s 和该链接所指示的对象都未被更改
没有设置SHELL 环境变量，也没有指定shell 类型的选项 %s 的归属关系未更改
没有指定命令 未处理文件系统 没有剩余文件 没有来自%s 的输入 无登录名 未指定进程号 在转储字符串时不能指定类型 没有指定用户名，当使用-l 选项时至少需要指定一个 有不通用的字符%s 被包含在文件名%s 中 不是一个 tty 无法通过符号链接%s 进行操作 %s 中的数字过大 字节数 参数数目错误 读入文件%s 时偏移量溢出 略过目录%s 在字符串2 中只能出现一次[c*] 结构的重复次数声明 只能指定一个设备 只能指定列表中的一种类型 打开失败 正在打开%s 在未定义环境中的无效选项 -- %c 选项--backup 和 --no-clobber 互斥 选项--compare (-C) 和--preserve-timestamps 是互斥的 选项--compare (-C) 和--strip 是互斥的 选项"-%s"不兼容 已排除输出文件后缀 扩展文件%s 大小时溢出 处理大于等于文件%s 的指定大小的最大倍数时溢出 %s 的所有权已保留
%s 的所有者已保留为%s
页码溢出 过窄 %s 的保留权限 正在保留 %s 的时间 同时输出重复的行和重复计数是没有意义的 "%s-%s"的结束点范围序列已经过反转处理 读取错误 读取失败 正在读入%s 正在读取目录%s 记录数据过大 重定向标准错误到标准输出 普通空文件 普通文件 已删除%s
已删除目录：%s
正在删除目录 %s 运行级别 信号量 分隔符不能为空 请设置LC_ALL='C' 以避免出现问题。 正在设置%s 的标记 设置%s 的权限 正在设置%s 的时间 共享内存对象 略过字节数+ 读入字节数的值过大 跳过%s，因为它位于不同的设备上 跳过文件%s，因为在准备复制时它已被其它文件取代 套接字 标准错误 标准输入 标准输入已关闭 标准输出 获取文件状态失败(stat) 标准错误 标准输入 标准输出 区块中有孤立字符 字符串比较出现错误 字符串转换失败 拆解过程非正常中止 清除没有分界符的行只有在
操作域时才有意义 符号链接 语法错误 系统引导 制表符尺寸不可为0 制表符尺寸中包含无效字符：%s 制表符尺寸必须是升序的 %s：制表符跳格量过大 制表符限长过大 制表符过于分散 目标%s 不是目录 安装目录时不能用目标目录选项 终端= test 和/或[ 在校验时--binary 和--text 选项是无意义的 当您使用不允许的比特数指定模式是--compare (-C) 选项被忽略 --context (-Z)选项已废弃，将在未来的发行中删除 只有在校验时--quiet 选项才有意义 只有在校验时--status 选项才有意义 只有在校验时--warn 选项才有意义 当进行替换操作时[c*] 结构的参数只能出现在字符串2 中 在字符串1 中不能出现[c*] 结构的重复次数声明 参数%s 缺少前导的"+"；
当使用选项来描述日期是，任何非选项参数都必须以"+"所引导的字符串出现 分界符必须是单个字符 verbose 和 stty-readable 两种输入风格的选项是互相抵触的 显示 dircolors 内部数据库的选项和选择 shell 语法的选项
是互相抵触的 显示与设置时间的选项不能同时使用 被指定的这几种日期显示选项是相互抵触的 已比较的字符串为%s 和%s 安装目录时不能用strip 选项 未转换的字符串为%s 时间%s 超出范围 您应当将-g 与用户ID %s 一起使用 模板%s 中X 太少 下标中出现过多的%% 转换规格字符 设置中的字符数量过多 重复行过多 模板过多 总用量 遍历失败：%s 共享内存对象 uid=%lu 无法显示错误信息 无法记录目前的工作目录 无法设置安全环境%s 异常错误：fts_info=%d: %s
请报告给 %s 未知双目运算符 来自命令的未知状态 (0x%X) 未知流 未知的用户ID：%s LS_COLORS 环境变量中存在无法解些的值 无法识别的操作数%s 无法识别的前缀：%s 已启动%ld 天%2d:%02d， 已启动???? 天 ??:??， 使用 --no-preserve-root 选项跳过安全模式 用户%s 不存在 用 %s 进行标准输入在文件系统模式下无法工作 使用任意精度运算 正在使用受限的shell %s 使用单精度运算 等待 %s [-d] 等待拆解 警告：%s：跟随在常量字符后的其它字符已被忽略 警告：%s：切换到%s 用户环境失败 警告：此系统不支持--pid=PID 警告：--retry 参数需要在后面附加名称后使用 警告：已忽略进程号，只有在跟随模式下--pid=PID 选项才是有用的 警告："touch %s"已过时，请使用"touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d"代替 警告：在字符串结尾使用为转义的反斜杠是一种不可移植的做法 警告：格式末尾出现反斜杠 警告：无法切换到目录%s 警告：无法删除：%s 警告：无限期跟随标准输入是无用的 警告：从%s 开始已忽略超量的参数 警告：文件读取失败后偏移错误 警告：无效的宽度值%lu，已使用%d 代替 警告：行号%s 比先前的行号更小 警告：指定来源文件%s 多于一次 警告：显示总用量的选项和--max-depth=%lu 互斥 警告：显示总用量等价于使用--max-depth=0 警告：--%s 选项已过时，请使用--reference 警告：含义不清的八进制内容 \%c%c%c 已被视作为双字节序列 \0%c%c, %c 处理 警告：无法识别的转义字符"\%c" 警告：暂时避免有关文件%s 的lseek 内核错误
错误地址在mt_type=0x%0lx -- 有关mt_type 类型的列表请参考 古怪文件 当不截断设置1 时，字符串2 不能为空 当从标准输入读取时，不允许指定文件名%s 当指定了输出风格时，模式不能再被设置 当以反相模式替换字符类型时，字符串2 必须将所有字符映射到一个字域 当进行替换操作时，字符串2 里只能出现一种字符类型，即"upper"和"lower" 不会以%s 覆盖刚创建的%s 不会创建指向目录%2$s 的硬链接%1$s 不会以%2$s 覆盖刚创建的%1$s 当跟随--parents 选项时，目的地必须是目录 使用 --suffix，模板 %s 必须以 X 结尾 写入错误 写入%s 时出错 写入失败 正在写入%s 正在写入%s 您必须指定-c，-t，-u，-l，-r 或环境 您必须指定一组字节、字符或域的列表 您必须在%s 或%s 中指定一个 PRIuMAX PRIdMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks failed to truncate to % bytes in output file %s failed to allocate a % byte stdio buffer
%s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % overflow in % * % byte blocks for file %s truncating %s at % bytes 记录了%+% 的读入
记录了%+% 的写出
% 个被截断了的块
%字节(%s)已复制 偏移量过大：无法在seek=% (%lu-字节) 块的长度上实施截断 无法针对输出文件%2$s 的%1$ 字节处实施截断 分配 % 字节标准输入输出(stdio)缓冲区失败
%s：%：%s 的校验和行目格式不适当 警告：%/% 列出的文件无法读取 警告：%/% 生成的校验和不匹配 起始页码% 超出了最大页数% 第 % 页 在文件%3$s 的%1$ * %2$ 字节块中溢出 在%2$ 字节处截断%1$s usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000637013 15077703616 0014526 0 ustar 00 5 0 ! C ,Z 4Z XZ t\ u\ n] 1^ G ^ $` a p a ! Jb lc )d w e 5 Kg R h ~ i
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
IDLE Idle In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Special files require major and minor device numbers. Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 6.11
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-04-23 00:02+0100
Last-Translator: Helder Correia
Language-Team: Portuguese
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8-bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
( EXPRESSÃO ) EXPRESSÃO é verdadeira
! EXPRESSÃO EXPRESSÃO é falsa
EXPRESSÃO1 -a EXPRESSÃO2 EXPRESSÃO1 e EXPRESSÃO2 são verdadeiras
EXPRESSÃO1 -o EXPRESSÃO2 uma de EXPRESSÃO1 e EXPRESSÃO2 é verdadeira
-a, --all o mesmo que -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot tempo do último início do sistema
-d, --dead mostrar processos mortos
-H, --heading mostrar linha de títulos de colunas
-b FICH FICH existe e é especial de blocos
-c FICH FICH existe e é especial de caracteres
-d FICH FICH existe e é uma pasta
-e FICH FICH existe
-l produzir saída longa para os UTILIZADORes especificados
-b omitir a pasta pessoa do utilizador e shell em formato longo
-h omitir o ficheiro de projecto do utilizador em formato longo
-p omitir o ficheiro de plano do utilizador em formato longo
-s produzir saída curta (predefinido)
-n EXPR o tamanho de EXPR é não-zero
EXPR equivalente a -n EXPR
-z EXPR o tamanho de EXPR é zero
EXPR1 = EXPR2 as espressões são iguais
EXPR1 != EXPR2 as espressões são diferentes
ARG1 * ARG2 produto aritmético de ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 quociente aritmético de ARG1 dividido por ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 resto aritmético de ARG1 dividido por ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 soma aritmética de ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 diferença aritmética de ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 é menor que ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 é menor ou igual a ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 é igual a ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 é diferente de ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 é maior ou igual a ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 é maior que ARG2
FICH1 -ef FICH2 FICH1 e FICH2 têm os mesmos números de dispositivo e inode
FICH1 -nt FICH2 FICH1 é mais recente (data de modificação) que FICH2
FICH1 -ot FICH2 FICH1 é mais antigo que FICH2
INTEIRO copiar até (excluindo) número de linha especificado
/EXPREG/[ÍNDICE] copiar até (excluindo) uma linha que corresponda
%EXPREG%[ÍNDICE] saltar até (excluindo) uma linha que corresponda
{INTEIRO} repetir o padrão anterior INTEIRO vezes
{*} repetir o padrão anterior até não ser possível
Um ÍNDICE de linha é um '+' or '-' requerido seguido de um inteiro positivo.
INTEIRO1 -eq INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -ge INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é maior ou igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -gt INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é maior que INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -le INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é menor ou igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -lt INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é menor que INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -ne INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é diferente de INTEIRO2
EXPR : EXPREG correspondência de padrão ancorada de EXPREG em EXPR
match EXPR EXPREG o mesmo que EXPR : EXPREG
substr EXPR POS COMPRIM subexpressão de STRING, POS contada a partir de 1
index EXPR CARACTS índice de EXPR onde onde um CARACTS existe, ou 0
length EXPR comprimento de EXPR
a numerar todas as linhas
t numerar apenas linhas não vazias
n não numerar linhas
pERB numerar apenas linhas que correspondam à expressão regular
básica, ERB
FORMATO é um de:
ln alinhado à esquerda, sem zeros iniciais
rn alinhar à direita, sem zeros iniciais
rz alinhar à direita, com zeros iniciais
b criar um ficheiro especial de bloco (protegido)
c, u criar um ficheiro especial de caracteres (não protegido)
p criar um FIFO
# utlzs=%lu
Um programa 'finger' leve; exibir informação de utilizador.
O ficheiro utmp será %s.
Um mero - implica -i. Sem COMANDO, mostrar o ambiente resultante.
Um simples - implica -l. Sem UTILIZADOR, assumir root.
Após as preferências vem uma largura de campo opcional, um número decimal;
depois um modificador opcional, o qual pode ser
E para usar as representações locais alternativas se disponíveis, ou
O para usar os símbolos numéricos locais alternativos se disponíveis.
Uma EXPRESSÃO omitida toma o valor falso. Caso contrário,
EXPRESSÃO é verdadeiro ou falso e define estado de saída. É um de:
Como caso especial, o cp salvaguarda a ORIGEM quando as opções 'force' e
'backup' são dadas e ORIGEM e DESTINO têm o mesmo nome para um ficheiro
existente e regular.
Tenha em conta que muitos operadores necessitam ser sinalizados ou escritos
entre aspas. Comparações são aritméticas se todos os ARGs são números, senão
lexicográficas. Padrões retornam a expressão entre \( e \) ou nula; se
\( e \) não são usados, retornam o número de caracteres combinados ou 0.
Tanto MAIOR como MENOR devem ser especificadas quando TIPO é b, c ou u, e devem
ser omitidas quando TIPO é p. Se MAIOR ou MENOR começarem com 0x ou 0X,
é interpretado como hexadecimal; senão, se começarem por 0, como octal;
senão, como decimal. TIPO pode ser:
Por omissão, rm não remove pastas. Use a opção --recursive (-r ou -R)
para remover cada pasta listada também, bem como os seus conteúdos.
Predefinidamente, seleciona -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC são
dois caracteres delimitadores para separar páginas lógicas, um segundo
carácter em falta implica :. Escreva \\ para \. ESTILO é um de:
Preferências de combinação:
* [-]LCASE o mesmo que [-]lcase
cbreak o mesmo que -icanon
-cbreak o mesmo que icanon
Preferências de controlo:
[-]clocal desactivar sinais de controlo de modem
[-]cread permitir recepção de entrada
* [-]crtscts activar cumprimento RTS/CTS
csN definir tamanho de carácter N bits, N em [5..8]
Cada símbolo OPÇÃO pode ser:
append modo acrescentar (sentido só para saída; conv=notrunc sugerido)
Cada MODO tem a forma '[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Exemplos:
%s /usr/bin/sort Mostrar "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Mostrar "stdio".
Exemplos:
%s /usr/bin/sort Mostrar "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Mostrar ".".
Exemplos:
%s f - g Despejar conteúdo de f, depois a entrada padrão, depois conteúdo de g.
%s Copiar a entrada padrão para a saída padrão.
Exemplos:
%s root /u Mudar o dono de /u para "root".
%s root:staff /u Semelhante, mas mudar também o grupo para "staff".
%s -hR root /u Mudar o dono de /u e sub-ficheiros para "root".
Exemplos:
%s staff /u Mudar o grupo de /u para "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Mudar o grupo de /u e sub-ficheiros para "staff".
Excepto para -h e -L, todos os testes relacionados com FICH desreferenciam
ligações simbólicas. Note que parêntesis precisam de escape (ex., com \)
para shells. INTEIRO pode também ser -l EXPR, que resulta no tamanho de EXPR.
Estado de saída é 0 se EXPRESSÃO não for nem nula nem 0, 1 se EXPRESSÃO é nula
ou 0, 2 se EXPRESSÃO for sintacticamente inválida e 3 se um erro ocorrer.
Trata o tty ligado ao canal de entrada por defeito (stdin). Sem argumentos,
imprime o ritmo em baud, a disciplina da linha e diferenças em relação a stty
sane. Nos parâmetros, CHAR é aceite literalmente, ou codificado com em ^C,
0x37, 0177 ou 127; valores especiais ^- ou undef são utilizados para anular
caracteres especiais.
Se FICHEIRO é -, destruir a saída padrão.
Remover FICHEIRO(s) se --remove (-u) for especificada. Por omissão, não se
removem os ficheiros porque é comum operar-se em ficheiros de dispositivos como
/dev/hda e habitualmente não devem ser removidos. Ao operar em ficheiros
regulares, a opção mais comum é --remove option.
Se FICHEIRO não for especificado, usar %s. %s como FICHEIRO é comum.
Se ARG1 ARG2 dados, -m presumido: 'am i' ou 'mom likes' são comuns.
Se FICHEIRO especificado, ler para determinar que cores usar para que tipos
de ficheiro e extensões. Senão, uma base de dados precompilada é usada.
Para detalhes no formato destes ficheiros, corra 'dircolors --print-database'.
Se PRIMEIRO ou INCREMENTO for omitido, assume-se 1. Isto é, um INCREMENTO
omitido assume-se 1 mesmo quando ÚLTIMO é mais pequeno que PRIMEIRO.
PRIMEIRO, INCREMENTO e ÚLTIMO são interpretados como valores reais.
INCREMENTO é habitualmente positivo se PRIMEIRO é menor que ÚLTIMO, e
INCREMENTO é habitualmente negativo se PRIMEIRO é maior que ÚLTIMO.
Se um FICHEIRO é -, copiar novamente para a saída padrão.
Se ambos o primeiro e segundo formatos se aplicarem, o segundo é assumido se
o último operando começar por + ou (se houver 2 operandos) um dígito.
Um operando ÍNDICE significa -j ÍNDICE. ETIQUETA é o pseudo-endereço do
primeiro byte mostrado, incrementado ao longo que se despeja.
Para ÍNDICE e ETIQUETA, um prefixo 0x ou 0X indica hexadecimal;
sufixos podem ser . para octal e b para multiplicar por 512.
Se nenhum comando for dado, executar ``${SHELL} -i'' (predefinido: /bin/sh).
Se a entrada padrão é um terminal, redireccioná-la de /dev/null.
Se a saída padrão é um terminal, acrecentar saída a 'nohup.out' se possível,
senão '$HOME/nohup.out'.
Se o erro padrão é um terminal, redireccioná-lo para a saída padrão.
Para gravar a saída para FICHEIRO, use '%s COMANDO > FICHEIRO'.
Preferências de entrada:
[-]brkint paragens causam um sinal de interrupção
[-]icrnl traduzir carriage return (CR) para nova linha
[-]ignbrk ignorar caracteres de paragem
[-]igncr ignorar carriage return
Preferências locais:
[-]crterase ecoar caracteres de limpeza como backspace-espaço-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTA: [ honra as opções --help e --version, mas test não o faz.
test trata cada uma delas como trata qualquer outra EXPR não vazia.
NOTA: a sua shell pode ter a sua versão de %s, que habitualmente ultrapassa
a versão descrita aqui. Por favor veja a documentação da sua shell para
detalhes acerca das opções suportadas.
Note que as opções -d e -t aceitam diferentes formatos hora-data.
Opcional - antes de PREFERÊNCIA indica negação. Um * marca preferências
não-POSIX. O sistema base define quais as preferências disponíveis.
Preferências de saída:
* bsN estilo de atraso de backspace, N em [0..1]
* crN estilo de atraso de carriage return, N em [0..3]
* ffN estilo de atraso de form feed, N em [0..1]
* nlN estilo de atraso de nova linha, N em [0..1]
O dono não é alterado se omitido. O grupo não é alterado se omitido, mas
alterado para o grupo de utilizador se implicado por um ':' após um um DONO
simbólico. DONO e GRUPO podem ser numéricos e simbólicos.
POS é F[.C][OPTS], onde F é o número de campo e C a posição de carácter
no campo; ambos têm origem 1. Se nem -t nem -b estiver em efeito,
caracteres num campo são contados do início do espaço branco precedente. OPTS
é uma ou mais opções de ordenação de letra única, que sobrescrevem as opções
de ordenação globais para essa chave. Sem chave dada, usar a linha inteira.
TAMANHO pode ser seguido pelos seguintes sufixos multiplicativos:
Exibir o valor de EXPRESSÃO. Uma linha vazia por baixo separa
grupos de precedência crescentes. EXPRESSÃO pode ser:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 se não for nulo nem 0, senão ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 se nenhum argumento for nulo ou 0, senão 0
Ler a entrada padrão se FICHEIRO for -. Cada PADRÃO pode ser:
SETs são especificados como cadeias de caracteres. A maioria
auro-representa-se. Sequências interpretadas são:
\NNN carácter com valor octal NNN (1 a 3 dígitos octais)
\\ backslash (barra invertida)
\a BEL audível
\b backspace (espaço atrás)
\f form feed
\n nova linha
\r return (enter)
\t tab horizontal
TAMANHO é um número. Para TIPO em doux, TAMANHO pode também ser C para
sizeof(char), S para sizeof(short), I para sizeof(int) or L para
sizeof(long). Se TIPO é f, TAMANHO pode também ser F para sizeof(float), D
para sizeof(double) ou L para sizeof(long double).
Enviar um sinal %s a um processo 'dd' em execução faz com que
exiba estatísticas E/S no erro padrão e depois resuma a cópia.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 registos dentro
18335302+0 registos fora
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copiado, 34.6279 segundos, 271 MB/s
Opções são:
Caracteres especiais:
* dsusp CAR CAR enviará um sinal de término após a entrada processada
eof CAR CAR enviará um fim de ficheiro (terminar a entrada)
eol CAR CAR terminará a linha
TIPO é feito de uma ou mais destas especificações:
a carácter nomeado, ignorando o bit de alta ordem
c carácter ASCII ou barra invertida sinalizada
O sufixo de salvaguarda é '~', a não ser com --suffix ou SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
O método de controlo de versão pode ser escolhido com --backup ou com a
variável de ambiente VERSION_CONTROL. Eis os valores:
Os dados são codificados como descrito para o alfabeto base64 em RFC 3548.
Ao descodificar, a entrada pode conter novas linhas adicionalmente aos bytes
do alfabeto base64 formal. Use --ignore-garbage para tentar recuperar
de quaisquer outros caracteres não alfabéticos nos dados codificados.
As somas são calculadas como descrito em %s. Ao verificar, a entrada deve ser
uma saída anterior deste programa. O modo predefinido é exibir uma linha com
soma de controlo, um carácter indicando o tipo ('*' para binário, ' ' para
texto) e nome para cada FICHEIRO.
As sequências de formato válidas para ficheiros (sem --file-system):
%a Direitos de acesso em octal
%A Direitos de acesso legíveis por humanos
%b Número de blocos alocados (ver %B)
%B Tamanho em bytes de cada bloco relatado por %b
%C Expressão de contexto de segurança SELinux
Para remover um ficheiro cujo nome começa por '-', por exemplo '-foo',
utilize um destes comandos:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Especificações de formato tradicionais podem ser combinadas; elas acumulam:
-a como -t a, seleccionar caract. nomeados ignorando bit de ordem alta
-b como -t o1, seleccionar bytes octais
-c como -t c, seleccionar caract. ASCII ou barras invertidas sinalizadas
-d como -t u2, seleccionar unidades de 2 bytes decimais positivas
Usar uma e apenas uma de -b, -c ou -f. Cada LISTA é feita de um alcance
ou vários alcances separados por vírgula. Entrada seleccionada é escrita
na mesma ordem de leitura e exactamente uma vez.
Sem FICHEIRO ou se FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão. '-F /' por omissão.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler entrada padrão.
Sem opções, produzir resultado em 3 colunas. A primeira coluna contém
linhas exclusivas do FICHEIRO1, a segunda linhas exclusivas do FICHEIRO2
e a terceira linhas comuns a ambos os ficheiros.
Sem qualquer OPÇÃO, mostrar alguma informação útil identificada.
Escrever uma representação não ambígua, predefinidamente bytes octais,
de FICHEIRO para a saída padrão. Com mais de um argumento FICHEIRO,
concatená-los na ordem listada para formar a entrada.
Sem FICHEIRO ou quando FILE é -, ler a entrada padrão.
--backup[=CONTROLO] salvaguardar cada ficheiro de destino existente
-b como --backup mas não aceita um argumento
-d, -F, --directory deixar o superutil. tentar ligações persistentes
para pastas (nota: provavelm. falhará devido a
restrições de sistema, mesmo para o sup-util.)
-f, --force remover ficheiros de destino existentes
--group-directories-first
agrupar pastas antes de ficheiros.
aumentar com uma opção --sort, mas qualquer
uso de --sort=none (-U) desactiva agrupamento
--help exibir esta ajuda e sair
--indicator-style=PAL adicionar indicador com estilo PAL às entradas:
none (predefinido), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode mostrar o número de índice de cada ficheiro
-I, --ignore=PADRÃO não listar entradas que correspondam ao PADRÃO
-k como --block-size=1K
--lookup tentar canonizar nomes de máquinas via DNS
-m apenas nome de máquina e utilizador associados com stdin
-p, --process mostrar processos activos criados por init
--no-preserve-root não tratar '/' de forma especial
--preserve-root não remover '/' (predefinido)
-r, -R, --recursive remover pastas e seus conteúdos recursivamente
-v, --verbose explicar o que está a ser feito
--no-preserve-root não tratar '/' de forma especial (predefinido)
--preserve-root não operar recursivamente em '/'
--no-preserve-root não tratar '/' de forma especial (predefinição)
--preserve-root falhar ao operar recursivamente em '/'
--no-preserve=LISTA_ATRIB não preservar os atributos especificados
--parents usar nome completo de ficheiro de origem em PASTA
--one-file-system ao remover uma hierarquia recursivamente, saltar
pastas de um sistema de ficheiros diferente do
do argumento especificado na linha de comandos
--preserve-context preservar contexto de segurança SELinux
-Z, --context=CONTEXTO alterar cont. de segurança SELinux de fich. e pastas
--reference=FICHREF usar contexto de segurança de FICHREF em vez de
especificar um valor de CONTEXTO
-R, --recursive operar em ficheiros e pastas recursivamente
-v, --verbose despejar um diagnóstico para cada ficheiro processado
--rfc-3339=ESPECTEMPO exibir data e hora no formato RFC 3339.
ESPECTEMPO='date', 'seconds' ou 'ns' para
data e hora na precisão indicada.
Data e hora são separadas por
um espaço: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=EXPR alterar a hora descrita por EXPR
-u, --utc, --universal exibir ou alterar Hora Universal Coordenada (UTC)
--strip-trailing-slashes remover barras no final de cada argumento
de ORIGEM
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefinir o sufixo de salvaguarda habitual
--time mostrar tempo da última modificação de cada ficheiro
na pasta, ou cada sua subpasta
--time=PALAV mostrar tempo como PALAV em vez de tempo de modific.:
atime, access, use, ctime ou status
--time-style=EST mostrar tempos usando o estilo ESTILO:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMATO
FORMATO é interpretado como 'date'
--time-style=ESTILO com -l, mostrat tempos usando o ESTILO:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMATO.
FORMATO é interpretado como 'date'; se FORMATO é
FORMATO1FORMATO2, FORMATO1 aplica-se
a ficheiros não recentes e FORMATO2 a recentes;
se ESTILO é prefixado com 'posix-', ESTILO toma
efeito apenas fora da localização POSIX
--verbose mostrar um diagnóstico imediatamente antes de cada
ficheiro ser aberto
--version mostrar a informação de versão e sair
-evenp o mesmo que -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase o mesmo que xcase iuclc olcuc
litout o mesmo que -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout o mesmo que parenb istrip opost cs7
nl o mesmo que -icrnl -onlcr
-nl o mesmo que icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb usar dois bits de paragem por carácter (um com '-')
[-]hup enviar sinal de espera quando o último processo fechar a tty
[-]hupcl o mesmo que [-]hup
[-]parenb gerar bit de paridade na saída e esperar por um na entrada
[-]parodd definir paridade ímpar (mesmo com '-')
[-]ignpar ignorar caracteres com erros de paridade
* [-]imaxbel emitir som e não despejar um buffer de entrada num carácter
[-]inlcr traduzir nova linha para carriage return
[-]inpck activar verificação de paridade da entrada
[-]istrip limpar o bit alto (8) de caracteres de entrada
[-]isig activar caracteres especiais interrupt, quit e suspend
[-]noflsh desactivar despejo após caracteres especiais interrupt e quit
* [-]prterase o mesmo que [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop parar processos em fundo que tentem escrever no terminal
* [-]xcase com icanon, escape com '\' para maiúsculas
cooked o mesmo que brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof e eol nos seus valores predefinidos
-cooked o mesmo que raw
crt o mesmo que echoe echoctl echoke
dec o mesmo que echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq o mesmo que [-]ixany
ek erase e kill nos seus valores predefinidos
evenp o mesmo que parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N alterar a taxa de entrada para N
* line N usar disciplina de linha N
min N com -icanon, definir mínimo N caracteres para leitura completa
ospeed N alterar a taxa de saída para N
oddp o memso que parenb parodd cs7
-oddp o memso que -parenb cs8
[-]parity o memso que [-]evenp
pass8 o memso que -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 o memso que parenb istrip cs7
raw o mesmo que -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw o mesmo que cooked
stop CHAR CHAR parará a saída
susp CHAR CHAR enviará um sinal de término
* swtch CHAR CHAR mudará para uma camada de shell diferente
* werase CHAR CHAR apagará a última palavra inserida
%% um único %
%b ARGUMENTO como uma expressão com escapes '\' interpretados,
excepto que escapes octais são da forma \0 ou \0NNN
e todas as especificações de formato C que terminem com um de diouxXfeEgGcs,
ARGUMENTOs convertidos para tipo devido antes. Larguras variáveis são aceites.
%A nome local completo de semana (ex.: Domingo)
%b nome local abreviado de mês (ex.: Jan)
%B nome local completo de mês (ex.: Janeiro)
%c data e hora local (ex.: Qui Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F data completa; o memso que %Y-%m-%d
%g últimos dois dígitos de número de semana ISO (ver %G)
%G ano de número de semana ISO (ver %V); normalmente útil apenas com %V
%S segundo (00..60)
%t uma tabulação (TAB)
%T hora (tempo completo); o mesmo que %H:%M:%S
%u dia da semana (1..7); 1 é Segunda-feira
%U número de semana do ano, Domingo como primeiro dia da semana (00..53)
%V número de semana ISO, Segunda-feira primeiro dia da semana (01..53)
%w dia de semana (0..6); 0 é Domingo
%W número de semana do ano, Segunda-feira primeiro dia da semana (00..53)
%d Número de dispositivo em decimal
%D Número de dispositivo em hexadecimal
%f Modo bruto em hexadecimal
%F Tipo de ficheiro
%g ID de grupo do dono
%G Nome de grupo do dono
%h Número de ligações persistentes
%i Número de inode
%n Nome de ficheiro
%N Nome de ficheiro entre aspas com desreferência se ligação simbólica
%o Tamanho de bloco de entrada/saída
%s Tamanho total, em bytes
%t Tipo de dispositivo maior, em hexadecimal
%T Tipo de dispositivo menor, em hexadecimal
%h o mesmo que %b
%H hora 00..23)
%I hora (01..12)
%j dia do ano (001..366)
%i ID de sistem de ficheiros em hexadecimal
%l Comprimento máximo de nomes de ficheiros
%n Nome de ficheiro
%s Tamanho de bloco (para transferências mais rápidas
%S Tamanho de bloco fundamental (para contagens de blocos)
%t Tipo em hexadecimal
%T Tipo legível por humanos
%k hora ( 0..23)
%l hora ( 1..12)
%m mês (01..12)
%M minuto (00..59)
%n uam nova linha
%N nanosegundos (000000000..999999999)
%p equivalente da localização a AM ou PM; vazia se desconhecido
%P como %p, mas em minúsculas
%r equivalente da localização a tempo de 12 horas (ex., 11:11:04 PM)
%R horas e minutos de 24 hora; o mesmo que %H:%M
%s segundos desde 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u ID de utilizador do dono
%U Nome de utilizador do dono
%x Tempo do último acesso
%X Tempo do último acesso em segundos desde Epoch
%y Tempo da última modificação
%Y Tempo do última modificação em segundos desde Epoch
%z Tempo da última alteração
%Z Tempo da última alteração em segundos desde Epoch
%x representação de data local (ex., 31/12/99)
%X representação de hora local (ex., 23:13:48)
%y últimos dois dígitos do ano (00..99)
%Y ano
%z zona horária numérica +hhmm (ex., -0400)
%:z zona horária numérica +hh:mm (e.g., -04:00)
%::z zona horária numérica +hh:mm:ss (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z zona horária numérica com : para prec. necessária (ex., -04, +05:30)
%Z abreviação de zona horária alfabética (ex., EDT)
Por omissão, date preenche campos numéricos com zeros.
+ SÍMBOLO interpretar SÍMBOLO como uma expressão, mesmo que
reservada como 'match' ou operador como '/'
( EXPRESSÃO ) valor de EXPRESSÃO
-A, --address-radix=RADICAL decidir como exibir índices de ficheiros
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES saltar BYTES bytes de entrada iniciais
-A, --auto-reference despejar referências geradas automaticamente
-G, --traditional actuar mais de acordo com o 'ptx' System V
-F, --flag-truncation=EXPR usar EXPR para marcar truncagens de linhas
-B, --block-size=TAMANHO usar blocos de TAMANHO bytes
-b, --bytes equivalente a '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produzir um grande total
-D, --dereference-args desreferenciar só ligações simbólicas listadas na
linha de comandos
-D criar todos os componentes iniciais de DESTINO excepto
o último e depois copiar ORIGEM para DESTINO
-g, --group=GRUPO alterar grupo de posse, não o actual grupo do processo
-m, --mode=MODO alterar permissões (como em chmod), não rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=DONO alterar dono (apenas superutilizador)
-D, --date-format=FORMATO
usar FORMATO para a data de cabeçalho
-e[CAR[LARGURA]], --expand-tabs[=CAR[LARGURA]]
expandir CARacteres de entrada (TABs) para LARGURA (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
usar form feeds em vez de nova linha para separar páginas
(por um cabeçalho de página de 3 linhas com -F ou
cabeçalho e reboque de 5 linhas sem -F)
-G, --no-group numa listagem longa, não mostrar nomes de grupos
-h, --human-readable com -l, mostrar tamanhos legíveis por humanos
(ex., 1K 234M 2G)
--si igual, mas usar potências de 1000, não 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
seguir ligações simbólicas listadas na consola
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
seguir cada ligação simbólica da linha de
comandos que aponte para uma pasta
--hide=PADRÃO não listar entradas que correspondam ao PADRÃO
(redefinido por -a ou -A)
-I perguntar uma vez antes de remover mais de 3 ficheiros
ou ao remover recursivamente. Menos intrusivo que -i,
protegendo ainda contra a maioria dos erros
--interactive[=QUANDO] perguntlr de acordo com QUANDO: never, once (-I)
ou always (-i). Sem QUANDO, perguntar sempre
-L FICH FICH existe e é uma ligação simbólica (o mesmo que -h)
-O FICH FICH existe e é possuído pelo ID de utilizador efectivo
-p FICH FICH existe e é um pipe nomeado
-r FICH FICH existe e permissão de leitura é garantida
-s FICH FICH existe e tem um tamanho maior que zero
-L, --dereference desreferenciar todas as ligações simbólicas
-P, --no-dereference não seguir qualquer ligação simbólica (predefinido)
-0, --null terminar linhas de saída com byte 0, não nova linha
-S, --separate-dirs não incuir tamanhos das pastas
-s, --summarize mostrar apenas um total para cada argumento
-M, --macro-name=EXPR nome de macro a usar em vez de 'xx'
-O, --format=roff gerar saída como directivas roff
-R, --right-side-refs referências à direita, ignoradas com -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=EXPREG para fins de linhas ou frases
-T, --format=tex gerar saída como directivas TeX
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limitar a BYTES bytes de entrada
-S, --strings[=BYTES] despejar cadeias de pelo menos BYTES caracteres
-t, --format=TIPO seleccionar formato ou formatos de saída
-v, --output-duplicates não usar * para marcar supressão de linha
-w, --width[=BYTES] despejar BYTES bytes por linha de saída
--traditional aceitar argumentos na forma tradicional
-P, --portability usar o formato de saída POSIX
--sync invocar sync antes de obter a informação
-t, --type=TIPO limitar listagem a sist. de ficheiros de tipo TIPO
-T, --print-type exibir o tipo do sistema de ficheiros
-x, --exclude-type=TIPO limitar listagem a sist. ficheiros não de tipo TIPO
-v (ignorado)
-S ordenar por tamanho de ficheiro
--sort=PAL ordenar por PAL em vez de nome: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=PAL com -l, mostrar tempo como PAL, não tempo de
modific.: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
ou status -c; usar tempo especificado como chave
de ordenação se --sort=time
-S FICH FICH existe e é um socket
-t DF file descriptor DF está aberto num terminal
-u FICH FICH existe e o seu bit set-user-ID bit está activado
-w FICH FICH existe e permissão de escrita é garantida
-x FICH FICH existe e permissão de execução (ou pesquisa) é garantida
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefinir o sufixo de salvaguarda habitual
-t, --target-directory=PASTA especificar a PASTA na qual criar as
ligações
-T, --no-target-directory tratar NOME_LIGAÇÃO como um ficheiro normal
-v, --verbose mostrar o nome de cada ficheiro ligado
-T, -w, --mesg adicionar estado de mensagem do utilizador como +, - ou ?
-u, --users listar utilizadores actualmente no sistema
--message o mesmo que -T
--writable o mesmo que -T
-W, --word-regexp=EXPREG usar EXPREG para combinar cada palavra-chave
-b, --break-file=FICHEIRO caracteres separação palavras neste FICHEIRO
-f, --ignore-case ignorar capitalização
-g, --gap-size=NÚMERO espaço entre campos de saída, em colunas
-i, --ignore-file=FICHEIRO ler lista palavras a ignorar de FICHEIRO
-o, --only-file=FICHEIRO ler lista palavras únicas de FICHEIRO
-Z, --context=CTX alterar contexto de segur. SELinux de NOME para CTX
-Z, --context=CTX alterar cont. segur. SELinux de cada NOME para CTX
-a, --across imprimir colunas em largura, não altura, usado em conjunto
com -COLUNAS
-c, --show-control-chars
usar notações de chapéu (^G) e barra invertida octal
-d, --double-space
duplicar o espaço da saída
-a, --all escrever contagens todos os ficheiros, não só pastas
--apparent-size mostrar tamanhos aparentes, não utiliz. disco; apesar
de o tamanho aparente ser habit. mais pequeno, pode
ser maior devido a buracos em ficheiros (esparsos),
fragmentação interna, blocos indirectos e afins
-a, --all converter todos os espaços, em vez de apenas os iniciais
--first-only converter apenas os espaços inicias (anula -a)
-t, --tabs=N TABs de N caracteres em vez de 8 (activa -a)
-t, --tabs=LISTA usar lista sep. por vírg. de posições de TABs (activa -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N usar sufixos de comprimento N (predefinido %d)
-b, --bytes=TAMANHO colocar TAMANHO bytes por ficheiro de saída
-C, --line-bytes=TAMANHO colocar no máximo TAMANHO bytes de linhas por fich.
-d, --numeric-suffixes usar sufixos numéricos em vez de alfabéticos
-l, --lines=NÚMERO colocar NÚMERO linhas por ficheiro de saída
-b, --before anexar o separador antes em vez de depois
-r, --regex interpretar o separador como uma expressão regular
-s, --separator=EXPR usar EXPR como o separador em vez de nova linha
-b, --binary ler em modo binário
-b, --binary ler em modo binário (predefinido excepto ao ler stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=ESTILO usar ESTILO para numerar linhas de corpo
-d, --section-delimiter=CC usar CC para separar páginas lógicas
-f, --footer-numbering=ESTILO usar ESTILO para numerar linhas de roda-pé
-b, --bytes countar bytes em vez de colunas
-s, --spaces separar nos espaços
-w, --width=LARGURA usar LARGURA colunas em vez de 80
-b, --bytes=LISTA escolher apenas estes bytes
-c, --characters=LISTA escolher apenas estes caracteres
-d, --delimiter=DELIM usar DELIM em vez de TAB para delimitar campos
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignorar espaços iniciais
-d, --dictionary-order considerar apenas espaços e car. alfanuméricos
-f, --ignore-case ignorar capitalização de letras
-b, --suffix-format=FORMATO usar FORMATO sprintf em vez de %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIXO usar PREFIXO em vez de `xx'
-k, --keep-files preservar ficheiros de saída após erro
-c, --check ler somas de %s dos FICHEIROs e verificá-las
-c, --count prefixar linhas com o número de ocorrências
-d, --repeated exibir apenas linhas duplicadas
-c, --crown-margin preservar indentação das primeiras duas linhas
-p, --prefix=EXPRESSÃO reformatar apenas linhas que começam por EXPRESSÃO,
inserindo o prefixo nas linhas reformatadas
-s, --split-only separar linhas longas, mas não reencher
-d, --delimiters=LISTA reusar caracteres de LISTA em vez de TABs
-s, --serial colar um ficheiro de cada vez em vez de em paralelo
-e activar interpretação de sinaliz. barra invertida (predef.)
-E desactivar interpretação de barras invertidas sinalizadas
-f não ordenar, activar -aU, desactivar -ls --color
-F, --classify acrescentar indicador (um de */=>@|) às entradas
--file-type da mesma forma, excepto não acrescentar '*'
--format=PALAVRA ao longo -x, vírgulas -m, horizontal -x, longo -l,
uma coluna -1, verboso -l, vertical -C
--full-time como -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omitir a linha de títulos de coluna em formato curto
-w omitir o nome completo do utilizador em formato curto
-i omitir nome comp. do util. e máquina remota em formato curto
-q omitir o nome completo do utilizador, máquina remota e tempo
de inactividade em formato curto
-f como -t fF, seleccionar reais
-i como -t dI, seleccionar inteiros decimais
-l como -t dL, seleccionar decimais longos
-o como -t o2, seleccionar unidades octais de 2 bytes
-s como -t d2, seleccionar unidades decimais de 2 bytes
-x como -t x2, seleccionar unidades hexadeciamis de 2 bytes
-f FICH FICH existe e é um ficheiro regular
-g FICH FICH existe e é set-group-ID
-G FICH FICH existe e é possuído pelo ID de grupo efectivo
-h FICH FICH existe e é uma ligação simbólica (o mesmo que -L)
-k FICH FICH existe e tem o seu bit sticky (pegajoso) activado
-f, --canonicalize canonizar seguindo todas as ligações simbólicas
em cada componente do nome dado recursivamente;
todas as componentes menos última devem existir
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonizar seguindo todas as ligações simbólicas
em cada componente do nome dado recursivamente,
todas as componentes devem existir
-f, --fields=LISTA escolher apenas estes campos; exibir todas as linhas
sem carácter delimitador, a não ser que a opção -s
seja especificada
-n (ignorado)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
despejar dados continuamente à medida que cresce;
-f, --follow e --follow=descriptor são
equivalentes
-F o mesmo que --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet desligar a maior parte das mensagens de erro
-v, --verbose mostrar um diagnóstico por cada ficheiro processado
--reference=FICHREF usar o modo de FICHREF em vez dos valores de MODO
-R, --recursive mudar ficheiros e pastas recursivamente
-f, --silent, --quiet eliminar a maioria das mensages de erro
--reference=FICHREF usar o grupo de FICHREF em vez de especificar
um valor de GRUPO
-R, --recursive operar em ficheiros e pastas recursivamente
-v, --verbose despejar um diagnóstico para cada ficheiro processado
-f, --silent, --quiet suprimir a maior parte das mensagens de erro
--reference=FICHREF usar o dono e o grupo de FICHREF em vez de
especificar valores DONO:GRUPO
-R, --recursive operar em ficheiros e pastas recursivamente
-v, --verbose despejar um diagnóstico para cada ficheiro processado
-g como -l, mas não listar o dono
-g GID[,GID1...] definir também o ID de grupo primário como GID numérico
e (se pedido) IDs de grupo suplementares como GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference afectar cada ligação simbólica em vez de qualquer
ficheiro referido (apenas útil em sistemas que podem
alterar o dono de uma ligação simbólica)
-i, --ignore-case ignorar diferenças de capitalização ao comparar campos
-j CAMPO equivalente a '-1 CAMPO -2 CAMPO'
-o FORMATO obedecer FORMATO ao construir linha de saída
-t CAR usar CAR como separador de campo de entrada e saída
-i, --initial não converter TABs após caracteres não-brancos
-t, --tabs=NÚMERO considerar TABs de NÚMERO caracteres, não 8
-i, --inodes listar inodes em vez de utilização de blocos
-k como --block-size=1K
-l, --local limitar listagem a sistemas de ficheiros locais
--no-sync não invocar sync antes de obter informação (predef.)
-k como --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links contar tamanho várias vezes se ligado persistentemente
-m como --block-size=1M
-l usar um formato de listagem longo
-L, --dereference ao mostrar informação para uma ligação simbólica,
mostrar informação do ficheiro referenciado em
vez da própria ligação
-m encher largura com entradas separadas por ,
-l, --link ligar ficheiros em vez de copiar
-L, --dereference seguir sempre ligações simbólicas em ORIGEM
-l, --login mostrar processos de registo de entraad do sistema
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonizar seguindo todas as ligações simbólicas
em cada componente do nome dado recursivamente,
sem requisitos na existência das componentes
-n, --no-newline não despejar fim de linha
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suprimir a maioria das mensagens de erro
-v, --verbose relatar os erros
-m, --mode=MODO alterar modo do ficheiro (como chmod), não a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents sem erro se existir, criar pastas antecessoras se preciso
-v, --verbose mostrar uma mensagem para cada pasta criada
-Z, --context=CTX alterar o context de segurança SELinux de cada pasta
criada para CTX
-n, --digits=DÍGITOS usar número dado de DÍGITOS em vez 2
-s, --quiet, --silent não exibir tamanhos dos ficheiros de saída
-z, --elide-empty-files remover ficheiros de saída vazios
-n, --numeric-uid-gid como -l, mas listar util. numérico e IDs de grupo
-N, --literal mostrar nomes em bruto (ex. não tratar caracteres
de controlo de forma especial)
-o como -l, mas não listar informação de grupo
-p, --indicator-style=slash
acrescentar indicador / a pastas
-o, --output=FICHEIRO resultado no FICHEIRO em vez da saída padrão
-s, --stable estabilizar desactivando comparações de recurso
-S, --buffer-size=TAMANHO usar TAMANHO para memória principal temporária
-q, --count todos nomes de utilizador e no. de utilizadores no sistema
-r, --runlevel mostrar o nível de execução actual
-s, --short mostrar apenas nome, linha e tempo (predefinido)
-t, --time mostrar última mudança do relógio de sistema
-q, --hide-control-chars exibir ? em vez de caracteres não-gráficos
--show-control-chars exibir caracteres não-gráficos (predefinido
a não ser com `ls' e um terminal como saída)
-Q, --quote-name colocar aspas nos nomes das entradas
--quoting-style=PALAV usar estilo de citação PALAV para nomes:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent nuncar mostrar cabeçalhos com nomes de ficheiros
-v, --verbose mostrar sempre cabeçalhos com nomes de ficheiros
-r, --reference=FICHEIRO mostrar o último tempo de modificação de FICHEIRO
-R, --rfc-2822 exibir data e hora no formato RFC 2822.
Exemplo: Seg, 07 Ago 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FICH usar o tempo deste ficheiro em vez do tempo actual
-t SELO usar [[SS]AA]MMDDhhmm[.ss] em vez do tempo actual
--time=PALAVRA alterar o tempo especificado:
PALAVRA é access, atime ou use: equivalente a -a
PALAVRA é modify ou mtime: equivalente a -m
-r, --references primeiro campo de cada linha é uma referência
-t, --typeset-mode - não implementado -
-w, --width=NÚMERO largura saída em colunas, referência excluída
-s, --only-delimited não exibir linhas sem delimitadores
--output-delimiter=EXP usar EXP como o delimitador de saída
o modo predefinido é usar o delimitador de entrada
-s, --signal=SINAL, -SINAL
especificar o nome ou número do sinal a enviar
-l, --list listar nomes dos sinais ou converter para/de números
-t, --table exibir uma tabela de informao de informação sinais
-s, --symbolic-link criar ligações simbólicas em vez de copiar
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefinir o sufixo habitual de salvaguarda
-t, --target-directory=PASTA copiar todas os argumentos de ORIGEM para PASTA
-T, --no-target-directory tratar DESTINO como um ficheiro normal
-t ordenar por tempo de modificação
-T, --tabsize=COLS assumir TABs de COLS espaços em vez de 8
-t equivalente a -vT
-T, --show-tabs mostrar caracteres TAB como ^I
-u (ignorado)
-v, --show-nonprinting usar a notação ^ e M-, excepto para LFD e TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP usar SEP em vez de transição vazio-não-vazio
-T, --temporary-directory=PASTA usar PASTA temporária, não $TMPDIR ou %s;
múltiplas opções especificam múltiplas pastas
-u, --unique com -c, verificar ordenação estricta;
sem -c, mostrar só primeiro de iguais
-t, --tabs=LISTA usar lista explícita de TABs separ. por vírgulas
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentação da primeira linha diferente da segunda
-u, --uniform-spacing um espaço entre palavras, dois depois de frases
-w, --width=LARGURA largura máxima de linha (predefinida 75 colunas)
-t, --target-directory=PASTA mover todas as ORIGEM(ns) para a PASTA
-T, --no-target-directory tratar DESTINO como um ficheiro normal
-u, --update mover apenas quando a ORIGEM é mais recente
que o ficheiro de destino ou quando o
ficheiro de destino não existe
-v, --verbose explicar o que está a ser feito
-t, --text ler em modo de texto (predefinido ao ler stdin)
-t, --text ler em modo de texto (predefinido)
-u, --remove truncar e remover o ficheiro após sobrescrever
-v, --verbose exibir o progresso
-x, --exact não arredondar tamanhos de ficheiro para próximo bloco;
predefinido para ficheiros não regulares
-z, --zero adicionar zeros no final da escrita para esconder destruição
-u, --update copiar apenas quando ORIGEM é mais recente
que o ficheiro de destino ou o ficheiro de
destino não existe
-v, --verbose explicar o que está a ser feito
-x, --one-file-system permanecer neste sistema de ficheiros
-u, --user=UTILIZADOR definir UTILIZADOR no contexto de segurança alvo
-r, --role=PAPEL definir PAPEL no contexto de segurança alvo
-t, --type=TIPO definir TIPO no contexto de segurança alvo
-l, --range=ALCANCE definir ALCANCE no contexto de segurança alvo
-v, --kernel-version mostrar a versão do kernel
-m, --machine mostrar o nome de hardware da máquina
-p, --processor mostrar o tipo do processador ou "desconhecido"
-i, --hardware-platform mostrar a plataforma de hardware ou "unknown"
-o, --operating-system mostrar o sistema operativo
-w, --check-chars=N comparar não mais que N caracteres nas linhas
-w, --width=COLS assumir largura de ecrã em vez do valor actual
-x listar entradas por linhas, não por colunas
-X ordenar alfabeticamente por extensão
-Z, --context mostrar contextos de segurança SELinux
-1 listar um ficheiro por linha
-z, --zero-terminated terminar linhas com byte 0, não nova linha
[:graph:] todos os caracteres mostráveis, excluindo space (espaço)
[:lower:] todas as letras minúsculas
[:print:] todos os caracteres mostráveis, incluindo space (espaço)
[:punct:] todos os caracteres de pontuação
[:space:] todos os espaços brancos horizontais e verticais
[:upper:] todas as letras maiúsculas
[:xdigit:] todos os dígitos hexadecimais
[=CAR=] todos os caracteres equivalentes a CAR
\v tab vertical
CAR1-CAR2 todos os caracteres de CAR1 a CAR2 por ordem crescente
[CAR*] em SET2, cópias de CAR até tamanho de SET1
[CAR*REP] REP cópias de CAR, REP octal se começar por 0
[:alnum:] todas as letras e dígitos
[:alpha:] todas as letras
[:blank:] todos os espaços brancos horizontais
[:cntrl:] todos os caracteres de controlo
[:digit:] todos os dígitos
ascii de EBCDIC para ASCII
ebcdic de ASCII para EBCDIC
ibm de ASCII para EBCDIC alternativo
block encher campos terminados por nova linha com espaço de tamanho cbs
unblock substituir espaços finais em campos de tamanho cbs com nova linha
lcase alterar maiúsculas para minúsculas
binary usar E/S binárias para dados
d[TAMANHO] decimal com sinal, TAMANHO bytes por inteiro
f[TAMANHO] vírgula flutuante, TAMANHO bytes por inteiro
o[TAMANHO] octal, TAMANHO bytes por inteiro
u[TAMANHO] decimal sem sinal, TAMANHO bytes por inteiro
x[TAMANHO] hexadecimal, TAMANHO bytes por inteiro
direct usar E/S directas para dados
dsync usar E/S sincronizadas para dados
noatime não actualizar o tempo de acesso
nocreat não criar o ficheiro de saída
excl falhar se o ficheiro de saída já existir
notrunc não truncar o ficheiro de saída
ucase alterar minúsculas para maiúsculas
swab trocar cada par de bytes de entrada
noctty não atribuir terminal de controlo do ficheiro
noerror continuar após erros de leitura
sync encher cada bloco de entrada com ibs NULs; quando usado
com block ou unblock, encher com espaços em vez de NULs
fdatasync escrever fisicamente dados no ficheiro de saída antes de terminar
fsync da mesma forma, mas escrever igualmente os meta-dados
nofollow não seguir ligações simbólicas
nolinks falhar se multiplamente ligado
nonblock usar E/S não-bloquantes
none, off nunca efectuar salvaguardas (mesmo se usado com --backup)
numbered, t efectuar salvaguardas numeradas
existing, nil numeradas se existirem salvaguardas numeradas, senão simples
simple, never efectuar sempre salvaguardas simples
sync da mesma forma, mas também para meta-dados
text usar E/S de texto para dados
blocos %4s Ocup Livres Uso%% blocos %s Ocup Livres Capacida (salvaguarda: %s) * [-]ctlecho ecoar caracteres de controlo em notação de chapéu (`^c')
[-]echo ecoar caracteres de entrada
* [-]echoctl o mesmo que [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe o mesmo que [-]crterase
[-]echok ecoar uma nova linha após um carácter de término
* [-]echoke o mesmo que [-]crtkill
[-]echonl ecoar nova linha mesmo sem ecoar outros caracteres
* [-]echoprt ecoar caracteres apagados invertidamente, entre '\' and '/'
[-]icanon activar caracteres especiais erase, kill, werase e rprnt
[-]iexten activar caracteres especiais não-POSIX
* [-]iuclc traduzir maiúsculas em minúsculas
* [-]ixany deixar qualquer carácter reiniciar a saída, não só o inicial
[-]ixoff activar envio de caracteres início/fim
[-]ixon activar controlo de fluxo XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk marcar erros de paridade (com sequência de 255 caracteres 0)
[-]tandem o mesmo que [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assumir caracteres de entrada em UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl traduzir carriage return para nova linha
* [-]ofdel usar caracteres de delete em vez de null para preencher.
* [-]ofill preencher caracteres em vez de esperar por temporizador
* [-]olcuc traduzir minúsculas para maiúsculas
* [-]onlcr traduzir nova linha para carriage return-nova linha
* [-]onlret nova linha executa um carriage return
* [-]onocr não mosrtar carriage returns na primeira coluna
[-]opost pós-processar saída
* tabN estilo de atraso de tab horizontal, N em [0..3]
* tabs o mesmo que tab0
* -tabs o mesmo que tab3
* vtN estilo de atraso de tab vertical, N em [0..1]
* eol2 CAR CAR alternativo para terminar a linha
erase CAR CAR apagará o último carácter inserido
intr CAR CAR enviará um sinal de interrupção
kill CAR CAR apagará a linha actual
* lnext CAR CAR inserirá o último carácter entre aspas
quit CAR CAR enviará um sinal de saída
* rprnt CAR CAR redesenhará a linha actual
start CAR CAR reiniciará a saída após pará-la
* rows N dizer ao sistema operativo que o terminal tem N linhas
* size mostrar o número de linhas e colunas de acordo com o kernel
speed mostrar a velocidade do terminal
time N com -icanon, definir limite de leitura N décimos de segundo
Montado em
TTY grupos= old em repetição %s
% 1% de memória, b 1, K 1024 (predef.) e por aí fora para M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
*** AVISO ***
A localização lespecificada pelo ambiente afecta a ordem de ordenação.
Defina LC_ALL=C para obter a ordenação tradicional que utiliza valores
de byte nativos.
%.*s: especificação de conversão inválida %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu utilizador %lu utilizadores %s %s (para expressão regular %s) %s -> %s (recuperação)
%s [-d] terminou de forma anormal %s e %s são o mesmo ficheiro %s existe mas não é uma pasta %s apareceu; a seguir fim do novo ficheiro %s tornou-se acessível %s tornou-se inacessível %s foi substituído por um ficheiro não analisável; a desistir do nome %s foi substituído; a seguir fim do novo ficheiro %s é um tipo de ficheiro desconhecido %s não é um inteiro positivo válido %s é muito grande argumento %s%s '%s' demasiado grande %s: %s é tão grande que não é representável %s: %s: número de linha fora de alcance %s: %s: correspondência não encontrada %s: %s:%s: desordem: %s: ERRO de abertura ou leitura
%s: Utilizador inexistente %s: '}' é requerido na contagem de repetição %s: operador binário esperado %s: ligações simbólicas relativas possíveis apenas na pasta actual %s: impossível alterar modo de desbloqueamento %s: impossível encontrar um nome para o ID de utilizador %lu
%s: impossível seguir fim de ficheiro deste tipo; a desistir %s: impossível retornar à posição original %s: impossível sobrescrever a pasta %s: impossível retroceder %s: impossível indexar %s: impossível mover para a posição relativa ao fim %s %s: impossível deslocar para a posição %s %s: impossível mover para a posição relativa %s %s: impossível destruir ficheiro (apenas se pode acrescentar) %s: delimitador de fecho '%c' em falta %s: impossível desactivar modo não-bloqueante %s: entrar na pasta %s? %s: entrar na pasta protegida contra escrita %s? %s: fim de ficheiro %s: operando de classe de equivalência deve ser um único carácter %s: erro de truncagem %s: erro ao escrever na posição %s %s: valor numérico esperado %s: erro ao fechar %s: erro ao abrir para escrita %s: impossível remover %s: erro de fcntl %s: error de fdatasync %s: ficheiro tem tamanho negativo %s: o ficheiro encolheu demasiado %s: ficheiro demasiado grande %s: ficheiro demasiado grande %s: ficheiro truncado %s: erro de fstat %s: error de fsync %s: ligação persistente não autorizada para a pasta %s: entrada contém um ciclo: %s: entrada contém um número mpar de símbolos %s: o ficheiro de entrada é o ficheiro de saída %s: inteiro esperado após delimitador %s: número de processo inválido (PID) %s: contagem inválida no início de %s %s: directiva inválida %s: especificação de campo inválida %s %s: tamanho de ficheiro inválido %s: tipo de ficheiro inválido %s: número máximo de estados inalterados entre aberturas inválido %s: número inválido %s: número de bytes inválido %s: número de linhas inválido %s: número de passagens inválido %s: número de segundos inválido %s: padrão inválido %s: número de processo inválido %s: expressão regular inválida: %s %s: sinal inválido %s: comprimento de sufixo inválido %s: número de linha deve ser maior que zero %s: número de linha fora de alcance %s: erro de lseek %s: múltiplos sinais especificados %s: as novas permissões são %s, não %s %s: encontradas linhas de somas de controlo %s mal formatadas %s: nenhuma informação de tamanho para este dispositivo %s: a não listar pasta já listada %s: número de bytes muito grande %s: sobrescrever %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: erro de leitura %s: remover %s %s? %s: remover todos os argumentos recursivamente? %s: remover todos os argumentos? %s: remover %s %s protegido contra escrita? %s: removido %s: a remover %s: renomeado para %s %s: substituir %s? %s: erro de seek %s: demasiadas linhas de somas de controlo %s: tentar sobrescrever %s, cancelando o modo %04lo (%s)? %s: erro ao determinar o comprimento máximo de nome de ficheiro %s: impossível realizar todas as operações pedidas %s: operador unário esperado %s: valor não convertido na totalidade %s: erro de escrita %s:%lu: linha inválida; segundo símbolo em falta %s:%lu: palavra-chave desconhecida %s %s}: inteiro requerido entre '{' e '}' » ')' esperado ')' esperado, %s encontrado (C) * sistemas de ficheiros com cache em locais temporários, como clientes
NFS versão 3
* sistemas de ficheiros com compressão
* sistemas de ficheiros com journaling, como os fornecidos com AIX e Solaris
(e JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* sistemas de ficheiros que escrevem dados redundantes e continuam, mesmo após
falhas de escrita, como sistemas de ficheiros baseados em RAID
* sistemas com imagens instantâneas, como Network Appliance's NFS server
, carga média: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) apenas funciona com SELinux -R --dereference requere -H ou -L -R -h requere -P -ef não aceita -l -nt não aceita -l -ot não aceita -l ???
Família de endereços da máquina não suportada Todos os argumentos de opções longas são mandatórios para opções curtas.
Todos os pedidos terminados Memória tampão de argumentos demasiado pequena Valor mau para ai_flags ATENÇÃO: Note que shred baseia-se numa assunção muito importante:
que o sistema de ficheiro sobrescreve dados no lugar. Este é o modo tradicional
de o fazer, mas alguns sistemas modernos não satisfazem esta assunção.
Seguem-se exemplos de sistemas de ficheiros em que shred não é eficaz, ou
não é garantido que seja eficaz em todos os modos do sistema de ficheiros:
COMENTÁ Chamar a função link para criar uma ligação FICH2 para um FICH1 existente.
Invocar a função unlink para remover o FICHEIRO especificado.
Alterar as identificações de utilizador e de grupo efectivas do UTILIZADOR.
-, -l, --login tornar a shell numa shell de login
-c, --command=COMANDO enviar um único COMANDO à shell com -c
-f, --fast enviar -f à shell (para csh ou tcsh)
-m, --preserver-environment preservar as variáveis do ambiente
-p o mesmo que -m
-s, --shell=SHELL correr SHELL se /etc/shells o permitir
Mudar o grupo de cada FICHEIRO para GRUPO.
Com --reference, mudar o grupo de cada FICHEIRO para o mesmo de FICHREF.
-c, --changes como verboso mas comunicar apenas quando há mudança
--dereference afectar a referência de cada ligação simbólica (por
omissão) em vez da própria ligação simbólica
Alterar o modo de cada FICHEIRO para MODO.
-c, --changes como verboso mas comunicar apenas quando há alteração
Alterar o dono e/ou grupo de cada FICHEIRO PARA DONO e/ou GRUPO.
Com --reference, alterar o dono e grupo de cada FICHEIRO para os de FICHREF.
-c, --changes como verboso mas comunicar apenas quando há alterações
--dereference afectar a referência de cada ligação simbólica
(predefinido), em vez da própria ligação simbólica
Comparar os ficheiros ordenados FICHEIRO1 e FICHEIRO2 linha a linha.
Concatenar FICHEIRO(s), ou entrada padrão, para a saída padrão.
-A, --show-all equivalente a -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numerar linhas de saída não vazia
-e equivalente a -vE
-E, --show-ends mostrar $ no fim de cada linha
-n, --number numerar todas as linhas de saída
-s, --squeeze-blank eliminar linhas vazias de saída repetidas
Converter expaços em cada FICHEIRO para TABs, escrevendo na saída padrão.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Converter TABs em cada FICHEIRO para espaços, escrevendo na saída padrão.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Copiar FONTE para DESTINO, ou múltiplas FONTE(s) pasta PASTA.
Copiar a entrada padrão para cada FICHEIRO e para a saída padrão.
-a, --append acrescentar aos FICHEIROs, não sobrescrever
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignorar os sinais de interrupção
Criar pipes nomeados (FIFOs) com os NOMEs dados.
Criar as PASTA(s),caso ainda não existam.
Criar o ficheiro especial NOME com o TIPO dado.
Pasta: EXibir o estado de ficheiros ou do sistema de ficheiros.
-L, --dereference seguir ligações simbólicas
-f, --file-system estado do sistema de ficheiros em vez de ficheiro
Exibir o tempo actual no FORMATO dado, ou alterar a data do sistema.
-d, --date=EXPR mostrar o tempo descrito por EXPR, não o actual
-f, --file=FICHEIRO como --date mas uma vez para cada linha de FICHEIRO
Descartar grupos suplementares, assumir IDs de utilizador e grupo do UTILIZADOR
especificado (ID numérico ou nome) e executar COMANDO com ARGUMENTOs.
Sair com estado 111 se incapaz de assumir IDs de utilizador e grupo requeridos.
Caso contrário, sair com o estado de saída de COMANDO.
Este programa é útil apenas quando executado pelo superutilizador (ID zero).
SAÍD Cada alcance é um de:
N N-ésimo byte, carácter ou campo, countado a partir de 1
N- do N-ésimo byte, carácter ou campo, até fim da linha
N-M do N-ésimo ao do M-ésimo (inclusive) byte, carácter ou campo
-M do primeiro ao M-ésimo (inclusive) byte, carácter ou campo
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Ecoar as EXPRESSÃO(ões) para a saída padrão.
-n não despejar a nova linha final
Sair com um código de estado indicando sucesso Sair com o estado determinado por EXPRESSÃO.
F. Pinard ERRO FORMATO deve ser indicado para mostrar um argumento de tipo 'double';
predefinido como %.PRECf se PRIMEIRO, INCREMENTO e ÚLTIMO são todos números
decimais de ponto fixo com precisão máxima PREC, seno como %g.
Fifos não possuem números maior e menor de dispositivo. Sist.fichs Sist.fichs Tipo PAra cada par de linhas de entrada com campos de junção idênticos, escrever
uma linha na saída padrão. O campo de junção predefinido é o primeiro,
delimitado por espaço. Quando FICH1 ou FICH2 (não ambos) é -, ler stdin.
-a NUMFICH mostrar linhas sem par vindas do ficheiro NUMFICH, onde
NUMFICH é 1 ou 2, correspondente a FICH1 ou FICH2
-e VAZIO substituir campos de entrada em falta com VAZIO
Forçar blocos alterados para disco, actualizar o superbloco.
INAC Inactivo Adicionalmente, salvaguardas de sistemas de ficheiros e espelhos remotos podem
conter cópias do ficheiro que não podem ser removidas e isso permitirá que um
ficheiro destruído seja recuperado mais tarde.
Na vida real: No caso de sistemas de ficheiros ext3, o texto acima aplica-se
(e shred tem portanto eficácia limitada) apenas em modo data=journal,
que regista dados de ficheiros além de apenas metadata. Em ambos os modos
data=ordered (predefinido) e data=writeback, shred funciona como habitualmente.
Modos de journaling ext3 podem slr alterados adicionando a opção data=something
às opções de montagem para um sistemas de ficheiros particular em /etc/fstab,
como documentado na página de manual mount (man mount).
Infinitivo B Interrompido por um sinal Referência anterior inválida Nome de classe de carácter inválido Carácter de ordem inválido Conteúdo de \{\} inválido Expressão regular precedente inválida Limite final de intervalo inválido Expressão regular inválida LINH Listar informação acerca dos FICHEIROs (a pasta actual por omissão).
Ordenar entradas alfabeticamente se nenhuma de -cftuvSUX e --sort.
Utilizador Nome de utilizador: Argumentos mandatórios para opções longas são mandatórios para opções curtas também.
Falha de alocação de memória Memória esgotada NOME Nome Nome ou serviço desconhecido Nenhum endereço associado ao nome de máquina Sem correspondência Nenhuma expressão regular anterior Falha irrecuperável na resolução de nome OK Apenas uam expressão pode ser dada ao apagar sem espremer repetições Opções de ordenação:
Despejar um índice permutado, incluindo contexto, das palavras nos ficheiros de entrada.
Emitir comandos para ajustar a variável de ambiente LS_COLORS.
Determinar o formato da saída:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell emitir código Bourne shell para ajustar LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell emitir código C shell para ajustar LS_COLORS
-p, --print-data-base emitir códigos predefinidos
Despejar partes de ENTRADA de tamanho fixo para PREFIXOaa, PREFIXOab, ...;
tamanho predef. 1000 linhas e PREFIXO predef. 'x'. Sem ENTRADA, ou quando
ENTRADA é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Despejar partes de FICHEIRO separadas por PADRÃO(ÕES) para os ficheiros 'xx00',
'xx01', ..., e exibir contagem de bytes de cada parte.
Mostrar quem se encontra no sistema de acordo com FICHEIRO.
Se FICHEIRO não for especificado, usar %s. %s como FICHEIRO é comum.
Sobrescrever os FICHEIRO(s) especificados repetidamente, de forma a tornar
ainda mais difícil recuperar os dados mesmo para equipamento muito caro.
PID Paginar ou colunizar FICHEIRO(s) para impressão.
Expressão de parâmetros codificada incorrectamente Senha: Plan:
Fim prematuro de expressão regular Exibir ARGUMENTO(s) no FORMATO, ou executar de acordo com OPÇÃO:
Exibir o CRC e contagem de bytes de cada FICHEIRO.
Mostrar NOME com todas as pastas removidas.
Se especificado, remover também um SUFIXO.
Exibir NOME sem a componente '/'; se NOME não contiver / mostrar '.'
(o que significa a pasta actual).
--help mostra esta ajuda e sai
--version mostra a informação de versão e sai
Mostrar alguma informação sobre o sistema. Sem OPÇÃO, o mesmo que -s.
-a, --all mostrar toda a informação, na seguinte ordem,
excepto omitir -p e -i se desconhecidos:
-s, --kernel-name mostrar o nome do sistema operativo
-n, --nodename mostrar o nome do nó da máquina na rede
-r, --kernel-release mostrar a versão do sistema operativo
Exibir a arquitectura da máquina.
Exibir números de PRIMEIRO a ÚLTIMO, em intervalos de INCREMENTO.
-f, --format=FORMATO usar FORMATO vírgula flutuante estilo printf style
-s, --separator=EXPR usar EXPR para separar números (predefinido: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalizar largura preenchendo zeros iniciais
Exibir ou alterar características de terminal.
-a, --all mostrar preferências legíveis por humanos
-g, --save mostrar preferências legíveis por stty
-F, --file=DISPOSITIVO abrir e usar o DISPOSITIVO em vez de stdin
Mostrar partes seleccionadas de linhas de cada FICHEIRO.
Mostrar o nome de ficheiro do terminal ligado ao canal de entrada padrão.
-s, --silent, --quiet não mostra nadar, só retornar um estado de saída
Mostrar as primeiras 10 linhas de cada FICHEIRO.
Com mais de um FICHEIRO, preceder cada linha com o nome do ficheiro.
Sem FICHEIRO ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Mostrar o caminho completo da pasta de trabalho actual.
Exibir as últimas %d linhas de cada FICHEIRO.
Com mais de um FICHEIRO, anteceder cada um com um cabeçalho com o seu nome.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Exibir o nome do utilizador actual.
Exibir o nome do utilizador associado ao ID efectivo actual.
O mesmo que id -un.
Processamento de pedido a decorrer Projecto: Expressão regular demasiado grande Remover (desligar) FICHEIRO(s).
-f, --force ignorar ficheiros inexistentes, nunca perguntar
-i perguntar antes de cada remoção
Renomear ORIGEM para DESTINO ou mover ORIGEM(ns) para PASTA.
Despejar repetidamente uma linha com as EXPRESSÃO(ões) especificadas, ou 'y'.
Pedido cancelado Pedido não cancelado Correr COMANDO com prioridade, ajustada afectando o planeamento de processos.
Sem COMANDO, mostrar a prioridade actual. Prioridades variam entre %d
(mais favorável) e %d (menos favorável).
-n, --adjustment=N somar inteiro N à prioridade (predifinido 10)
Executar COMANDO como pasta raiz definida como NOVARAIZ.
Executar COMANDO, ignorando sinais de término.
EXecutar um programa num contexto de segurança diferente.
Sem CONTEXTO nem COMANDO, mostrar o actual contexto de segurança.
CONTEXTO Contexto de segurança completo
-c, --compute computar contexto transição do processo antes de mudar
-t, --type=TIPO tipo (para mesmo papel que pai)
-u, --user=UTILIZADOR identidade do utilizador
-r, --role=PAPEL papel
-l, --range=ALCANCE intervalo de nível
Enviar sinais a processos ou listar sinais.
Servname não suportado para ai_socktype Defina LC_ALL='C' para contornar o problema. Consola: Mostrar informação acerca do sistema de ficheiros onde cada FICHEIRO reside,
ou todos os sistemas de ficheiros por omissão.
Ficheiros especiais requerem números maior e menor do dispositivo. Sucesso Resumir utilização de disco de cada FICHEIRO, recursivamente para pastas.
Erro de sistema TEMP Falha temporária na resolução de nome As seguintes preferências opcionais podem seguir-se a '%':
- (hífen) não encher o campo
_ (sublinhado) encher com espaços
0 (zero) encher com zeros
^ usar maiúsculas se possível
# usar capitalização oposta se possível
As opções seguintes modificam a forma como uma hierarquia é percorrida quando a
opção -R também é especificada. Se mais d oque uma for especificada, apenas a
final toma efeito.
-H se um argumento é uma ligação simbólica
para uma pasta, percorrê-la
-L percorrer todas as ligações simbólicas para pastas
encontradas
-P não percorrer ligações simbólicas (predefinido)
As expressões comparadas foram %s e %s. Barra invertida no final Tente '%s --help' para mais informações.
Tente '%s ./%s' para remover o ficheiro %s.
Duas expressões devem ser dadas ao traduzir Erro desconhecido Erro de sistema desconhecido ( ou \( não correspondido ) ou \) não correspondido [ ou [^ não correspondido \{ não correspondido Utilização: %s COMANDO [ARG]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s CONTEXTO COMANDO [args]
ou: %s [ -c ] [-u UTILIZADOR] [-r PAPEL] [-t TIPO] [-l ALCANCE] COMANDO [args]
Utilização: %s EXPRESSÃO
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s FICHEIRO
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s FICHEIRO1 FICHEIRO2
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s FORMATO [ARGUMENTO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s NOME
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s NOME [SUFIXO]
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s NÚMERO[SUFIXO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Pausar por NÚMERO segundos. SUFIXO pode ser 's' para segundos (predefinido),
'm' para minutos, 'h' para horas ou 'd' para dias. Oposto a outras versões
que requerem NÚMERO inteiro, aqui NÚMERO pode ser um real arbitrário.
Dados dois ou mais argumentos, pausar pela quantidade de tempo especificada
pela soma dos seus valores.
Utilização: %s OPÇÃO... [FICHEIRO]...
Utilização: %s [-s SINAL | -SINAL] PID...
ou: %s -l [SINAL]...
ou: %s -t [SINAL]...
Utilização: %s [FICHEIRO]...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]
Utilização: %s [NOME]
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]
Exibir ou alterar o nome de máquina do sistema actual.
Utilização: %s [NÚMERO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s [OPERANDO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO] [COMANDO [ARG]...]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO] [FICHEIRO]
Escrever lista totalmente ordenada consistente com ord. parcial em FICHEIRO.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... CONTEXTO FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-u UTILIZADOR] [-r PAPEL] [-l INTERVALO] [-t TIPO] FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=FICHREF FICHEIRO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... PASTA...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... FICHEIRO
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... FICHEIRO PADRÃO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... FICHEIRO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... FICHEIRO1 FICHEIRO2
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... GRUPO FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=FICHREF FICHEIRO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... ÚLTIMO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... PRIMEIRO ÚLTIMO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... PRIMEIRO INCREMENTO ÚLTIMO
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... MODO[,MODO]... FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... MODO-OCTAL FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=FICHREF FICHEIRO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... NOME TIPO [MAIOR MENOR]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... NOME...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... CONJUNTO1 [CONJUNTO2]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ FICHEIRO | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [+FORMATO]
ou: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] FONTE DESTINO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... FONTE... PASTA
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t PASTA FONTE...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] ORIGEM DESTINO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... ORIGEM... PASTA
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t PASTA ORIGEM...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -d PASTA...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] DESTINO NOME_LIGAÇÃO (1o formato)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... DESTINO (2o formato)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... DESTINO... PASTA (3o formato)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t PASTA DESTINO... (4o formato)
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-] [NOME=VALOR]... [COMANDO [ARG]...]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-] [UTILIZADOR [ARGUMENTO]...]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO]
ou: %s -e [OPÇÃO]... [ARG]...
ou: %s -i BAIXO-ALTO [OPÇÃO]...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO]...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO]...
ou: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FICHEIRO] [[+]POSIÇÃO[.][b]]
ou: %s --traditional [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO] [[+]POSIÇÃO[.][b] [+][ETIQUETA][.][b]]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [FICHEIRO]...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --files0-from=F
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA [SAÍDA]]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA]... (sem -G)
ou: %s -G [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA [SAÍDA]]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [DONO][:[GRUPO]] FICHEIRO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=FICHREF FICHEIRO...
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [MOLDE]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [UTILIZADOR]
Utilização: %s [OPÇÃO]... [UTILIZADOR]...
Utilização: %s [EXPRESSÃO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: %s [argumentos de linha de comando ignorados]
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Utilização: test EXPRESSÃO
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSÃO ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPÇÃO
Argumentos válidos: Sequências de formato válidas para sistemas de ficheiros:
%a Blocos livres disponíveis para não-superutilizador
%b Total de blocos de dados no sistema de ficheiros
%c Total de nós de ficheiros no sistema de ficheiros
%d Nós de ficheiros livres no sistema de ficheiros
%f Blocos livres no sistema de ficheiros
%C Expressão de contexto de segurança SELinux
AVISO: Estrutura de pastas circular.
Isto significa quase de certeza que o sistema de ficheiros está corrompido.
NOTIFIQUE O ADMINISTRADOR DO SISTEMA.
A pasta seguinte pertence ao ciclo:
%s
Aviso: Quando Onde Envolver as linhas de entrada em cada FICHEIRO (entrada padrão por omissão),
escrelendo para a saída padrão.
Escrever uma permutação aleatória das linhas de entrada na saída padrão.
Escrever cada FICHEIRO para a saída padrão, última linha em primeiro.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Escrever cada FICHEIRO para a saída padrão, com número de linha.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Escrever linhas consistindo das linhas correspondentes sequencialmente de
cada FICHEIRO, separadas por TABs, para a saída padrão.
Sem FICHEIRO, ou quando FICHEIRO é -, ler a entrada padrão.
Escrever concatenação ordenada de todos os FICHEIROs na saída padrão.
Escrito por %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e outros.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s
e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s.
expressões [=c=] podem não aparecer na expressão2 ao traduzir ^[nN] ^[yY] « '-%c' caracteres extra ou número inválido no argumento: %s '--pages=PRIM_PÁG[:ÚLT_PÁG]' argumento em falta '-N NÚMERO' número de linha inicial inválido: %s '-W COMP_PÁG' número inválido de caracteres: %s '-l COMP_PÁG' número inválido de linhas: %s '-o MARGEM' índice de linha inválido: %s '-w COMP_PÁG' número de caracteres inválido: %s um comando deve ser dado com um ajuste a aceder a %s ai_family não suportada ai_socktype não suportado argumento %s ambíguo para %s um delimitador de entrada deve ser especificado apenas para campos salvaguardar %s destruiria a origem; %s não copiado salvaguardar %s destruiria a origem; %s não movido tipo de salvaguarda ficheiro especial de blocos ficheiros especiais de tipo bloco não suportados ambos os ficheiros não podem ser a entrada padrão posição de byte %s demasiado grande impossível aplicar contexto parcial ao ficheiro não etiquetado %s impossível obter contexto do processo impossível aceder a %s impossível salvaguardar %s impossível resumir e mostrar todas as entradas ao mesmo tempo impossível alterar o dono de %s impossível alterar as permissões de %s impossível alterar a pasta raiz para %s impossível mudar para a pasta %s impossível mudar para a pasta raiz impossível combinar as opções -e e -i impossível combinar quaisquer dois de {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} impossível combinar bloquear e desbloquear impossível combinar excl e nocreat impossível combinar letras minúsculas e maiúsculas impossível combinar opções de modo e --reference impossível combinar sinal com -l ou -t impossível comparar os nomes de ficheiro %s e %s impossível converter U+%04X para conjunto de caracteres local impossível converter U+%04X para conjunto de caracteres local: %s impossível copiar uma pasta, %s, para si própria, %s impossível copiar a ligação simbólica cíclica %s impossível criar a pasta %s impossível criar fifo %s impossível criar a ligação persistente %s para %s impossível criar a ligação %s impossível criar ligação %s para %s impossível criar o ficheiro regular %s impossível criar o ficheiro especial %s impossível criar a ligação simbólica %s impossível criar a ligação simbólica %s para %s impossível desreferenciar %s impossível obter o dispositivo e inode de %s impossível determinar o nome da máquina erro ao executar ioctl em %s impossível encontrar o nome do grupo com ID %lu impossível encontrar o nome do utilizador com ID %lu impossível perseguir %s pelo nome impossível forçar contexto alvo a %s e preservá-lo impossível obter o estado de %s impossível obter a pasta actual impossível obter nível de prioridade impossível obter o nome do sistema impossível alterar o posicionamento dentro do ficheiro %s impossível criar ligações simbólicas e persistentes impossível criar a pasta %s impossível mover %s para %s impossível mover %s para uma própria sub-pasta, %s impossível mover a pasta para a não pasta: %s -> %s impossível abrir %s para leitura impossível abrir %s para escrita impossível abrir a pasta %s impossível operar sobre ligação simbólica %s impossível sobrescrever a pasta %s com não-pasta impossível sobrescrever a não-pasta %s com a pasta %s impossível formatar o resultado de saída impossível preservar contexto de segurança sem um sistema operativo com suporte SELinux impossível mostrar "apenas" de mais de uma escolha impossível exibir apenas nomes ou IDs reais no formato predefinido impossível mostrar contexto de segurança quando especificado pelo utilizador impossível ler a pasta %s impossível ler os nomes de ficheiros a partir %s impossível ler a informação do sistema de ficheiros para %s impossível consultar relógio de tempo real impossível ler a ligação simbólica %s impossível ler a tabela de sistemas de ficheiros montados impossível remover %s impossível reposicionar apontador de ficheiro para %s impossível alterar a data impossível alterar a identificação de grupo impossível alterar o identificador de grupo para %lu impossível definir grupos impossível alterar nome da máquina; o sistema não tem a funcionalidade impossível alterar o nome de máquina para %s impossível alterar nível de prioridade impossível alterar marcas de tempo de %s impossível alterar o ID do utilizador impossível alterar o identificador de utilizador para %lu impossível slatar depois do fim da entrada combinada impossível especificar tempos a partir de mais de uma fonte impossível dividir em mais do que uma forma impossível analisar %s impossível obter a pasta actual (agora %s) impossível executar sobre %s impossível recuperar %s impossível executar sobre %s impossível contornar erro do kernel grupo de %s alterado para %s
dono de %s alterado para %s
a alterar o grupo de %s a alterar o dono de %s a alterar as permissões de %s índice de carácter é zero carácter fora de limite ficheiro especial de caracteres ficheiros especiais de tipo caracter não suportados a limpar as permissões de %s mud. relógio erro de close a fechar %s a fechar %s (fd=%d) a fechar a pasta %s a fechar o ficheiro de entrada %s a apagar o ficheiro de saída %s a fechar a entrada padrão expressões de substituição de campo vazio em conflicto especificadores de contexto de segurança em conflito impossível criar o processo para %s -d impossível criar o ficheiro temporário impossível executar %s impossível executar %s -d entrada de pasta não encontrada em %s com i-node correspondente impossível obter o tempo de arranque pasta %s criada a criar a pasta %s a criar o ficheiro %s
a criar ligação persistente %s a criar ligação persistente %s => %s a criar ligação persistente para %.0s%s a criar ligação simbólica %s a criar ligação simbólica %s -> %s lista de delimitadores termina com uma barra invertida assinalada: %s pasta divisão por zero erro de dup2 nome de ficheiro vazio TAB vazio erro ao fechar o ficheiro erro no analisador de expressões regulares erro na pesquisa de expressão regular erro ao ler %s erro ao escrever %s saíd= argumento extra %s operando extra %s operando extra %s
operando extra %s não permitido com -%c erro ao alterar contexto de %s para %s erro ao alterar o grupo de %s para %s
erro ao alterar o modo de %s para %04lo (%s)
erro ao alterar o dono de %s
erro ao alterar o dono de %s para %s
erro ao entrar na pasta %s erro ao computar um novo contexto erro ao criar pasta via molde (template) %s erro ao criar ficheiro via molde (template) %s erro ao criar contexto de segurança: %s erro ao obter os atributos de %s erro ao obter o contexto actual erro ao obter o contexto de criação do sistema de ficheiros erro ao obter os grupos do processo corrente erro ao obter os grupos do utilizador %s erro ao obter contexto de segurança de %s ficheiro %s não encontrado erro ao abrir %s erro ao preservar o criador de %s erro ao preservar o dono de %s erro ao preservar permissões de %s erro ao preservar os tempos de %s erro ao redireccionar o canal de erro padrão erro ao remover %s erro ao remover a pasta %s erro ao restaurar o context de criação de ficheiros predefinido erro ao regressar à pasta de trabalho inicial erro ao definir o contexto de segurança de %s para %s erro ao alterar contexto padrão de criação de ficheiros %s erro ao definir o novo intervalo %s erro ao definir o novo papel %s erro ao definir o novo tipo %s erro ao definir o novo utilizador %s erro ao definir grupo(s) adicional(is) erro ao configurar a cópia de stderr para fechar em exec erro ao alterar o contexto de segurança de %s para %s erro ao analisar %s erro de fdatasync para %s erro de fflush número de campo %s demasiado grande número de campo é zero campos e posições são numerados a partir de 1 fifo sistema de ficheiros de tipo %s simultaneamente escolhido e excluído erro na chamada de sistema fork a expressão de formatação não deve ser especificada ao mostrar expressões da mesma largura erro de fsync para %s fts_read falhou getpass: impossível abrir /dev/tty a obter os novos atributos de %s grupo de %s mantido como %s
função iconv indisponível função iconv inutilizável id= a ignorar todos os argumentos a ignorar a entrada a ignorar a entrada e a acrescentar a saída a %s a ignorar entrada e a redireccionar stderr para stdout a ignorar tamanho de tab inválido na variável de ambiente TABSIZE: %s a ignorar valor inválido da variável de ambiente QUOTING_STYLE: %s a ignorar largura inválida na variável de ambiente COLUMNS: %s a ignorar argumentos não-opção campos de junção inválidos %lu, %lu tabuladores incompatíveis senha incorrecta a entrada desapareceu linha de entrada demasiado grande erro ao mover entre dispositivos: %s para %s; impossível remover alvo argumento %s%s inválido '%s' ajuste inválido %s argumento inválido %s argumento %s inválido para %s estilo de numeração de corpo inválido: %s byte ou lista de campo inválido carácter inválido '%c' na expressão de tipo %s classe de caracteres inválida %s contexto inválido: %s conversão inválida especificação de conversão inválida no sufixo: %c especificação de conversão inválida no sufixo: \%.3o data inválida %s formato de data inválido %s intervalo decrescente inválido dispositivo inválido %s %s tipo de dispositivo inválido %s número de campo inválido: %s especificador de campo inválido: %s largura de campo inválida: %s número de ficheiro inválido no especificador de campo: %s argumento em vírgula flutuante inválido: %s estilo de numeração de roda-pé inválido: %s formato de precisão inválido formato de largura inválido largura de espaço inválida: %s grupo inválido grupo %s inválido grupo inválido: %s estilo de numeração de cabeçalho inválido: %s dados de entrada inválidos opção de entrada inválida intervalo de entrada inválido %s inteiro inválido %s argumento inteiro inválido %s contagem de linhas inválida %s disciplina de linha inválida %s largura de campo de número de linha inválida: %s incremento de número de linha inválido: %s formato de numeração de linha inválido: %s largura de linha inválida: %s número maior de dispositivo inválido %s profundidade máxima %s inválida número menor de dispositivo inválido %s modo inválido modo inválido %s modo inválido: %s número inválido %s número inválido após ',' número inválido após '-' número inválido após '.' número inválido no início do campo número inválido de linhas em branco: %s número de bytes inválido número inválido de bytes a comparar número inválido de bytes a ignorar número inválido de colunas: %s número inválido de campos a ignorar número de linhas inválido número de linhas inválido: 0 opção inválida -- %c opção inválida -- %c; -LARGURA é reconhecida apenas quando é a primeira
opção; use -w N ao invés radical de endereço de saída '%c' inválido; tem de ser um carácter de [doxn] opção de saída inválida precisão inválida: %s intervalo inválido sem fim: - contagem de repetição inválida %s na construção [c*n] especificação inválida número de linha inicial inválido: %s opção de estado inválida sufixo inválido no argumento %s%s '%s' tamanho de tabulação inválido: %s molde (template) inválido, %s, contém separador de pastas molde (template) inválido, %s; com --tmpdir, pode não ser absoluto intervalo de tempo inválido %s formato de estilo de tempo inválido %s opção final inválida -- %c expressão inválida %s expressão de tipo inválida %s;
este sistema não providencia um tipo de vírgula flutuante de %lu bytes expressão de tipo inválida %s;
este sistema não providencia um tipo integral de %lu bytes nome de carácter universal inválido \%c%0*x utilizador inválido utilizador inválido %s largura inválida: %s comprimento de partição inválido: %s nome de ficheiro vazio inválido' é perigoso operar recursivamente sobre %s é perigoso operar recursivamente sobre %s (mesmo que %s) últi= '-' no início de uma componente do nome de ficheiro %s limite %lu excedido por comprimento %lu do nome de ficheiro %s limite %lu excedido por comprimento %lu da componente do nome de ficheiro %s opção de contagem de linha -%s%c... é demasiado grande o número de linha %s é inferior ao precedente, %s número de linha demasiado grande memória esgotada fila de mensagens construção [:upper:] e/ou [:lower:] desalinhada(s) especificação de conversão %% inválida no sufixo ']' em falta argumento em falta após %s argumento em falta para %s nome de classe de carácter '[::]' em falta especificador de conversão em falta no sufixo operando de ficheiro de destino em falta após %s carácter de classe de equivalência '[==]' em falta operando de ficheiro em falta falta um número hexadecimal no caracter de escape lista de campos ausente lista de posições ausente operando em falta operando em falta após %s modo deve especificar apenas bits de permissão de ficheiro modo de %s alterado para %04lo (%s)
modo de %s mantido como %04lo (%s)
tabulador multi-carácter %s múltiplas opções -i especificadas múltiplas opções -l ou -t especificadas múltiplos programas de compressão especificados múltiplos intervalos de nível múltiplos ficheiros de saída especificados múltiplos formatos de saída especificados múltiplas origens aleatórias especificadas múltiplos papéis múltiplas pastas de destino especificadas múltiplos tipos múltiplos utilizadores ligação simbólica %s e referência inalteradas
nenhuma variável de ambiente SHELL e nenhuma opção de tipo de shell dono de %s inalterado
nenhum comando especificado nenhum sistema de ficheiros processado nenhum ficheiro em falta sem nome de utilizador número de processo não especificado nenhum tipo pode ser especificado ao despejar expressões nenhum utilizador especificado; pelo menos um deve sê-lo com -l carácter não portável %s no nome de ficheiro %s não é um tty a não escrever através da ligação simbólica %s número em %s é demasiado grande número de bytes número de linhas erro de excesso de índice ao ler o ficheiro %s a omitir a pasta %s apenas uma construção de repetição [c*] pode aparecer na expressão2 apenas um dispositivo deve ser especificado apenas um tipo de lista pode ser especificado erro de open a abrir %s opção usada em contexto inválido -- %c as opções '-%s' são incompatíveis dono de %s inalterado
dono de %s mantido como %s
largura de página muito estreita a preservar as permissões de %s a preservar os dados de tempo de %s mostrar linhas duplicadas e contagens de repetidas não faz sentido limites do intervalo '%s-%s' estão em ordem de sequência inversa erro de leitura erro de read a ler %s a ler a pasta %s campo demasiado grande ficheiro regular vazio ficheiro regular %s removido
pasta removida: %s
a remover a pasta, %s nível-exe semáforo o separador não pode ser vazio a definir opções para %s a definir as permissões de %s a alterar os tempos de %s objecto de memória partilhada skip-bytes + read-bytes é demasiado grande a saltar %s, uma vez que se encontra noutro dispositivo a saltar o ficheiro %s, uma vez que foi substituído ao ser copiado socket erro padrão canal de entrada por omissão (stdin) o canal de entrada padrão está fechado canal de saída padrão (stdout) error de stat carácter solto na especificação de campo erro na comparação de expressões erro na transformação de expressões o processo strip terminou anormalmente suprimir linhas não delimitadas faz sentido
apenas para campos ligação simbólica erro de sintaxe tamanho de TAB não pode ser 0 o tamanho do tabulador contém caracteres inválidos: %s tamanhos de TABs devem ser crescentes o tabulador é demasiado grande %s valor de paragem de TAB demasiado grande TABs demasiado separados o destino %s não é uma pasta pasta de destino não permitida ao instalar uma pasta term= test e/ou [ as opções --binary e --text não têm sentido ao verificar somas de controlo a opção --status apenas faz sentido ao verificar somas de controlo a opção --warn apenas faz sentido ao verificar somas de controlo a construção [c*] pode aparecer em expressão2 apenas ao traduzir a construção de repetição [c*] pode não aparecer na expressão1 o delimitador deve ser um único carácter as opções para saída em modo verboso e estilos de saída legíveis
pelo stty são mutuamente exclusivas as opções de saída da base de dados interna para dircolors e para sintaxe de
shell são mutuamente exclusivas as opções para imprimir e definir o tempo não podem ser usadas juntas as opções para especificar datas para impressão são mutuamente exclusivas a opção strip não pode ser usada ao instalar uma pasta o tempo %s está fora de alcance para usar o ID de utilizador %s necessita usar -g também muito poucos X's no molde (template) %s demasiadas especificações de conversão %% no sufixo demasiados caracteres no conjunto demasiados linhas repetidas demasiados moldes (templates) total objecto de memória tipada impossível gravar a pasta de trabalho actual erro ao definir o context de segurança %s operador binário desconhecido ID de utilizador desconhecido: %s a variável de ambiente LS_COLORS tem um valor ilegível operando desconhecido %s prefixo desconhecido: %s use --no-preserve-root para contornar esta segurança contra falhas o utilizador %s não existe a usar a shell restrita %s a aguardar por %s [-d] a aguardar por strip aviso: %s: carácter(acteres) a seguir a carácter constante foram ignorados aviso: %s: erro ao alterar contexto para %s aviso: --pid=PID não é suportado neste sistema aviso: --retry é útil quando se persegue por nome aviso: PID ignorado; --pid=PID é útil quando se persegue aviso: 'touch %s' é obsoleto; use 'touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' aviso: uma barra invertida sem escape no fim da expressão não é portável aviso: barra invertida no final do formato aviso: impossível mudar para a pasta %s aviso: impossível remover: %s aviso: perseguir a entrada padrão indefinidamente não tem efeito aviso: a ignorar argumentos excessivos, a começar por %s aviso: índice de ficheiro inválido após erro de leitura aviso: largura inválida %lu; a usar %d ao invés aviso: o número de linha %s é igual ao precedente aviso: ficheiro de origem %s especificado mais de uma vez aviso: resumo conflicte com --max-depth=%lu aviso: resumo é o mesmo que usar --max-depth=0 aviso: o escape octal ambíguo \%c%c%c está a ser
interpretado como a sequência de 2 bytes \0%c%c, %c aviso: código de escape '\%c' desconhecido aviso: a contornar erro de lseek do kernel para o ficheiro (%s)
de mt_type=0x%0lx -- ver para a lista de tipos ficheiro estranho ao não truncar set1, expressão2 deve ser não vazia ao ler nomes de ficheiros de stdln, nome de %s não permitido ao especificar um modo de saída, não pode alterar um modo ao traduzir com classes de caracteres complementadas,
expressão2 deve mapear todos os caracteres no domínio para um ao traduzir, as únicas classes de caracteres que podem aparecer em
expressão2 são 'upper' 'lower' %s não será copiado através da ligação simbólica recém-criada %s a ligação persistente %s não será copiada para a pasta %s recém-criado %s não será sobrescrito com %s com --parents, o destino deve ser uma pasta erro de escrita erro de escrita para %s erro de escrita a escrever %s a escrever em %s deve especificar -c, -t, -u, -l, -r ou contexto deve especificar uma lista de bytes, caracteres ou campos PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks %s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % %+% registos dentro
%+% registos fora
% registo truncado
% registos truncados
% byte (%s) copiado % bytes (%s) copiados índice muito alto: erro ao truncar para seek=% blocos (de %lu bytes) %s: %: linha de soma de controlo %s mal formatada AVISO: % de % ficheiro listado não lido AVISO: % de % ficheiros listados não lidos AVISO: % de % soma de controlo não corresponde AVISO: % de % somas de controlo não correspondem número de página inicial % excede contagem de páginas % Página % usr/share/locale/en/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000000663 15077723616 0014031 0 ustar 00 4 L ` a k % w %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M Project-Id-Version: coreutils-7.6
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2009-09-26 16:50+0200
Last-Translator: nobody
Language-Team: none
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
%b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000101043 15100136053 0014457 0 ustar 00 T _ & & &
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-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
# users=%lu
Report %s bugs to %s
??? --help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% %4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) ??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s exists but is not a directory %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: binary operator expected %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: end of file %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: file has negative size %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: input file is output file %s: invalid PID %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: lseek failed %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: write error ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) , load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Arnold Robbins Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Bus error COMMENT Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Continued Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Dmitry V. Levin EXIT Eric Blake F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown Filesystem Filesystem Type General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle In real life: Infinity B Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name OK Ordering options:
Other options:
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Simon Josefsson Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success System error TIME Terminated The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Try `%s --help' for more information.
Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown system error Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Valid arguments are: Warning: When Where Window changed Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
^[nN] ^[yY] ` accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s appending output to %s backup type block special file byte offset %s is too large cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change to directory %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create special file %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot remove %s cannot run %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set groups cannot set name to %s cannot set user id cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot watch %s changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to open %s failed to redirect standard error failed to run command %s failed to set additional groups failed to set group-ID failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring non-option arguments incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid context: %s invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid input invalid integer %s invalid major device number %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number of bytes invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of lines invalid option -- %c invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s multiple -l or -t options specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple roles multiple types multiple users no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s not a tty number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines open failed opening %s options `-%s' are incompatible read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout string comparison failed symbolic link syntax error system boot term= time %s is out of range too few X's in template %s too many repeated lines too many templates total uid=%lu unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist weird file write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context Project-Id-Version: coreutils-8.3
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-08 12:38+0100
Last-Translator: Mikel Olasagasti Uranga
Language-Team: Basque
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
-a, --all -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u aukeren berdina
-b, --boot sistemaren abioaren azken data
-d, --dead inprimatu hildako prozesuak
-H, --heading inprimatu zutabe buruen lerroak
# Erabiltzaile kopurua=%lu
%s-(r)en rograma-erroreen berri emateko idatzi %s-(e)ri
??? --help mezu hau erakutsi eta irten
--version bertsioari buruzko informazioa atera eta irten
Tamai Erab Libre Era% Inodoak IErabil ILibre IErab% Tamai Erab Libre Era% %4s-bloke Erabil. Eskurag. Erab%% %H:%M%P %s-bloke Erab Eskuragar Edukiera (babeskopia: %s) ??:???? Non muntatua
TTY kontestua=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu taldeak= zaharra %Y %b %e %b %e %H:%M erabiltzaile %lu %lu erabiltzaile %s %s badago baina ez da direktorio bat %s-(r)en orri nagusia: <%s>
%s-(r)en orri nagusia:
%s ez da zenbaki positibo zuzena %s luzeegia da %s%s argumentua `%s' luzeegia %s: %s: ez da parekiderik topatu %s: %s:%s: desordena: %s: HUTS egin du irekitzeak edo irakurtzeak
%s: Ez dago alako erabiltzailerik %s: operatzaile binarioa espero zen %s: ezin da izenik aurkitu %lu IDa duen erabiltzailearentzat
%s: fixategiaren amaiera %s: zenbaki balioa espero zen %s: huts egin da itxitzean %s: huts egin da idazteko irekitzean %s: huts egin da ezabatzen %s: fnctl-ek huts egin du %s: fitxategiak luzeera negatiboa dauka %s: fitxategi luzeegia %s fitxategia luzeegia da %s: fitxategia trunkatu da %s: fstat-ek huts egin du %s: sarrera fitxategia irteera fitxategia da %s: baliogabeko PIDa %s; fitxategi tamaina baliogabea %s: fitxategi moeta baliogabea %s: baliogabeko zenbakia %s: baliogabeko pausu kopurua %s: '%c' aukera baliogabea
%s: baliogabeko eredua %s: baliogabeko prozesu id-a %s: lseek-ek huts egin du %s: baimen bereziak %s dira, ez %s %s: '%s' aukera anbiguoa da
%s: '-W %s' aukera anbiguoa da
%s: '%c' aukerak argumentu bat behar du
%s: %s gainidatzi? %s: irakurketa errorea %s: %s %s ezabatu? %s: ezabatu argumentu guztiak errekurtsiboki? %s: ezabatu argumentu guztiak? %s: kenduta %s: kentzen %s: %s-(e)ra izena aldatu da %s: %s ordezkatu? %s: seek-ek huts egin du %s: idazketa errorea ' ')' espero zen ')' espero zen, eta %s aurkitu da (C) , karga batez bestekoa: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference aukerak -H edo -L behar du -R -h aukerak -P behar du -ef aukerak ez du -l onartzen -nt aukerak ez du -l onartzen -ot aukerak ez du -l onartzen ???
????? Arnold Robbins Balio okerrak ai_flags-entzat Brian Fox Bus-eko errorea AZALPENA Chet Ramey Semea amaituta Colin Plumb Ordenatutako 1FITXATEGIA eta 2FITXATEGIA alderatzen ditu lerroz lerro.
Jarraitua Sortu DIREKTORIOA(k) dagoeneko ez badira existitzen.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Direktorioa: Dmitry V. Levin IRTEN Eric Blake F. Pinard HUTS EGIN DA FIXME: unknown Fitxategi-sistema Fitx-sist. Moeta GNU softwarearen erabilera laguntza orokorra:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Alfer-denbora Ian Lance Taylor alfer-denbora Egiazko bizitzan: Infinity B Baliogabeko espresio erregularra James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Eraila LERROA SAIO HASIERA Saio-hasiera Saio izena: Beharrezkoak diren argumentuak aukera luzeetan, beharrezkoak dira aukera txikietan ere.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Huts egin da memoria esleitzen Memoria agortuta Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker IZENA Izena ongi Aukerak ordenatzen:
Beste aukerak:
PID %s-(e)k paketatua
%s-(e)k (%s) paketatua
Padraig Brady Pasahitza: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plana:
Argindarra arazoa Proiektua: Q. Frank Xia Irten Randy Smith Errepikatu lerro berri batean espezifikatutako KATEA(k), edo `y'.
Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Ezarri LC_ALL='C' arazo hau une batez konpontzeko Shell-a: Simon Josefsson Gelditua Gelditua (seinalea) Geldituta (tty sarrera) Geldituta (tty irteera) Stuart Kemp Arrakasta Sistemaren errorea ORDUA Amaitua Alderatutako bi kateak %s eta %s izan dira. Torbjorn Granlund Saiatu `%s --help' erabiltzen informazio gehiagorako.
Ulrich Drepper Errore ezezaguna Sistema-errore ezezaguna Erabilera: %s
Erabilera: %s KOMANDOA [ARGUMENTUA]...
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s ADIERAZPENA
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s FITXATEGIA
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s 1FITXATEGIA 2FITXATEGIA
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s FORMATUA [ARGUMENTUA]...
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s IZENA
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s IZENA [ATZIZKIA]
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s AUKERA... FITXATEGIA...
Erabilera: %s [-ZABALERA] [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA]...
Erabilera: %s [FITXATEGIA]...
edo: %s [AUKERA]
Erabilera: %s [ZENBAKIA]...
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s [ERAGIGAI]...
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA] ERRO-BERRIA [KOMANDOA [ARGUMENTUA]...]
edo: %s AUKERA
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA] [KOMANDOA [ARGUMENTUA]...]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... TESTUINGURU FITXATEGIA...
edo: %s [AUKERA]... [-u ERABILTZAILEA] [-r ROLA] [-l MULTZOA] [-t MOETA] FITXATEGIA...
edo: %s [AUKERA]... --reference=ERREFERENTZI-FITXATEGIA FITXATEGIA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... DIREKTORIOA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... FITXATEGIA
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... FITXATEGI EREDUA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... FITXATEGIA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... 1FITXATEGIA 2FITXATEGIA
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... TALDE FITXATEGIA...
edo: %s [AUKERA]... -- reference=R-FITXATEGIA FITXATEGIA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... IZENA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... MULTZO1 [MULTZO2]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [+FORMATUA]
edo: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [-T] ITURRIA HELBURUA
edo: %s [AUKERA]... ITURRIA... DIREKTORIOA
edo: %s [AUKERA]... -t DIREKTORIOA ITURRIA...
Erabilera: %s[AUKERA]... [-][ERABILTZAILEA [ARG]...]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA]
edo: %s -e [AUKERA]... [ARGUMENTUA]...
edo: %s -i LO-HI [AUKERA]...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA]...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [FITXATEGIA]...
edo: %s [AUKERA]... --files0-from=FITXATEGIA
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [SARRERA [IRTEERA]]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [SARRERA [AURRIZKIA]]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [JABEA][:[TALDEA]] FITXATEGIA...
edo: %s [AUKERA]... -- reference=ERREFERENTZI-FITXATEGIA FITXATEGIA...
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [TXANTILOIA]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [ERABILTZAILEA]
Erabilera: %s [AUKERA]... [ERABILTZAILEA]...
Erabilera: %s [KATEA]...
or: %s AUKERA
Baliozko argumentuak hauek dira: Abisua: Noiz Non Leihoa aldatu da %s-k eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s,·eta beste batzuk idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,%s, eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s, %s eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
%s eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s, %s,
eta %s-k idatzia.
%s, %s eta %s-k idatzia.
%s-k idatzia.
^[eE] ^[bB] ` %s-(r)a sartzen ai_family-k ez du euskarririk ai_socktype-k ez du euskarririk %s argumentu anbiguoa da %s-(r)entzat irteera %s-ri eransten babeskopia moeta bloke fitxategi berezia %s byte offset-a luzeegia da ezin da %s-ra sartu ezin da %s-(r)en babeskopia egin ezin da aldatu %s-(r)en jabegoa ezin da %s-(r)en baimenak aldatu ezin da %s direktoriora aldatu ezin da %s direktorioa sortu ezin da %s fifo-a sortu ezin da %s esteka sortu ezin da %s esteka sortu %s-(r)a ezin da %s fitxategi berezia sortu ezin izan da ostalari-izena zehaztu ezin zaio %s-(e)ri ioctil egin ezin zaio `fstat' egin %s-(e)ri ezin da uneko direktorioa lortu ezin da sistemaren izena lortu ezin zaio `lseek' egin %s-ri ezin da %s direktorioa egin ezin izan da %s %s-(r)a mugitu ezin da %s ireki idazketarako ezin da %s direktorioa ireki ezin da %s kendu ezin da %s exekutatu ezin da data ezarri ezin da taldearen id-a ezarri ezin dira taldeak ezarri ezin izan da izena %s-(e)ra ezarri ezin da erabiltzailearen id-a ezarri ezin da `stat' egin %s-(r)engan ezin da 'stat' egin uneko direktorioan (unekoa %s) ezin zaio %s-(e)ri touch egin ezin da %s babeskopia kendu ezin da %s esteka kendu ezin zaio %s-(r)i watch egin %s-ren taldea aldatzen %s-ren jabetza aldatzen %s-ren baimenak aldatzen offset karakterea zero da karakterea barrutitik kanpora karaktere fitxategi berezia ordu aldaketa itxierak huts egin du %s itxitzen %s itxitzen (fd=%d) %s direktorioa itxitzen %s sarrera fitxategia itxitzen %s irteera fitxategia itxitzen sarrera estandarra itxitzen ezin izan da %s exekutatu ezin izan da %s -d exekutatu ezin izan da abio ordua lortu %s direktorioa sortua %s direktorioa sortzen %s esteka trinkoa sortzen %s => %s esteka trinkoa sortzen %.0s%s-(e)ra esteka trinkoa sortzen %s esteka sinbolikoa sortzen %s -> %s esteka sinbolikoa sortzen direktorioa %s hutsa ez da onartzen fitxategi izena hutsik tabulazioa hutsa errorea fitxategia itxitzerakoan errorea %s irakurtzen errorea inotify gertakariak irakurtzen errorea komandoari itxaroten errorea %s idazten irten= argumentu gehigarria: %s huts egin da %s-(r)i `chdir' egiten huts egin da %s klonatzen huts egin da %s irekitzen stderr berbideratzeak huts egin du huts egin da %s komandoa exekutatzen huts egin da talde gehiago ezartzen huts egin da talde-id-a ezartzen huts egin da erabiltzaile-id-a ezartzen huts egin da %s-(r) `stat' egiten `fdatasync'-ek huts egin du %s-(r)entzat fifo %s fitxategi-sistema moeta aukeratuta eta eskludituta %s-(r)entzat fsync-ek huts egin du fts_close-ek huts egin du `fts_read'-ek huts egin du getpass: ezin da /dev/tty ireki %s-(r)en atributo berriak irakurtzen id= argumentu guztiak ignoratzen sarrerari ezikusiarena egiten sarrerari ezikusiarena egiten eta stderr stdout-era berbideratzen aukera ez diren argumentuak baztertzen pasahitza ez da zuzena sarrera desagertu da sarrera lerroa luzeegia da baliogabeko %s%s argumentua `%s' %s baliogabeko aldaketa baliogabeko argumentua: %s %s baliogabeko argumentua da %s-(r)entzat baliogabeko kontestua: %s %s baliogabeko data %s baliogabeko data formatua %s %s baliogabeko gailua %s baliogabeko gailua mota baliogabeko taldea baliogabea taldea %s baliogabea talde zerrenda %s baliogabea taldea: %s baliogabeko sarrera baliogabeko %s osokoa %s baliogabeko `major' gailu zenbakia %s baliogabeko `minor' gailu zenbakia %s baliogabeko modua baliogabea modua: %s `,' ondoren zenbaki baliogabea baliogabeko zenbakia `-'-ren ondoren baliogabeko zenbakia `.'-ren ondoren byte kopuru okerra baliogabeko zutabe kopurua: %s lerro kopuru okerra baliogabeko aukera -- %c baliogabeko atzizkia %s%s argumentua `%s' baliogabeko erabiltzailea %s baliogabeko erabiltzailea baliogabeko zabalera: %s arriskutsua da errekurtsiboki erabiltzea %s-n (%s-(r)en berdina azkena= uneko rlimit-arekin gehienezko --%s argumentu kopurua %s da memoria agortuta Bidali ilara `]' falta da argumentua falta da %s-(r)en ondoren argumentua falta da %s-(r)entzat -l edo -t aukera anitz espezifikatu dira maila anitz irteera fitxategi anitz espezifikatu dira rol anitz mota anitz erabiltzaile anitz ez da fitxategi sistemarik prozesatu ez da fitxategirik geratzen ez dago sarrearik %s-(e)tik ez da tty bat zenbakia %s-(e)-n luzeegia da byte kopurua lerro kopurua irekitzeak huts egin du %s irekitzen `-%s' aukerak ez dira bateragarriak irakurketa errorea irakurtzeak huts egin du %s irakurtzen %s direktorioa irakurtzen erregistroa luzeegia da stderr stdout-era berbideratzen fitxategi erregular hutsa Espresio erregularra %s ezabatua
direktorioa kentzen, %s abio-maila semaforoa bereizlea-k ezin du hutsunea izan ezarri LC_ALL='C' arazo hau une batez konpontzeko %s-(r)en baimenak ezartzen %s-(r)en datak ezartzen memoria partekatuaren objektua socket-a errore estandarra sarrera estandarra sarrera estandarra itxita dago irteera estandarra `stat'-ek huts egin du stderr stdin stdout kate konparaketak huts egin du esteka sinbolikoa sintasi errorea sistemaren abioa terminala= %s ordua barrutitik kanpora dago X gutxitxo %s txantiloian errepikatutako lerro gehiegi txantiloi gehiegi guztira uid=%lu operatzaile binario ezezaguna erabiltzile-ID ezezaguna: %s aurrizki ezezaguna: %s piztuta egun %ld %2d:%02d, piztuta %ld egun %2d:%02d, piztuta ???? egun ??:??, erabili --no-preserve-root segurtasun neurri hau ekiditeko %s erabiltzaileak ez du existitzen fitxategi arraroa idazketa errorea idazketa errorea %s-(r)entzat idazketak huts egin du %s idazten %s-ra idazten -c, -t, -u, -l, -r edo kontestua adierazi behar duzu usr/share/locale/sk/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000273062 15100136136 0014027 0 ustar 00 0 h 0 @ @ @ A ~ A
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sH H H H H 5 H 5
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k 7 k 2 Mk k 9 k k k D l El al l S l < l G #m O km ] m W n - qn 2 n + n F n > Eo = o O o = p : Pp 7 p s p 7 7q { oq q J q H Er t r K s P Os : s : s t (t @t Rt at 3 nt 9 .
, J d r o i O I - d p 2 e m v 6 V , G b 0 ^ U / D u I F f n R O V a B / g > a 5 % X p ] R ! Q N r z s t < 8 D q + X s m = T F M < c L h & Y A @ 0 x ; 7 5 ' f v = J ~ _ ' k H K w c \ \ u z r k l t & y p : n | K + 8 A q W j Q - e $ ' 7 4 3 L S ` t / : I C > * 7 ( a ~ f J O E l 6 ` T } 1 2 N 2 h P $ S F ) y { ? 9 D Z o ! # L
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] ~ ( Z
M 4 T 4 " = C - X ^ ; @ W w & k > R C ! w 5 } | g 1 c ^ l y M x B H Q
` " j G P t @ (A %s (unbackup)
%s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid directive %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) , load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox COMMENT Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Chet Ramey Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Dmitry V. Levin EXIT F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type H. Peter Anvin IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle In real life: Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf LINE Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
PID Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Regular expression too big Request canceled Request not canceled Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Valid arguments are: WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot read directory %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set niceness cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting security context specifiers given couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number is zero fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid group invalid group %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple delimiters specified multiple output files specified multiple random sources specified multiple target directories specified neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab sizes must be ascending tab stop value is too large target %s is not a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options to print and set the time may not be used together the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total typed memory object uid=%lu unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unknown binary operator unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s waiting for %s [-d] warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 7.0
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-12-23 14:58+0100
Last-Translator: Ivan Masár
Language-Team: Slovak
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=((n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2);
b vytvoriť blokový špeciálny súbor (s buferom)
c, u vytvoriť znakový špeciálny súbor (bez bufera)
p vytvoriť rúru (FIFO)
# používateľov=%lu
Ako špeciálny prípad, cp tvorí záložné kópie ZDROJa, pokiaľ sú zadané voľby
force a backup a ZDROJ a CIEĽ sú rovnakým menom pre existujúci bežný súbor.
Pozor na to, že veľa operátorov musí byť v shelli citovaných. Porovnania sú
aritmetické, pokiaľ sú oba argumenty číselné, inak sú lexikografické.
Hľadanievzoru vracia vyhovujúci reťazec medzi \( a \) alebo prázdny reťazec; pokiaľ
\( a \) nie sú použité, vracia počet vyhovujúcich znakov alebo 0.
Každý symbol PRÍZN môže byť:
append režim pridávania (zmysluplné iba pre výstup; navrhuje sa conv=notrunc)
každý REŽIM je v tvare „[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+“.
Príklady:
%s /usr/bin/sort Výstup "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Výstup "stdio".
príklady:
%s /usr/bin/sort Vypísať "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Vypísať ".".
Príklady:
%s f - g Výstup obsah f, potom štand. vstup, potom obsah g.
%s Kopírovať štand. vstup na štand. výstup.
Príklady:
%s staff /u Zmeniť skupinu /u na „staff“.
%s -hR staff /u Zmeniť skupinu /u a podsúborov na „staff“.
Ovládanie terminálu pripojeného na štandardný vstup. Bez argumentov
vypíše baudovú rýchlosť, linkovú disciplínu a odchylky od stty sane.
V nastaveniach sa ZNAK špecifikuje tak ako je, alebo kódovaný spôsobom
^c, 0x37, 0177 alebo 127; pre zákaz špeciálneho znaku treba použiť
^- alebo undef.
Ak je zadaný SÚBOR, načítať ho, aby sa zistilo, ktoré farby použiť pre
ktoré typy a prípony súborov. Inak použiť predkompilovanú databázu.
Podrobnosti o formáte týchto súborov spustite „dircolors --print-database“.
SIGNÁL môže byť názov signálu ako „HUP“ alebo číslo signálu ako „1“,
alebo návratový kód procsu ukončeného signálom.
PID je celé číslo; ak je záporné, označuje skupinu procesov.
Poslaním signálu %s bežiacemu procesu „dd“ spôsobíte, že
vypíše štatistiku V/V na štandardný chybový výstup a bude pokračovať v kopírovaní.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 záznamov prečítaných
18335302+0 záznamov zapísaných
9387674624 skopírovaných bajtov (9.4 GB), 34.6279 sekúnd, 271 MB/s
Voľby sú:
Dáta sú zakódované podľa popisu base64 abecedy v RFC 3548.
Pri dekódovaní môže vstup okrem bajtov formálnej base64 abecedy
obsahovať znaky nového riadka. Použitím --ignore-garbage zapnete
pokus o zotavenie v prípade výskytu iných nealfabetických znakov
v kódovanom toku.
Bez SÚBORu alebo keď SÚBOR je - číta zo štand. vstupu.
Bez volieb vypíše trojstĺpcový výstup. Prvý stĺpec obsahuje riadky
jedinečné pre SÚBOR1, druhý stĺpec obsahuje riadky jedinečné pre SÚBOR2,
a tretí stĺpec obsahuje riadky spoločné obom súborom.
??? --help zobrazí tohto pomocníka a skončí
--no-preserve-root nezaobchádzať s „/“ špeciálne (štandardné)
--preserve-root zabrániť rekurzívnemu prechádzaniu od „/“
--no-preserve-root nezaobchádzať s „/“ špeciálne (štandardné)
--preserve-root zabrániť rekurzívnemu prechádzaniu od „/“
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST nezachovávať uvedené atribúty
--parents použiť v ADRESÁRI plný názov zdrojového súboru
--reference=RSÚBOR použiť bezpečnostný kontext RSÚBORU namiesto zadania
hodnoty KONTEXT
-R, --recursive rekurzívne vykonávať na adresároch súboroch
-v, --verbose vypísať diagnostiku každého spracovaného súboru
--version vypíše informácie o verzii a skončí
[-]cstopb používať dva stop bity (jeden s „-“)
[-]hup poslať signál zavesenia, keď posledný proces zatvorí terminál
[-]hupcl ako [-]hup
[-]parenb generovať paritný bit na výstupa a očakávať ho na vstupe
[-]parodd nastaviť nepárnu paritu (aj s „-“)
-B, --block-size=VEĽ použiť bloky s veľkosťou VEĽ
-b, --bytes ekvivalent „--apparent-size --block-size=1“
-c, --total vypísať celkové zhrnutie
-D, --dereference-args dereferencovať iba symbolické odkazy, ktoré sú uvedené
na príkazovom riadku
-L, --dereference dereferencovať všetky symbolické odkazy
-P, --no-dereference nenasledovať žiadne symbolické odkazy (štandardne)
-0, --null ukončiť každý riadok výstupu bajtom 0 namiesto znaku nového riadka
-S, --separate-dirs nevypisovať veľkosti podadresárov
-s, --summarize zobraziť iba zhrnutie pre každý z argumentov
-P, --portability použiť výstup vo formáte POSIX
--sync vyvolať sync pred získaním informácií o využití
-t, --type=TYP obmedziť výpis iba na súborové systémy typu TYP
-T, --print-type vypísať typ súborového systému
-x, --exclude-type=TYP obmedziť výpis iba na súborové systémy, ktoré nie sú typu TYP
-v (ignoruje sa)
-a, --all vypísať čísla pri všetkých súboroch, nie len pri adresároch
--apparent-size napísať veľkosti ako vyzerajú namiesto využitia disku;
hoci sú veľkosti ako vyzerajú zvyčajne menšie, môžu
byť väčšie z dôvodu dier v („sparse“) súboroch, vnútornej
fragmentácii, nepriamym blokom a podobne
-a, --suffix-length=N použiť prípony s dĺžkou N (štandardne %d)
-b, --bytes=VEĽKOSŤ zapíše VEĽKOST bajtov do výstupného súboru
-C, --line-bytes=VEĽKOSŤ zapíše najviac VEĽKOST bytov na výstupný riadok
-d, --numeric-suffixes použiť číselné prípony namiesto abecedných
-l, --lines=POČET zapíše POČET riadkov do výstupného súboru
-b, --before pripojí oddeľovač riadkov pred riadky namiesto
za ne
-r, --regex interpretuje oddeľovač ako regulárny výraz
-s, --separator=REŤAZEC použije REŤAZEC ako oddeľovač namiesto nového riadku
-b, --binary čítať v binárnom režime
-b, --body-numbering=ŠTÝL použiť ŠTÝL na číslovanie riadkov tela
-d, --section-delimiter=CC použiť CC na oddelenie logických stránok
-f, --footer-numbering=ŠTÝL použiť ŠTÝL na číslovanie riadkov pätičky
-c, --crown-margin zachová odsadenie prvých dvoch riadkov
-p, --prefix=REŤAZEC pracuje iba s riadkami začínajúcimi REŤAZCOM,
ktorý pripojí pred riadky so zmeneným formátom
-s, --split-only iba rozdelí dlhé riadky
-f, --silent, --quiet potlačiť väčšinu chybových správ
-v, --verbose vypísať informáciu o každom spracovanom súbore
--reference=RSÚBOR použiť práva RSÚBORu namiesto PRÁV
-R, --recursive vykonať operáciu aj vo vnorených adresároch
-f, --silent, --quiet potlačí väčšinu chybových správ
--reference=RSÚBOR použiť skupiny RSÚBORu namiesto zadania
hodnoty SKUPINA
-R, --recursive rekurzívne vykonávať na adresároch súboroch
-v, --verbose vypísať diagnostiku každého spracovaného súboru
-h, --no-dereference má vplyv na každý symbolický odkaz, nie len na
súbory, na ktoré sa odkazuje (to je užitičné iba na
systémoch, ktoré môžu zmeniť vlastníctvo symbolického
odkazu)
-i, --inodes vypísať informácue o inode-och namiesto využitia blokov
-k ekvivalent --block-size=1K
-l, --local obmedziť výpis iba na lokálne súborové systémy
--no-sync nevyvolávať sync pred získaním informácií o využití (štandardne)
-k ako --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links počítať veľkosť viacnásobne pri pevných odkazoch
-m ako --block-size=1M
-l, --link odkazovať na súbory namiesto kopírovania
-L, --dereference vždy nasledovať symbolické odkazy v ZDROJi
-t rovnaké ako -vT
-T, --show-tabs vypisuje znak TAB ako ^I
-u (ignorované)
-v, --show-nonprinting použije zápis ^ a M-, okrem znakov LF a TAB
-t, --tagged-paragraph odsadí prvý riadok rozdielne od druhého
-u, --uniform-spacing jedna medzera medzi slovami, dve za vetou
-w, --width=ŠÍRKA maximálna šírka riadka (implicitne 75 stĺpcov)
-t, --target-directory=ADR presunúť všetky ZDROJe do ADResára
-T, --no-target-directory považovať CIEĽ za bežný súbor
-u, --update premiestniť iba ak je ZDROJový súbor novší
ako cieľový súbor alebo keď cieľový súbor chýba
-v, --verbose vypisovať informácie o priebehu
-u, --user=POUŽ nastaviť používateľa POUŽ v cieľovom bezpečnostnom kontexte
-r, --role=ROLA nastaviť rolu ROLA v cieľovom bezpečnostnom kontexte
-t, --type=TYP nastaviť typ TYP v cieľovom bezpečnostnom kontexte
-l, --range=ROZSAH nastaviť rozsah ROZSAH v cieľovom bezpečnostnom kontexte
ascii z EBCDIC do ASCII
ebcdic z ASCII do EBCDIC
ibm z ASCII do alternatívneho EBCDIC
block vyplniť záznamy ukončené novým riadkom medzerami na veľkosť cbs
unblock nahradiť medzery na konci záznamov s veľkosťou cbs znakom nového riadka
lcase zmeniť veľké písmená na malé
binary použiť pre dáta binárny V/V
direct použiť pre dáta priamy V/V
dsync použiť pre dáta synchronizovaný V/V
noatime neaktualizovať čas posledného prístupu
nocreat nevytvárať výstupný súbor
excl skončiť neúspešne, ak výstupný súbor už existuje
notrunc neskracovať výstupný súbor
ucase zmeniť malé písmená na veľké
swab vymeniť každú dvojicu bajtov na vstupe
noctty nepriraďovať zo súboru riadiaci terminál
noerror pokračovať aj pri chybách pri čítaní
sync vyplniť každý blok znakom NULL na veľkosť ibs;
keď sa použije s block alebo unblock, vyplniť medzerami namiesto NULL
fdatasync pred ukončením fyzicky zapísať údaje
fsync podobne, ale zapísať aj metadáta
nofollow nenasledovať symbolické odkazy
nolinks skončiť neúspešne pri viacnásobnom odkaze
nonblock použiť neblokoujúci V/V
none, off nikdy nevytvárať záložné kópie (ani ak bolo zadané --backup)
numbered, t tvoriť číslované záložné kópie
existing, nil tvoriť číslované, pokiaľ už číslované záložné kópie
existujú, inak tvoriť jednoduché
simple, never vždy tvoriť jednoduché záložné kópie súborov
sync podobne, ale aj pre metadáta
text použiť pre dáta textový V/V
%4s-bloky Použ Dostupné Pou%% %s-blokov Použ Dostupné Kapacita (záloha: %s) * [-]ocrnl prekladať znaky návratu na začiatok riadka na nové riadky
* [-]ofdel pre vyplnenie použiť znaky vymazania namiesto nulových znakov
* [-]ofill použiť výplňové znaky namiesto oneskorení
* [-]olcuc prekladať malé znaky na veľké
* [-]onlcr prekladať nové riadky na znaky návratu na začiatok riadka
* [-]onlret znak nového riadku prejde na začiatok riadka
Pripojený na
TTY egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu skupiny= dávno v opakovaní %s
%b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu používateľ %lu používatelia %lu používateľov %s %s -> %s (obnovenie zálohy)
%s a %s predstavujú ten istý súbor %s existuje, ale nie je adresárom %s je neznámy typ souboru %s nie je platné kladné celé číslo %s je príliš veľa %s%s argument „%s“ je príliš veľký %s: %s je príliš veľký, preto nie je reprezentovateľný %s: %s: číslo riadka je mimo rozsahu %s: %s: zhoda nenájdená %s: %s:%s: nezotriediteľné: %s: ZLYHALO otvorenie alebo čítanie
%s: Používateľ neexistuje %s: '}' je požadovaná v počítadle opakovaní %s: očakával sa binárny operátor %s: relatívne symbolické odkazy je možné vytvoriť iba v aktuálnom adresári %s: nie je možné zistiť meno pre ID používateľa %lu
%s: nie je možné sledovať koniec tohoto typu súboru; zanechávam tento názov %s: nie je možné prepísať adresár %s: nie je možné presunúť sa na začiatok súboru %s: nie je možné vyhľadať %s: nie je možné presunúť sa na pozíciu %s %s: nie je možné skartovať deskriptor určený iba pre pridávanie %s: chýba koncový oddeľovač „%c“ %s: nie je možné opustiť neblokovací režim %s: zostúpiť do adresára %s? %s: zostúpiť do adresára chráneného voči zápisu %s? %s: koniec súboru %s: operand v triede [=c=] musí byť jediný znak %s: chyba pri skracovaní %s: chyba pri zápise na ofset %s %s: očakávaná numerická hodnota %s: nepodarilo sa zatvoriť %s: nepodarilo sa otvoriť na zápis %s: nepodarilo sa odstrániť %s: fcntl zlyhalo %s: fdatasync zlyhalo %s: súbor má zápornú dĺžku %s: súbor je príliš veľký %s: súbor je príliš dlhý %s: súbor bol skrátený %s: fstat zlyhal %s: fsync zlyhal %s: na adresár nie je povolený pevný odkaz %s: vstup obsahuje cyklus: %s: vstup obsahuje nepárny počet tokenov %s: vstupný súbor je zároveň výstupným %s: po oddeľovači sa očakáva celé číslo %s: chybné PID %s: neplatná direktíva %s: neplatná veľkosť súboru %s: neplatný typ súboru %s: neplatné číslo maximálneho počtu nezmenených výsledkov funkcie stat
medzi otvoreniami %s: chybné číslo %s: chybný počet bajtov %s: chybný počet riadkov %s: neplatný počet prechodov %s: neplatný počet sekúnd %s: chybný vzor %s: neplatný id procesu %s: chybný regulárny výraz: %s %s: neplatný signál %s: neplatná dĺžka prípony %s: číslo riadku musí byť väčšie ako nula %s: číslo riadku je mimo rozsah %s: lseek zlyhal %s: uvedených viacero signálov %s: nové práva sú %s, nie %s %s: nenájdené správne sformátované riadky %s kontrolného súčtu %s: neexistuje informácia o veľkosti tohoto zariadenia %s: nevypisuje sa už vypísaný adresár %s: počet bajtov je príliš veľký %s: prepísať %s? %s: prechod %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: prechod %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: prechod %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: chyba pri čítaní %s: zmazať %s %s? %s: odstrániť všetky argumenty? %s: zmazať súbor chránený proti zápisu %s %s? %s: zmazaný %s: maže sa %s: premenovaný na %s %s: prepísať %s? %s: zlyhalo posunutie v súbore %s: nebolo možné určiť maximálnu dĺžku názvu súboru %s: nie je možné vykonať všetky požadované operácie %s: očakával sa unárny operátor %s: hodnota nebola úplne prevedená %s: chyba pri zápise %s:%lu: neznáme kľúčové slovo %s %s}: medzi `{' a `}' musí byť celé číslo ' očakávaný znak „)” očakávaný znak „)”, nájdený %s © , priemerná záťaž: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference vyžaduje buď -H alebo -L -R -h vyžaduje -P -ef neakceptuje -l -nt neakceptuje -l -ot neakceptuje -l ???
Rodina adries názvu stroja nie je podporovaná Všetky požiadavky vykonané Buffer pre argumenty je príliš malý Arnold Robbins Zlá hodnota ai_flags Brian Fox KOMENTÁR Zmeniť efektívne id používateľa a skupiny na id POUŽÍVATEĽA.
-, -l, --login urobiť tento shell prihlasovacím
-c, --command=PRÍKAZ odovzdať shellu jediný PRÍKAZ pomocou -c
-f, --fast odovzdať shellu -f (pre csh alebo tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment zachovať premenné prostredia
-p rovnaké ako -m
-s, --shell=SHELL spustiť SHELL, pokiaľ to /etc/shells povoľuje
Zmeniť skupinu každého SÚBORu na SKUPINA.
S parametrom --reference sa zmení skupina každého SÚBORU
na rovnakú ako skupin RSÚBORu.
-c, --changes ako výrečný ale oznamovať iba keď sa vykoná zmena
--dereference ovplyvňuje referenta každého symbolického odkazu
(toto je štandardné správanie) namiesto samotného
symbolického odkazu
Zmeniť režim každého SÚBORu na REŽIM.
-c, --changes rovnaké ako verbose, ale oznamovať len vykonanie zmeny
Chet Ramey Colin Plumb Porovnať po riadkoch zotriedené súbory SÚBOR1 a SÚBOR2.
Spája SÚBOR(Y) alebo štandardný vstup na štandardný výstup.
-A, --show-all rovnaké ako -vET
-b, --number-nonblank čísluje neprázdne výstupné riadky
-e rovnaké ako -vE
-E, --show-ends vypíše $ na konci každého riadku
-n, --number čísluje všetky výstupné riadky
-s, --squeeze-blank prázdne riadky idúce po sebe redukuje na jediný
V každom SÚBORe prevedie medzery na tabulátory a výsledok vypisuje
na štandardný výstup. Ak nebude SÚBOR zadaný alebo bude -, načíta sa
štandardný vstup.
Skopírovať ZDROJ na CIEĽ alebo viacero CIEĽOV do ADRESÁRa.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Adresár: Dmitry V. Levin UKONČ F. Pinard CHYBNÝ FIXME: neznámy FIFO nemajú hlavné a vedľajšie čísla zariadenia. Súborový systém Súborový systém Typ H. Peter Anvin NEČINNÝ Ian Lance Taylor Nečin V reáli: nekonečno B Prerušené signálom Neplatná spätná referencia Neplatný názov triedy znaku Neplatný znak kolacionovania Neplatný obsah \{\} Neplatný predchádzajúci regulárny výraz Neplatné ukončenie rozsahu Neplatný regulárny výraz James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf TERM Login Prihlasovacie meno: Povinné argumenty dlhých tvarov volieb sú taktiež povinné pre krátke tvary volieb.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Chyba alokácie pamäte Pamäť bola vyčerpaná Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NÁZOV Meno Názov alebo služba nie je známa S názvom stroja nie je asociovaná žiadna adresa Bez zhody Žiaden predošlý regulárny výraz Nenapraviteľná chyba v rozlíšení názvu V PORIADKU Iba jeden reťazec môže byť zadaný pri mazaní bez komprimovania
opakujúcich sa znakov. Vypísať, kto je momentálne prihlásený podľa SÚBORU.
Pokiaľ nie je zadaný SÚBOR, použiť %s. %s ako SÚBOR je obvyklý.
PID Reťazec parametrov nebol korektne zakódovaný Heslo: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plán:
Predčasný koniec regulárneho výrazu Vypísať kontrolný súčet CRC a počet bajtov každého SÚBORu.
Vypísať NÁZOV bez adresárov vedúcich k nemu.
Odstrániť aj PRÍPONU, pokiaľ bola zadaná.
Vypísať niektoré systémové informácie. Žiadna VOĽBA zodpovedá -s.
-a, --all vypísať všetky informácie v nasledovnom poradí,
iba vynechať -p a -i ak sú neznáme:
-s, --kernel-name vypísať názov jadra operačného systému
-n, --nodename vypísať názov počítača v sieti
-r, --release vypísať verziu jadra operačného systému
Nastaviť alebo zmeniť charakteristiku terminálu.
-a, --all vypísať všetky aktuálne nastavenia vo formáte
čitateľnom pre človeka
-g, --save vypísať všetky aktuálne nastavenia vo formáte
čitateľnom pre stty
-F, --file=ZARIADENIE otvoriť a používať zadané zariadenie namiesto
štandardného vstupu
Vypísať názov súboru terminálu spojeného so štandardným vstupom.
-s, --silent, --quiet nevypisovať nič, iba vrátiť výstupný stav
Vypíše prvých 10 riadkov každého SÚBORu na štandardný výstup. S viac ako
jedným SÚBORom, bude pred vypísaním každého uvedená hlavička obsahujúca názov
súboru. Ak SÚBOR nebude zadaný alebo bude -, načíta sa štandardný vstup.
Vypíše prvých %d riadkov každého súboru na štandardný výstup. S viac ako
jedným súborom, bude pred vypísaním každého uvedená hlavička obsahujúca meno
súboru. Ak SÚBOR nebude zadaný alebo bude -, načíta sa štandardný vstup.
Vypísať meno používateľa spojené s aktuálnym efektívnym id používateľa.
Rovnaké ako id -un.
Prebieha spracovanie požiadavky Projekt: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Tegulárny výraz je príliš veľký Požiadavka zrušená Požiadavka nebola zrušená Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Poslať signály procesom alebo vypísať signály.
ai_socktype nepodporuje servname Nastavením LC_ALL='C' obídete tento problém. Shell: Zobraziť informácie o súborovom systéme, na ktorom sa nachádza SÚBOR
alebo štandardne o všetkých súborových systémoch.
Simon Josefsson Pri vytváraní špeciálneho blokového súboru musí byť zadané
hlavné a vedľajšie číslo zariadenia. Stuart Kemp Úspešné Vypísať zhrnutie využitia disku každým SÚBORom, rekurzívne prechádzať adresáre.
Systémová chyba ČAS Dočasná chyba v rozlíšení názvu Nasledovné voľby menia spôsob prechádzania hierarchie, keď je
uvedená voľba -R. Ak je uvedená viac ako jedna, účinná je iba
posledná uvedená.
-H ak je argument príkazového riadka symbolický odkaz
na adresár, prechádzať ním
-L prechádzať každý symbolický odkaz v adresári
-P neprechádzať žiadne symbolické odkazy (štandardne)
Porovnávané reťazce boli %s a %s. Torbjorn Granlund Lomka na konci Viac informácií získate príkazom `%s --help'.
Pri preklade musia byť zadané dva reťazce Ulrich Drepper Neznáma chyba Neznáma systémová chyba ( alebo \( bez náprotivku ) alebo \) bez náprotivku [ alebo [^ bez náprotivku \{ bez náprotivku Použitie: %s PRÍKAZ [ARG]...
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Použitie: %s VÝRAZ...
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Použitie: %s SÚBOR
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Použitie: %s SÚBOR1 SÚBOR2
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Použitie: %s FORMÁT [ARGUMENT]...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]...
Použitie: %s [-s SIGNÁL | -SIGNÁL] PID...
alebo: %s -l [SIGNÁL]...
alebo: %s -t [SIGNÁL]...
Použitie: %s [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [ČÍSLO]...
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Použitie: %s [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [VOĹBA] [PRÍKAZ [ARG]...]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA] [SÚBOR]
Výstupom je úplne zotriedený zoznam v súlade s čiastočným zotriedením SÚBORU.
Pokiaľ nie je SÚBOR zadaný, načíta sa štandardný vstup.
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... KOTEXT SÚBOR
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... [-u POUŽ] [-r ROLA] [-l ROZSAH] [-t TYP] SÚBOR...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... --reference=RSÚBOR SÚBOR...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA... ADRESÁR...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... SÚBOR VZOROV...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]...
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... SÚBOR1 SÚBOR2
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... --reference=RSÚBOR SÚBOR...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... POSLEDNÝ
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... PRVÝ POSLEDNÝ
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... PRVÝ KROK POSLEDNÝ
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... REŽIM[,REŽIM]... SÚBOR...
or: %s [VOĽBA]... OSMIČ-REŽIM SÚBOR...
or: %s [VOĽBA]... --reference=RSÚBOR SÚBOR...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... NÁZOV TYP [HLAVNÉ VEDĽAJŠIE]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... NÁZOV...
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... MNOŽINA1 [MNOŽINA2]
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [ SÚBOR | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [+FORMÁT]
alebo: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [-T] CIEĽ NÁZOV_ODKAZU (1. tvar)
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... CIEĽ (2. tvar)
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... ZDROJ... ADRESÁR (3. tvar)
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]... -t ADRESÁR CIEĽ... (4. tvar)
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [-] [NÁZOV=HODNOTA]... [PRÍKAZ [ARG]...]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [-] [POUŽÍVATEĽ [ARG]...]
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [SÚBOR]...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]
alebo: %s -e [VOĽBA]... [ARG]...
alebo: %s -i LO-HI [VOĽBA]...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA] [SÚBOR]
Base64 zakódovanie alebo dekódovanie SÚBORu alebo štand. vstupu na štand. výstup.
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [SÚBOR]...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [SÚBOR] [[+]POSUN[.][b]]
alebo: %s --traditional [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR] [[+]POSUN[.][b] [+][NÁVESTIE][.][b]]
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [SÚBOR]...
or: %s [VOĽBA]... --files0-from=F
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [VSTUP [VÝSTUP]]
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [VSTUP]... (bez -G)
alebo: %s -G [PREPÍNAČ]... [VSTUP [VÝSTUP]]
Usage: %s [VOĽBA]... [VLASTNÍK][:[SKUPINA]] SÚBOR...
or: %s [VOĽBA]... --reference=RSÚBOR SÚBOR...
Použitie: %s [VOĽBA]... [ŠABLÓNA]...
Použitie: %s [PREPÍNAČ]... [SÚBOR]...
Použitie: %s [SÚBOR]...
alebo: %s [VOĽBA]
Použitie: %s [ignorované parametre príkazového riadka]...
alebo: %s VOĽBA
Platné argumenty sú: UPOZORNENIE: Zacyklená štruktúra adresárov.
To skoro určite znamená, že máte poškodený súborový systém.
INFORMUJTE SVOJHO SPRÁVCU SYSTÉMU.
Nasledujúce adresáre sú súčasťou cyklu:
%s
Upozornenie: Kedy Kde Napísal %s a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s a ďalší.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s,
%s a %s.
Napísal %s, %s, %s
a %s.
Napísal %s, %s a %s.
Napísal %s.
výraz [=c=] sa nemôže vyskytovať v string1 pri nahradzovaní ^[nN] ^[yYaAáÁ] ` „-%c“ nadbytočné znaky alebo neplatné číslo v argumente: %s `--pages=PRVÁ_STRÁNKA[:POSLEDNÁ_STRÁNKA]' chýbajúci parameter „-N ČÍSLO“ chybné číslo počiatočného riadka: %s „-W ŠÍRKA_STRÁNKY“ neplatný počet znakov: %s „-l DĹŽKA_STRÁNKY“ neplatný počet riadkov: %s „-o OKRAJ“ chybný posun riadka: %s „-w ŠÍRKA_STRÁNKY“ neplatný počet znakov: %s s úpravou musí byť zadaný príkaz pristupujem k %s ai_family nie je podporovaná ai_socktype nie je podporovaný nejednoznačný argument %s pre %s vytvorenie záložnej kópie %s by zničilo zdroj; %s nebol skopírovaný vytvorenie záložnej kópie %s by zničilo zdroj; %s nebol presunutý typ zálohy blokový špeciálny súbor špeciálne blokové súbory nie sú podporované obidva súbory nemôžu byť štandardným vstupom nie je možné použiť čiastočný kontext na súbor bez označenia %s nie je možné pristupovať k %s nie je možné zálohovať %s nie je možné súčasne sumarizovať a vypisovať všetky položky nie je možné zmeniť práva %s nie je možné zmeniť koreňový adresár na %s nie je možné vojsť do adresára %s nie je možné vojsť do koreňového adresára nie je možné kombinovať voľby -e a -i nie je možné skombinovať dve z {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} nie je možné skombinovať block a unblock nie je možné skombinovať excl a nocreat nie je možné skombinovať lcase a ucase nie je možné kombinovať voľby režimu a --reference nie je možné kombinovať signál s voľbou -l alebo -t nie je možné porovnať názvy súborov %s a %s nie je možné konvertovať U+%04X do lokálnej znakovej sady nie je možné konvertovať U+%04X do lokálnej znakovej sady: %s nie je možné skopírovať zacyklený symbolický odkaz %s nie je možné vytvoriť adresár %s nie je možné vytvoriť odkaz z %s na %s nie je možné vytvoriť obyčajný súbor %s nie je možné dereferencovať %s nie je možné určiť zariadenie a inode pre %s nie je možné zistiť názov systému nie je možné vykonať ioctl na %s nie je možné vykonať fstat %s nie je možné zmeniť aktuálny adresár nie je možné zistiť nice nie je možné zistiť systémový názov nie je možné vykonať lseek %s nie je možné zároveň vytvoriť pevný a symbolický odkaz nie je možné vytvoriť adresár %s nie je možné presunúť adresár %s na súbor %s (ktorý nie je adresár) nie je možné otvoriť %s pre čítanie nie je možné otvoriť %s na čítanie nie je možné otvoriť adresár %s nie je možné pracovať s visiacim symbolickým odkazom %s nie je možné prepísať adresár %s súborom (ktorý nie je adresár) nie je možné prepísať súbor %s (ktorý nie je adresár) adresárom %s nie je možné vykonať formátovaný výstup v implicitnom formáte nie je možné vypísať iba mená alebo reálne ID nie je možné načítať adresár %s nie je možné načítať systémové informácie %s nie je možné prečítať hodiny reálneho času nie je možné odstrániť %s nie je možné zmeniť pozíciu ukazovateľa v súbore %s nie je možné nastaviť dátum nie je možné nastaviť ID skupiny nie je možné nastaviť ID-skupiny na %lu nie je možné nastaviť skupiny nie je možné nastaviť názov; tento systém to neumožňuje nie je možné nastaviť nice nie je možné nastaviť ID používateľa nie je možné nastaviť ID-používateľa na %lu nemožno preskočiť koniec kombinovaného vstupu nie je možné uviesť počet z viac ako jedného zdroja súbor sa nedá rozdeliť viacerými spôsobmi nie je možné stat() %s nie je možné stat() aktuálny adresár (%s) nie je možné vykonať touch %s nie je možné odpojiť (unlink) %s nakoniec nie je možné obísť chybu jadra skupina %s zmenená na %s
vlastníka %s zmenený na %s
mená sa skupina %s mením vlastníctvo %s menia sa práva %s zmena bezpečnostného kontextu %s
pozícia znaku je nula znak je mimo rozsahu znakový špeciálny súbor špeciálne znakové súbory nie sú podporované čistia sa oprávnenia %s zmena času zlyhalo zatvorenie súboru zatvára sa %s zatvára sa %s (fd=%d) zatvíra sa adresár %s zatváram výstupný súbor %s zatvára sa štandardný vstup boli zadané konflitné špecifikátory kontextu nie je možné vytvoriť proces pre %s -d nebolo možné vytvoriť dočasný súbor nebolo možné spustiť %s nebolo možné vykonať %s -d nie je možné zistiť čas zavedenia systému bol vytvorený adresár %s vytvára sa adresár %s vytvára sa súbor %s
vytvára sa pevný odkaz %s vytvára sa pevný odkaz %s na %s vytvára sa pevný odkaz na %.0s%s vytvára sa symbolický odkaz %s vytvára sa symbolický odkaz %s na %s adresár delenie nulou dup2 zlyhalo prázdny názov súboru prázdna záložka chyba pri zatváraní súboru chyba pri vyhľadávaní pomocou regulárneho výrazu chyba pri vyhľadávaní pomocou regulárneho výrazu chyba pri čítaní %s chyba pri zápise %s ukonč= argument %s je naviac nadbytočný operand %s nadbytočný operand %s
nepodarilo sa zmeniť bezpečnostný kontext %s na %s zmena skupiny %s na %s zlyhala
zmena práv súboru %s na %04lo (%s) zlyhala
nepodarilo sa zmeniť práva %s
nepodarilo sa zmeniť práva %s na %s
nepodarilo sa vypočítať nový kontext nie je možné vytvoriť adresár prostredníctvom šablóny %s nepodarilo sa vytvoriť súbor prostredníctvom šablóny %s nie je možné vytvoriť bezpečnostný kontext: %s nepodarilo sa zistiť atribúty %s nepodarilo sa zistiť aktuálny kontext nepodarilo sa získať kontext vytvorenia súborového systému nepodarilo sa získať bezpečnostný kontext %s nepodarilo sa vyhľadať súbor %s nepodarilo sa otvoriť %s nepodarilo sa zachovať autorstvo %s nepodarilo sa zachovať vlastníctvo %s nie je možné zachovať práva %s nie je možné zachovať časy %s nepodarilo sa odstrániť %s nepodarilo sa odstrániť adresár %s nepodarilo sa obnoviť štandardný kontext vytvorenia súborového systému nepodarilo sa vrátiť prvotný pracovný adreár nepodarilo sa nastaviť %s zložku bezpečnostného kontextu na %s nepodarilo sa nastaviť nový rozsah %s nepodarilo sa nastaviť novú rolu %s nepodarilo sa nastaviť nový typ %s nepodarilo sa nastaviť nového používateľa %s nie je možné nastaviť ďalšie skupiny nie je možné nastaviť bezpečnostný kontext %s na %s zlyhalo stat() %s fdatasync zlyhalo na %s fflush zlyhalo číslo položky je nula fifo súborový systém %s je zároveň vybratý a vylúčený keď sa tlačia reťazce s rovnakou šírkou, formátovací reťazec nemusí byť zadaný fsync zlyhalo na %s fts_read zlyhalo getpass: nie je možné otvoriť /dev/tty zisťujem nové atribúty %s skupina súboru %s zostala %s
funkcia iconv nie je dostupná funkcia iconv nie je použiteľná id= ignorujú sa všetky argumenty ignoruje sa vstup ignorujem chybný rozostup tabulátorov v premennej prostredia TABSIZE: %s ignoruje sa neplatná hodnota premennej prostredia QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignorujem chybnú šírku v premennej prostredia COLUMNS: %s ignurujú sa argumenty, ktoré nie sú voľbami nekompatibilné tabulátory nesprávne heslo vstup sa stratil vstupný riadok je príliš dlhý presunutie medzi zariadeniami zlyhalo: %s na %s; nepodarilo sa odstrániť cieľ neplatný %s%s argument „%s“ neplatné nastavenie %s neplatný argument %s pre %s neplatný štýl číslovania tela: %s chybný zoznam bajtov alebo položiek neplatný znak „%c“ v reťazci typu „%s“ chybná trieda znaku %s neplatný kontexxt: %s chybne zadaný typ konverzie v parametri prepínača: %c chybne zadaný typ konverzie v parametri prepínača: \%.3o neplatný dátum %s chybný formát dátumu %s neplatné zariadenie %s %s neplatný typ zariadenia %s neplatný argument s plávajúcou desatinnou čiarkou: %s neplatný štýl číslovania pätičky: %s neplatná presnosť vo formáte neplatná šírka vo formáte neplatná skupina neplatná skupina %s neplatná skupina: %s neplatný štýl číslovania hlavičky: %s neplatný vstup neplatný rozash vstupu %s neplatné celé číslo %s neplatný celočíselný argument %s naplatný počet riadkov %s neplatná šírka poľa čísla riadku: %s neplatná hodnota prírastku čísla riadka: %s neplatný formát číslovania riadkov: %s neplatná šírka riadka: %s neplatné hlavné číslo zariadenia %s neplatné vedľajšie číslo zariadenia %s neplatný režim neplatný režim: %s neplatné číslo %s chybné číslo za `,' chybné číslo za `-' chybné číslo za `.' chybné číslo na začiatku položky neplatný počet prázdnych riadkov: %s chybný počet bajtov chybný počet znakov na porovnanie chybný počet znakov na preskočenie neplatný počet stĺpcov: %s chybný počet polí na preskočenie chybný počet riadkov chybný počet riadkov: 0 neplatná voľba -- %c chybný základ výstupnej adresy `%c'; musí to byť jeden zo znakov [doxn] chybný počet opakovaní „%s” v konštrukcii [c*n] neplatná špec. neplatné počiatočné číslo riadka: %s naplatná prípona v argumente %s%s „%s“ neplatná veľkosť tabulátora: %s neplatný formát času: %s chybná posledná voľba -- %c neplatný reťazec typu %s neplatný reťazec typu %s;
tento systém neposkytuje %lu-bajtové čísla s plávajúcou desatinnou
čiarkou neplatný reťazec typu %s;
tento systém neposkytuje %lu-bajtové celé čísla neplatný používateľ neplatný používateľ %s neplatná šírka: %s neplatná veľkosť zalamovania: %s je nebezpečné rekurzívne operovať nad %s je nebezpečné rekurzívne operovať nad %s (zhodné s %s) posledný= obmedzenie dĺžky %lu prekročené o %lu v názve súboru %s obmedzenie dĺžky %lu prekročené o %lu v zložke názvu súboru %s voľba počtu riadkov -%s%c... je príliš veľká číslo riadka %s je menšie ako číslo predchádzajúceho riadka, %s pretečenie počtu riadkov vyčerpaná pamäť front správ nezarovnané(á) konštrukcie(a) [:upper:] a/alebo [:lower:] v parametri prepínača chýba zadanie typu konverzie pomocou %% chýba „]” chýba názov triedy znaku „[::]” v parametri prepínača chýba určenie typu konverzie chýba operand cieľového súboru po %s chýba operand súboru v sekvencii chýba hexadecimálne číslo chýba zoznam položiek chýba zoznam pozícií chýba operand chýba operand po %s práva súboru %s boli zmenené na %04lo (%s)
práva súboru %s zostali %04lo (%s)
uvedených viacero volieb -i bolo zadaných viacero volieb -l alebo -t uvedených viacero oddeľovačov uvedených viacero výstupných súborov boli uvedené viaceré náhodné zdroje boli uvedené viaceré cieľové adresáre symbolický odkaz %s ani odkazovaný súbor neboli zmenené
nie je nastavená premenná prostredia SHELL a typ shellu nie je zadaný vlastníctvo %s zostalo nezmenené
nebol zadaný príkaz neboli spracované žiadne súborové systémy už nezostávajú žiadne súbory žiadne prihlasovacie meno nebol zadaný ID procesu pri vypisovaní reťazcov nemožno zadať typ neboli zadané používateľské mená; pri použití prepínača -l je potrebné zadať aspoň jedno neprenosný znak %s v názve súboru %s nie je terminál nezapisuje sa prostredníctvom visiaceho symbolického odkazu %s počet bajtov počet riadkov pretečenie pozície pri čítaní súboru %s vynecháva sa adresár %s konštrukcia opakovania [c*] sa môže vyskytovať v string1 iba raz môže byť zadané iba jedno zariadenie môže byť zadaný iba jeden typ zoznamu zlyhalo otvorenie otváram %s vlastník %s zostal zachovaný
vlastník %s zostal %s
šírka stránky je príliš malá zachovávajú sa práva %s zachovávam časy %s výpis všetkých opakujúcich sa riadkov a počítadla opakovania nemá zmysel konce rozsahu `%s-%s' sú v obrátenom poradí chyba pri čítaní zlyhalo čítanie číta sa %s číta sa adresár %s záznam je príliš dlhý obyčajný prázdny súbor obyčajný súbor odstránené %s
odstránený adresár: %s
odstraňuje sa adresár, %s úroveň-behu semafor oddeľovač nemôže byť prázdny nastavením LC_ALL='C' obídete tento problém nastavujem príznaky %s nastavujú sa práva %s nastavujem časy %s zdieľaný pamäťový objekt preskakuje sa súbor %s, keďže bol nahradený počas kopírovania socket štandardná chyba štandardný vstup štandardný vstup je uzavrený štandardný výstup zlyhal stat neočakávaný znak v špecifikácii položky porovnanie reťazcov zlyhalo transformácia reťazca sa nepodarila potlačenie riadkov neobsahujúcich oddeľovač, má význam iba
pri použití pracuje s poľami symbolický odkaz syntaktická chyba veľkosť tabulátoru nemôže byť 0 postupnosť pozíc tabulátorov musí byť rastúca hodnota tabulátora je príliš veľká cieľ %s nie je adresárom term= test a/alebo [ prepínače --binary a --text sú bezvýznamné pri overovaní kontrolných súčtov prepínač --status má význam iba pri overovaní kontrolných súčtov prepínač --warn má význam iba pri overovaní kontrolných súčtov výraz [c*] môže byť v string2 iba pri nahradzovaní konštrukcia opakovania [c*] sa nemôže vyskytovať v string1 oddeľovač musí byť jediný znak voľby pre výpis a nastavenie času nemôžu byť použité spoločne netransformovaný reťazec bol %s čas %s je mino rozsahu príliš mnoho typov konverzie %% v parametri prepínača príliš veľa znakov v množine príliš veľa zopakovaných riadkov príliš veľa šablón celkom typový pamäťový objekt uid=%lu nie je možné zaznamenať aktuálny pracovný adresár nie je možné nastaviť bezpečnostný kontext %s neznámy binárny operátor nezrozumiteľná hodnota v premennej prostredia LS_COLORS neznámy operand %s neznáma predpona: %s použite --no-preserve-root na vypnutie tejto bezpečnostnej poistky používateľ %s neexistuje použitý obmedzený shell %s 4ak8 sa na %s [-d] upozornenie: %s: znak (znaky) nasledujúce za znakovou konštantou boli ignorované upozornenie: --pid=PID nie je na tomto systéme podporované upozornenie: --retry je užitočné najmä pri sledovaní podľa názvu upozornenie: PID bol ignorovaný; --pid=PID je užitočné iba pri nasledovaní upozornenie: „touch %s“ je zastaralé; použite „touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d“ upozornenie: spätná lomka na konci reťazca bez únikovej klauzuly nie je portabilná upozornenie: spätná lomka na konci reťazca upozornenie: nie je možné zmeniť adresár na %s upozornenie: nie je možné odstrániť: %s upozornenie: nadbytočné argumenty boli ignorované, začína sa s %s upozornenie: chybný ofset v súbore po neúspešnom čítaní upozornenie: chybná šírka %lu; namiesto nej sa použije %d upozornenie: číslo riadka %s je rovnaké ako číslo predcházajúceho riadka upozornenie: zdrojový súbor %s uvedený viac ako jedenkrát upozornenie: sumarizácia je v konflikte s --max-depth=%lu upozornenie: sumarizácia je to isté ako --max-depth=0 upozornenie: nejednoznačný osmičkový zápis \%c%c%c bude
interpretovaný ako 2-bajtová postupnosť \0%c%c, %c upozornenie: nerozpoznaná úniková klauzula „\%c“ upozornenie: obchádza sa chyba jadra vo funkcii lseek v súbore (%s)
mt_type=0x%0lx -- pozri zoznam typov v čudný súbor pokiaľ MNOŽINA1 nie je skracovaná, potom MNOŽINA2 nesmie byť prázdna úri špecifikácii výstupného štýlu nemusia byť režimy nastavené pri nahradzovaní s triedou doplnku množiny znakov
string2 musí mapovať všetky znaky z tejto oblasti do jedného pri nahradzovaní môžu byť v string2 iba triedy znakov
`upper' a `lower' nie je možné skopírovať súbor %s práve vytvoreným symbolickým odkazom %s nie je možné prepísať práve vytvorený %s súborom %s pri použití voľby --parents cieľ musí byť adresárom chyba pri zápise chyba pri zápise do %s chyba pri zápise zapisuje sa %s zápis do %s musíte zadat zoznam bajtov, znakov alebo položiek PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
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ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
-t is implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read
standard input.
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If MODE is `0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
If MODE is `L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered.
This option is invalid with standard input.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
If the command times out, then exit with status 124. Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND. If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout. The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal. For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams (`tee' does
for e.g.) then that will override corresponding settings changed by `stdbuf'.
Also some filters (like `dd' and `cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O,
and are thus unaffected by `stdbuf' settings.
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note that the -r and -s options are mutually exclusive.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.
You may want to sort the input first, or use `sort -u' without `uniq'.
Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.
BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each
output line.
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1',
or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.
PID is an integer; if negative it identifies a process group.
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters:
`+' extend by, `-' reduce by, `<' at most, `>' at least,
`/' round down to multiple of, `%' round up to multiple of.
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The following three options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--quiet don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status don't output anything, status code shows success
-w, --warn warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination
locations you choose. If you want to download and install a ready-to-use
package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to
the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.
In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.
-t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of
SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to
expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may
only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not
translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after
translation or deletion.
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line
-w, --words print the word counts
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--pid=PID with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent never output headers giving file names
--retry keep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by
name, i.e., with --follow=name
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--suffix=SUFF append SUFF to TEMPLATE. SUFF must not contain slash.
This option is implied if TEMPLATE does not end in X.
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
--all print the number of installed processors
--ignore=N if possible, exclude N processing units
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% -evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, all special
characters to their default values
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g, 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'. More info below
-d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
separate columns by STRING,
without -S: Default separator with -J and
otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options
-t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --bytes=K output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K
to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K bytes of each file
-n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K lines of each file
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-e, --echo treat each ARG as an input line
-i, --input-range=LO-HI treat each number LO through HI as an input line
-n, --head-count=COUNT output at most COUNT lines
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (redundant if
the -n option is used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages
-s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical make hard links to symbolic link references
-n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a
directory as if it were a normal file
-P, --physical make hard links directly to symbolic links
-s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2
(default end of line)
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63)
-m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --lines=K output the last K lines, instead of the last %d;
or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default %d) iterations
to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
(this is the usual case of rotated log files)
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p DIR use DIR as a prefix; implies -t [deprecated]
-t interpret TEMPLATE as a single file name component,
relative to a directory: $TMPDIR, if set; else the
directory specified via -p; else /tmp [deprecated]
-p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is
similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this FILE's size
-s, --size=SIZE use this SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --sleep-interval=N with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
(default 1.0) between iterations
-v, --verbose always output headers giving file names
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w
-s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number on each logical page
-w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with a remote file. giving up on this name %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid number to ignore %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create a temporary file or directory, safely, and print its name.
TEMPLATE must contain at least 3 consecutive `X's in last component.
If TEMPLATE is not specified, use tmp.XXXXXXXXXX, and --tmpdir is implied.
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EMT trap EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),
writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.
Floating point exception For complete documentation, run: info coreutils '%s invocation'
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Information request Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Option --string without a number implies 3; option --width without a number
implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t oS -w16.
Ordering options:
Other options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE.
-r use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME,
or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.
The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.
Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Report %s translation bugs to
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment
Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost.
If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole)
reads as zero bytes.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1
-d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character
that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence
of that character
-t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h
is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to
change the times of the file associated with standard output.
Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when the source is a symbolic link, defaulting to %s.
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead WARNING: --preserve_context is deprecated; use --preserve-context instead WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --context (-Z); this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both SI and IEC prefixes present on units both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot remove directory: %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error initializing month strings error monitoring inotify event error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple delimiters specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --context (-Z) option is obsolete and will be removed
in a future release the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the argument %s lacks a leading `+';
when using an option to specify date(s), any non-option
argument must be a format string beginning with `+' the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown binary operator unknown status from command (0x%X) unknown stream unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using arbitrary-precision arithmetic using restricted shell %s using single-precision arithmetic waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the --%s option is obsolete; use --reference warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify one of %s or %s Project-Id-Version: coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-16 08:45+0700
Last-Translator: Arif E. Nugroho
Language-Team: Indonesian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);
( EKSPRESI ) EKSPRESI adalah benar
! EKSPRESI EKSPRESI adalah salah
EKSPRESI1 -a EKSPRESI2 kedua EKSPRESI1 dan EKSPRESI2 adalah benar
EKSPRESI1 -o EKSPRESI2 EKSPRESI1 atau EKSPRESI2 adalah benar
--check-order periksa bahwa masukan adalah secara benar diurutkan, meskipun
jika seluruh masukan baris dapat dipasangkan
--nocheck-order jangan periksa masukan adalah diurutkan secara benar
-1 tekan kolom 1 (baris unik ke BERKAS1)
-2 tekan kolom 2 (baris unik ke BERKAS2)
-3 tekan kolom 3 (baris yang timbul di kedua berkas)
-a, --all sama seperti -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot waktu terakhir sistem nyala
-d, --dead menampilkan proses mati
-H, --heading menampilkan baris dari heading kolom
-b BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah blok spesial
-c BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah karakter spesial
-d BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah sebuah direktori
-e BERKAS BERKAS ada
-l menghasilkan format keluaran panjang untuk PENGGUNA yang dispesifikasikan
-b mengabaikan direktori rumah pengguna dan shell dalam format panjang
-h mengabaikan berkas projek pengguna dalam format panjang
-p mengabaikan berkas rencana pengguna dalam format panjang
-s jangan memendekan format keluaran, ini adalah default
-n STRING panjang dari STRING adalah tidak nol
STRING sama dengan -n STRING
-z STRING panjang dari STRING adalah nol
STRING1 = STRING2 string adalah sama
STRING1 != STRING2 string tidak sama
ARG1 * ARG2 perkalian aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 pembagian aritmetik dari ARG1 dibagi oleh ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder dari ARG1 dibagi oleh ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 penjumlahan aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 perbedaan aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 lebih kecil dari ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 lebih kecil atau sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 tidak sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 lebih besar atau sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 lebih besar dari ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 BERKAS1 dan BERKAS2 keduanya memiliki perangkat dan nomor inode yang sama
FILE1 -nt FILE2 BERKAS1 adalah lebih baru (tanggal modifikasinya) dari BERKAS2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 BERKAS1 adalah lebih lama dari BERKAS2
INTEGER salin sampai tetapi tidak melibatkan nomor baris yang dispesifikasikan
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] salin sampai tetapi tidak melibatkan baris yang cocok
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] melewatkan, tetapi tidak melibatkan baris yang cocok
{INTEGER} mengulang pola sebelumnya yang dispesifikasikan oleh jumlah dari waktu
{*} mengulang pola sebelumnya sebanyak mungkin
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih besar atau sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih besar dari INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih kecil atau sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih kecil dari INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 tidak sama dengan INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern cocok dari REGEXP dalam STRING
match STRING REGEXP sama seperti STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring dari STRING, POS dihitung dari 1
index STRING CHARS index dalam STRING dimana CHARS apapun ditemukan, atau 0
length STRING panjang dari STRING
a nomori seluruh baris
t nomori hanya baris yang tidak kosong
n nomori bukan baris
pBRE nomor hanya baris yang berisi cocok untuk ekspresi sederhana regular, BRE
FORMAT adalah salah satu dari:
ln dirapatkan ke kiri, tidak diawali nol
rn dirapatkan ke kanan, tidak diawali nol
rz dirapatkan ke kanan, diawali nol
b buat sebuah berkas spesial blok (buffered)
c, u buat sebuah berkas spesial karakter (unbuffered)
p membuat sebuah FIFO
# pengguna=%lu
-t mengindikasikan jika PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika
BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Sebuah bagian yang berjalan dari spasi (biasanya spasi dan/atau TAB), ketika bukan-kosong
karakter. Fields dilewati sebelum karakter.
Sebuah aplikasi ringan `finger'; menampilkan informasi pengguna.
Berkas utmp akan berada %s.
Hanya - mengindikasikan -i. Jika tidak ada PERINTAH, menampilkan environment yang dihasilkan.
Sebuah - mengindikasikan -l. Jika PENGGUNA tidak diberikan, asumsikan root.
Setelah flag apapun ada sebuah opsional field lebar, sebagai sebuah nomor desimal;
kemudian sebuah modifikasi opsional, yang mungkin
E untuk menggunakan locale's alternatif representasi jika tersedia, atau
0 untuk menggunakan locale's alternatif simbol numerik jika tersedia.
Sebuah EKSPRESI yang diabaikan secara default ke salah. Jika tidak,
EKSPRESI adalah benar atau salah dan set status keluar. Ini adalah salah satu dari:
Seperti sebuah kasus spesial, cp membuat sebuah backup dari SOURCE ketika force dan backup
pilihan diberikan dan SOURCE dan DEST memiliki nama sama untuk sebuah
berkas regular yang telah ada.
BLOK dan BYTE boleh diikuti dengan akhiran pengali berikut:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Setiap simbol CONV bisa berupa:
Hati hati banyak operators membutuhkan escaped atau quote untuk shell.
Perbandingan aritmetik jika kedua ARG adalah nomor, jika tidak lexicographical.
Pola cocok mengembalikan string cocok diantara \( dan \) atau null; jika
\( dan \) tidak digunakan, mereka mengembalikan jumlah karakter yang cocok atau 0.
Kedua MAJOR dan MINOR harus dispesifikasikan ketika TIPE adalah b, c, atau u, dan mereka
harus diabaikan ketika TIPE adalah p. Jika MAJOR atau MINOR dimulai dengan 0x atau 0X,
Ini diinterpretasikan sebagai hexadesimal; jika tidak, jika ini dimulai dengan 0, seperti oktal;
jika tidak, sebagai desimal. TIPE mungkin juga:
Secara default, rm tidak menghapus direktori. Gunakan --recursive (-r atau -R)
untuk menghapus direktori, juga, sesuai dengan seluruh isinya.
Secara default, pilih -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC adalah
dua pembatas karakter untuk memisahkan halaman logikal, sebuah karakter
yang hilang menandakan : Tipe \\ untuk \. STYLE adalah satu dari:
Secara baku, sparse berkas SUMBER terdeteksi oleh sebuah crude heuristic dan
berkas TUJUAN yang berhubungan dibuat sparse juga. Itu adalah perilaku
yang dipilih oleh --sparse=auto. Spesifikasikan --sparse=always untuk membuat sebuah sparse
berkas TUJUAN ketika berkas SUMBER berisi sebuah urutan panjang dari nol bytes.
Gunakan --sparse=never untuk mencegah pembuatan dari berkas sparse.
Ketika --reflink[=always] dispesifikasikan, lakukan penyalinan ringan, dimana
data blok disalin hanya ketika termodifikasi. Jika ini tidak memungkinkan
penyalinan akan gagal, atau jika --reflink=auto dispesifikasikan, kembali ke standar penyalinan.
Konfigurasi kombinasi:
* [-]LCASE sama seperti [-]lcase
cbreak sama seperti -icanon
-cbreak sama seperti icanon
Konfigurasi kontrol:
[-]clocal nonaktifkan sinyal kontrol modem
[-]cread bolehkan masukan untuk diterima
* [-]crtscts aktifkan RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set ukuran karakter ke N bits, N dalam [5..8]
Tampilan nilai berada dalam satuan dari BESAR pertama yang tersedia dari --block-size,
dan %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE dan variabel lingkungan BLOCKSIZE.
Jika tidak, satuan baku ke 1024 bytes (atau 512 jika POSIXLY_CORRECT diset).
Setiap FLAG simbol bisa berupa:
append mode append (berguna hanya untuk keluaran; conv=notrunc disarankan)
Setiap MODE adalah dalam bentuk '[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Contoh:
%s -12 berkas1 berkas2 Hanya cetak baris yang ada dalam berkas1 dan berkas2.
%s -3 berkas1 berkas2 Cetak baris dalam berkas1 bukan dalam berkas2, dan sebaliknya.
Contoh:
%s /usr/bin/sort Keluaran "sort".
%s include/stdio.h Keluaran "stdio".
Contoh:
%s /usr/bin/sort Keluar "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Keluar ".".
Contoh:
%s f - g Keluarkan isi f, kemudian masukan standar, kemudian isi g.
%s Salin masukan standar ke keluaran standar.
Contoh:
%s root /u Ubah pemilik dari /u ke "root".
%s root:staff /u Seperti, tetapi juga ubah grupnya ke "staff".
%s -hR root /u Ubah pemilik dari /u dan subfiles ke "root".
Contoh:
%s staff /u Ubah grup dari /u ke "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Ubah grup dari /u dan berkas dibawahnya ke "staff".
Kecuali untuk -h dan -L, seluruh BERKAS yang terhubung test dereference link simbolik.
Hati hati kalau tanda petik harus di escaped (e.g., dengan backslash) untuk shell.
INTEGER mungkin juga -l STRING, yang dievaluasi ke panjang dari STRING.
Status Keluar adalah 0 jika EKSPRESI adalah null atau 0, 1 jika EKSPRESI adalah nol
atau 0, 2 jika EKSPRESI adalah secara sintaks tidak valid, dan 3 jika sebuah error ditemui.
Status keluar:
0 jika OK,
1 jika ada masalah kecil (contoh: tidak dapat mengakses direktori dibawahnya),
2 jika ada masalah besar (contoh: tidak dapat mengakses argumen baris perintah).
FORMAT kontrol keluaran seperti dalam C printf. Interpretasikan urutan seperti:
\" tanda petik
FORMAT kontrol dari keluaran. Urutan yang diinterpretasikan adalah:
%% sebuah literal %
%a locale penyingkatan nama weekday (contoh, Sun)
Tangani baris tty yang terhubung ke standar masukan. Tanpa argumen,
tampilkan baud rate, baris disiplin, dan deviasi dari stty sane. Dalam
konfigurasi, CHAR diambil secara literal, atau dikodekas seperti dalam ^c, 0x37, 0177 atau
127; nilai spesial ^- atau undef digunakan untuk menonaktifkan karakter spesial.
Jika -e memiliki efek, urutan berikut akan dikenali:
Jika BERKAS adalah -, shred standar keluaran.
Hapus BERKAS jika --remove (-u) dispesifikasikan. Default adalah tidak menghapus
berkas karena ini biasa untuk beroperasi di perangkat berkas seperti /dev/hda,
dan berkas tersebut biasanya seharusnya tidak dihapus. Ketika beroperasi di berkas
umum, kebanyakan orang menggunakan pilihan --remove.
Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s seperti BERKAS adalah umum.
Jika ARG1 ARG2 diberikan, -m diasumsikan: `am i' atau `mom likes' seperti biasa.
Jika BERKAS dispesifikasikan, baca itu untuk menentukan warna mana yang digunakan untuk
tipe berkas dan extensinya. Jika tidak , sebuah database yang tersedia digunakan.
Untuk lebih detail dalam format dari berkas ini, jalankan `dircolors --print-database'.
Jika PERTAMA atau PENINGKATAN diabaikan, ini default ke 1. Oleh karena itu, sebuah
pengabaian PENINGKATAN default ke 1 walaupun akhir lebih kecil dari PERTAMA.
PERTAMA, PENINGKATA, dan TERAKHIR diintepretasikan sebagai nilai floating point.
PENINGKATAN biasanya positif jika PERTAMA lebih kecil dari TERAKHIR, dan
PENINGKATAN biasanya negatif jika PERTAMA lebih besar dari TERAKHIR.
Jika MODE adalah `0' maka aliran yang berhubungan tidak akan disangga.
Jika MODE adalah `L' maka aliran yang berhubungan akan berupa baris bersangga.
Pilihan ini tidak valid dengan standar masukan.
Jika sebuah BERKAS adalah -, salin kembali ke standar keluaran.
Jika format pemanggilan pertama dan kedua kedua diaplikasikan, format kedua diasumsikan
jika operand terakhir diawali dengan + atau (jika disana ada 2 operand) sebuah digit.
Sebuah OFSET operand berarti -j OFSET. LABEL adalah pseudo-address
di byte pertama yang ditampilkan, naikan ketika dump berjalan.
Untuk OFFSET dan LABEL, sebuah awalan 0x atau 0X mengindikasikan hexadesimal;
akhiran mungkin . untuk oktal dan b untuk kelipatan dari 512.
Jika tidak ada perintah yang diberikan, jalankan ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Jika standar masukan adalah sebuah terminal, redirect itu dari /dev/null.
Jika standar keluaran adalah sebuah terminal, tambahkan keluaran ke `nohup.out' jika memungkinkan,
'$HOME/nohup.out' jika tidak.
Jika standar error adalah sebuah terminal, redirect itu ke standar keluaran.
Untuk menyimpan BERKAS keluaran, gunakan `%s PERINTAH > BERKAS'.
Jika perintah kehabisan waktu, ketika kita keluar dengan status 124,
jika tidak, keluar dengan status dari PERINTAH.
Jika tidak ada sinyal yang dispesifikasikan, sinyal TERM dikirimkan. Sinyal TERM
akan mematikan proses yang tidak memblok atau menangkap sinyal ini. Untuk proses lain,
ini mungkin perlu menggunakan sinyal KILL(9), karena sinyal ini tidak dapat
ditangkap.
Jika karakter pertama dari K (jumlah dari bytes atau baris adalah sebuah `+',
tampilkan awal dengan bagian ke K dari awal dari setiap berkas, jika tidak,
tampilkan bagian terakhir ke K dari berkas. K mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Konfigurasi masukan:
[-]brkint break disebabkan sebuah sinyal interupsi
[-]icrnl translasikan carriage return ke baris baru
[-]ignbrk abaikan karakter break
[-]igncr abaikan carriage return
K mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Lisensi GPLv3+; GNU GPL versi 3 atau selanjutnya
Ini adalah software bebas; anda bebas untuk mengubah dan mendistribusikannya.
Tidak ada GARANSI, selama masih diijinkan oleh hukum.
Konfigurasi lokal:
[-]crterase echo karakter erase seperti backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill hapus seluruh baris dengan mengikuti konfigurasi echoprt dan echoe
* -crtkill hapus seluruh baris dengan mengikuti konfigurasi echoctl dan echok
CATATAN: Jika PERINTAH disesuaikan dengan penyangga dari aliran standar (`tee'
melakukan hal ini) maka itu akan memaksa perubahan konfigurasi yang berhubungan dengan
`stdbuf'. Juga bebera penyaring (seperti `dd' dan `cat' dlsb.) jangan gunakan aliran untuk I/O,
dan sehingga tidak terpengaruh oleh konfigurasi `stdbuf'.
CATAT: [ hargai pilihan --help dan --version, tetapi test tidak.
memperlakukan test dari setiap itu seperti memperlakukan STRING tidak kosong lain.
CATAT: shell anda mungkin memiliki versinya sendiri dari %s, yang biasanya supersedes
dari versi yang dijelaskan disini. Tolong lihat ke dokumentasi shell anda
untuk detail mengenai pilihan yang didukung.
Catat bahwa pilihan -d dan -t menerima format waktu-tanggal berbeda.
Catat bahwa pilihan -r dan -s adalah mutually exclusive.
Catat, perbandingan menghargai aturan dispesifikasikan oleh `LC_COLLATE'.
Catat: 'uniq' tidak mendeteksi pengulangan baris kecuali mereka berurutan.
Anda mungkin ingin mengurutkan masukan pertama, atau gunakan `sort -u' tanpa `uniq'.
Juga, perbandingan menghargain aturan yang dispesifikasikan oleh `LC_COLLATE'.
Opsional - sebelum KONFIGURASI mengindikasikan negasi. Sebuah tanda * konfigurasi
non-POSIX. Sistem yang berjalan mendefinisikan dimana konfigurasi yang tersedia.
MODE adalah sebuah angka yang mungkin diikuti oleh salah sati dari akhiran berikut:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, dan selanjutnya untuk G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Dalam kasus ini aliran yang berhubungan akan tersangga sepenuhnya dengan ukuran
penyangga di set ke MODE bytes.
Konfigurasi keluaran:
* bsN gaya backspace delay, N dalam [0..1]
* crN gaya carriage return delay, N dalam [0..3]
* ffN gaya form feed delay, N dalam [0..1]
* nlN gayal baris baru delay, N dalam [0..1]
Pemilik tidak diubah jika hilang. Grup tidak diubah jika hilang, tetapi ubah
ke grup login jika diimplikasikan oleh sebuah `:' diikuti sebuah simbolik PEMILIK.
PEMILIK dan GRUP boleh berupa numerik seperti juga simbolik.
POS adalah F[.C][OPTS], dimana F adalah jumlah field dan C adalah posisi karakter
dalam daerah itu; asal keduanya adalah 1. Jika tidak -t atau -b yang memiliki efek, karakter
dalam sebuah field dihitung dari awal yang diawali dengan spasi. OPTS adalah
satu atau lebih pilihan pengurutan huruf-tunggal, yang memaksa pengurutan global
pilihan untuk kunci itu. Jika tidak ada kunci yang diberikan, gunakan seluruh baris sebagai kunci.
UKURAN mungkin diikuti dengan akhiran pengali berikut:
Menampilkan nilai dari EKSPRESI dari keluaran standar. Baris kosong dibawah
dipisahkan awalan grup meningkat. EKSPRESI bisa:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 jika ini bukan null atau 0, jika tidak ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 jika bukan argumen adalah nol atau 0, jika tidak 0
RADIX adalah d untuk desimal, o untuk oktal, x untuk heksadesimal atau n untuk kosong.
BYTES adalah heksadesimal dengan awalan 0x atau 0X, dan mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Menambahkan sebuah akhiran z untuk semua type karakter yang bisa ditampilkan di akhir dari setiap
baris keluaran.
Baca standard masukan jika BERKAS adalah -. Setiap POLA mungkin:
Laporkan %s bugs ke %s
Laporkan bugs ke: %s
SET dispesifikasikan sebagai karakter strings. Kebanyakan represent dirinya sendiri.
Urutan yang diinterpretasikan adalah:
\NNN karakter dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampa 3 oktal digit)
\\ backslash
\a BEL yang dapat didengar
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n baris baru
\r kembali
\t horisontal tab
SINYAL mungkin sebuah nama sinyal seperti `HUP', atau sebuah nomor sinyal. seperti `1',
atau sebuah status keluaran dari sebuah proses diakhiri oleh sebuah sinyal.
PID adalah sebuah integer; Jika negatif ini diidentifikasikan sebuah proses grup.
SIZE adalah sebuah nomor. Untuk TIPE dalam doux, SIZE mungkin juga C untuk
sizeof(char), S untuk sizeof(short), I untuk sizeof(int) atau L untuk
sizeof(long). Jika TYPE adalah f, SIZE mungkin juga F untuk sizeof (float), D
untuk sizeof (double) atau L untuk sizeof(long double).
UKURAN juga bisa diawali dengan satu dari karakter pengubah berikut:
`+' menambahkan, `-' mengurangi, `<' maksimal, `>' minimal,
`/' membulatkan kebawah ke kelipatan dari, `%' membulatkan keatas ke kelipatan dari.
BESAR mungkin (atau mungkin sebuah integer dan opsional diikuti oleh) satu dari berikut:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, dan selanjutnya untuk G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Mengirim sebuah %s sinyal ke proses `dd' yang sedang berjalan membuatnya
menampilkan statistik I/O ke standar error dan kemudian melanjutkan penyalinan.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) tersalin, 34.6279 detik, 271 MB/s
Pilihan adalah:
Karakter spesial:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti terminal saat masukan diflush
eof CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah akhir dari berkas (akhiri masukan)
eof CHAR CHAR akan akhir dari baris
Konfigurasi spesial:
N set kecepatan masukan dan keluaran ke N bauds
* cols N beritahu kernel bahwa terminal memilik N kolom
* columns N sama seperti cols N
TIPE dibuat dari satu atau lebih dari spesifikasi berikut:
a karakter bernama, mengabaikan high-order bit
c karakter ASCII atau backslash escape
Akhiran backup adalah `~', kecuali diset dengan --suffix atau SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Metode pengontrol versi mungkin dipilih melalui pilihan --backup atau melalui variabel lingkungan VERSION_CONTROL. Ini adalah nilainya:
Data yang dienkode seperti yang dijelaskan untuk base64 alphabet dalam RFC 3548.
Ketika mendekode, masukan mungkin berisi baris baru sebagai tambahan ke bytes dari
alphabet format dari base64. Gunakan --ignore-garbage untuk mencoba untuk merekover
dari karakter bukan alphabet bytes dalam stream yang dienkode.
Tiga pilihan berikut hanya berguna jika memverifikasi checksums:
--quiet jangan menampilkan OK untuk setiap sukses dalam memverifikasi berkas
--status jangan mengeluarkan apapun, kode status menunjukan sukses
-w, --warn peringatkan tentang format yang tidak sesuai dengan baris checksum
Sum dihitung sesuai dijelaskan dalam %s. Ketika memeriksa, masukan
seharusnya adalah keluaran sebelumnya dari aplikasi ini. Mode default adalah menampilkan
sebuah baris dengan checksum, sebuah karakter mengindikasikan tipe (`*' untuk binary, ` ' untuk
text), dan nama untuk setiap BERKAS.
Urutan format yang valid untuk berkas (tanpa --file-system):
%a Hak akses dalam oktal
%A Hak akses dalam format yang mudah dibaca
%b Jumlah dari blok yang dialokasikan (lihat %B)
%B Jumlah dalam bytes untuk setiap blok yang dilaporkan oleh %b
%C String konteks keamanan SELinux
Aplikasi pemasangan ini menyalin berkas (sering hanya kompilasi) kedalam
lokasi tujuan yang anda pilih. Jika anda ingin untuk mengunduh dan memasang
sebuah paket siap untuk digunakan di sebuah sistem GNU/Linux, anda
seharusnya menggunakan manajer paket seperti yum(1) atau apt-get(1).
Dalam tiga format pertama, salin ASAL ke TUJUUAN atau banyak ASAL ke
DIREKTORI yang sudah ada, ketika menset mode ijin dan kepemilikan/grup.
Dalam bentuk ke 4, buat seluruh komponen dari DIREKTORI yang diberikan.
Untuk menghapus sebuah berkas yang namanya dimulai dengan sebuah `-', sebagai contoh `-foo',
gunakan salah satu dari perintah berikut:
%s -- -f
%s ./-foo
Spesifikasi format tradisional mungkin tercampur; mereka berakumulasi:
-a sama seperti -t a, pilih karakter bernama, mengabaikan high-order bit
-b sama seperti -t o1, pilih oktal bytes
-c sama seperti -t c, pilih ASCII karakter atau backslash escapes
-d sama seperti -t u2, pilih unsigned desimal 2-byte units
Penerjemahaan terjadi jika -d tidak diberikan dan kedua SET1 dan SET2 terlihat.
-t mungkin digunakan jika sedang menerjemahkan. SET2 menambahkan panjang dari
SET1 dengan mengulang karakter terakhir jika diperlukan. Kelebihan karakter
dari SET2 diabaikan. Hanya [:lower:] dan [:upper:] yang dijamin untuk
diekspand dalam urutan meningkat; digunakan dalam SET2 ketika menerjemaahkan, mereka mungkin
hanya digunakan dalam pasangan untuk menspesifikasikan konversi huruf. -s menggunakan SET1 jika tidak
mentranslasikan atau menghapus; kecuali menekan gunakan SET2 dan terjadi setelah
menerjemahkan atau menghapus.
Gunakan satu, dan hanya satu dari -b, -c atau -f. Setiap DAFTAR dibuat dari satu
jangkauan, atau banyak jangkauan dipisahkan oleh koma. Input yang dipilih ditulis
dalam urutan yang sama dengan waktu dibaca, dan ditulis tepat sekali.
Menggunakan warna untuk membedakan tipe berkas adalah tidak aktif baik baku dan
dengan --color=never. Dengan --color=auto, ls mengeluarkan kode warna hanya
ketika standar keluaran terhubung ke sebuah terminal. Variabel lingkungan LS_COLORS
dapat mengubah konfigurasi ini. Gunakan perintah dircolors untuk mengubahnya.
Dengan tanpa BERKAS atau jika BERKAS adalah -, baca Standar Masukan. `-F /' secara default.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca masukan standar.
Dengan tanpa pilihan, menghasilkan keluaran tiga kolom. Kolom satu berisi
baris unik ke BERKAS1, kolom dua berisi baris unik ke BERKAS2.
dan kolom tiga berisi baris umum ke kedua berkas.
Tanpa PILIHAN apapun, menampilkan beberapa informasi identifikasi berguna.
Tulis sebuah represetasi ambigu, oktal byte secara default,
dari BERKAS ke standar keluaran. Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS argumen,
concatenate mereka dalam daftar urutan ke dalam bentuk masukan.
dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] buat sebuah backup untuk setiap berkas tujuan yang sudah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-f, --force jangan tanya sebelum menimpa penulisan
-i, --interactive tanya sebelum menimpa penulisan ke berkas yang sudah ada
Jika anda menspesifikasikan lebih dari salah satu dari -i, -f, -n, hanya yang terakhir yang berpengaruh.
--backup[=CONTROL] membuat sebuah backup dari setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-d, -F, --directory membolehkan superuser untuk mencoba link keras
direktori (catat: mungkin akan gagal karena adanya
pembatasan sistem, bahkan untuk superuser)
-f, --force hapus berkas tujuan yang sudah ada
--backup[=KONTROL] membuat sebuah backup untuk setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-c (diabaikan)
-C, --compare bandingkan setiap pasangan dari berkas sumber dan tujuan, dan
dalam kasus tertentu, jangan modifikasi tujuan sama sekali
-d, --directory perlakukan seluruh argumen sebagai nama direktori; buat seluruh
komponen dari direktori yang dispesifikasikan
--batch-size=NMERGE gabungkan di NMERGE masukan dalam satu waktu;
untuk penggunaan lebih berkas sementara
--block-size=BESAR gunakan BESAR-byte blok. Lihat format BESAR dibawah
-B, --ignore-backups jangan mendaftar implied masukan berakhir dengan ~
-c dengan -lt; urutkan, dan tampilkan, ctime (waktu dari informasi
status modifikasi berkas terakhir)
dengan -l; menampilkan ctime dan urutkan sesuai nama
jika tidak; urutkan dengan ctime
--complement complement set dari bytes, karakter atau fields yang
dipilih
--files0-from=F baca masukan dari berkas yang dispesifikasikan oleh
nama yang diakhiri-KOSONG dalam berkas F
Jika F adalah - maka baca nama dari standar masukan
-L, --max-line-length tampilkan panjang dari baris terpanjang
-w, --words tampilkan jumlah kata
--files0-from=F ringkas penggunaan disk dari NUL-terminated berkas
nama dispesifikasikan dalam berkas F
jika F adalah - maka baca nama dari standar masukan
-H sama dengan --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca (contoh: 1K 234M 2G)
--si seperti -h, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan 1000 bukan 1024
--group-directories-first
group direktori sebelum berkas.
tambahkan dengan sebuah pilihan --sort, tetapi
penggunaan apapun dari --sort=none (-U) menonaktifkan grup
--help tampilkan bantuan ini dan keluar
--indicator-style=WORD menambahkan indikator dengan style WORD ke nama masukan:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode menampilkan nomor index dari setiap berkas
-I, --ignore=POLA jangan mendaftar implied masukan cocok shell POLA
-k seperti --block-size=1K
--lookup mencoba untuk canonicalize hostname melalui DNS
-m hanya hostname dan pengguna yang berhubungan dengan stdin
-p, --process menampilkan aktif proses dispawn oleh init
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' secara spesial
--preserve-root jangan menghapus `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive hapus direktori dan isinya secara rekursif
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' secara spesial (default)
--preserve-root gagal untuk beroperasi secara rekursif di `/'
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' spesial (default)
--preserve-root gagal beroperasi secara rekursif di `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST jangan jaga atribut yang dispesifikasikan
--parents gunakan full nama berkas sumber dibawah DIREKTORI
--one-file-system ketika menghapus sebuah hierarki secara rekursif, lewati
direktori apapun yang ada di sebuah sistem berkas berbeda dari
yang berhubungan dengan argumen baris perintah
--pid=PID dengan -f, akhiri setelah proses ID, PID selesai
-q, --quiet, --silent jangan mengeluarkan header diberikan nama berkas
--retry coba terus untuk membuka sebuah berkas walaupun berkas itu
telah menjadi tidak dapat diakses; berguna ketika mengikuti
nama, contoh, dengan --follow=name
--preserve-context jaga SELinux konteks keamanan
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux konteks keamanan dari berkas dan direktori
--reference=RFILE gunakan RFILE konteks keamanan daripada menspesifikasikan
sebuah nilai KONTEKS
-R, --recursive beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose mengeluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
--ufc-3339=TIMESPEC mengeluarkan tanggal dan jam dalam format RFC 3339.
TIMESPEC=`tanggal', `detik', atau `ns' untuk
tanggal dan jam ke presisi yang diindikasikan.
Tanggal dan jam komponen dipisahkan oleh
sebuah spasi: 2006-08-07 12:34:56+07:00
-s, --set=STRING set waktu dijelaskan oleh STRING
-u, --utc, --universal menampilkan atau menset Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=KATA urutkan berdasarkan dari KATA:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort urutan alami dari nomor versi dalam teks
--strip-trailing-slashes hapus akhiran slash apapun dari setiap SUMBER
argumen
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX memaksa akhiran backup biasa
--suffix=AKHIR tambahkan AKHIRAN ke TEMPLATE. AKHIRAN tidak boleh berisi slash.
Pilihan ini mengindikasikan jika TEMPLATE tidak berakhir dalam X.
--time menampilkan waktu dari terakhir modifikasi dari setiap berkas dalam
direktori, atau subdirektori apapun
--time=WORD menampilkan waktu seperti WORD daripada modifikasi waktu:
atime, access, use, ctim, atau status
--time-style=STYLE menampilkan waktu menggunakan gaya STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT diinterpretasikan seperti `date'
--time-style dengan -l, menampilkan waktu menggunakan gaya STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, local, +FORMAT.
FORMAT diinterpretasikan seperti `date'; jika FORMAT adalah
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies ke
berkas tidak recent dan FORMAT2 ke berkas baru;
jika STYLE di awali dengan `posix-', STYLE
berpengaruh hanya diluar POSIX locale
--verbose tampilkan sebuah diagnosa tepat sebelum setiap
berkas keluaran dibuka
--version keluarkan informasi versi dan keluar
--all tampilkan jumlah dari prosesor yang terpasang
--ignore=N jika memungkinkan, abaikan N satuan pemrosesan
Besar Isi Sisa Isi%% Inode IIsi IBebas IIsi%% Besar Isi Sisa Isi%% -evenp sama seperti -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase sama seperti xcase iuclc olcuc
litout sama seperti -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout sama seperti parenb istrip opost cs7
nl sama seperti -icrnl -onlcr
-nl sama seperti icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb gunakan dua stop bit per karakter (satu dengan `-')
[-]hup kirim sebuah sinyal hangup ketika proses terakhir tutup dengan tty
[-]hupcl sama seperti [-]hup
[-]parenb hasilkan bit parity dalam keluaran dan harapkan parity bit dalam masukan
[-]parodd set odd parity (bahkan dengan `-')
[-]ignpar abaikan karakter dengan parity error
* [-]imaxbel beep dan jangan flush sebuah masukan lengkap buffer dalam sebuah karakter
[-]inlcr translasikan baris baru ke carriage return
[-]inpck aktifkan pengecheckan masukan parity
[-]istrip hapus atas (ke 8) bit dari karakter masukan
[-]isig aktifkan interupsi, quit, dan suspend spesial karakter
[-]noflsh non-aktifkan flushing setelah interupsi dan spesial karakter quit
* [-]prterase sama seperti [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop hentikan pekerjaan dibelakan yang mencoba untuk menulis ke terminal
* [-]xcase dengan icanon, escape dengan `\' untuk karakter huruf besar
cooked sama seperti brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof dan eol karakter ke nilai defaultnya
-cooked sama seperti mentah
crt sama seperti echoe echoctl echoke
dec sama seperti echoe echoctl echoke ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq sama seperti [-]ixany
ek erase dan kill karakter ke nilai defaultnya
evenp sama seperti parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set kecepatan masukan ke N
* line N gunakan line disiplin N
min N dengan -icanon, set N karakter minimum untuk sebuah pembacaan selesai
ospeed N set kecepatan keluaran ke N
oddp sama seperti parenb parodd cs7
-oddp sama seperti -parenb cs8
[-]parity sama seperti [-]evenp
pass8 sama seperti -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 sama seperti parenb istrip cs7
raw sama seperti -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw sama seperti cooked
sane sama seperti cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, semua karakter
spesial ke nilai defaultnya.
stop CHAR CHAR akan menghentikan keluaran
susp CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti terminal
* swtch CHAR CHAR akan mengubah ke lapisan shell yang berbeda
* werase CHAR CHAR akan menghapus kata terakhir yang diketik
%% sebuah %
%b ARGUMEN sebagai sebuah string dengan `\' escapes diinterpretasikan,
kecuali oktal tersebut escapes adalah dalam bentuk \0 atau \0NNN
dan seluruh spesifikasi C format berakhir dengan satu dari diouxXfeEgGcs, dengan
ARGUMEN diubah ke type yang sesuai terlebih dahulu. Lebar variabel ditangani terlebih dahulu.
%A locale's nama lengkap hari (contoh, Minggu)
%b locale's singkatan nama bulan (contoh, Jan)
%B locale's nama lengkap bulan (contoh, Januari)
%c locale's tanggal dan waktu (contoh, Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C abad; seperti %Y, kecuali mengabaikan dua digit terakhir (contoh, 20)
%d hari dari bulan (contoh, 01)
%D tanggal; sama seperti %m/%d/%y
%e hari dari bulan, spasi dipadded; sama seperti %_d
%F tanggal lengkap; sama seperti %Y-%m-%d
%g dua digit terakhir dari tahun dari ISO nomor minggu (lihat %G)
%G tahun dari ISO nomor minggu (lihat %V); biasanya berguna hanya dengan %V
%S detik (00..60)
%t sebuah tab
%T waktu; sama seperti %H:%M:%S
%u hari dari minggu (1..7); 1 adalah Senin
%U nomor minggu dari tahun, dengan Minggu sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (00..53)
%V ISO nomor minggu, dengan Senin sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (01..53)
%w hari dari minggu (0..6); 0 adalah Minggu
%W nomor minggu dari tahun, dengan Senin sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (00..53)
%d Nomor perangkat dalam desimal
%D Nomor perangkat dalam heksadesimal
%f Mode mentah dalam heksadesimal
%F Tipe berkas
%g Grup ID dari pemilik
%G Nama ID dari pemilik
%h Jumlah dari hard links
%i Jumlah dari inode
%n Nama berkas
%N Quote nama berkas dengan dereference jika link simbolik
%o Ukuran blok I/O
%s Ukuran total, dalam bytes
%t Tipe perangkat major dalam heksadesimal
%T Tipe perangkat minor dalam heksadesimal
%h sama seperti %b
%H jam (00...23)
%I jam (01...12)
%j hari dari tahun (001...366)
%i ID Sistem Berkas dalam heksadesimal
%l Panjang maksimal dari nama berkas
%n Nama berkas
%s Besar blok (untuk transfer lebih cepat)
%S Besar blok fundamental (untuk jumlah blok)
%t Tipe dalam heksadesimal
%T Tipe dalam format yang mudah dibaca
%k jam ( 0..23)
%l jam ( 1..12)
%m bulan (01..12)
%M menit (00..59)
%n sebuah baris baru
%N nano detik (000000000..999999999)
%p persamaan locale's baik AM atau PM; kosong jika tidak diketahui
%P seperti %p, tetap menggunakan huruf kecil
%r locale's 12-jam waktu (contoh, 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-jam jam dan menit; sama seperti %H:%M
%s detik sejak 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u ID Pengguna dari pemilik
%U Nama pengguna dari pemilik
%x Waktu terakhir diakses
%X Waktu terakhir diakses sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%y Waktu terakhir dimodifikasi
%Y Waktu terakhir dimodifikasi sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%z Waktu terakhir diubah
%Z Waktu terakhir diubah sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%x locale's representasi tanggal (contoh, 12/31/99)
%X locale's representasi waktu (contoh, 21:13:48)
%y dua digit terakhir dari tahun (00..99)
%Y tahun
%z +hhmm daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +0700)
%:z +hh:mm daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +07:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +07:00:00)
%:::z daerah waktu numerik dengan : dibutuhkan untuk presisi (contoh, +07, +08:30)
%Z singkatan daerah waktu alphabet (contoh, WIT)
+ TOKEN interpretasikan TOKEN sebagai sebuah string, walaupun ini adalah sebuah
keyword seperti `match'atau sebuah operator seperti `/'
( EXPRESSION ) nilai dari EKSPRESI
--output-delimiter=STR pisahkan kolom dengan STR
--userspec=PENGGUNA:GRUP spesifikasikan pengguna dan grup (ID atau nama) yang digunakan
--groups=G_LIST spesifikasikan grup tambahan sebagai g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-A, --address-radix=RADIX tentukan bagaimana berkas ofset ditampilkan
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES lewati BYTES masukan awal byte
-A, --auto-reference keluarkan secara otomatis referensi yang dihasilkan
-G, --traditional berperilaku lebih seperti System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING gunakan STRING untuk flagging pemotongan baris
-B, --block-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE-byte blok
-b, --bytes sama seperti `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total menghasilkan jumlah total
-D, --dereference-args dereference hanya symlink yang terdaftar di
baris perintah
-C mendaftar masukan dengan kolom
--color[=KAPAN] mengontrol apakah warna digunakan untuk membedakan tipe
berkas. KETIKA bisa `never', `always', atau `auto'. Informasi lebih lanjut dibawah
-d, --directory daftar masukan direktori daripada isi,
dan jangan mendereference link simbolik
-D, --dired menghasilkan keluarkan didesign untuk Emacs' dired mode
-D buat seluruh komponen awal dari TUJUAN kecuali terakhir,
kemudian salin ASAL ke TUJUAN
-g, --group-GROUP set kepemilikan grup, daripada proses' grup sekarang
-m, --mode=MODE set mode ijin (seperti dalam chmod), daripa rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set kepemilikan (pengguna-super saja)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
gunakan FORMAT untuk header tanggal
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand masukan CHAR (TAB) ke LEBAR tab (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
gunakan form feed daripada baris baru untuk memisahkan halaman
(dengan 3 baris per halaman header dengan -F atau sebuah 5 baris header
dan trailer tanpat -F)
-G, --no-group dalam sebuah listing panjang, jangan menampilkan nama grup
-h, --human-readable dengan -l, menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca
(contoh, 1K 234M 2G)
--si sama seperti diatas, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan 1000 bukan 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
ikuti link simbolik terdaftar di baris perintah
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
mengikuti setiap baris perintah link simbolik
yang menunjuk ke sebuah direktori
--hide=POLA jangan mendaftar implied masukan cocok shell POLA
(overriden dengan -a atau -A)
-I tanya sekali sebelum menghapus lebih dari tiga berkas, atau
ketika menghapus secara rekursif. Kurang intrusive daripada -i,
ketika tetap memberikan proteksi terhadap setiap kesalahan
--interactive[=WHEN] tanya menurut WHEN: never, once (-I), atau
always (-i). Tanpa WHEN, selalu bertanya
-L BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah link simbolik (sama seperti -h)
-O BERKAS BERKAS ada dan dimiliki oleh efektif ID pengguna
-p BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah named pipe
-r BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin membaca diberikan
-s BERKAS BERKAS ada dan memiliki ukuran lebih besar dari nol
-L, --dereference dereferensikan seluruh link simbolik
-P, --nodereference jangan ikuti simbolik link apapun (inidefault)
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-S, --separate-dirs jangan memasukan ukuran dari subdirektori
-s, --summarize tampilkan hanya sebuah total dari setiap argumen
-L, --logical gunakan PWD dari lingkungan, bahkan jika itu berisi symlinks
-P, --physical hindari semua symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING nama macro yang digunakan daripada `xx'
-O, --format=roff menghasilkan keluaran seperti direktif roff
-R, --rigth-side-refs letakan referensi dikanan, tidak dihitung dalam -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP untuk akhir dari baris atau akhir dari kalimat
-T, --format=tex menghasilkan keluaran seperti direktif Tex
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES batasi dump ke BYTE masukan byte
-S, --strings[=BYTES] keluarkan string dari paling tidak karakter BYTES gambar
-t, --format=TYPE pilih format keluaran atau format
-v, --output-duplicates jangan gunakan * untuk menandai penekanan baris
-w, --width[=BYTES] keluarkan byte BYTES per baris keluaran
--traditional menerima argumen dalam format tradisional
-P, --portability gunakan format keluaran POSIX
--sync menjalankan sync sebelum memperoleh informasi penggunaan
-t, --type=TYPE membatasi daftar dari sistem berkas dari tipe TIPE
-T, --print-type menampilkan tipe sistem berkas
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE membatasi daftar dari sistem berkas bukan dari tipe TIPE
-v (diabaikan)
-S mengurutkan dengan ukuran berkas
--sort=WORD urutkan dengan WORD daripada dari nama: none -U,
ekstensi -X, besar -S, waktu -t, versi -v
--time=WORD dengan -l, menampilkan waktu seperti WORD daripada modifikasi
waktu; atime -u; access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
atau status -c; gunakan spesifikasi waktu sebagai kunci pengurut
jika --sort=time
-S BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah sebuah socket
-t FD berkas deskripsi FD dibuka di sebuah terminal
-u BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki set-user-ID bit diset
-w BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin tulis diberikan
-x BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin menjalankan (atau pencarian) ada
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override akhiran backup biasa
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY spesifikasikan DIREKTORI yang akan dibuat
untuk link
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan LINK_NAME sama seperti berkas normal
-v, --verbose menampilkan nama dari setiap berkas yang terhubung
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
pisahkan kolom dengan STRING,
tanpa -S: Pemisah default dengan -J dan
jika tidak (sama seperti -S" "), tidak berpengaruh di pilihan kolom
-t, --omit-header abaikan header halaman dan akhiran
-T, --omit-pagination
abaikan header dan trailers halaman, hapus pagination apapun
dari form feeds diset dalam berkas masukan
-v, --show-nonprinting
gunakan notasi oktal backslash
-w PAGE_WIDTH, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set lebar halaman ke PAGE_WIDTH (72) karakter untuk
keluaran multiple text-kolom saja, -s[char] matikan (72)
-T, -w, --mesg menambahkan status pesan pengguna seperti +, - atau ?
-u, --users daftar pengguna yang sedang memakai sistem
--message sama seperti -T
--writable sama seperti -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set lebar halaman ke selalu PAGE_WIDTH (72) karakter,
potong baris, kecuali pilihan -J diset, no interference
dengan -S atau -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP gunakan REGEXP untuk mencocokan setiap keyword
-b, --break-file=BERKAS karakter pemisah kata dalam BERKAS ini
-f, --ignore-case ubah huruf kecil ke huruf besar untuk pengurutan
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER ukuran gap dalam kolom diantara fields keluaran
-i, --ignore-file=FILE baca daftar kata yang diabaikan dari BERKAS
-o, --only-file=FILE baca hanya daftar kata saja dari BERKAS ini
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari NAMA ke CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari setiap NAMA ke CTX
-a ubah hanya waktu akses
-c, --no-create jangan buat berkas apapun
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING dan gunakan itu daripada waktu sekarang
-f (diabaikan)
-a, --across menampilkan kolom across daripada turun, gunakan bersama
dengan -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
gunakan notasi topi (^G) dan notasi backslash oktal
-d, --double-space
keluaran menggunakan dua spasi
-a, --all termasuk sistem berkas dummy
-B, --block-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE-byte blok
-h, --human-readable menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca (contoh , 1K 234 M 2G)
-H, --si sama seperti itu, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan dari 1000 bukan 1024
-a, --all tulis jumlah untuk seluruh berkas, tidak hanya direktori
--apparent-size menampilkan ukuran sebenarnya, daripada penggunaan disk; walaupun
ukuran sebenernya biasanya lebih kecil, tetapi mungkin
lebih besar karena adanya holes dalam (`sparse') berkas, internal
fragmentasi, blok tidak langsung, dan seperti itu
-a, --all mengubah seluruh spasi, daripada menyesuaikan spasi inisial
--first-only mengubah hanya awalan urutan dari spasi (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N memiliki tabs N karakter apart daripada 8 (aktifkan -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST menggunakan DAFTAR dipisahkan koma dari posisi tab (aktifkan -a)
-a, --archive sama seperti -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=KONTROL] buat sebuah backup dari setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
--copy-contents salin isi dari berkas spesial ketika rekursif
-d sama seperti --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N gunakan akhiran dengan panjang N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE pakai UKURAN bytes untuk setiap berkas keluaran
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE pakai di hampis UKURAN bytes dari baris setiap berkas keluaran
-d, --numeric-suffixes gunakan akhiran numerik daripada alphabet
-l, --lines=NUMBER pakai JUMLAH baris setiap berkas keluaran
-b, --before pasang pemisah sebelum daripada sesudah
-r, --regex interpretasikan pemisah sebagai sebuah ekspresi umum
-s, --separator=STRING gunakan STRING sebagai pemisah daripada baris baru
-b, --binary baca dalam mode binary
-b, --binary baca dalam mode binary (default kecuali membaca tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris
-d, --section-delimiter=CC gunakan CC untuk memisahkan halaman logikal
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris footer
-b, --bytes hitung byte daripada kolom
-s, --spaces break di spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH gunakan WIDTH kolom daripada 80
-b, --bytes=LIST pilih hanya bytes ini
-c, --character=LIST pilih hanya karakter ini
-d, --delimiter=DELIM gunakan DELIM daripada TAB untuk bagian pembatas
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks abaikan awalan kosong
-d, --dictionary-order pertimbangkan hanya spasi dan karakter huruf dan angka
-f, --ignore-case ubah karakter huruf kecil ke huruf besar
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT gunakan sprintf FORMAT daripada %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX gunakan PREFIX daripada `xx'
-k, --keep-files jangan menghapus berkas keluaran di errors
-c, --bytes=K keluarkan K bytes terakhir; alternatif, gunakan -c +K untuk
mengeluarkan bytes dimulai dengan ke K dari setiap berkas
-c, --bytes=[-]K tampilkan K byte pertama dari setiap berkas;
dengan awalan `-', menampilkan seluruh tetapi K byte
terakhir dari setiap berkas
-n, --lines=[-]K menampilkan K baris pertama daripada 10 pertama;
dengan awalan `-', menampilkan seluruh tetapi K baris
terakhir dari setiap berkas
-c, --check baca %s sums dari BERKAS dan periksa mereka
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first periksa untuk masukan terurut; jangan urutkan
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent seperti -c, tetapi jangan laporkan baris pertama buruk
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries dengan PROG;
decompress itu dengan PROG -d
--files0-from=F baca masukan dari berkas yang dispesifikasikan oleh
nama yang diakhiri NUL dalam berkas F
-c, --count awali baris dengan jumlah kejadian
-d, --repeated hanya menampilkan baris duplikasi
-c, --crown-margin jaga indentasi dari dua baris pertama
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat hanya baris yang diawali dengan STRING,
reattaching prefix ke baris yang diformat
-s, --split-only split baris panjang, tetapi jangan refill
-c, --no-create jangan buat berkas apapun
-d, --delimiters=LIST gunakan karakter dari LIST daripada dari TAB
-s, --serial paste satu berkas di satu waktu daripada secara paralel
-d, --directory buat sebuah direktori, bukan sebuah berkas
-u, --dry-run jangan buat apapun; hanya tampilkan sebuah nama (tidak aman)
-q, --quiet tekan diagnosa mengenai kegagalan pembuatan berkas/direktori
-e aktifkan interpretasi dari backslash escape
-E non-aktifkan interpretasi dari escape backslash (default)
-e aktifkan interpretasi dari backslash escape (default)
-E non-aktifkan interpretasi dari escape backslash
-e, --echo perlakukan setiap ARG sebagai sebuah baris masukan
-i, --input-range=LO-HI perlakukan setiap nomor LO sampai HI sebagai sebuah baris masukan
-n, --head-count=JUMLAH keluarkan di hampir JUMLAH baris
-o, --output=BERKAS tulis hasil ke BERKAS daripada standar keluaran
--random-source=FILE dapatkan random bytes dari BERKAS
-z, --zero-terminated akhir baris dengan 0 byte, bukan baris baru
-f jangan mengurutkan, aktifkan -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify tambahkan indicator (satu dari *=>@|) untuk masukan
--file-type sama seperti itu, kecuali tidak menambahkan `*'
--format=WORD melewati -x, koma -m, horizontal -x. panjang -l,
satu-kolom -1, verbose -l, vertikal -C
--full-time seperti -l --time-style=full-iso
-f mengabaikan baris dari heading kolom dalam format pendek
-w mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna dalam format pendek
-i mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna dan remote host dalam format pendek
-q mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna, remote host dan waktu idle
dalam format pendek
-f sama seperti -t fF, pilih floats
-i sama seperti -t dI, pilih desimal ints
-l sama seperti -t dL, pilih desimal longs
-o sama seperti -t o2, pilih oktal 2-byte units
-s sama seperti -t d2, pilih desimal 2-byte units
-x sama seperti -t x2, pilih hexadesimal 2-byte units
-f BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah berkas biasa
-g BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki set-group-ID
-G BERKAS BERKAS ada dan dimiliki oleh efektif grup ID
-h BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah link simbolik (sama seperti -L)
-k BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki sticky bit diset
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen yang diberikan nama secara rekursif;
semua tetapi komponen terakhir harus ada
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen dari nama yang diberikan secara rekursif,
semua komponen harus ada
-f, --fields=LIST pilih hanya bagian ini; juga tampilkan baris apapun
yang berisi tidak ada karakter pembatas, kecuali
pilihan -s dispesifikasikan
-n (diabaikan)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
keluarkan data yang ditambahkan sebagai pertumbuhan berkas;
-f, --follow, dan --follow=description adalah
sama
-F sama seperti --follow=name --retry
-f, --force jika sebuah berkas tujuan yang telah ada tidak dapat
dibuka, hapus itu dan coba lagi
-i, --interaktif tanya sebelum menimpa (memaksa sebuah pilihan -n
sebelumnya)
-H ikuti baris-perintah link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-f, --force ubah ijin untuk mengijinkan menulis jika diperlukan
-n, --iterations=N tulis N kali dari pada baku (%d)
--random-source=BERKAS peroleh random byte dari BERKAS
-s, --size=N shred sebanyak bytes ini (akhiran seperti K, M, G diterima)
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan seluruh pesan error
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
--reference=RFILE gunakan mode RFILE daripada nilai MODE
-R, --recursive ubah berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan hampir seluruh pesan error
--reference=RFILE gunakan RFILE grup daripada menspesifikasikan sebuah
nilai GRUP
-R, --rekursif beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan hampir seluruh pesan error
--reference=RFILE gunakan pemilik dan grup RFILE daripada
menspesifikasikan nilai PEMILIK:GRUP
-R, --recursive beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah pesan diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
-g seperti -l, tetapi jangan mendaftar pemilik
-g GID[,GID1...] juga menset ID grup utama ke GID numerik, dan
(jika dispesifikasikan) tambahkan ID grup ke GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort bandingkan menurut nilai numerik umum
-i, --ignore-nonprinting pertimbangkan hanya karakter yang bisa dicetak
-M, --month-sort bandingkan (tidak diketahui) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris header
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER nomor baris dinaikan di setiap baris
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER grup dari NOMOR baris kosong dihitung sebagai satu
-n, --number-format=FORMAT masukan nomor baris menurut FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber jangan reset nomor baris ke logikal halaman
-s, --number-separator=STRING tambahkan STRING sesudah (yang mungkin) nomor baris
-h, --header=HEADER
gunakan HEADER ditengah daripada nama berkas dalam halaman header,
-h "" mencetak sebuah baris kosong, jangan menggunakan -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
menggantikan spasi dengan CHAR (TAB) ke LEBAR tab (8)
-J, --join-lines gabungkan baris penuh, matikan -W line truncation, tidak ada kolom
penyesuaian, --sep-string[=STRING] set pemisah
-h, --human-numeric-sort bandingkan dengan angka yang mudah dibaca (seperti, 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference afek setiap link simbolik daripada referensi apapun
berkas (hanya berguna di sistem yang dapat merubah
kepemilikan dari link simbolik)
-h, --no-dereference afek setiap link simbolik daripada referensi apapun
berkas (hanya berguna di sistem yang dapat merubah
kepemilikan dari link simbolik)
-m ubah hanya waktu modifikasi
-i, --ignore-case abaikan perbedaan dalam case ketika membedakan fields
-j FIELD sama dengan ke `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT patuhi FORMAT ketika membuat baris keluaran
-t CHAR gunakan CHAR sebagai pemisah field masukan dan keluaran
-i, --initial jangan mengubah tabs setelah bukan kosong
-t, --tabs=NOMOR jangan tabs NOMOR karakter apart bukan 8
-i, --inodes daftar informasi inode daripada penggunaan blok
-k seperti --block-size=1K
-l, --local batasi daftar dari sistem berkas lokal
--no-sync jangan menjalankan sync sebelum memperoleh informasi penggunaan (default)
-i, --interactive prompt apakah akan menghapus tujuan
-L, --logical buat sambungan keras ke referensi sambungan simbolik
-n, --no-dereference perlakukan tujuan yang merupakan symlink ke sebuah
direktori sama seperti jika ini adalah sebuah berkas normal
-P, --physical buat sambungan keras secara langsung ke sambungan simbolik
-s, --symbolic buat link simbolik daripada link keras
-k seperti --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links hitung ukuran beberapa kali jika hard linked
-m seperti --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] awali sebuah kunci di POS1 (asal 1), akhiri di POS2
(default akhir dari baris)
-m, --merge gabungkan berkas yang sudah diurutkan, jangan urutkan
-l gunakan sebuah format daftar panjang
-L, --dereference ketika menampilkan informasi berkas untuk sebuah
link simbolik, tampilkan informasi untuk berkas referensi
link daripada untuk link itu sendiri
-m isi lebar dengan sebuah masukan yang dipisahkan dengan koma
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set panjang halaman ke PAGE_LENGTH (66) baris
(default jumlah baris dari text 56, dan dengan -F 63)
-m, --merge menampilkan seluruh berkas dalam paralel, satu di setiap kolom,
truncate baris, tetapi gabungkan baris dari lebar panjang lengkap dengan -J
-l, --link berkas link daripada menyalin
-L, --dereference selalu mengikuti link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-l, --login menampilkan proses sistem login
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen dari nama yang diberikan secara rekursif,
tanpa persyaratan di keberadaan komponen
-n, --no-newline jangan mengeluarkan akhiran baris baru
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent menekan hampir seluruh pesan error
-v, --verbose melaporkan pesan error
-m, --mode=MODE set ijin berkas bits ke MODE, bukan a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set mode berkas (seperti dalam chmod), bukan a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents tidak error jika sudah ada, buat direktori orang tua jika dibutuhkan
-v, --verbose tampilkan sebuah pesan untuk setiap direktori yang dibuat
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari setiap direktori
yang dibuat ke CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS gunakan spesifikasi jumlah dari digit daripada 2
-s, --quiet, --silent jangan menampilkan jumlah dari ukuran berkas keluaran
-z, --elide-empty-files hapus keluaran berkas kosong
-n, --lines=K keluarkan baris K terakhir, daripada terakhir %d;
atau gunakan -n +K ke baris keluaran dimulai dengan ke K
--max-unchanged-stats=N
dengan --follow=name, buka kembali sebuah BERKAS yang belum
berubah ukuran setelah N (default %d) iterasi
untuk melihat apakah ini telah tidak dilink atau diubah nama
(ini biasa untuk berkas log terotasi)
-n, --no-clobber jangan paksa menulis sebuah berkas telah ada
(memaksa pilihan -i sebelumnya)
-P, --no-dereference jangan ikuti link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-n, --numeric-sort bandingkan menurut nilai numerik string
-R, --random-sort urutkan berdasarkan random hash dari kunci
--random-source=BERKAS dapatkan random bytes dari BERKAS
-r, --reverse balik hasil dari komparasi
-n, --numeric-uid-gid seperti -l, tetapi mendaftar pengguna dan grup ID numerik
-N, --literal menampilkan nama masukan raw (jangan perlakukan e.g. kontrol
karakter spesial)
-o, seperti -l, tetapi tidak mendaftar informasi grup
-p, --indicator-style=slash
menambahkan / indikator ke direktori
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
jumlah baris, gunakan DIGITS (5) digits, kemudian SEP (TAB),
default jumlah dimulai dengan baris pertama dari berkas masukan
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
dihitung dimulai dengan NUMBER di baris pertama dari berkas
pertama yang ditampilkan (lihat +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
ofset setiap baris dengan MARGIN (nol) spasi, jangan
pengaruhi dengan -w atau -W, MARGIN akan ditambahkan ke PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
abaikan peringatan ketika sebuah berkas tidak dapat dibuka
-o, --output=FILE tulis hasil ke BERKAS daripada ke standar keluaran
-s, --stable seimbangkan pengurutan dengan menonaktifkan perbandingan terakhir
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE untuk buffer memori utama
-p sama seperti --preserve=mode,kepemilikan,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] jaga atribut yang dispesifikasikan (baku:
mode, kepemilikan,timestamps), jika memungkinkan
atribut tambahan: context, links, xattr
all
-p DIREKTORI gunakan DIREKTORI sebagai awalan; mengindikasikan -t [ditinggalkan]
-t interpretasikan TEMPLATE sebagai sebuah nama komponen berkas tunggal,
relatif ke sebuah direktori: $TMPDIR, jika diset; selain itu
direktori relatif melalui -p; selain itu /tmp [ditinggalkan]
-p, --parents hapus DIREKTORI dan pendahulunya. Contoh, `rmdir -p a/b/c' adalah
sama dengan `rmdir a/b/c a/b c'.
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah pesan diagnosis untuk setiap direktori yang diproses
-p, --preserve-timestamps jalankan akses/modifikasi waktu dari ASAL berkas
ke berkas tujuan berhubungan
-s, --strip strip tabel simbol
--strip-program=APLIKASI APLIKASI digunakan untuk strip binari
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override akhiran backup biasa
-t, --target-direktori=DIREKTORI salin seluruh argumen ASAL kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-direktory perlakukan DEST sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-v, --verbose menampilkan nama dari setiap direktori seperti telah dibuat
-q, --count seluruh nama login dan jumlah pengguna yang sedang memakai
-r, --runlevel menampilkan seluruh runlevel
-s, --short menampilkan hanya nama, baris, dan waktu (default)
-t, --time menampilkan terakhir waktu sistem berubah
-q, --hide-control-chars menampilkan ? daripada karakter bukan gambar
--show-control-chars menampilkan karakter bukan gambar seperti itu (default
kecuali aplikas adalah `ls' dan output adalah sebuah terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose nama masukan dalam tanda petik
--quoting-style-chars gunakan quoting style KATA untuk masukan nama:
literal, local, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent jangan menampilkan headers memberikan nama berkas
-v, --verbose selalu menampilkan header memberikan nama berkas
-r, --reference=FILE menampilkan modifikasi waktu terakhir dari FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 keluaran tanggal dan waktu di RFC 2822 format.
Contoh: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 +0700
-r, --reference=BERKAS gunakan ukuran BERKAS ini
-s, --size=SIZE gunakan UKURAN ini
-r, --reference=FILE gunakan waktu berkas ini daripada waktu sekarang
-t STAMP gunakan [[CCYY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] daripada waktu sekarang
--time=WORD ubah waktu yang dispesifikasikan:
WORD adalah akses, atime, atau use; sama dengan -a
WORD adalah modify atau mtime: sama dengan -m
-r, --references field pertama dari setiap baris adalah sebuah referensi
-t, --typeset-mode - tidak diimplementasikan -
-w, --width=NUMBER lebar keluaran dalam kolom, referensi diabaikan
-r, --reverse balik urutan ketika mengurutkan
-R, --recursive daftar subdirektori secara rekursif
-s, --size tampilkan ukuran dari setiap berkas yang dialokasikan, dalam blok
-s, --only-delimited jangan menampilkan baris tidak berisi pembatas
--output-delimiter=STRING gunakan STRING sebagai pembatas keluaran
sebagai default yang digunakan sebagai masukan delimiter
-s, --sinyal=SINYAL, -SINYAL
spesifikasikan nama atau nomor dari sinyal untuk dikirim
-l, --list daftar nama sinyal, atau ubah nama sinyal ke/dari nomor
-t, --table tampilkan sebuah tabel dari informasi sinyal
-s, --sleep-interval=N dengan -f, tidur untuk kira-kira N detik
(baku 1.0) diantara interasi.
-v, --verbose selalu mengeluarkan header diberikan nama berkas
-s, --symbolic-link buat link simbolik daripada menyalin
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX memaksa akhir backup biasa
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY salin seluruh argumen SUMBER kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan TUJUAN sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
pisahkan kolom dengan sebuah karakter tunggal, baku untuk CHAR
adalah karakter tanpa -w dan 'no char' dengan -w
-s[CHAR] mematikan pemotongan baris dari seluruh 3 kolom
pilihan (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) kecuali -w diset
-t urutkan sesuai dengan waktu modifikasi
-T, --tabsize=COLS asumsikan tab stops ada di setiap COLS daripada 8
-t sama dengan -vT
-T, --show-tabs tampilkan karakter TAB seperti ^I
-u (diabaikan)
-v, --show-nonprinting gunakan ^ dan M- notasi, kecuali untuk LFD dan TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP gunakan SEP daripada bukan-spase ke perubahan spasi
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR gunakan DIR untuk sementara, bukan $TMPDIR atau %s;
banyak pilihan menspesifikasikan banyak direktori
-u, --unique dengan -c, check untuk pengurutan;
tanpa -c, keluarkan hanya pertama dari sebuah jalan pertama
-t, --tabs=LIST gunakan daftar dipisahkan dengan koma dari posisi tab explicit
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentasi dari baris pertama berbeda dari detik
-u, --uniform-spacing satu spasi diantara words, dua setelah kalimat
-w, --width=WIDTH lebar baris maksimal (default 75 kolom)
-t, --target-directory=DIREKTORI pindahkan seluruh argumen SUMBER kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan TUJUAN sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-u, --update pindahkan hanya ketika berkas SUMBER adalah lebih baru
dari tujuan berkas atau ketika berkas tujuan
hilang
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
-t, --text baca dalam mode text (default jika membaca tty stdin)
-t, --text baca dalam mode text (default)
-u dengan -lt; urutkan dengan, dan tampilkan, waktu akses
dengan -l; tampilkan waktu akses dan urutkan dengan nama
jika tidak; urutkan dengan waktu akses
-U jangan urutkan; daftar masukan dalam urutan direktori
-v urutkan sesuai dengan versi
-u, --remove potong dan hapus berkas setelah di paksa tulis
-v, --verbose tampilkan perkembangan
-x, --exact jangan membulatkan ukuran berkas ke blok berikutnya;
ini adalah default untuk berkas tidak umum
-z, --zero tambahkan sebuah akhir paksa tulis dengan nol untuk menyembunyikan shredding
-u, --update salin hanya ketika berkas SUMBER lebih baru
daripada berkas tujuan atau ketika
berkas tujuan hilang
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
-x, --one-file-system tetap di sistem berkas ini
-u, --user=USER set user PENGGUNA dalam target konteks keamanan
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE dalam target konteks keamanan
-t, --type=TYPE set type TIPE dalam target konteks keamanan
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE dalam target konteks keamanan
-v, --kernel-version menampilkan versi dari kernel
-m, --machine menampilkan nama perangkat mesin
-p, --processor menampilkan tipe prosesor atau "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform menampilkan platform perangkat atau "unknown"
-o, --operating-system manampilkan sistem operasi
-v, --starting-line-number=NOMOR nomor baris pertama untuk setiap halaman logikal
-w, --number-width=NOMOR gunakan NOMOR kolom untuk setiap nomor baris
-w, --check-chars=N bandingkan tidak lebih dari N karakter dalam baris
-w, -width=COLS asumsikan lebar layar daripada nilai sekarang
-x daftar masukan dengan baris daripada dengan kolom
-X urutkan secara alphabet dengan ekstensi masukan
-X, --context tampilkan konteks keamanan SELinunx apapun untuk setiap berkas
-1 tampilkan sat berkas per baris
-x, --one-filesystem lewati direktori di sistem berkas berbeda
-X, --exclude-from=BERKAS Exclude berkas yang cocok dari pola apapun dalam BERKAS.
--exclude=POLA Exclude berkas yang cocok dengan POLA.
--max-depth=N menampilkan total untuk sebuah direktori (atau berkas, dengan --all)
hanya jika ini adalah N atau level lebih kecil dibawah perintah
argumen baris; --max-depth=0 sama seperti dalam
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated akhir baris dengan 0 byte, bukan baris baru
Proses dalam
sebuah keadaan tidur tidak dapat diinterupsi juga berkontribusi terhada beban kerja.
[:graph:] seluruh karakter yang bisa dicetak, tidak termasuk spasi
[:lower:] seluruh karakter huruf kecil
[:print:] seluruh karakter yang bisa dicetak, meliputi spasi
[:punct:] seluruh karakter punctuation
[:space:] seluruh horisontal dan vertikal spasi
[:upper:] seluruh huruf besar
[:xdigit:] seluruh angkat heksadesimal
[=CHAR=] seluruh karakter yang sama dengan CHAR
\ONNN byte dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampai 3 digit)
\xHH byte dengan nilai heksadesimal HH (1 sampai 2 digit)
\NNN karakter dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampai 3 digit)
\xHH byte dengan nila heksadesimal HH (1 sampai 2 bilangan)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) karakter dengan nilai heksadesimal HHHH (4 bilangan)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode karakter dengan nilai heksadesimal HHHHHHHH (8 bilangan)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c tidak menghasilkan keluaran
\e escape
\f form feed
\n baris baru
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertikal tab
\v vertikal tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 seluruh karakter dari CHAR1 ke CHAR2 dalam urutan meningkat
[CHAR*] dalam SET2, salin CHAR sampai panjang dari SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] ULANG salinan dari CHAR, ULANG oktal jika dimulai dengan 0
[:alnum:] seluruh huruf dan angka
[:alpha:] seluruh huruf
[:blank:] seluruh horisontal spasi
[:cntrl:] seluruh karakter pengontrol
[:digit:] seluruh digit
ascii dari EBCDIC ke ASCII
ebcdic dari ASCII ke EBCDIC
ibm dari ASCII ke alternative EBCDIC
block pad akhiran baris baru disimpan dengan spasi ke ukuran cbs
unblock menimpa akhiran spasi dalam ukuran cbs simpanan dengan baris baru
lcase ubah huruf besar ke huruf kecil
binary gunakan binary I/O untuk data
cio gunakan I/O bersamaan untuk data
d[SIZE] signed desimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] oktal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned desimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadesimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct gunakan I/O langsung untuk data
direktori gagal kecuali sebuah direktori
dsync gunakan I/O tersinkron untuk data
fullblock akumulasikan blok penuh dari masukan (hanya iflag)
if=FILE baca dari BERKAS daripada dari stdin
iflag=FLAGS baca sebagai daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
obs=BYTES tulis BYTES byte dalam satu waktu
of=BERKAS tulis ke BERKAS daripada ke stdout
oflag=FLAGS tulis sebagai daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
seek=BLOK lewati BLOK sebesar obs blok di awal dari keluaran
skip=BLOK lewati BLOK sebesar ibs blok di awal dari masukan
status=noxfer tekan statistik transfer
noatime jangan perbaharui waktu akses
nocreat jangan buat berkas keluaran
excl gagal jika berkas keluaran telah ada
notrunc jangan truncate berkas keluaran
ucase ubah huruf kecil ke huruf besar
swab swap setiap pasangan dari byte masukan
noctty jangan assign pengontrol terminal dari berkas
noerror melanjutkan setelah pembacaan error
sync pad setiap masukan blok dengan NUL ke ukuran ibs; ketika digunakan
dengan blok atau unblok, pad dengan spasi daripada dengan NUL
fdatasync secara fisik tulis berkas keluaran data sebelum selesai
fsync sama seperti, tetapi juga tulis metadata
nofollow jangan ikuti symlinks
nolinks gagal jika multiply-linked
nonblock gunakan I/O non-blok
none, off tidak pernah membuat backup (walaupun jika --backup diberikan)
numbered, t buat backup bernomor
existing, nil bernomor jika backup bernomor ada, simple jika tidak
simple, never selalu membuat backup sederhana
sync sama seperti itu, tetapi juga untuk metadata
text gunakan teks I/O untuk data
%4s-blok Isi Sisa Isi%% %H:%M%P %s-blok Isi Sisa Kapasita (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho karakter pengontrol echo dalam notasi top (`^c')
[-]echo echo karakter masukan
* [-]echoctl sama seperti [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe sama seperti [-]crterase
[-]echok echo sebuah baris baru sesudah karakter hapus
* [-]echoke sama seperti [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo baris baru meskipun jika tidak mengecho karakter lain
* [-]echoprt echo karakter hapus backward, diantara `\' dan `/'
[-]icanon aktifkan erase, kill, werase, dan rprnt karakter spesial
[-]iexten aktifkan karakter spesial non-POSIX
* [-]iuclc tranlasikan karakter huruf besar ke huruf kecil
* [-]ixany biarkan karakter apapun mengulang keluaran, tidak hanya karakter awal
[-]ixoff aktifkan pengiriman karakter start/stop
[-]ixon aktifkan pengontrol arus XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk tandai parity error (dengan sebuah urutan 255-0-karakter)
[-]tandem sama seperti [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 asumsikan karakter masukan adalah terenkode dalam UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl translasikan carriage return ke baris baru
* [-]ofdel gunakan karakter del untuk mengisi daripada karakter kosong
* [-]ofill gunakan isi (tambah) karakter daripada pewaktu untuk delay
* [-]olcuc translasikan karakter huruf kecil ke huruf besar
* [-]onlcr translasikan baris baru ke carriage return-baris baru
* [-]onlret baris baru menperformasikan sebuah carriage return
* [-]onocr jangan menampilkan carriage return dalam kolom pertama
[-]opost postprocess keluaran
* tabN gaya horisontal tab delay, N dalam [0..3]
* tabs sama seperti tab0
* -tabs sama seperti tab3
* vtN gaya vertikal tab delay, N dalam [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR CHAR alternatif untuk akhir dari baris
erase CHAR CHAR akan menghapus akhir dari karakter terakhir yang diketik
intr CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sinyal interupsi
kill CHAR CHAR akan menghapus baris sekarang
* lnext CHAR CHAR akan memasukan karakter berikutnya quoted
quit CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti
* rprnt CHAR CHAR akan menggambar ulang baris sekarang
start CHAR CHAR akan mengulang keluaran setelah menyetopnya
* rows N beritahu kernel bahwa terminal memiliki N baris
* size tampilkan jumlah dari baris dan kolom menurut yang ada di kernel
speed tampilkan kecepatan terminal
time N Dengan -icanon, set timeout baca untuk N persepuluh dari detik
??:???? Dipasang di
TTY konteks=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= lama repetisi di %s
% 1% dari memori, b 1, K 1024 (default), dan seterusnya untuk M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
*** PERINGATAN ***
Lokal yang dispesifikasikan oleh lingkungan berefek ke cara pengurutan.
Set LC_ALL=C untuk memperoleh cara pengurutan tradisional yang menggunakan
nilai byte asli.
%.*s: spesifikasi konversi tidak valid %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu pengguna %lu pengguna %s %s (untuk regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] berakhir secara tidak normal %s dan %s adalah berkas yang sama %s ada tetapi bukan sebuah direktori %s telah muncul; mengikuti akhir dari berkas baru %s telah menjadi dapat diakses %s telah menjadi tidak dapat diakses %s telah digantikan dengan sebuah berkas 'remote'; menyerah untuk nama ini %s telah diganti dengan berkas yang tidak dapat ditail; menyerah untuk nama ini %s telah diganti; mengikuti akhir dari berkas baru %s memiliki tipe berkas tidak diketahui %s adalah tidak berguna, kelihatannya memiliki ukuran negatif %s halaman rumah: <%s>
%s halaman rumah:
%s bukan sebuah valid positif integer %s terlalu besar %s mungkin hanya bisa digunakan dalam kernel SELinux %s telah dispesifikasikan tetapi %s belum %s%s argumen `%s' terlalu besar %s: %s terlalu besar yang ini tidak direpresentasikan %s: %s: nomor baris hilang dari jangkauan %s: %s: cocok tidak ditemukan %s: %s:%s: tidak terurut: %s: GAGAL membuka atau membaca
%s: Tidak ada pengguna seperti itu %s: `}' dibutuhkan dalam jumlah berulang %s: operator binary diharapkan %s: dapat membuat relative link simbolik hanya dalam direktori sekarang %s: tidak dapat mengubah mode nonblocking %s: tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk ID pengguna %lu
%s: tidak dapat mengikuti akhir dari berkas tipe ini; menyerah di nama ini %s: tidak dapat lseek ke posisi original %s: tidak dapat overwrite direktori %s: gagal rewind %s: tidak dapat mencari %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset akhir-relatif %s %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset %s %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset relatif %s %s: tidak dapat menshred tambah-saja berkas deskripsi %s: tidak dapat melewati %s: tidak dapat melewati ofset yang dispesifikasikan %s: menutup delimiter `%c' hilang %s: tidak dapat mereset mode non-blocking %s: berlanjut ke direktori %s? %s: descend ke write-protected direktori %s? %s: akhir dari berkas %s: kelas operand ekuivalen operand harus berupa karakter tunggal %s: error memotong %s: error menulis di ofset %s %s: diperkirakan sebuah nilai numerik %s: gagal untuk menutup %s: gagal untuk membuka untuk menulis %s: gagal untuk menghapus %s: fcntl gagal %s: fdatasync gagal %s: berkas memilik ukuran negatif %s: berkas telah mengecil terlalu banyak %s: berkas terlalu besar %s: berkas terlalu panjang %s: berkas terpotong %s: fstat gagal %s: fsync gagal %s: link keras tidak diijinkan untuk direktori %s: masukan berisi sebuah loop: %s: masukan berisi sebuah angka ganjil dari tokens %s: berkas masukan adalah berkas keluaran %s: integer diperkirakan setelah delimiter %s: PID tidak valid %s: jumlah tidak valid di awal dari %s %s: direktif tidak valid %s: spesifikasi field %s tidak valid %s: ukuran berkas tidak valid %s: tipe berkas tidak valid %s: jumlah maksimal dari statistik tidak diubah tidak valid diantar buka %s: nomor tidak valid %s: jumlah dari bytes tidak valid %s: jumlah dari baris tidak valid %s: jumlah tahap tidak valid %s: jumlah detik tidak valid %s: nomor tidak valid diabaikan %s: pilihan tidak valid -- '%c'
%s: pola tidak valid %s: proses id tidak valid %s: ekspresi regular tidak valid: %s %s: sinyal tidak valid %s: panjang akhiran tidak valid %s: nomor baris harus lebih besar dari nol %s: nomor baris hilang dari jangkauan %s: lseek gagal %s: multiple sinyal dispesifikasikan %s: ijin baru adalah %s, bukan %s %s: tidak ada baris checksum %s yang di format secara benar ditemukan %s: tidak ada informasi ukuran untuk perangkat ini %s: tidak mendaftar direktori yang sudah terdaftar %s: jumlah dari byte terlalu besar %s: pilihan '%c%s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '%s' adalah ambigu
%s: pilihan '--%s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '-W %s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '-W %s' adalah ambigu
%s: pilihan membutuhkan sebuah argumen -- '%c'
%s: menimpa %s? %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: error membaca %s: menghapus %s %s? %s: hapus seluruh argumen rekursif? %s: hapus seluruh argumen? %s: menghapus write-protected %s %s? %s: dihapus %s: menghapus %s: diubah namanya menjadi %s %s: menimpa %s? %s: gagal mencari %s: terlalu banyak baris checksum %s: mencoba untuk menulis %s, mengoveride mode %04lo (%s)? %s: tidak dapat menentukan panjang nama berkas maksimal %s: tidak dapat melakukan seluruh operasi yang diminta %s: operator unary diharapkan %s: pilihan tidak dikenal '%c%s'
%s: pilihan tidak dikenal '--%s'
%s: nilai tidak secara lengkap diubah %s: tulis error %s:%lu: baris tidak valid; hilang token kedua %s:%lu: nama berkas panjang-nol tidak valid %s:%lu: keyword tidak dikenal %s %s}: integer dibutuhkan diantara `{' dan `}' ' ')' diharapkan ')' diharapkan, ditemukan %s (C) * sistem berkas yang disimpan di lokasi sementara, seperti di NFS
versi 3 klien
* sistem berkas terkompres
* berstruktur-log atau sistem berkas terjurnal, seperti yang disupply dengan
AIX dan Solaris (dan JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, dan lain sebagainya.)
* sistem berkas yang menulis data secara redundancy dan membawa bahkan jika beberapa tulis
gagal, seperti dalam sistem berkas berbasis RAID
* sistem berkas yang membuat snapshot, seperti dalam Network Appliance NFS server
, beban rata-rata: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argumen %s terlalu besar --context (-Z) hanya bekerja di kernel dengan SELinux-aktif --reflink hanya dapat digunakan dengan --sparse=auto -R --dereference membutuhkan baik -H atau -L -R -h membutuhkan -P -ef tidak menerima -l -nt tidak menerima -l -ot tidak menerima -l ???
????? Batalkan Alamat untuk hostname tidak dilayani Jam alarm Semua argumen ke pilihan panjang adalah wajib untuk pilihan pendek.
Semua permintaan selesai Argumen buffer terlalu kecil Arnold Robbins Panggilan sistem buruk Nilai buruk untuk ai_flags Brian Fox Pipa rusak Bus error PERHATIAN: Catat shred bergantung di asumsi sangat penting:
bahwa sistem berkas memaksa tulis data di tempat. Ini adalah cara
tradisional untuk melakukan itu, tetapi banyak rancangan sistem berkas modern tidak memenuhi asumsi
ini. Contoh berikut dari sistem berkas dimana shred
tidak efektif, atau tidak digaransi untuk efektif di seluruh mode sistem berkas:
KOMENTAR batas waktu CPU dilewati Panggil fungsi link untuk membuat sebuah link bernama BERKAS2 ke sebuah BERKAS1 yang telah ada.
Panggil fungsi unlink untuk menghapus BERKAS yang dispesifikasikan.
Ubah efektif id pengguna dan id grup ke PENGGUNA.
-, -l, --login buat shell sebagai sebuah login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND lewatkan sebuah PERINTAH tunggak ke shell dengan -c
-f, --fast lewatkan -f ke shell (untuk csh dan tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment jangan mereset variabel lingkungan
-p sama seperti -m
-s, --shell=SHELL jalankan SHELL jika /etc/shells membolehkannya
Ubah grup dari setiap BERKAS ke GRUP.
Dengan --reference, ubah grup dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-c, --changes seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada perubahan yang dilakukan
--dereference affek referensi untuk setiap link simbolik (ini
default), daripada link simbolik itu sendiri
Ubah mode dari setiap BERKAS ke MODE.
-c, --ubag seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada perubahan terjadi
Ubah pemilik dan/atau grup dari setiap BERKAS ke PEMILIK dan/atau GRUP.
Dengan --reference, ubah pemilik dan grup dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-c, --changes seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada sebuah perubahan terjadi
--dereference afek referensi dari setiap link simbolik (ini adalah
default), daripada link simbolik itu sendiri
Ubah konteks keamanan dari setiap BERKAS ke KONTEKS.
Dengan --reference, ubah konteks keamanan dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference mempengaruhi sambungan simbolik daripada referensi ke berkas apapun
Chet Ramey Anak keluar Colin Plumb Bandingkan berkas terurut BERKAS1 dan BERKAS2 baris demi baris.
Concatenate BERKAS, atau masukan standar, atau keluaran standar.
-A, --show-all sama dengan -vET
-b, --number-nonblank jumlah baris keluaran tidak kosong
-e sama dengan -vE
-E, --show-ends tampilkan $ diakhir setiap baris
-n, --number nomori seluruh baris keluaran
-s, --squeeze-blank tekan baris keluaran kosong yang berulang
Dilanjutkan Mengubah blank dalam setiap BERKAS ke tabs, menulis ke standar keluaran.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Mengubah tabs di setiap BERKAS ke spasi, menulis ke standard keluaran.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Salin SUMBER ke TUJUAN, atau multiple SUMBER ke DIREKTORI.
Salin sebuah berkas, ubah dan format menurut operand.
bs=BYTES baca dan tulis BYTES bytes di satu waktu (lihat juga ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES ubah BYTES bytes di satu waktu
conv=CONVS ubah file seperti dalam daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
count=BLOCKS salin hanya BLOK input blok
ibs=BYTES baca BYTES byte dalam satu waktu
Salin standar masukan untuk setiap BERKAS, dan juga standar keluaran.
-a, --append tambahkan ke BERKAS yang diberikan, jangan ditulis
-i, --ignore-interrupts abaikan sinyal interupsi
Buat sebuah berkas atau direktori sementara, secara aman, dan tampilkan namanya.
TEMPLATE harus berisi paling tidak 3 'X' berurutan dalam komponen terakhir.
Jika TEMPLATE tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan tmp.XXXXXXXXXXX.
Buat pipe bernama (FIFO) dengan NAMA yang diberikan.
Membuat DIREKTORI, jika mereka tidak sudah ada.
Buat sebuah berkas spesial NAMA dengan TIPE yang diberikan.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnosa tidak valid atau nama berkas tidak portabel.
-p periksa untuk kebanyakan sistem POSIX
-P periksa untuk nama kosong dan diawali dengan "-"
--portability periksa untuk seluruh sistem POSIX (sama dengan -p -P)
Direktori: Menampilkan berkas atau sistem berkas status.
-L, --dereference ikuti links
-f, --file-system tampilkan status sistem berkas dari pada status berkas
Menampilkan waktu sekarang dalam FORMAT yang diberikan, atau menset waktu sistem.
-d, --date=STRING menampilkan waktu dijelaskan oleh STIRNG, bukan `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE seperti --date sekali untuk setiap baris dari DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Tinggalkan grup tambahan apapun, asumsikan ID pengguna dan ID grup dari yang dispesifikasikan
PENGGUNA (ID numerik atau nama pengguna), dan jalankan PERINTAH dengan spesifikasi ARGUMEN.
Keluar dengan status 111 jika tidak dapat mengasumsikan ID pengguna dan grup yang dibutuhkan.
Jika tidak, keluar dengan status keluar dari PERINTAH.
Aplikasi ini hanya berguna ketika dijalankan oleh root (ID pengguna nol).
jebakan EMT KELUAR Setiap jangkauan adalah satu dari:
N byte, karakter atau field ke N, dihitung dari 1
N- dari byte, karakter atau field ke N, ke akhir dari baris
N-M dari N ke M (termasuk) byte, karakter atau field
-M dari pertama ke M (termasuk) byte, karakter atau field
Echo STRING ke keluaran standar.
-n jangan mengeluarkan akhiran baris baru
Eric Blake Keluar dengan sebuah kode status yang mengindikasikan gagal. Keluar dengan sebuah kode status yang mengindikasikan sukses. Keluar dengan status ditentukan oleh EKSPRESI.
François Pinard GAGAL BETULKAN AKU: tidak diketahui FORMAT lebih sesuai untuk pencetakan sebuah argumen dari tipe `double';
ini default ke %.PRECf jika PERTAMA, PENINGKATAN, dan TERAKHIR seluruhnya
bilangan bulat desimal dengam maksimal presisi PREC, dan sampai %g jika tidak.
FIFO tidak memiliki nomor perangkat major dan minor. Batas ukuran berkas dilewati Sistem Berkas Sistem Berkas Tipe Penyaring selanjutnya mencocokan baris dari MASUKAN (atau standar masukan),
menulis ke KELUARAN (atau standar keluaran).
Dengan tidak menggunakan pilihan, baris yang cocok digabungkan ke pertemuan pertama.
Eksepsi titik pecahan Untuk dokumentasi lengkap, jalankan: info coreutils '%s pemanggilan'
Untuk setiap pasang dari baris masukan dengan join field yang identik, tulis sebuah baris ke
standar keluaran. Default join field adalah pertama, dipisahkan
dengan spasi. Ketika FILE1 atau FILE2 (bukan keduanya) adalah -, baca standar masukan.
-a FILENUM menampilkan unpairable baris datang dari berkas FILENUM, dimana
FILENUM adalah 1 atau 2, sesuai dengan FILE1 atau FILE2
-e EMPTY menggantikan field masukan yang hilang dengan EMPTY
Paksa perubahan block ke disk, update super blok.
Bantuan umum menggunakan aplikasi GNU:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Putus I/O memungkinkan IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s sebagai BERKAS adalah umum.
Instruksi tidak legal Sebagai tambahan, sistem berkas backup dan remote mirror mungkin berisi salinan
dari berkas yang tidak dapat dihapus, dan itu mungkin memungkinkan sebuah berkas yang tershred untuk
diselamatkan nanti.
Dalam kehidupan nyata: Dalam bentuk pertama, buat sebuah link ke TARGET dengan nama LINK_NAME.
Dalam bentuk kedua, buat sebuah link ke TARGET di direktori sekarang.
Dalam bentuk ketiga dan keempat, buat link ke setiap TARGET dalam DIREKTORI.
Buat link keras secara default, link simbolik dengan --symbolic.
Ketika membuat link keras, setiap TARGET harus ada. Link simbolik
diinterpretasikan dalam hubungan dengan direktori atasnya.
Dalam kasus sistem berkas ext3, disclaimer diatas berjalan
(dan shred juga terbatas efektivitasnya) hanya dalam mode data=journal,
yang berkas data jurnal dalam tambahan daripada hanya metadata. Dalam keduanya
data=ordered (default) dan mode data=writeback, shred bekerja seperti biasa.
Mode jurnal ext3 dapat diubah dengan menambahkan pilihan data=sesuatu
ke pilihan mount untuk sistem berkas yang bersangkutan di berkas /etc/fstab,
seperti yang terdokumentasi dalam halaman manual mount (man mount).
Tak terhingga B Permintaan informasi Interupsi Interupsi oleh sebuah sinyal Referensi kembali tidak valid Nama kelas karakter tidak valid Karakter kolasi tidak valid Isi dari \{\} tidak valid Ekspresi regular awal tidak valid Jangkauan akhir tidak valid Ekspresi regular tidak valid James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Terbunuh BARIS LOGIN Daftar informasi mengenai BERKAS (direktori sekarang secara default).
Urutkan masukan secara alphabet jika tidak ada dari -cftuvSUX atau --sort.
Login Nama login: Argumen wajib untuk pilihan panjang adalah wajib untuk pilihan pendek juga.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Gagal mengalokasikan memori Kehabisan memori Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAMA Nama Nama atau layanan tidak diketahui Tidak ada alamat yang berasosiasi dengan hostname Tidak cocok Tidak ada ekspresi regular sebelumnya Gagal tidak dapat diperbaiki dalam resolusi nama OK Hanya satu string yang boleh diberikan ketika menghapus tanpa squeezing pengulangan. --string tanpa sebuah nomor mengindikasikan 3. --width tanpa sebuah nomor
mengindikasikan 32. Secara default, od menggunakan -A o -t oS -w16.
Pilihan pengurutan:
Pilihan lain:
Keluarkan sebuah index yang termutasi, termasuk konteks, dari kata dalam berkas masukan.
Keluarkan perintah untuk menset LS_COLORS variabel lingkungan.
Tentukan format dari keluaran:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell keluarkan Bourne shell kode untuk menset LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell keluarkan C shell kode untuk menset LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database keluarkan default
Keluarkan fixed-size pieces dari MASUKAN ke AWALAHaa, AWALANab, ...; default
ukuran adalah 1000 baris, dan default PREFIX adalah `x'. Tanpa MASUKAN, atau ketika MASUKAN
adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Mengeluarkan bagian dari BERKAS dipisahkan dengan POLA ke berkas `xx00', `xx01', ...,
dan jumlah keluaran byte dari setiap potongan ke keluaran standar.
Keluarkan batas ketergantungan platform dalam sebuah formay yang berguna untuk shell scripts.
Keluarkan yang sedang dilog dalam BERKAS yang berhubung.
Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s sebagai BERKAS adalah umum.
Overwrite BERKAS yang dispesifikasikan secara berulang, dengan tujuan untuk membuatnya susah
untuk bahkan perangkat mahal probing untuk menyelematkan data.
PID Dipaket oleh %s
Dipaket oleh %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate atau columnate BERKAS untuk dicetak.
Parameter string tidak secara benar dikodekan Kata sandi: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Rencana:
Kegagalan penyuplai listrik Akhir dari ekspresi regular prematur Menampilkan ARGUMEN menurut FORMAT, atau menjalankan menurut PILIHAN:
Tampilkan checksum CRC dan jumlah byte dari setiap BERKAS
Tampilkan NAMA dengan komponen awal direktori dihilangkan.
Jika dispesifikasikan, juga hapus sebuah akhiran SUFFIX.
Menampilkan NAMA dengan akhirannya / komponen dihapus; jika NAMA berisi tidak/,
keluar `.' (berarti direktori sekarang).
Tampilkan beberapa sistem informasi. Tanpa PILIHAN, sama seperti -s.
-a, --all menampilkan seluruh informasi, dalam urutan berikut,
kecuali mengabaikan -p dan -i jika tidak diketahui:
-s, --kernel-name menampilkan nama kernel
-n, --nodename menampilkan network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release menampilkan release kernel
Tampilkan checksum dan jumlah blok untuk setiap BERKAS.
-r gunakan algoritma sum BSD, gunakan 1K blok
-s, --sysv gunakan System V algoritma sum, gunakan 512 bytes blok
Tampilkan keanggotaan grup untuk setiap NAMA PENGGUNA atau, jika tidak ada NAMA pengguna yang dispesifikasikan,
proses sekarang (yang berbeda jika database grup telah berubah).
Menampilkan informasi mengenai pengguna yang saat ini sedang logged in.
Menampilkan arsitektur mesin.
Menampilkan nomor dari PERTAMA hingga TERAKHIR, dalam langkah dari PENINGKATAN.
-f, --format=FORMAT gunakan gaya sprintf floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING gunakan STRING untuk memisahkan nomor (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width samakan lebar dengan menambahkan dengan awalan nol
Tampilkan atau ubah karakteristik terminal.
-a, --all tampilkan seluruh konfigurasi sekarang dalam format yang mudah dibaca
-g, --save tampilkan seluruh konfigurasi sekarang dalam format yang bisa dibaca stty
-F, --file=DEVICE buka dan gunakan PERANGKAT yang dispesifikasikan daripada stdin
Tampilkan bagian dari baris yang dipilih dari setiap BERKAS ke keluaran standar.
Menampilkan waktu sekarang, lama sistem telah hidup,
jumlah pengguna dari sistem, dan jumlah rata-rata pekerjaan
dalam antrian pekerjaan lebih dari terakhir 1, 5 dan 15 menit. Tampilkan nama berkas dari terminal yang terhubung ke standar masukan.
-s, --silent, --quiet tampilkan kosong, hanya mengembalikan sebuah status keluar
Tampilkan 10 baris pertama dari setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS, awali setiap dengan sebuah header memberikan nama berkas.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tampilkan nama berkas lengkap dari direktori kerja sekarang.
Tampilkan akhir %d baris dari setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS, awali setiap dengan sebuah header memberikan nama berkas.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Menampilkan nama dari pengguna sekarang.
Tampilkan jumlah satuan pemrosesan yang tersedia di proses saat ini,
yang mungkin lebih kecil dari jumlah prosesor online
Menampilkan faktor prima dari seluruh NOMOR integer yang dispesifikasikan. Jika tidak ada argumen
yang dispesifikasikan dalam baris perintah, mereka dibaca dari standar masukan.
Menampilkan nama pengguna berasosiasi dengan ID pengguna efektif sekarang.
Sama seperti id -un.
Tampilkan informasi pengguna dan grup untuk NAMA PENGGUNA yang dispesifikasikan.
atau (ketika NAMA PENGGUNA diabaikan) untuk pengguna sekarang.
-a abaikan, untuk kompabilitas dengan versi lain
-Z, --context tampilkan hanya konteks keamanan dari pengguna sekarang
-g, --group tampilkan hanya efektif grup ID
-G, --groups tampilkan seluruh grup ID
-n, --name tampilkan sebuah nama daripada sebuah nomor, untuk -ugG
-r, --real tampilkan real ID daripada efektif ID, dengan -ugG
-u, --user tampilkan hanya efektif ID pengguna
Tampilkan nilai dari sebuah link atau kanonikal nama berkas
Permintaan pemrosesan dalam perkembangan Pewaktu profiling habis Projek: Q. Frank Xia Berhenti Randy Smith Sinyal waktu-nyata %d Reformat setiap paragrap dalam BERKAS, tulis ke standar keluaran.
Pilihan -WIDTH adalah kependekan dari bentuk --width=DIGITS.
Ekspresi regular terlalu besar Hapus (unlink) BERKAS.
-f, --force abaikan berkas yang tidak ada, jangan menanyakan
-i tanya setiap akan menghapus
Hapus DIREKTORI, jika mereka kosong.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
abaikan setiap kegagalan yang hanya disebabkan oleh sebuah
direktori yang tidak kosong
Mengubah nama SUMBER menjadi TUJUAN, atau memindahkan SUMBER ke DIREKTORI.
Secara berulang mengeluarkan sebuah baris dengan seluruh spesifikasi STRING, atau `y'.
Laporkan %s bugs ke: %s
Laporkan %s bugs terjemahan ke
Permintaan dibatalkan Permintaan tidak dibatalkan Kehilangan sumber daya Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Jalankan PERINTAH dengan niceness yang telah disesuaikan, yang berpengaruh ke penjadwalan proses.
Dengan tidak ada PERINTAH, menampilkan niceness sekarang. niceness berada di antara
%d (yang paling disukai dalam penjadwalan) ke %d (paling tidak disukai).
-n, --adjustment=N tambahkan integer N ke niceness (default 10)
Jalankan PERINTAH dengan direktori root set ke NEWROOT.
Jalankan PERINTAH, mengabaikan sinyal hangup.
Jalankan PERINTAH, dengan operasi penyanggaan yang dimodifikasi untuk aliran standar.
Jalankan sebuah aplikasi dalah konteks keamanan yang berbeda.
Dengan tidak menggunakan KONTEKS atau PERINTAH, tampilkan konteks keamanan sekarang.
CONTEXT Lengkapi konteks keamanan
-c, --compute hitung proses transisi konteks sebelum memodifikasinya
-t, --type=TIPE TIPE (untuk beberapa peran yang sama dengan orang tua)
-u, --user=USER identitas pengguna
-r, --role=ROLE peran
-l, --range=RANGE tingkatjangkauan
Russel Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Kesalahan segmentasi Mengirim sinyal ke proses, atau daftar sinyal.
Servname tidak dilayani untuk ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' untuk memperbaiki masalah. Set setiap NAMA ke NILAI dalam lingkungan dan jalankan PERINTAH.
-i, --ignore-environment awali dengan sebuah environment kosong
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-u, --unset=NAMA hapus variabel dari environment
Shell: Menampilkan informasi mengenai sistem berkas dimana setiap BERKAS berada,
atau seluruh sistem berkas dengan default.
Kecilkan atau lebarkan ukuran dari setiap BERKAS ke ukuran yang dispesifikasikan
Sebuah argumen BERKAS yang tidak ada dibuat.
Jika sebuah BERKAS lebih besar dari ukuran yang dispesifikasikan, ekstra data hilang.
Jika sebuah BERKAS lebih kecil, ini ditambahkan dan bagian tambahan (lubang)
dibaca sebagai byte nol.
Simon Josefsson Berkas spesial membutuhkan nomor perangkat major dan minor. Kegagalan stack Dihentikan Terhenti (sinyal) Terhenti (masukan tty) Terhenti (keluaran tty) Stuart Kemp Sukses Ringkas penggunaan disk dari setiap BERKAS, secara rekursif untuk direktori.
Sistem error WAKTU Kegagalan sementara dalam resolusi nama Terminasi Flag opsional berikut boleh diikuti `%':
- (hyphen) jangan pad field
_ (garis bawah) pada dengan spasi
0 (nol) pad dengan nol
^ gunakan huruf besar jika mungkin
# gunakan kasus sebalik jika mungkin
Pilihan berikut memodifikasi bagaimana sebuah hierarki ditelusuri ketika
pilihan -R juga dispesifikasikan. Jika lebih dari satu dispesifikasikan, hanya
yang terakhir yang memiliki efek.
-H jika sebuah argumen baris perintah adalah sebuah link simbolik
ke sebuah direktori, telusuri itu
-L telusuri ke seluruh link simbolik ke sebuah direktori
yang ditemui
-P jangan menelusuri link simbolik apapun (default)
String yang dibandingkan adalah %s dan %s. Torbjorn Granlund Jejak/titik-balik perangkap Tambahan backslash Translasikan, squeeze, dan/atau hapus karakter dari standar masukan,
tulis ke standar keluaran.
-c, -C, --complement komplemen pertama SET1
-d, --delete hapus karakter dalam SET1, jangan translasikan
-s, --squeeze-repeats ganti setiap urutan masukan dari sebuah karakter berulang
yang terdaftar dalam SET1 dengan sebuah sekali occurence
dari karakter itu
-t, --truncate-set1 pertama potong SET1 ke panjang dari SET2
Coba `%s --help' untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
Coba `%s ./%s' untuk menghapus berkas %s.
Dua string yang boleh diberikan ketika menghapus tanpa squeezing pengulangan. Dua string mungkin diberikan ketika menerjemahkan. Ulrich Drepper Error tidak diketahui Sinyal %d tidak diketahui System error tidak diketahui Tidak cocok ( atau \( Tidak cocok ) atau \) Tidak cocok [ atau [^ Tidak cocok \{ Perbarui waktu akses dan modifikasi dari setiap BERKAS ke waktu sekarang.
Sebuah argumen BERKAS yang tidak ada dibuat kosong, kecuali -c atau -h
diberikan.
Sebuah argumen string BERKAS dari - ditangani secara spesial dan menyebabkan touch untuk
mengubah waktu dari berkas yang berasosiasi dengan standar keluaran.
Kondisi penting I/O Penggunaan: %s
Penggunaan: %s PERINTAH [ARG]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s CONTEXT PERINTAH [args]
atau: %s [ -c ] [-u PENGGUNA] [-r PERAN] [-t TIPE] [-l JANGKAUAN] PERINTAH [args]
Penggunaan: %s EKSPRESI
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s BERKAS
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s BERKAS1 BERKAS2
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s FORMAT [ARGUMEN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NAMA
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NAMA [AKHIRAN]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NOMOR[AKHIRAN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Berhenti untuk NOMOR detik. AKHIRAN mungkin `s'untuk detik (default),
`m' untuk menit, `h' untuk jam atau `d' untuk hari. Tidak seperti kebanyakan implementasi
yang membutuhkan NOMOR sebagai sebuah integer, disini NOMOR mungkin bilangan
pecahan apapun. Diberikan dua atau lebih argumen, berhenti untuk jumlah waktu
yang dispesifikasikan oleh jumlah dari nilainya.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... PERINTAH
Penggunaan: %s PILIHAN... BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s PILIHAN... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [KONFIGURASI]...
atau: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [-a|-all]
atau: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [-g|--save]
Penggunaan: %s [-WIDTH] [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [-s SINYAL | -SINYAL] PID...
atau: %s -l [SINYAL]...
atau: %s -t [SINYAL]...
Penggunaan: %s [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [NAMA]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Menampilkan atau menset nama host dari sistem sekarang.
Penggunaan: %s [NOMOR]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [OPERAND]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]
Tampilkan pengindentifikasi numerik (dalam heksa desimal) untuk host sekarang.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] NEWROOT [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [BERKAS]
Tulis total daftar terurut konsisten dengan pengurutan partial dalam BERKAS.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS KONTEKS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... [-u PENGGUNA] [-r ROLE] [-l JANGKAUAN] [-t TIPE] BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... DIREKTORI...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS POLA...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS1 BERKAS2
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS GRUP...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... TERAKHIR
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... PERTAMA TERAKHIR
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... PERTAMA PENINGKATAN TERAKHIR
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... MODE[,MODE]... BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... MODE-OKTAL BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... NAMA TIPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... NAMA...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... SET1 [SET2]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [ BERKAS | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [+FORMAT]
atau: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] SUMBER TUJUAN
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... SUMBER... DIREKTORI
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI SUMBER...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] ASAL TUJUAN
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... ASAL... DIREKTORI
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI ASAL...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -d DIREKTORI...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (bentuk pertama)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... TARGET (bentuk kedua)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... TARGET... DIREKTORI (bentuk ketiga)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI TARGET...(bentuk keempat)
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-] [NAMA=NILAI]... [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-] [PENGGUNA [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]
atau: %s -e [PILIHAN]... [ARG]...
atau: %s -i LO-HI [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [BERKAS]
Base64 enkode atau dekode BERKAS, atau masukan standar, ke keluaran standar.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [BERKAS] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
atau: %s --traditional [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --files0-from=F
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Tampilkan atau periksa %s (%d-bit) checksums.
dengan tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [MASUKAN [PREFIX]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [MASUKAN]... (tanpa -G)
atau: %s -G [PILIHAN]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [PEMILIK][:[GRUP]] BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [TEMPLATE]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [NAMA PENGGUNA]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [NAMA PENGGUNA]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [PENGGUNA]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [VARIABEL]...
Tampilkan nilai dari VARIABEL yang dispesifikasikan oleh lingkungan.
Jika tidak ada VARIABEL lingkungan yang dispesifikasikan, tampilkan semuanya.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN-PENDEK]... PERINTAH PENGGUNA [ARGUMEN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN-PANJANG
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN-PENDEK]... [STRING]...
atau: %s PILIHAN-PANJANG
Penggunaan: %s [STRING]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [mengabaikan arguman baris perintah]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: test EKSPRESI
atau: test
atau: [ EKSPRESI ]
atau: [ ]
atau: [ PILIHAN ]
Sinyal didefinisikan pengguna 1 Sinyal didefinisikan pengguna 2 Menggunakan -s mengabaikan -L dan -P. Jika tidak, pilihan terakhir yang dispesifikasikan mengontrol
perilaku ketika sumber adalah sebuah link simbolik, baku ke %s.
Argumen yang valid adalah: Urutan format yang valid untuk sistem berkas:
%a Blok bebas yang ada ke bukan pengguna super
%b Total data blok dalam sistem berkas
%c Total berkas dalam sistem berkas
%d Berkas bebas dalam sistem berkas
%f Blok bebas dalam sistem berkas
%C String konteks keamanan SELinux
Pewaktu maya habis PERINGATAN: --page-increment sudah ditinggalkan; lebih baik gunakan --line-increment PERINGATAN: --preserve_context sudah ditinggalkan; lebih baik gunakan --preserve-context PERINGATAN: Struktur direktori circular.
Ini kemungkinan besar berarti bahwa anda memiliki sebuah sistem berkas yang terkorupsi.
BERITAHU MANAJER SISTEM ANDA.
Direktori berikut adalah bagian dari cycle:
%s
PERINGATAN: mengabaikan --context (-Z); kernel ini bukan SELinux-aktif PERINGATAN: mengabaikan --preserve-context; kernel ini bukan SELinux-aktif. PERINGATAN: mengabaikan pilihan --strip-program karena pilihan -s tidak dispesifikasikan Peringatan: Ketika Dimana Jendela berubah Dengan --follow (-f), tail secara baku mengikuti pendeskripsi berkas, yang
berarti baik jika sebuah berkas yang di-'tail' diubah namanya, 'tail' akan
tetap melanjutkan melacaknya sampai akhir.
Ini perilaku default jik tidak diinginkan ketika anda benar benar menginginkan untuk
mencari jejak nama aktual dari berkas, bukan berkas deskripsi (e.g., log
rotasi). Gunakan --follow=nama dalam kasus itu. Yang menyebabkan tail untuk megikuti jejak dari
nama berkas dengan membuka kembali secara periodik untuk melihat apakah ini telah dihapus dan
dibuat kembali oleh aplikasi lain.
Wrap baris masukan dalam setiap BERKAS (standar masukan secara default), tulis ke
standar keluaran.
Tulis sebuah permutasi random dari baris masukan ke standar keluaran.
Tulis setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran, baris terakhir pertama.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran, dengan ditambahkan nomor baris.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis baris berisi dari baris berurut dari
setiap BERKAS, dipisahkan dengan TAB, ke standar keluaran.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis concatenation terurut dari seluruh BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Ditulis oleh %s dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, dan yang lain.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s.
[=c=] ekspresi mungkin timbul dalam string2 ketika menerjemahkan ^[tT] ^[yY] ` `-%c' kelebihan karakter atau jumlah tida valid dalam argumen: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' argumen hilang `-N NOMOR' tidak valid dimulai dibaris nomor: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' tidak valid jumlah dari karakter: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' nomor baris tidak valid: %s `-o MARGIN' tidak valid di baris ofset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' tidak valid jumlah dari karakter: %s sebuah perintah harus diberikan dengan sebuah adjustmen mengakses %s ai_family tidak didukung ai_socktype tidak didukung argumen %s ambigu untuk %s sebuah pembatas masukana mungkin dispesifikan hanya ketika beroperasi di fields menambahkan keluaran ke %s backing up %s akan menghancurkan sumber; %s tidak disalin backing up %s akan menghancurkan sumber; %s tidak dipindah tipe backup berkas blok spesial blok berkas spesial tidak didukung baik awalan SI dan IEC ada dalam satuan kedua berkas tidak dapat berupa standar masukan byte offset %s terlalu besar tidak dapat mengapply konteks pecahan ke berkas yang tidak bernama %s tidak dapat memperoleh konteks proses tidak dapat mengakses %s tidak dapat membackup %s tidak dapat meringkas dan menampilkan seluruh masukan bersamaan tidak dapat mengubah kepemilikan dari %s tidak dapat merubah ijin dari %s tidak dapat mengubah direktori root ke %s tidak dapat berpindah ke direktori %s tidak dapat chdir ke direktori root tidak dapat mengkombinasikan --target-directory (-t) dan --no-target-directory (-T) tidak dapat mengkombinasikan --target-directory dan --no-target-directory tidak dapat mengkombinasikan pilihan -e dan -i tidak dapat mengkombinasikan dua dari {ascii, ebcdic, ibm} tidak dapat mengkombinasikan blok dan unblok tidak dapat mengkombinasikan excl dan nocreat tidak dapat mengkombinasikan huruf kecil dan huruf besar tidak dapat mengkombinasikan mode dan pilihan --reference tidak dapat mengkombinasikan sinyal dengan -l atau -t tidak dapat membandingkan nama berkas %s dan %s tidak dapat mengubah U+%04X ke karakter set lokal tidak dapat mengubah U+%04X ke karakter set lokal: %s tidak dapat menyalin sebuah direktori, %s, kedalam diri sendiri, %s tidak dapat menyalin cyclic link simbolik %s tidak dapat membuat direktori %s tidak dapat membuat fifo %s tidak dapat membuah link keras %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat link %s tidak dapat membuat link %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat berkas regular %s tidak dapat membuah berkas spesial %s tidak dapat membuat link simbolik %s tidak dapat membuat link simbolik %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat berkas sementara dalam %s tidak dapat dereferensi %s tidak dapat menentukan perangkat dan inode dari %s tidak dapat menentukan nama host tidak dapat menentukan lokasi dari %s. kembali ke polling tidak dapat melakukan ioctl di %s tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk grup ID %lu tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk pengguna ID %lu tidak dapat mengikuti %s dengan nama tidak dapat memaksa konteks tujuan ke %s dan menjaganya tidak dapat fstat %s tidak dapat memperoleh direktori sekarang tidak dapat memperoleh niceness tidak dapat memperoleh nama sistem tidak dapat lseek %s tidak dapat membuat hard dan simbolik link tidak dapat membuat direktori %s tidak dapat memindahkan %s ke %s tidak dapat memindahkan %s ke sebuah subdirektori dari direktori itu sendiri, %s tidak dapat memindahkan direktori ke bukan-direktori: %s -> %s tidak dapat membuka %s untuk dibaca tidak dapat membuka %s untuk ditulis tidak dapat membuka direktori %s tidak dapat beroperasi di simlink dangling %s tidak dapat menimpa direktori %s dengan bukan-direktori tidak dapat menimpa bukan-direktori %s dengan direktori %s Tidak dapat menjalankan keluaran yang terformat tidak dapat menjaga atribut ekstensi, cp dibuat tanpa dukungan xattr tidak dapat menjaga konteks keamanan tanpa sebuah kernel SELinux support tidak dapat menampilkan "only" lebih dari satu pilihan tidak dapat menampilkan hanya nama atau ril ID dalam format default tidak dapat menampilkan konteks keamanan ketika pengguna dispesifikasikan tidak dapat membaca direktori %s tidak dapat membaca nama berkas dari %s tidak dapat membaca informasi sistem berkas untuk %s tidak dapat membaca realtime clock tidak dapat membaca link simbolik %s tidak dapat membaca tabel dari sistem berkas yang terpasang tidak dapat menghapus %s tidak dapat menghapus direktori: %s tidak dapat mereposisi berkas penunjuk untuk %s tidak dapat menjalankan %s tidak dapat menset %s tidak dapat menset tanggal tidak dapat menset id grup tidak dapat menset ID grup ke %lu tidak dapat menset grup tidak dapat menset nama host; sistem ini kurang fungsionalitas tidak dapat menset nama ke %s tidak dapat menset niceness tidak dapat menset time stamps untuk %s tidak dapat menset id pengguna tidak dapat menset ID pengguna ke %lu tidak dapat melewatkan akhir dari kombinasi masukan tidak dapat menspesifikasikan --null (-0) dengan perintah tidak dapat menspesifikasikan baik mencetak across dan mencetak dalam paralel tidak dapat menspesifikasikan jumlah dari kolom ketika menampilkan dalam paralel tidak dapat menspesifikasikan waktu dari lebih dari satu sumber tidak dapat memisahkan lebih dari satu cara tidak dapat memperoleh statistik %s tidak dapat memperoleh statistik direktori sekarang (sekarang %s) tidak dapat memperoleh statistik standar masukan tidak dapat menyentuh %s tidak dapat un-backup %s tidak dapat unlink %s tidak dapat unset %s tidak dapat mengamati %s tidak dapat mengamati direktori atas dari %s tidak dapat bekerja dalam kernel bug ternyata ubah grup dari %s ke %s
ubah kepemilikan dari %s ke %s
mengubah grup dari %s mengubah kepemilikan dari %s mengubah ijin dari %s mengubah konteks keamanan dari %s
karakter ofset adalah nol karakter diluar dari jangkauan berkas karakter spesial karakter berkas spesial tidak didukung menghapus ijin untuk %s jam berubah gagal menutup menutup %s menutup %s (fd=%d) menutup direktori %s menutup berkas masukan %s menutup berkas keluaran %s menutup masukan standar mode kompabilitas melayani di setiap berkas. konflik penggantian string empty-field konteks keamanan konflik dengan spesifikasi yang diberikan tidak dapat menset penyangga dari %s untuk mode %s
tidak dapat membuat proses untuk %s -d tidak dapat membuat berkas sementara tidak dapat menjalankan %s tidak dapat menjalankan %s -d tidak dapat menemukan masukan direktori di %s dengan -node yang cocok tidak dapat memperoleh waktu nyala direktori %s dibuat membuat direktori %s membuat berkas %s
membuat link keras %s membuat link keras %s => %s membuat link keras ke %.0s%s membuat link simbolik %s membuat link simbolik %s -> %s daftar pembatas berakhir dengan sebuah unescaped backslash: %s direktori pembagian dengan nol dup2 gagal kosong %s tidak diperbolehkan nama berkas kosong empty tab error menutup berkas error dalam pencocokan ekspresi regular error dalam pencarian ekspresi regular error menginisialisasi string bulan error mengamati inotify event error membaca %s error membaca inotify event error dalam menunggu perintah error menulis %s keluar= kelebihan argumen %s extra operand %s ekstra operand %s
kelebihan operan %s tidak dibolehkan dengan -%c gagal untuk mengubah konteks dari %s ke %s gagal untuk mengubah grup dari %s ke %s
gagal untuk mengubah mode dari %s ke %04lo (%s)
gagal untuk mengubah kepemilikan dari %s
gagal untuk mengubah kepemilikan dari %s ke %s
gagal untuk chdir ke %s gagal untuk menutup %s gagal untuk menghitung konteks baru gagal untuk membuat direktori melalui template %s gagal untuk membuat berkas melalui template %s gagal untuk membuat konteks keamanan: %s gagal untuk memperoleh atribut dari %s gagal memperolek konteks sekarang gagal memperoleh file sysmte create context gagal memperoleh grup untuk proses sekarang gagal memperoleh grup untuk user %s gagal untuk memperoleh konteks keamanan dari %s gagal untuk menlookup berkas %s gagal untuk membuka %s gagal untuk menjaga kepengarangan untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga kepemilikan untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga ijin untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga waktu untuk %s gagal untuk meredirect standar error gagal untuk mengarahkan stderr ke /dev/null gagal untuk menghapus %s gagal untuk menghapus direktori %s gagal untuk me-'render' masukan baku yang tidak berguna gagal untuk membuka kembali %s dengan mode %s gagal merestore ke default berkas konteks pembuatan gagal kembali ke direktori kerja awal gagal menjalankan perintah %s gagal menset %s kontek keamanan komponen ke %s gagal untuk menset grup tambahan gagal untuk menset default berkas pembuatan konteks ke %s gagal untuk menset ID grup gagal untuk menset jangkauan baru %s gagal untuk menset peran baru %s gagal untuk menset tipe baru %s gagal untuk menset pengguna baru %s gagal untuk menset grup tambahan gagal untuk menset salinan dari stderr untuk ditutup pada saat exec gagal untuk menset konteks keamanan dari %s ke %s gagal untuk menset ID pengguna gagal memperoleh statistik %s gagal untuk mematikan O_DIRECT: %s gagal untuk memperbarui lingkungan dengan %s fdatasync gagal untuk %s fflush gagal nomor field %s terlalu besar jumlah field adalah nol fields dan posisi dinomori dari 1 fifo berkas %d ada dalam keadaan tidak terurut berkas operand tidak dapat dikombinasikan dengan --files0-from. berkas operand tidak dapat dikombinasikan dengan --print-database (-p) sistem berkas tipe %s keduanyan dipilih dan diexclude fork system call gagal format %s berakhir dalam %% format %s tidak memiliki %% direktif format %s memiliki terlalu banyak %% direktif format %s memiliki %%%c direktif tidak diketahui format string mungkin tidak dispesifikasikan ketika menampilkan string dengan lebar sama fsync gagal untuk %s fts_close gagal fts_read gagal getpass: tidak dapat membuka /dev/tty memperoleh atribut baru dari %s grup dari %s tetap sebagai %s
fungsi iconv tidak tersedia fungsi iconv tidak berguna id= mengabaikan seluruh argumen mengabaikan masukan mengabaikan masukan dan menambahkan keluaran ke %s mengabaikan masukan dan meredirect stderr ke stdout mengabaikan ukuran tab tidak valid dalam variabel lingkungan UKURAN TAB: %s mengabaikan nilai tidak valid dari variabel lingkungan QUOTING_STYLE: %s mengabaikan lebar tidak valid dalam variabel lingkungan KOLOM: %s mengabaikan argumen bukan pilihan join field tidak kompatible %lu, %lu incompatible tabs kata kunci tidak benar inotify tidak dapat digunakan, kembali ke polling masukan hilang baris masukan terlalu panjang inter-device pindah gagal; %s ke %s; tidak dapat menghapus target arguemn `%s' tidak valid %s%s argumen --%s tidak valid %s adjustmen %s tidak valid argumen tidak valid %s argumen %s tidak valid untuk %s gaya penomoran body: %s tidak valid mode penyangga %s tidak valid untuk %s
byte tidak valid atau daftar field karakter `%c' tidak valid dalam tipe string %s karakter kelas %s tidak valid konteks tidak valid: %s konversi tidak valid spesifikasi konversi tidak valid dalam akhiran: %c spesifikasi konversi tidak valid dalam akhiran: \%.3o tanggal tidak valid %s format tanggal %s tidak valid jangkauan berkurang tidak valid perangkat %s %s tidak valid tipe perangkat %s tidak valid nomor field tidak valid: %s spesifikasi field tidak valid: %s lebar field tidak valid: %s nomor berkas tidak valid dalam field spec: %s argumen floating point tidak valid: %s gaya penomoran footer: %s tidak valid format presisi tidak valid format lebar tidak valid lebar gap tidak valid: %s grup tidak valid grup tidak valid %s daftar grup tidak valid %s invalid grup: %s gaya penomoran header: %s tidak valid masukan tidak valid masukan flag tidak valid jangkauan masukan %s tidak valid integer %s tidak valid integer argumen %s tidak valid jumlah baris %s tidak valid baris disiplin %s tidak valid lebar field nomor baris: %s tidak valid nomor baris increment: %s tidak valid format penomoran baris: %s tidak valid lebar baris tidak valid: %s nomor perangkat major tidak valid %s kedalaman maksimal %s tidak valid nomor perangkat minor tidak valid %s mode tidak valid mode tidak valid %s mode tidak valid: %s nomor %s tidak valid jumlah tidak valid setelah `,' jumlah tidak valid setelah `-' jumlah tidak valid setelah `.' jumlah tidak valid di awal field jumlah dari baris kosong: %s tidak valid jumlah dari byte tidak valid jumlah bytes yang dibandingkan tidak valid jumlah bytes yang dilewati tidak valid jumlah dari kolom tidak valid: %s jumlah bagian yang dilewati tidak valid jumlah dari baris tidak valid jumlah baris tidak valid: 0 pilihan tidak valid -- %c pilihan -- %c tidak valid; -WIDTH dikenali hanya ketika ini merupakan pilihan
pertama; gunakan -w N daripada keluaran alamat radix `%c' tidak valid; ini harus berupa sebuah karakter dari [doxn] keluaran flag tidak valid jangkauan halaman %s tidak valid presisi tidak valid: %s jangkauan tidak valid dengan tidak ada endpoint: - jumlah pengulangan %s tidak valid dalam [c*n] contruct spesifikasi tidak valid awalan nomor baris: %s tidak valid statu flag tidak valid akhiran tidak valid %s, berisi pemisah direktori akhiran dalam %s%s tidak valid argumen `%s' ukuran tab tidak valid: %s template tidak valid, %s, berisi pemisah direktori template tidak valid, %s; dengan --tmpdir, ini mungkin bukan absolut jangka waktu %s tidak valid format gaya waktu tidak valid: %s akhiran pilihan tidak valid -- %c tipe string %s tidak valid Tipe string %s tidak valid;
Sistem ini tidak memberikan sebuah %lu-byte tipe floating point tipe string %s tidak valid;
Sistem ini tidak memberikan sebuah tipe %lu-byte integral universal nama karakter \%c%0*x tidak valid pengguna tidak valid pengguna tidak valid %s lebar tidak valid: %s ukuran wrap tidak valid: %s nama berkas panjang-nol tidak valid ini berbahaya untuk mengoperasikan secara rekursif di %s ini berbahaya untuk mengoperasikan secara rekursif di %s (sama seperti %s) terakhir= diawali `-' dalam sebuah komponen dari nama berkas %s batas %lu dilewati oleh panjang %lu dari nama berkas %s batas %lu dilewati dengan panjang %lu dari komponen nama berkas %s baris penyangga stdin tidak berarti jumlah baris pilihan -%s%c... terlalu besar nomor baris %s lebih kecil dari nomor baris sebelumnya, %s nomor baris overflow maksimal --%s argumen dengan rlimit sekarang adalah %s kehabisan memori pesan antrian argumen %s minimum --%s missaligned [:upper:] dan/atau [:lower:] construct hilang %% spesifikasi konversi di akhiran hilang `]' argumen hilang setelah %s argumen ke %s hilang karakter hilang dalam nama kelas `[::]' hilang spesifikasi konversi dalam akhiran berkas tujuan operand hilang setelah %s hilang karakter kelas ekuivalen `[==]' operand berkas hilang hilang nomor heksadesimal dalam escape hilang daftar dari fields hilang daftar dari posisi operand hilang hilang operand setelah %s mode seharusnya menspesifikasikan hanya berkas ijin bits mode dari %s diubah menjadi %04lo (%s)
mode dari %s dijaga sebagai %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s banyak pilihan -i dispesifikasikan multiple pilihan -l atau -t dispesifikasikan banyak aplikasi kompresi dispesifikasikan banyak pembatas dispesifikasikan banyak tingkat jangkauan banyak berkas keluaran dispesifikasikan multiple format keluaran dispesifikasikan banyak sumber random dispesifikasikan multiple relatif pengubah dispesifikasikan banyak peran multiple target direktori dispesifikasikan banyak tipe banyak pengguna bukan link simbolik %s ataupun referensi yang telah diubah
tidak ada variabel SHELL, dan tidak ada pilihan tipe shell yang diberikan tidak merubah kepemilikan dari %s
tidak ada perintah yang dispesifikasikan tidak ada sistem berkas yang diproses tidak ada berkas tersisa tidak ada masukan masukan dari %s bukan nama login tidak ada proses ID dispesifikasikan tidak ada tipe yang bisa dispesikasikan ketika mendump strings jika tidak ada spesifikasi nama pengguna; paling tidak satu harus dispesifikasikan ketika menggunakan -l karakter %s tidak portabel dalam nama berkas %s bukan sebuah tty tidak menulis melalui dangling symlink %s angka dalam %s terlalu besar jumlah dari byte jumlah dari baris offset overflow ketika membaca berkas %s mengabaikan direktori %s hanya [c*] ulang construct mungkin timbul dalam string2 hanya sebuah perangkat yang dispesifikasikan hanya satu tipe dari daftar yang boleh dispesifikasikan gagal membuka membuka %s pilihan yang digunakan tidak valid dalam konteks -- %c pilihan --backup dan --no-clobber adalah mutually ekslusif pilihan --compare (C) dan --preserve-timestamps adalah mutually exclusive pilihan --compare (C) dan --strip adalah mutually exclusive pilihan `-%s' tidak kompatibel Kehabisan akhiran berkas keluaran extending overflow dari ukuran berkas %s pembulatan overflow dari ukuran berkas %s kepemilikan dari %s tetap
kepemilikan dari %s tetap sebagai %s
jumlah halaman berlebihan lebar halaman terlalu kecil menyimpan permission untuk %s menjaga waktu untuk %s menampilkan seluruh baris duplikat dan jumlah pengulangan adalah tidak berarti jangkauan range-endpoint dari `%s-%s' adalah dalam urutan yang terbalik error baca baca gagal membaca %s membaca direktori %s rekaman terlalu besar meredirect stderr ke stdout berkas kosong regular berkas regular menghapus %s
menghapus direktori: %s
menghapus direktori, %s tingkat-proses semaphore pemisah tidak dapat kosong set LC_ALL='C' untuk memperbaiki masalah menset flag untuk %s menset ijin untuk %s menset waktu dari %s objek memori dibagi Skip-bytes + read-bytes terlalu besar melewatkan %s, karena ini ada di perangkat berbeda melewati berkas %s, seperti ini ditimpa ketika sedang disalin socket standar error standar masukan standar masukan telah ditutup keluaran standar stat gagal stderr stdin stdout karakter sisa dalam spesifikasi field gagal membandingkan string Transformasi string gagal strip proses berakhir abnormal menekan non-delimited baris membuat masuk akal
hanya ketika beroperasi di fields link simbolik sintaks error sistem boot ukuran tab tidak bisa 0 ukuran tab berisi karakter tidak valid: %s ukuran tab harus ascending tab stop terlalu besar %s nilai tab stop terlalu besar tabs terlalu jauh dipisahkan target %s bukan sebuah direktori direktori tujuan tidak memperbolehkan ketika memasang sebuah direktori term= test dan/atau [ Pilihan --binary dan --text tidak berarti ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --compare (-C) diabaikan ketika anda menspesifikasikan sebuah mode dengan bit tanpa-ijin pilihan --context (-Z) adalah kadaluarsa dan akan dihilangkan
dalam release selanjutnya pilihan --quiet hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --status hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --warn hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum [c*] construct mungkin timbul dalam string2 hanya ketika menerjemahkan [c*] mengulang contruct mungkin mungkin timbul dalam string1 argumen %s kurang sebuah awalah `+';
ketika menggunakan sebuah pilihan untuk menspesifikasikan tanggal, argumen
bukan pilihan apapun harus dalam sebuah format string yang diawali dengan `+' pembatas harus berupa sebuah karakter pilihan untuk gaya verbose dan stty-readable keluaran adalah
mutualy exclusive pilihan untuk keluaran dircolors' internal database dan
untuk memilih sintak shell adalah mutually exclusif Pilihan untuk mencetak dan menset waktu mungkin bisa digunakan bersama Pilihan untuk menspesifikasikan tanggal untuk pencetakan adalah mutually exclusive string yang dibandingkan adalah %s dan %s pilihan strip tidak boleh digunakan ketika memasang sebuah direktori untransformasi string adalah %s jam %s adalah diluar jangkauan untuk menggunakan ID pengguna %s anda juga harus menggunakan pilihan -g terlalu sedikit X dalam template %s terlalu banyak %% spesifikasi konversi dalam akhiran terlalu banyak karakter dalam set terlalu banyak pengulangan baris terlalu banyak template total traversal gagal: %s objek memori diketik uid=%lu tidak dapat menampilkan pesan kesalahan tidak dapat menyimpan direktori kerja sekarang gagal untuk menset konteks keamanan %s kegagalan tidak terduga: fts_info=%d: %s
mohon laporkan ke %s operator binary tidak diketahui status dari perintah (0x%X) tidak diketahui Aliran tidak diketahui ID pengguna tidak diketahui: %s nilai tidak dapat diparse untuk variabel lingkungan LS_COLORS operand %s tidak dikenal prefix tidak dikenal: %s nyala %ld hari %2d:%02d, nyala %ld hari %2d:%02d, nyala ???? hari ??:??, gunakan --no-preserve-root untuk memaksa gagal-aman ini pengguna %s tidak ada menggunakan %s untuk mengatakan standar masukan tidak bekerja dalam mode sistem berkas menggunakan aritmetik arbitrary-precision menggunakan shell %s terbatas menggunakan aritmetik single-precision menunggu untuk %s [-d] menunggu untuk strip peringatan: %s: karakter mengikuti konstan karakter telah diabaikan peringatan: %s: gagal untuk mengubah konteks ke %s peringata: --pid=PID tidak didukung dalam sistem ini peringatan: --retry hanya berguna ketik diikuti dengan nama peringatan: PID diabaikan; --pid=PID hanya berguna ketika mengikuti peringatan: `touch %s' sudah kadaluarsa; gunakan `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' peringatan: sebuah backslash tidak diescape di akhir dari string tidak portabel peringatan: backslash di akhir dari format peringatan: tidak dapat pindah ke direktori %s peringatan: tidak dapat menghapus: %s peringatan: mengikuti standar masukan secara tak terhingga adalah tidak efektif peringatan: mengabaikan kelebihan argumen, dimulai dengan %s peringatan: berkas ofset tidak valid setelah gagal baca peringatan: lebar tidak valid %lu; menggunakan %d peringatan: nomor baris %s sama dengan nomor baris sebelumnya peringatan: berkas sumber %s dispesifikasikan lebih dari sekali peringatan: meringkas konflik dengan --max-depth=%lu peringatan: meringkas adalah sama dengan menggunakan --max-depth=0 peringatan: pilihan --%s sudah ditinggalkan; gunakan --reference peringatan: escape \%c%c%c oktal ambigu sedang
diinterpretasikan sebagai urutan 2-byte \0%c%c, %c peringatan: escape tidak dikenal `\%c' peringatan: bekerja dalam lseek kernel bug untuk berkas (%s)
dari mt type=0x%00lx -- lihat untuk daftar dari type berkas aneh ketika memotong set1, string2 mungkin tidak kosong ketika membaca nama berkas dari stdin, tidak ada nama berkas dari %s dibolehkan ketika menspesifikasikan gaya keluaran, mode mungkin tidak diset ketika menerjemahkan dengan kelas karakter komplemen,
string2 harus memetakan seluruh karakter dalam domain ke satu ketika menerjemahkan, hanya kelas karakter yang mungkin timbul dalam
string2 adalah `upper' dan `lower' tidak akan disalin %s melalui baru-dibuat symlink %s tidak akan membuah link keras %s ke direktori %s tidak akan menimpa baru dibuat %s dengan %s dengan --parents, tujuan harus berupa sebuah direktori dengan --suffix, template %s harus berakhir dalam X error menulis error dalam penulisan untuk %s tulis gagal menulis %s menulis ke %s anda harus menspesifikasikan -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, atau konteks anda harus menspesifikasikan sebuah daftar dari bytes, karakter, atau fields anda harus menspesifikasikan satu dari %s atau %s PRIuMAX PRIdMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks failed to truncate to % bytes in output file %s failed to allocate a % byte stdio buffer
%s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % overflow in % * % byte blocks for file %s truncating %s at % bytes %+% catatan masuk
%+% catatan keluar
% rekaman terpotong
% rekaman terpotong
% byte (%s) tersalin % byte (%s) tersalin ofset terlalu besar: tidak dapat memotong ke panjang dari seek=% (%lu-byte) blok gagal untuk memotong % byte dalam berkas keluaran %s gagal untuk mengalokasikan sebuah % byte penyangga stdio
%s: %: baris checksum %s terformat secara tidak benar PERINGATAN: % dari % daftar berkas tidak dapat dibaca PERINGATAN: % dari % daftar berkas tidak dapat dibaca PERINGATAN: % dari % checksum yang terhitung TIDAK cocok PERINGATAN: % dari % checksum yang terhitung TIDAK cocok nomor halaman dimulai dari % melebihi jumlah halaman % Halaman % overflow dalam % * % byte blok untuk berkas %s memotong %s di % byte usr/share/locale/id/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo 0000666 00001106541 15100150621 0013777 0 ustar 00 0 - Y w
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q p K N k - i " : } ` 0 a ( _ x l ? ; 5 E 8 Y D H - b N E e A / 6 0 9 ) 2 j v Q 0 v j F < g A O [ 1 ~ m 2 3 b = \ ` q H j ( ' v c i ) l g < _ v \ 1 z V > t K y
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] [ s $ ` ' \ ҇ ڇ tx x x x x x y y 4y Py ly y y y y y z (z = ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
-t is implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read
standard input.
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If MODE is `0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
If MODE is `L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered.
This option is invalid with standard input.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
If the command times out, then exit with status 124. Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND. If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout. The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal. For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams (`tee' does
for e.g.) then that will override corresponding settings changed by `stdbuf'.
Also some filters (like `dd' and `cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O,
and are thus unaffected by `stdbuf' settings.
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note that the -r and -s options are mutually exclusive.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.
You may want to sort the input first, or use `sort -u' without `uniq'.
Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.
BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each
output line.
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1',
or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.
PID is an integer; if negative it identifies a process group.
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters:
`+' extend by, `-' reduce by, `<' at most, `>' at least,
`/' round down to multiple of, `%' round up to multiple of.
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The following three options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--quiet don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status don't output anything, status code shows success
-w, --warn warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination
locations you choose. If you want to download and install a ready-to-use
package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to
the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.
In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.
-t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of
SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to
expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may
only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not
translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after
translation or deletion.
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line
-w, --words print the word counts
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--pid=PID with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent never output headers giving file names
--retry keep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by
name, i.e., with --follow=name
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--suffix=SUFF append SUFF to TEMPLATE. SUFF must not contain slash.
This option is implied if TEMPLATE does not end in X.
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
--all print the number of installed processors
--ignore=N if possible, exclude N processing units
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% -evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, all special
characters to their default values
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g, 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'. More info below
-d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
separate columns by STRING,
without -S: Default separator with -J and
otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options
-t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --bytes=K output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K
to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K bytes of each file
-n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K lines of each file
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-e, --echo treat each ARG as an input line
-i, --input-range=LO-HI treat each number LO through HI as an input line
-n, --head-count=COUNT output at most COUNT lines
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (redundant if
the -n option is used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages
-s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical make hard links to symbolic link references
-n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a
directory as if it were a normal file
-P, --physical make hard links directly to symbolic links
-s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2
(default end of line)
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63)
-m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --lines=K output the last K lines, instead of the last %d;
or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default %d) iterations
to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
(this is the usual case of rotated log files)
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p DIR use DIR as a prefix; implies -t [deprecated]
-t interpret TEMPLATE as a single file name component,
relative to a directory: $TMPDIR, if set; else the
directory specified via -p; else /tmp [deprecated]
-p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is
similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this FILE's size
-s, --size=SIZE use this SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --sleep-interval=N with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
(default 1.0) between iterations
-v, --verbose always output headers giving file names
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w
-s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number on each logical page
-w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with a remote file. giving up on this name %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid number to ignore %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create a temporary file or directory, safely, and print its name.
TEMPLATE must contain at least 3 consecutive `X's in last component.
If TEMPLATE is not specified, use tmp.XXXXXXXXXX, and --tmpdir is implied.
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EMT trap EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),
writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.
Floating point exception For complete documentation, run: info coreutils '%s invocation'
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Information request Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Option --string without a number implies 3; option --width without a number
implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t oS -w16.
Ordering options:
Other options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE.
-r use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME,
or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.
The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.
Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Report %s translation bugs to
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment
Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost.
If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole)
reads as zero bytes.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1
-d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character
that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence
of that character
-t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h
is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to
change the times of the file associated with standard output.
Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when the source is a symbolic link, defaulting to %s.
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead WARNING: --preserve_context is deprecated; use --preserve-context instead WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --context (-Z); this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both SI and IEC prefixes present on units both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot remove directory: %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error initializing month strings error monitoring inotify event error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple delimiters specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --context (-Z) option is obsolete and will be removed
in a future release the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the argument %s lacks a leading `+';
when using an option to specify date(s), any non-option
argument must be a format string beginning with `+' the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown binary operator unknown status from command (0x%X) unknown stream unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using arbitrary-precision arithmetic using restricted shell %s using single-precision arithmetic waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the --%s option is obsolete; use --reference warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify one of %s or %s Project-Id-Version: coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-16 08:45+0700
Last-Translator: Arif E. Nugroho
Language-Team: Indonesian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);
( EKSPRESI ) EKSPRESI adalah benar
! EKSPRESI EKSPRESI adalah salah
EKSPRESI1 -a EKSPRESI2 kedua EKSPRESI1 dan EKSPRESI2 adalah benar
EKSPRESI1 -o EKSPRESI2 EKSPRESI1 atau EKSPRESI2 adalah benar
--check-order periksa bahwa masukan adalah secara benar diurutkan, meskipun
jika seluruh masukan baris dapat dipasangkan
--nocheck-order jangan periksa masukan adalah diurutkan secara benar
-1 tekan kolom 1 (baris unik ke BERKAS1)
-2 tekan kolom 2 (baris unik ke BERKAS2)
-3 tekan kolom 3 (baris yang timbul di kedua berkas)
-a, --all sama seperti -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot waktu terakhir sistem nyala
-d, --dead menampilkan proses mati
-H, --heading menampilkan baris dari heading kolom
-b BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah blok spesial
-c BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah karakter spesial
-d BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah sebuah direktori
-e BERKAS BERKAS ada
-l menghasilkan format keluaran panjang untuk PENGGUNA yang dispesifikasikan
-b mengabaikan direktori rumah pengguna dan shell dalam format panjang
-h mengabaikan berkas projek pengguna dalam format panjang
-p mengabaikan berkas rencana pengguna dalam format panjang
-s jangan memendekan format keluaran, ini adalah default
-n STRING panjang dari STRING adalah tidak nol
STRING sama dengan -n STRING
-z STRING panjang dari STRING adalah nol
STRING1 = STRING2 string adalah sama
STRING1 != STRING2 string tidak sama
ARG1 * ARG2 perkalian aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 pembagian aritmetik dari ARG1 dibagi oleh ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder dari ARG1 dibagi oleh ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 penjumlahan aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 perbedaan aritmetik dari ARG1 dan ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 lebih kecil dari ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 lebih kecil atau sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 tidak sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 lebih besar atau sama dengan ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 lebih besar dari ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 BERKAS1 dan BERKAS2 keduanya memiliki perangkat dan nomor inode yang sama
FILE1 -nt FILE2 BERKAS1 adalah lebih baru (tanggal modifikasinya) dari BERKAS2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 BERKAS1 adalah lebih lama dari BERKAS2
INTEGER salin sampai tetapi tidak melibatkan nomor baris yang dispesifikasikan
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] salin sampai tetapi tidak melibatkan baris yang cocok
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] melewatkan, tetapi tidak melibatkan baris yang cocok
{INTEGER} mengulang pola sebelumnya yang dispesifikasikan oleh jumlah dari waktu
{*} mengulang pola sebelumnya sebanyak mungkin
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih besar atau sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih besar dari INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih kecil atau sama dengan INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 adalah lebih kecil dari INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 tidak sama dengan INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern cocok dari REGEXP dalam STRING
match STRING REGEXP sama seperti STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring dari STRING, POS dihitung dari 1
index STRING CHARS index dalam STRING dimana CHARS apapun ditemukan, atau 0
length STRING panjang dari STRING
a nomori seluruh baris
t nomori hanya baris yang tidak kosong
n nomori bukan baris
pBRE nomor hanya baris yang berisi cocok untuk ekspresi sederhana regular, BRE
FORMAT adalah salah satu dari:
ln dirapatkan ke kiri, tidak diawali nol
rn dirapatkan ke kanan, tidak diawali nol
rz dirapatkan ke kanan, diawali nol
b buat sebuah berkas spesial blok (buffered)
c, u buat sebuah berkas spesial karakter (unbuffered)
p membuat sebuah FIFO
# pengguna=%lu
-t mengindikasikan jika PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika
BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Sebuah bagian yang berjalan dari spasi (biasanya spasi dan/atau TAB), ketika bukan-kosong
karakter. Fields dilewati sebelum karakter.
Sebuah aplikasi ringan `finger'; menampilkan informasi pengguna.
Berkas utmp akan berada %s.
Hanya - mengindikasikan -i. Jika tidak ada PERINTAH, menampilkan environment yang dihasilkan.
Sebuah - mengindikasikan -l. Jika PENGGUNA tidak diberikan, asumsikan root.
Setelah flag apapun ada sebuah opsional field lebar, sebagai sebuah nomor desimal;
kemudian sebuah modifikasi opsional, yang mungkin
E untuk menggunakan locale's alternatif representasi jika tersedia, atau
0 untuk menggunakan locale's alternatif simbol numerik jika tersedia.
Sebuah EKSPRESI yang diabaikan secara default ke salah. Jika tidak,
EKSPRESI adalah benar atau salah dan set status keluar. Ini adalah salah satu dari:
Seperti sebuah kasus spesial, cp membuat sebuah backup dari SOURCE ketika force dan backup
pilihan diberikan dan SOURCE dan DEST memiliki nama sama untuk sebuah
berkas regular yang telah ada.
BLOK dan BYTE boleh diikuti dengan akhiran pengali berikut:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Setiap simbol CONV bisa berupa:
Hati hati banyak operators membutuhkan escaped atau quote untuk shell.
Perbandingan aritmetik jika kedua ARG adalah nomor, jika tidak lexicographical.
Pola cocok mengembalikan string cocok diantara \( dan \) atau null; jika
\( dan \) tidak digunakan, mereka mengembalikan jumlah karakter yang cocok atau 0.
Kedua MAJOR dan MINOR harus dispesifikasikan ketika TIPE adalah b, c, atau u, dan mereka
harus diabaikan ketika TIPE adalah p. Jika MAJOR atau MINOR dimulai dengan 0x atau 0X,
Ini diinterpretasikan sebagai hexadesimal; jika tidak, jika ini dimulai dengan 0, seperti oktal;
jika tidak, sebagai desimal. TIPE mungkin juga:
Secara default, rm tidak menghapus direktori. Gunakan --recursive (-r atau -R)
untuk menghapus direktori, juga, sesuai dengan seluruh isinya.
Secara default, pilih -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC adalah
dua pembatas karakter untuk memisahkan halaman logikal, sebuah karakter
yang hilang menandakan : Tipe \\ untuk \. STYLE adalah satu dari:
Secara baku, sparse berkas SUMBER terdeteksi oleh sebuah crude heuristic dan
berkas TUJUAN yang berhubungan dibuat sparse juga. Itu adalah perilaku
yang dipilih oleh --sparse=auto. Spesifikasikan --sparse=always untuk membuat sebuah sparse
berkas TUJUAN ketika berkas SUMBER berisi sebuah urutan panjang dari nol bytes.
Gunakan --sparse=never untuk mencegah pembuatan dari berkas sparse.
Ketika --reflink[=always] dispesifikasikan, lakukan penyalinan ringan, dimana
data blok disalin hanya ketika termodifikasi. Jika ini tidak memungkinkan
penyalinan akan gagal, atau jika --reflink=auto dispesifikasikan, kembali ke standar penyalinan.
Konfigurasi kombinasi:
* [-]LCASE sama seperti [-]lcase
cbreak sama seperti -icanon
-cbreak sama seperti icanon
Konfigurasi kontrol:
[-]clocal nonaktifkan sinyal kontrol modem
[-]cread bolehkan masukan untuk diterima
* [-]crtscts aktifkan RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set ukuran karakter ke N bits, N dalam [5..8]
Tampilan nilai berada dalam satuan dari BESAR pertama yang tersedia dari --block-size,
dan %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE dan variabel lingkungan BLOCKSIZE.
Jika tidak, satuan baku ke 1024 bytes (atau 512 jika POSIXLY_CORRECT diset).
Setiap FLAG simbol bisa berupa:
append mode append (berguna hanya untuk keluaran; conv=notrunc disarankan)
Setiap MODE adalah dalam bentuk '[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Contoh:
%s -12 berkas1 berkas2 Hanya cetak baris yang ada dalam berkas1 dan berkas2.
%s -3 berkas1 berkas2 Cetak baris dalam berkas1 bukan dalam berkas2, dan sebaliknya.
Contoh:
%s /usr/bin/sort Keluaran "sort".
%s include/stdio.h Keluaran "stdio".
Contoh:
%s /usr/bin/sort Keluar "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Keluar ".".
Contoh:
%s f - g Keluarkan isi f, kemudian masukan standar, kemudian isi g.
%s Salin masukan standar ke keluaran standar.
Contoh:
%s root /u Ubah pemilik dari /u ke "root".
%s root:staff /u Seperti, tetapi juga ubah grupnya ke "staff".
%s -hR root /u Ubah pemilik dari /u dan subfiles ke "root".
Contoh:
%s staff /u Ubah grup dari /u ke "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Ubah grup dari /u dan berkas dibawahnya ke "staff".
Kecuali untuk -h dan -L, seluruh BERKAS yang terhubung test dereference link simbolik.
Hati hati kalau tanda petik harus di escaped (e.g., dengan backslash) untuk shell.
INTEGER mungkin juga -l STRING, yang dievaluasi ke panjang dari STRING.
Status Keluar adalah 0 jika EKSPRESI adalah null atau 0, 1 jika EKSPRESI adalah nol
atau 0, 2 jika EKSPRESI adalah secara sintaks tidak valid, dan 3 jika sebuah error ditemui.
Status keluar:
0 jika OK,
1 jika ada masalah kecil (contoh: tidak dapat mengakses direktori dibawahnya),
2 jika ada masalah besar (contoh: tidak dapat mengakses argumen baris perintah).
FORMAT kontrol keluaran seperti dalam C printf. Interpretasikan urutan seperti:
\" tanda petik
FORMAT kontrol dari keluaran. Urutan yang diinterpretasikan adalah:
%% sebuah literal %
%a locale penyingkatan nama weekday (contoh, Sun)
Tangani baris tty yang terhubung ke standar masukan. Tanpa argumen,
tampilkan baud rate, baris disiplin, dan deviasi dari stty sane. Dalam
konfigurasi, CHAR diambil secara literal, atau dikodekas seperti dalam ^c, 0x37, 0177 atau
127; nilai spesial ^- atau undef digunakan untuk menonaktifkan karakter spesial.
Jika -e memiliki efek, urutan berikut akan dikenali:
Jika BERKAS adalah -, shred standar keluaran.
Hapus BERKAS jika --remove (-u) dispesifikasikan. Default adalah tidak menghapus
berkas karena ini biasa untuk beroperasi di perangkat berkas seperti /dev/hda,
dan berkas tersebut biasanya seharusnya tidak dihapus. Ketika beroperasi di berkas
umum, kebanyakan orang menggunakan pilihan --remove.
Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s seperti BERKAS adalah umum.
Jika ARG1 ARG2 diberikan, -m diasumsikan: `am i' atau `mom likes' seperti biasa.
Jika BERKAS dispesifikasikan, baca itu untuk menentukan warna mana yang digunakan untuk
tipe berkas dan extensinya. Jika tidak , sebuah database yang tersedia digunakan.
Untuk lebih detail dalam format dari berkas ini, jalankan `dircolors --print-database'.
Jika PERTAMA atau PENINGKATAN diabaikan, ini default ke 1. Oleh karena itu, sebuah
pengabaian PENINGKATAN default ke 1 walaupun akhir lebih kecil dari PERTAMA.
PERTAMA, PENINGKATA, dan TERAKHIR diintepretasikan sebagai nilai floating point.
PENINGKATAN biasanya positif jika PERTAMA lebih kecil dari TERAKHIR, dan
PENINGKATAN biasanya negatif jika PERTAMA lebih besar dari TERAKHIR.
Jika MODE adalah `0' maka aliran yang berhubungan tidak akan disangga.
Jika MODE adalah `L' maka aliran yang berhubungan akan berupa baris bersangga.
Pilihan ini tidak valid dengan standar masukan.
Jika sebuah BERKAS adalah -, salin kembali ke standar keluaran.
Jika format pemanggilan pertama dan kedua kedua diaplikasikan, format kedua diasumsikan
jika operand terakhir diawali dengan + atau (jika disana ada 2 operand) sebuah digit.
Sebuah OFSET operand berarti -j OFSET. LABEL adalah pseudo-address
di byte pertama yang ditampilkan, naikan ketika dump berjalan.
Untuk OFFSET dan LABEL, sebuah awalan 0x atau 0X mengindikasikan hexadesimal;
akhiran mungkin . untuk oktal dan b untuk kelipatan dari 512.
Jika tidak ada perintah yang diberikan, jalankan ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Jika standar masukan adalah sebuah terminal, redirect itu dari /dev/null.
Jika standar keluaran adalah sebuah terminal, tambahkan keluaran ke `nohup.out' jika memungkinkan,
'$HOME/nohup.out' jika tidak.
Jika standar error adalah sebuah terminal, redirect itu ke standar keluaran.
Untuk menyimpan BERKAS keluaran, gunakan `%s PERINTAH > BERKAS'.
Jika perintah kehabisan waktu, ketika kita keluar dengan status 124,
jika tidak, keluar dengan status dari PERINTAH.
Jika tidak ada sinyal yang dispesifikasikan, sinyal TERM dikirimkan. Sinyal TERM
akan mematikan proses yang tidak memblok atau menangkap sinyal ini. Untuk proses lain,
ini mungkin perlu menggunakan sinyal KILL(9), karena sinyal ini tidak dapat
ditangkap.
Jika karakter pertama dari K (jumlah dari bytes atau baris adalah sebuah `+',
tampilkan awal dengan bagian ke K dari awal dari setiap berkas, jika tidak,
tampilkan bagian terakhir ke K dari berkas. K mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Konfigurasi masukan:
[-]brkint break disebabkan sebuah sinyal interupsi
[-]icrnl translasikan carriage return ke baris baru
[-]ignbrk abaikan karakter break
[-]igncr abaikan carriage return
K mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Lisensi GPLv3+; GNU GPL versi 3 atau selanjutnya
Ini adalah software bebas; anda bebas untuk mengubah dan mendistribusikannya.
Tidak ada GARANSI, selama masih diijinkan oleh hukum.
Konfigurasi lokal:
[-]crterase echo karakter erase seperti backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill hapus seluruh baris dengan mengikuti konfigurasi echoprt dan echoe
* -crtkill hapus seluruh baris dengan mengikuti konfigurasi echoctl dan echok
CATATAN: Jika PERINTAH disesuaikan dengan penyangga dari aliran standar (`tee'
melakukan hal ini) maka itu akan memaksa perubahan konfigurasi yang berhubungan dengan
`stdbuf'. Juga bebera penyaring (seperti `dd' dan `cat' dlsb.) jangan gunakan aliran untuk I/O,
dan sehingga tidak terpengaruh oleh konfigurasi `stdbuf'.
CATAT: [ hargai pilihan --help dan --version, tetapi test tidak.
memperlakukan test dari setiap itu seperti memperlakukan STRING tidak kosong lain.
CATAT: shell anda mungkin memiliki versinya sendiri dari %s, yang biasanya supersedes
dari versi yang dijelaskan disini. Tolong lihat ke dokumentasi shell anda
untuk detail mengenai pilihan yang didukung.
Catat bahwa pilihan -d dan -t menerima format waktu-tanggal berbeda.
Catat bahwa pilihan -r dan -s adalah mutually exclusive.
Catat, perbandingan menghargai aturan dispesifikasikan oleh `LC_COLLATE'.
Catat: 'uniq' tidak mendeteksi pengulangan baris kecuali mereka berurutan.
Anda mungkin ingin mengurutkan masukan pertama, atau gunakan `sort -u' tanpa `uniq'.
Juga, perbandingan menghargain aturan yang dispesifikasikan oleh `LC_COLLATE'.
Opsional - sebelum KONFIGURASI mengindikasikan negasi. Sebuah tanda * konfigurasi
non-POSIX. Sistem yang berjalan mendefinisikan dimana konfigurasi yang tersedia.
MODE adalah sebuah angka yang mungkin diikuti oleh salah sati dari akhiran berikut:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, dan selanjutnya untuk G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Dalam kasus ini aliran yang berhubungan akan tersangga sepenuhnya dengan ukuran
penyangga di set ke MODE bytes.
Konfigurasi keluaran:
* bsN gaya backspace delay, N dalam [0..1]
* crN gaya carriage return delay, N dalam [0..3]
* ffN gaya form feed delay, N dalam [0..1]
* nlN gayal baris baru delay, N dalam [0..1]
Pemilik tidak diubah jika hilang. Grup tidak diubah jika hilang, tetapi ubah
ke grup login jika diimplikasikan oleh sebuah `:' diikuti sebuah simbolik PEMILIK.
PEMILIK dan GRUP boleh berupa numerik seperti juga simbolik.
POS adalah F[.C][OPTS], dimana F adalah jumlah field dan C adalah posisi karakter
dalam daerah itu; asal keduanya adalah 1. Jika tidak -t atau -b yang memiliki efek, karakter
dalam sebuah field dihitung dari awal yang diawali dengan spasi. OPTS adalah
satu atau lebih pilihan pengurutan huruf-tunggal, yang memaksa pengurutan global
pilihan untuk kunci itu. Jika tidak ada kunci yang diberikan, gunakan seluruh baris sebagai kunci.
UKURAN mungkin diikuti dengan akhiran pengali berikut:
Menampilkan nilai dari EKSPRESI dari keluaran standar. Baris kosong dibawah
dipisahkan awalan grup meningkat. EKSPRESI bisa:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 jika ini bukan null atau 0, jika tidak ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 jika bukan argumen adalah nol atau 0, jika tidak 0
RADIX adalah d untuk desimal, o untuk oktal, x untuk heksadesimal atau n untuk kosong.
BYTES adalah heksadesimal dengan awalan 0x atau 0X, dan mungkin memiliki sebuah akhiran pengali:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, dan seterusnya untuk T, P, E, Z, Y.
Menambahkan sebuah akhiran z untuk semua type karakter yang bisa ditampilkan di akhir dari setiap
baris keluaran.
Baca standard masukan jika BERKAS adalah -. Setiap POLA mungkin:
Laporkan %s bugs ke %s
Laporkan bugs ke: %s
SET dispesifikasikan sebagai karakter strings. Kebanyakan represent dirinya sendiri.
Urutan yang diinterpretasikan adalah:
\NNN karakter dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampa 3 oktal digit)
\\ backslash
\a BEL yang dapat didengar
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n baris baru
\r kembali
\t horisontal tab
SINYAL mungkin sebuah nama sinyal seperti `HUP', atau sebuah nomor sinyal. seperti `1',
atau sebuah status keluaran dari sebuah proses diakhiri oleh sebuah sinyal.
PID adalah sebuah integer; Jika negatif ini diidentifikasikan sebuah proses grup.
SIZE adalah sebuah nomor. Untuk TIPE dalam doux, SIZE mungkin juga C untuk
sizeof(char), S untuk sizeof(short), I untuk sizeof(int) atau L untuk
sizeof(long). Jika TYPE adalah f, SIZE mungkin juga F untuk sizeof (float), D
untuk sizeof (double) atau L untuk sizeof(long double).
UKURAN juga bisa diawali dengan satu dari karakter pengubah berikut:
`+' menambahkan, `-' mengurangi, `<' maksimal, `>' minimal,
`/' membulatkan kebawah ke kelipatan dari, `%' membulatkan keatas ke kelipatan dari.
BESAR mungkin (atau mungkin sebuah integer dan opsional diikuti oleh) satu dari berikut:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, dan selanjutnya untuk G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Mengirim sebuah %s sinyal ke proses `dd' yang sedang berjalan membuatnya
menampilkan statistik I/O ke standar error dan kemudian melanjutkan penyalinan.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) tersalin, 34.6279 detik, 271 MB/s
Pilihan adalah:
Karakter spesial:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti terminal saat masukan diflush
eof CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah akhir dari berkas (akhiri masukan)
eof CHAR CHAR akan akhir dari baris
Konfigurasi spesial:
N set kecepatan masukan dan keluaran ke N bauds
* cols N beritahu kernel bahwa terminal memilik N kolom
* columns N sama seperti cols N
TIPE dibuat dari satu atau lebih dari spesifikasi berikut:
a karakter bernama, mengabaikan high-order bit
c karakter ASCII atau backslash escape
Akhiran backup adalah `~', kecuali diset dengan --suffix atau SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Metode pengontrol versi mungkin dipilih melalui pilihan --backup atau melalui variabel lingkungan VERSION_CONTROL. Ini adalah nilainya:
Data yang dienkode seperti yang dijelaskan untuk base64 alphabet dalam RFC 3548.
Ketika mendekode, masukan mungkin berisi baris baru sebagai tambahan ke bytes dari
alphabet format dari base64. Gunakan --ignore-garbage untuk mencoba untuk merekover
dari karakter bukan alphabet bytes dalam stream yang dienkode.
Tiga pilihan berikut hanya berguna jika memverifikasi checksums:
--quiet jangan menampilkan OK untuk setiap sukses dalam memverifikasi berkas
--status jangan mengeluarkan apapun, kode status menunjukan sukses
-w, --warn peringatkan tentang format yang tidak sesuai dengan baris checksum
Sum dihitung sesuai dijelaskan dalam %s. Ketika memeriksa, masukan
seharusnya adalah keluaran sebelumnya dari aplikasi ini. Mode default adalah menampilkan
sebuah baris dengan checksum, sebuah karakter mengindikasikan tipe (`*' untuk binary, ` ' untuk
text), dan nama untuk setiap BERKAS.
Urutan format yang valid untuk berkas (tanpa --file-system):
%a Hak akses dalam oktal
%A Hak akses dalam format yang mudah dibaca
%b Jumlah dari blok yang dialokasikan (lihat %B)
%B Jumlah dalam bytes untuk setiap blok yang dilaporkan oleh %b
%C String konteks keamanan SELinux
Aplikasi pemasangan ini menyalin berkas (sering hanya kompilasi) kedalam
lokasi tujuan yang anda pilih. Jika anda ingin untuk mengunduh dan memasang
sebuah paket siap untuk digunakan di sebuah sistem GNU/Linux, anda
seharusnya menggunakan manajer paket seperti yum(1) atau apt-get(1).
Dalam tiga format pertama, salin ASAL ke TUJUUAN atau banyak ASAL ke
DIREKTORI yang sudah ada, ketika menset mode ijin dan kepemilikan/grup.
Dalam bentuk ke 4, buat seluruh komponen dari DIREKTORI yang diberikan.
Untuk menghapus sebuah berkas yang namanya dimulai dengan sebuah `-', sebagai contoh `-foo',
gunakan salah satu dari perintah berikut:
%s -- -f
%s ./-foo
Spesifikasi format tradisional mungkin tercampur; mereka berakumulasi:
-a sama seperti -t a, pilih karakter bernama, mengabaikan high-order bit
-b sama seperti -t o1, pilih oktal bytes
-c sama seperti -t c, pilih ASCII karakter atau backslash escapes
-d sama seperti -t u2, pilih unsigned desimal 2-byte units
Penerjemahaan terjadi jika -d tidak diberikan dan kedua SET1 dan SET2 terlihat.
-t mungkin digunakan jika sedang menerjemahkan. SET2 menambahkan panjang dari
SET1 dengan mengulang karakter terakhir jika diperlukan. Kelebihan karakter
dari SET2 diabaikan. Hanya [:lower:] dan [:upper:] yang dijamin untuk
diekspand dalam urutan meningkat; digunakan dalam SET2 ketika menerjemaahkan, mereka mungkin
hanya digunakan dalam pasangan untuk menspesifikasikan konversi huruf. -s menggunakan SET1 jika tidak
mentranslasikan atau menghapus; kecuali menekan gunakan SET2 dan terjadi setelah
menerjemahkan atau menghapus.
Gunakan satu, dan hanya satu dari -b, -c atau -f. Setiap DAFTAR dibuat dari satu
jangkauan, atau banyak jangkauan dipisahkan oleh koma. Input yang dipilih ditulis
dalam urutan yang sama dengan waktu dibaca, dan ditulis tepat sekali.
Menggunakan warna untuk membedakan tipe berkas adalah tidak aktif baik baku dan
dengan --color=never. Dengan --color=auto, ls mengeluarkan kode warna hanya
ketika standar keluaran terhubung ke sebuah terminal. Variabel lingkungan LS_COLORS
dapat mengubah konfigurasi ini. Gunakan perintah dircolors untuk mengubahnya.
Dengan tanpa BERKAS atau jika BERKAS adalah -, baca Standar Masukan. `-F /' secara default.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca masukan standar.
Dengan tanpa pilihan, menghasilkan keluaran tiga kolom. Kolom satu berisi
baris unik ke BERKAS1, kolom dua berisi baris unik ke BERKAS2.
dan kolom tiga berisi baris umum ke kedua berkas.
Tanpa PILIHAN apapun, menampilkan beberapa informasi identifikasi berguna.
Tulis sebuah represetasi ambigu, oktal byte secara default,
dari BERKAS ke standar keluaran. Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS argumen,
concatenate mereka dalam daftar urutan ke dalam bentuk masukan.
dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] buat sebuah backup untuk setiap berkas tujuan yang sudah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-f, --force jangan tanya sebelum menimpa penulisan
-i, --interactive tanya sebelum menimpa penulisan ke berkas yang sudah ada
Jika anda menspesifikasikan lebih dari salah satu dari -i, -f, -n, hanya yang terakhir yang berpengaruh.
--backup[=CONTROL] membuat sebuah backup dari setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-d, -F, --directory membolehkan superuser untuk mencoba link keras
direktori (catat: mungkin akan gagal karena adanya
pembatasan sistem, bahkan untuk superuser)
-f, --force hapus berkas tujuan yang sudah ada
--backup[=KONTROL] membuat sebuah backup untuk setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
-c (diabaikan)
-C, --compare bandingkan setiap pasangan dari berkas sumber dan tujuan, dan
dalam kasus tertentu, jangan modifikasi tujuan sama sekali
-d, --directory perlakukan seluruh argumen sebagai nama direktori; buat seluruh
komponen dari direktori yang dispesifikasikan
--batch-size=NMERGE gabungkan di NMERGE masukan dalam satu waktu;
untuk penggunaan lebih berkas sementara
--block-size=BESAR gunakan BESAR-byte blok. Lihat format BESAR dibawah
-B, --ignore-backups jangan mendaftar implied masukan berakhir dengan ~
-c dengan -lt; urutkan, dan tampilkan, ctime (waktu dari informasi
status modifikasi berkas terakhir)
dengan -l; menampilkan ctime dan urutkan sesuai nama
jika tidak; urutkan dengan ctime
--complement complement set dari bytes, karakter atau fields yang
dipilih
--files0-from=F baca masukan dari berkas yang dispesifikasikan oleh
nama yang diakhiri-KOSONG dalam berkas F
Jika F adalah - maka baca nama dari standar masukan
-L, --max-line-length tampilkan panjang dari baris terpanjang
-w, --words tampilkan jumlah kata
--files0-from=F ringkas penggunaan disk dari NUL-terminated berkas
nama dispesifikasikan dalam berkas F
jika F adalah - maka baca nama dari standar masukan
-H sama dengan --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca (contoh: 1K 234M 2G)
--si seperti -h, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan 1000 bukan 1024
--group-directories-first
group direktori sebelum berkas.
tambahkan dengan sebuah pilihan --sort, tetapi
penggunaan apapun dari --sort=none (-U) menonaktifkan grup
--help tampilkan bantuan ini dan keluar
--indicator-style=WORD menambahkan indikator dengan style WORD ke nama masukan:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode menampilkan nomor index dari setiap berkas
-I, --ignore=POLA jangan mendaftar implied masukan cocok shell POLA
-k seperti --block-size=1K
--lookup mencoba untuk canonicalize hostname melalui DNS
-m hanya hostname dan pengguna yang berhubungan dengan stdin
-p, --process menampilkan aktif proses dispawn oleh init
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' secara spesial
--preserve-root jangan menghapus `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive hapus direktori dan isinya secara rekursif
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' secara spesial (default)
--preserve-root gagal untuk beroperasi secara rekursif di `/'
--no-preserve-root jangan perlakukan `/' spesial (default)
--preserve-root gagal beroperasi secara rekursif di `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST jangan jaga atribut yang dispesifikasikan
--parents gunakan full nama berkas sumber dibawah DIREKTORI
--one-file-system ketika menghapus sebuah hierarki secara rekursif, lewati
direktori apapun yang ada di sebuah sistem berkas berbeda dari
yang berhubungan dengan argumen baris perintah
--pid=PID dengan -f, akhiri setelah proses ID, PID selesai
-q, --quiet, --silent jangan mengeluarkan header diberikan nama berkas
--retry coba terus untuk membuka sebuah berkas walaupun berkas itu
telah menjadi tidak dapat diakses; berguna ketika mengikuti
nama, contoh, dengan --follow=name
--preserve-context jaga SELinux konteks keamanan
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux konteks keamanan dari berkas dan direktori
--reference=RFILE gunakan RFILE konteks keamanan daripada menspesifikasikan
sebuah nilai KONTEKS
-R, --recursive beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose mengeluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
--ufc-3339=TIMESPEC mengeluarkan tanggal dan jam dalam format RFC 3339.
TIMESPEC=`tanggal', `detik', atau `ns' untuk
tanggal dan jam ke presisi yang diindikasikan.
Tanggal dan jam komponen dipisahkan oleh
sebuah spasi: 2006-08-07 12:34:56+07:00
-s, --set=STRING set waktu dijelaskan oleh STRING
-u, --utc, --universal menampilkan atau menset Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=KATA urutkan berdasarkan dari KATA:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort urutan alami dari nomor versi dalam teks
--strip-trailing-slashes hapus akhiran slash apapun dari setiap SUMBER
argumen
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX memaksa akhiran backup biasa
--suffix=AKHIR tambahkan AKHIRAN ke TEMPLATE. AKHIRAN tidak boleh berisi slash.
Pilihan ini mengindikasikan jika TEMPLATE tidak berakhir dalam X.
--time menampilkan waktu dari terakhir modifikasi dari setiap berkas dalam
direktori, atau subdirektori apapun
--time=WORD menampilkan waktu seperti WORD daripada modifikasi waktu:
atime, access, use, ctim, atau status
--time-style=STYLE menampilkan waktu menggunakan gaya STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT diinterpretasikan seperti `date'
--time-style dengan -l, menampilkan waktu menggunakan gaya STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, local, +FORMAT.
FORMAT diinterpretasikan seperti `date'; jika FORMAT adalah
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies ke
berkas tidak recent dan FORMAT2 ke berkas baru;
jika STYLE di awali dengan `posix-', STYLE
berpengaruh hanya diluar POSIX locale
--verbose tampilkan sebuah diagnosa tepat sebelum setiap
berkas keluaran dibuka
--version keluarkan informasi versi dan keluar
--all tampilkan jumlah dari prosesor yang terpasang
--ignore=N jika memungkinkan, abaikan N satuan pemrosesan
Besar Isi Sisa Isi%% Inode IIsi IBebas IIsi%% Besar Isi Sisa Isi%% -evenp sama seperti -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase sama seperti xcase iuclc olcuc
litout sama seperti -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout sama seperti parenb istrip opost cs7
nl sama seperti -icrnl -onlcr
-nl sama seperti icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb gunakan dua stop bit per karakter (satu dengan `-')
[-]hup kirim sebuah sinyal hangup ketika proses terakhir tutup dengan tty
[-]hupcl sama seperti [-]hup
[-]parenb hasilkan bit parity dalam keluaran dan harapkan parity bit dalam masukan
[-]parodd set odd parity (bahkan dengan `-')
[-]ignpar abaikan karakter dengan parity error
* [-]imaxbel beep dan jangan flush sebuah masukan lengkap buffer dalam sebuah karakter
[-]inlcr translasikan baris baru ke carriage return
[-]inpck aktifkan pengecheckan masukan parity
[-]istrip hapus atas (ke 8) bit dari karakter masukan
[-]isig aktifkan interupsi, quit, dan suspend spesial karakter
[-]noflsh non-aktifkan flushing setelah interupsi dan spesial karakter quit
* [-]prterase sama seperti [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop hentikan pekerjaan dibelakan yang mencoba untuk menulis ke terminal
* [-]xcase dengan icanon, escape dengan `\' untuk karakter huruf besar
cooked sama seperti brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof dan eol karakter ke nilai defaultnya
-cooked sama seperti mentah
crt sama seperti echoe echoctl echoke
dec sama seperti echoe echoctl echoke ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq sama seperti [-]ixany
ek erase dan kill karakter ke nilai defaultnya
evenp sama seperti parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set kecepatan masukan ke N
* line N gunakan line disiplin N
min N dengan -icanon, set N karakter minimum untuk sebuah pembacaan selesai
ospeed N set kecepatan keluaran ke N
oddp sama seperti parenb parodd cs7
-oddp sama seperti -parenb cs8
[-]parity sama seperti [-]evenp
pass8 sama seperti -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 sama seperti parenb istrip cs7
raw sama seperti -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw sama seperti cooked
sane sama seperti cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, semua karakter
spesial ke nilai defaultnya.
stop CHAR CHAR akan menghentikan keluaran
susp CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti terminal
* swtch CHAR CHAR akan mengubah ke lapisan shell yang berbeda
* werase CHAR CHAR akan menghapus kata terakhir yang diketik
%% sebuah %
%b ARGUMEN sebagai sebuah string dengan `\' escapes diinterpretasikan,
kecuali oktal tersebut escapes adalah dalam bentuk \0 atau \0NNN
dan seluruh spesifikasi C format berakhir dengan satu dari diouxXfeEgGcs, dengan
ARGUMEN diubah ke type yang sesuai terlebih dahulu. Lebar variabel ditangani terlebih dahulu.
%A locale's nama lengkap hari (contoh, Minggu)
%b locale's singkatan nama bulan (contoh, Jan)
%B locale's nama lengkap bulan (contoh, Januari)
%c locale's tanggal dan waktu (contoh, Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C abad; seperti %Y, kecuali mengabaikan dua digit terakhir (contoh, 20)
%d hari dari bulan (contoh, 01)
%D tanggal; sama seperti %m/%d/%y
%e hari dari bulan, spasi dipadded; sama seperti %_d
%F tanggal lengkap; sama seperti %Y-%m-%d
%g dua digit terakhir dari tahun dari ISO nomor minggu (lihat %G)
%G tahun dari ISO nomor minggu (lihat %V); biasanya berguna hanya dengan %V
%S detik (00..60)
%t sebuah tab
%T waktu; sama seperti %H:%M:%S
%u hari dari minggu (1..7); 1 adalah Senin
%U nomor minggu dari tahun, dengan Minggu sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (00..53)
%V ISO nomor minggu, dengan Senin sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (01..53)
%w hari dari minggu (0..6); 0 adalah Minggu
%W nomor minggu dari tahun, dengan Senin sebagai hari pertama dari minggu (00..53)
%d Nomor perangkat dalam desimal
%D Nomor perangkat dalam heksadesimal
%f Mode mentah dalam heksadesimal
%F Tipe berkas
%g Grup ID dari pemilik
%G Nama ID dari pemilik
%h Jumlah dari hard links
%i Jumlah dari inode
%n Nama berkas
%N Quote nama berkas dengan dereference jika link simbolik
%o Ukuran blok I/O
%s Ukuran total, dalam bytes
%t Tipe perangkat major dalam heksadesimal
%T Tipe perangkat minor dalam heksadesimal
%h sama seperti %b
%H jam (00...23)
%I jam (01...12)
%j hari dari tahun (001...366)
%i ID Sistem Berkas dalam heksadesimal
%l Panjang maksimal dari nama berkas
%n Nama berkas
%s Besar blok (untuk transfer lebih cepat)
%S Besar blok fundamental (untuk jumlah blok)
%t Tipe dalam heksadesimal
%T Tipe dalam format yang mudah dibaca
%k jam ( 0..23)
%l jam ( 1..12)
%m bulan (01..12)
%M menit (00..59)
%n sebuah baris baru
%N nano detik (000000000..999999999)
%p persamaan locale's baik AM atau PM; kosong jika tidak diketahui
%P seperti %p, tetap menggunakan huruf kecil
%r locale's 12-jam waktu (contoh, 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-jam jam dan menit; sama seperti %H:%M
%s detik sejak 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u ID Pengguna dari pemilik
%U Nama pengguna dari pemilik
%x Waktu terakhir diakses
%X Waktu terakhir diakses sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%y Waktu terakhir dimodifikasi
%Y Waktu terakhir dimodifikasi sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%z Waktu terakhir diubah
%Z Waktu terakhir diubah sebagai detik sejak Epoch
%x locale's representasi tanggal (contoh, 12/31/99)
%X locale's representasi waktu (contoh, 21:13:48)
%y dua digit terakhir dari tahun (00..99)
%Y tahun
%z +hhmm daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +0700)
%:z +hh:mm daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +07:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss daerah waktu numerik (contoh, +07:00:00)
%:::z daerah waktu numerik dengan : dibutuhkan untuk presisi (contoh, +07, +08:30)
%Z singkatan daerah waktu alphabet (contoh, WIT)
+ TOKEN interpretasikan TOKEN sebagai sebuah string, walaupun ini adalah sebuah
keyword seperti `match'atau sebuah operator seperti `/'
( EXPRESSION ) nilai dari EKSPRESI
--output-delimiter=STR pisahkan kolom dengan STR
--userspec=PENGGUNA:GRUP spesifikasikan pengguna dan grup (ID atau nama) yang digunakan
--groups=G_LIST spesifikasikan grup tambahan sebagai g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-A, --address-radix=RADIX tentukan bagaimana berkas ofset ditampilkan
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES lewati BYTES masukan awal byte
-A, --auto-reference keluarkan secara otomatis referensi yang dihasilkan
-G, --traditional berperilaku lebih seperti System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING gunakan STRING untuk flagging pemotongan baris
-B, --block-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE-byte blok
-b, --bytes sama seperti `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total menghasilkan jumlah total
-D, --dereference-args dereference hanya symlink yang terdaftar di
baris perintah
-C mendaftar masukan dengan kolom
--color[=KAPAN] mengontrol apakah warna digunakan untuk membedakan tipe
berkas. KETIKA bisa `never', `always', atau `auto'. Informasi lebih lanjut dibawah
-d, --directory daftar masukan direktori daripada isi,
dan jangan mendereference link simbolik
-D, --dired menghasilkan keluarkan didesign untuk Emacs' dired mode
-D buat seluruh komponen awal dari TUJUAN kecuali terakhir,
kemudian salin ASAL ke TUJUAN
-g, --group-GROUP set kepemilikan grup, daripada proses' grup sekarang
-m, --mode=MODE set mode ijin (seperti dalam chmod), daripa rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set kepemilikan (pengguna-super saja)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
gunakan FORMAT untuk header tanggal
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand masukan CHAR (TAB) ke LEBAR tab (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
gunakan form feed daripada baris baru untuk memisahkan halaman
(dengan 3 baris per halaman header dengan -F atau sebuah 5 baris header
dan trailer tanpat -F)
-G, --no-group dalam sebuah listing panjang, jangan menampilkan nama grup
-h, --human-readable dengan -l, menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca
(contoh, 1K 234M 2G)
--si sama seperti diatas, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan 1000 bukan 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
ikuti link simbolik terdaftar di baris perintah
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
mengikuti setiap baris perintah link simbolik
yang menunjuk ke sebuah direktori
--hide=POLA jangan mendaftar implied masukan cocok shell POLA
(overriden dengan -a atau -A)
-I tanya sekali sebelum menghapus lebih dari tiga berkas, atau
ketika menghapus secara rekursif. Kurang intrusive daripada -i,
ketika tetap memberikan proteksi terhadap setiap kesalahan
--interactive[=WHEN] tanya menurut WHEN: never, once (-I), atau
always (-i). Tanpa WHEN, selalu bertanya
-L BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah link simbolik (sama seperti -h)
-O BERKAS BERKAS ada dan dimiliki oleh efektif ID pengguna
-p BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah named pipe
-r BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin membaca diberikan
-s BERKAS BERKAS ada dan memiliki ukuran lebih besar dari nol
-L, --dereference dereferensikan seluruh link simbolik
-P, --nodereference jangan ikuti simbolik link apapun (inidefault)
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-S, --separate-dirs jangan memasukan ukuran dari subdirektori
-s, --summarize tampilkan hanya sebuah total dari setiap argumen
-L, --logical gunakan PWD dari lingkungan, bahkan jika itu berisi symlinks
-P, --physical hindari semua symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING nama macro yang digunakan daripada `xx'
-O, --format=roff menghasilkan keluaran seperti direktif roff
-R, --rigth-side-refs letakan referensi dikanan, tidak dihitung dalam -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP untuk akhir dari baris atau akhir dari kalimat
-T, --format=tex menghasilkan keluaran seperti direktif Tex
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES batasi dump ke BYTE masukan byte
-S, --strings[=BYTES] keluarkan string dari paling tidak karakter BYTES gambar
-t, --format=TYPE pilih format keluaran atau format
-v, --output-duplicates jangan gunakan * untuk menandai penekanan baris
-w, --width[=BYTES] keluarkan byte BYTES per baris keluaran
--traditional menerima argumen dalam format tradisional
-P, --portability gunakan format keluaran POSIX
--sync menjalankan sync sebelum memperoleh informasi penggunaan
-t, --type=TYPE membatasi daftar dari sistem berkas dari tipe TIPE
-T, --print-type menampilkan tipe sistem berkas
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE membatasi daftar dari sistem berkas bukan dari tipe TIPE
-v (diabaikan)
-S mengurutkan dengan ukuran berkas
--sort=WORD urutkan dengan WORD daripada dari nama: none -U,
ekstensi -X, besar -S, waktu -t, versi -v
--time=WORD dengan -l, menampilkan waktu seperti WORD daripada modifikasi
waktu; atime -u; access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
atau status -c; gunakan spesifikasi waktu sebagai kunci pengurut
jika --sort=time
-S BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah sebuah socket
-t FD berkas deskripsi FD dibuka di sebuah terminal
-u BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki set-user-ID bit diset
-w BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin tulis diberikan
-x BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ijin menjalankan (atau pencarian) ada
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override akhiran backup biasa
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY spesifikasikan DIREKTORI yang akan dibuat
untuk link
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan LINK_NAME sama seperti berkas normal
-v, --verbose menampilkan nama dari setiap berkas yang terhubung
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
pisahkan kolom dengan STRING,
tanpa -S: Pemisah default dengan -J dan
jika tidak (sama seperti -S" "), tidak berpengaruh di pilihan kolom
-t, --omit-header abaikan header halaman dan akhiran
-T, --omit-pagination
abaikan header dan trailers halaman, hapus pagination apapun
dari form feeds diset dalam berkas masukan
-v, --show-nonprinting
gunakan notasi oktal backslash
-w PAGE_WIDTH, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set lebar halaman ke PAGE_WIDTH (72) karakter untuk
keluaran multiple text-kolom saja, -s[char] matikan (72)
-T, -w, --mesg menambahkan status pesan pengguna seperti +, - atau ?
-u, --users daftar pengguna yang sedang memakai sistem
--message sama seperti -T
--writable sama seperti -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set lebar halaman ke selalu PAGE_WIDTH (72) karakter,
potong baris, kecuali pilihan -J diset, no interference
dengan -S atau -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP gunakan REGEXP untuk mencocokan setiap keyword
-b, --break-file=BERKAS karakter pemisah kata dalam BERKAS ini
-f, --ignore-case ubah huruf kecil ke huruf besar untuk pengurutan
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER ukuran gap dalam kolom diantara fields keluaran
-i, --ignore-file=FILE baca daftar kata yang diabaikan dari BERKAS
-o, --only-file=FILE baca hanya daftar kata saja dari BERKAS ini
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari NAMA ke CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari setiap NAMA ke CTX
-a ubah hanya waktu akses
-c, --no-create jangan buat berkas apapun
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING dan gunakan itu daripada waktu sekarang
-f (diabaikan)
-a, --across menampilkan kolom across daripada turun, gunakan bersama
dengan -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
gunakan notasi topi (^G) dan notasi backslash oktal
-d, --double-space
keluaran menggunakan dua spasi
-a, --all termasuk sistem berkas dummy
-B, --block-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE-byte blok
-h, --human-readable menampilkan ukuran dalam format yang mudah dibaca (contoh , 1K 234 M 2G)
-H, --si sama seperti itu, tetapi menggunakan kelipatan dari 1000 bukan 1024
-a, --all tulis jumlah untuk seluruh berkas, tidak hanya direktori
--apparent-size menampilkan ukuran sebenarnya, daripada penggunaan disk; walaupun
ukuran sebenernya biasanya lebih kecil, tetapi mungkin
lebih besar karena adanya holes dalam (`sparse') berkas, internal
fragmentasi, blok tidak langsung, dan seperti itu
-a, --all mengubah seluruh spasi, daripada menyesuaikan spasi inisial
--first-only mengubah hanya awalan urutan dari spasi (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N memiliki tabs N karakter apart daripada 8 (aktifkan -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST menggunakan DAFTAR dipisahkan koma dari posisi tab (aktifkan -a)
-a, --archive sama seperti -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=KONTROL] buat sebuah backup dari setiap berkas tujuan yang telah ada
-b seperti --backup tetapi tidak menerima sebuah argumen
--copy-contents salin isi dari berkas spesial ketika rekursif
-d sama seperti --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N gunakan akhiran dengan panjang N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE pakai UKURAN bytes untuk setiap berkas keluaran
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE pakai di hampis UKURAN bytes dari baris setiap berkas keluaran
-d, --numeric-suffixes gunakan akhiran numerik daripada alphabet
-l, --lines=NUMBER pakai JUMLAH baris setiap berkas keluaran
-b, --before pasang pemisah sebelum daripada sesudah
-r, --regex interpretasikan pemisah sebagai sebuah ekspresi umum
-s, --separator=STRING gunakan STRING sebagai pemisah daripada baris baru
-b, --binary baca dalam mode binary
-b, --binary baca dalam mode binary (default kecuali membaca tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris
-d, --section-delimiter=CC gunakan CC untuk memisahkan halaman logikal
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris footer
-b, --bytes hitung byte daripada kolom
-s, --spaces break di spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH gunakan WIDTH kolom daripada 80
-b, --bytes=LIST pilih hanya bytes ini
-c, --character=LIST pilih hanya karakter ini
-d, --delimiter=DELIM gunakan DELIM daripada TAB untuk bagian pembatas
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks abaikan awalan kosong
-d, --dictionary-order pertimbangkan hanya spasi dan karakter huruf dan angka
-f, --ignore-case ubah karakter huruf kecil ke huruf besar
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT gunakan sprintf FORMAT daripada %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX gunakan PREFIX daripada `xx'
-k, --keep-files jangan menghapus berkas keluaran di errors
-c, --bytes=K keluarkan K bytes terakhir; alternatif, gunakan -c +K untuk
mengeluarkan bytes dimulai dengan ke K dari setiap berkas
-c, --bytes=[-]K tampilkan K byte pertama dari setiap berkas;
dengan awalan `-', menampilkan seluruh tetapi K byte
terakhir dari setiap berkas
-n, --lines=[-]K menampilkan K baris pertama daripada 10 pertama;
dengan awalan `-', menampilkan seluruh tetapi K baris
terakhir dari setiap berkas
-c, --check baca %s sums dari BERKAS dan periksa mereka
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first periksa untuk masukan terurut; jangan urutkan
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent seperti -c, tetapi jangan laporkan baris pertama buruk
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries dengan PROG;
decompress itu dengan PROG -d
--files0-from=F baca masukan dari berkas yang dispesifikasikan oleh
nama yang diakhiri NUL dalam berkas F
-c, --count awali baris dengan jumlah kejadian
-d, --repeated hanya menampilkan baris duplikasi
-c, --crown-margin jaga indentasi dari dua baris pertama
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat hanya baris yang diawali dengan STRING,
reattaching prefix ke baris yang diformat
-s, --split-only split baris panjang, tetapi jangan refill
-c, --no-create jangan buat berkas apapun
-d, --delimiters=LIST gunakan karakter dari LIST daripada dari TAB
-s, --serial paste satu berkas di satu waktu daripada secara paralel
-d, --directory buat sebuah direktori, bukan sebuah berkas
-u, --dry-run jangan buat apapun; hanya tampilkan sebuah nama (tidak aman)
-q, --quiet tekan diagnosa mengenai kegagalan pembuatan berkas/direktori
-e aktifkan interpretasi dari backslash escape
-E non-aktifkan interpretasi dari escape backslash (default)
-e aktifkan interpretasi dari backslash escape (default)
-E non-aktifkan interpretasi dari escape backslash
-e, --echo perlakukan setiap ARG sebagai sebuah baris masukan
-i, --input-range=LO-HI perlakukan setiap nomor LO sampai HI sebagai sebuah baris masukan
-n, --head-count=JUMLAH keluarkan di hampir JUMLAH baris
-o, --output=BERKAS tulis hasil ke BERKAS daripada standar keluaran
--random-source=FILE dapatkan random bytes dari BERKAS
-z, --zero-terminated akhir baris dengan 0 byte, bukan baris baru
-f jangan mengurutkan, aktifkan -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify tambahkan indicator (satu dari *=>@|) untuk masukan
--file-type sama seperti itu, kecuali tidak menambahkan `*'
--format=WORD melewati -x, koma -m, horizontal -x. panjang -l,
satu-kolom -1, verbose -l, vertikal -C
--full-time seperti -l --time-style=full-iso
-f mengabaikan baris dari heading kolom dalam format pendek
-w mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna dalam format pendek
-i mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna dan remote host dalam format pendek
-q mengabaikan nama lengkap pengguna, remote host dan waktu idle
dalam format pendek
-f sama seperti -t fF, pilih floats
-i sama seperti -t dI, pilih desimal ints
-l sama seperti -t dL, pilih desimal longs
-o sama seperti -t o2, pilih oktal 2-byte units
-s sama seperti -t d2, pilih desimal 2-byte units
-x sama seperti -t x2, pilih hexadesimal 2-byte units
-f BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah berkas biasa
-g BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki set-group-ID
-G BERKAS BERKAS ada dan dimiliki oleh efektif grup ID
-h BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini adalah link simbolik (sama seperti -L)
-k BERKAS BERKAS ada dan ini memiliki sticky bit diset
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen yang diberikan nama secara rekursif;
semua tetapi komponen terakhir harus ada
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen dari nama yang diberikan secara rekursif,
semua komponen harus ada
-f, --fields=LIST pilih hanya bagian ini; juga tampilkan baris apapun
yang berisi tidak ada karakter pembatas, kecuali
pilihan -s dispesifikasikan
-n (diabaikan)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
keluarkan data yang ditambahkan sebagai pertumbuhan berkas;
-f, --follow, dan --follow=description adalah
sama
-F sama seperti --follow=name --retry
-f, --force jika sebuah berkas tujuan yang telah ada tidak dapat
dibuka, hapus itu dan coba lagi
-i, --interaktif tanya sebelum menimpa (memaksa sebuah pilihan -n
sebelumnya)
-H ikuti baris-perintah link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-f, --force ubah ijin untuk mengijinkan menulis jika diperlukan
-n, --iterations=N tulis N kali dari pada baku (%d)
--random-source=BERKAS peroleh random byte dari BERKAS
-s, --size=N shred sebanyak bytes ini (akhiran seperti K, M, G diterima)
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan seluruh pesan error
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
--reference=RFILE gunakan mode RFILE daripada nilai MODE
-R, --recursive ubah berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan hampir seluruh pesan error
--reference=RFILE gunakan RFILE grup daripada menspesifikasikan sebuah
nilai GRUP
-R, --rekursif beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
-f, --silent, --quiet tekan hampir seluruh pesan error
--reference=RFILE gunakan pemilik dan grup RFILE daripada
menspesifikasikan nilai PEMILIK:GRUP
-R, --recursive beroperasi di berkas dan direktori secara rekursif
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah pesan diagnosa untuk setiap berkas yang diproses
-g seperti -l, tetapi jangan mendaftar pemilik
-g GID[,GID1...] juga menset ID grup utama ke GID numerik, dan
(jika dispesifikasikan) tambahkan ID grup ke GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort bandingkan menurut nilai numerik umum
-i, --ignore-nonprinting pertimbangkan hanya karakter yang bisa dicetak
-M, --month-sort bandingkan (tidak diketahui) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE gunakan STYLE untuk penomoran baris header
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER nomor baris dinaikan di setiap baris
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER grup dari NOMOR baris kosong dihitung sebagai satu
-n, --number-format=FORMAT masukan nomor baris menurut FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber jangan reset nomor baris ke logikal halaman
-s, --number-separator=STRING tambahkan STRING sesudah (yang mungkin) nomor baris
-h, --header=HEADER
gunakan HEADER ditengah daripada nama berkas dalam halaman header,
-h "" mencetak sebuah baris kosong, jangan menggunakan -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
menggantikan spasi dengan CHAR (TAB) ke LEBAR tab (8)
-J, --join-lines gabungkan baris penuh, matikan -W line truncation, tidak ada kolom
penyesuaian, --sep-string[=STRING] set pemisah
-h, --human-numeric-sort bandingkan dengan angka yang mudah dibaca (seperti, 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference afek setiap link simbolik daripada referensi apapun
berkas (hanya berguna di sistem yang dapat merubah
kepemilikan dari link simbolik)
-h, --no-dereference afek setiap link simbolik daripada referensi apapun
berkas (hanya berguna di sistem yang dapat merubah
kepemilikan dari link simbolik)
-m ubah hanya waktu modifikasi
-i, --ignore-case abaikan perbedaan dalam case ketika membedakan fields
-j FIELD sama dengan ke `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT patuhi FORMAT ketika membuat baris keluaran
-t CHAR gunakan CHAR sebagai pemisah field masukan dan keluaran
-i, --initial jangan mengubah tabs setelah bukan kosong
-t, --tabs=NOMOR jangan tabs NOMOR karakter apart bukan 8
-i, --inodes daftar informasi inode daripada penggunaan blok
-k seperti --block-size=1K
-l, --local batasi daftar dari sistem berkas lokal
--no-sync jangan menjalankan sync sebelum memperoleh informasi penggunaan (default)
-i, --interactive prompt apakah akan menghapus tujuan
-L, --logical buat sambungan keras ke referensi sambungan simbolik
-n, --no-dereference perlakukan tujuan yang merupakan symlink ke sebuah
direktori sama seperti jika ini adalah sebuah berkas normal
-P, --physical buat sambungan keras secara langsung ke sambungan simbolik
-s, --symbolic buat link simbolik daripada link keras
-k seperti --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links hitung ukuran beberapa kali jika hard linked
-m seperti --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] awali sebuah kunci di POS1 (asal 1), akhiri di POS2
(default akhir dari baris)
-m, --merge gabungkan berkas yang sudah diurutkan, jangan urutkan
-l gunakan sebuah format daftar panjang
-L, --dereference ketika menampilkan informasi berkas untuk sebuah
link simbolik, tampilkan informasi untuk berkas referensi
link daripada untuk link itu sendiri
-m isi lebar dengan sebuah masukan yang dipisahkan dengan koma
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set panjang halaman ke PAGE_LENGTH (66) baris
(default jumlah baris dari text 56, dan dengan -F 63)
-m, --merge menampilkan seluruh berkas dalam paralel, satu di setiap kolom,
truncate baris, tetapi gabungkan baris dari lebar panjang lengkap dengan -J
-l, --link berkas link daripada menyalin
-L, --dereference selalu mengikuti link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-l, --login menampilkan proses sistem login
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize dengan mengikuti setiap symlink dalam
setiap komponen dari nama yang diberikan secara rekursif,
tanpa persyaratan di keberadaan komponen
-n, --no-newline jangan mengeluarkan akhiran baris baru
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent menekan hampir seluruh pesan error
-v, --verbose melaporkan pesan error
-m, --mode=MODE set ijin berkas bits ke MODE, bukan a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set mode berkas (seperti dalam chmod), bukan a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents tidak error jika sudah ada, buat direktori orang tua jika dibutuhkan
-v, --verbose tampilkan sebuah pesan untuk setiap direktori yang dibuat
-Z, --context=CTX set konteks keamanan SELinux dari setiap direktori
yang dibuat ke CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS gunakan spesifikasi jumlah dari digit daripada 2
-s, --quiet, --silent jangan menampilkan jumlah dari ukuran berkas keluaran
-z, --elide-empty-files hapus keluaran berkas kosong
-n, --lines=K keluarkan baris K terakhir, daripada terakhir %d;
atau gunakan -n +K ke baris keluaran dimulai dengan ke K
--max-unchanged-stats=N
dengan --follow=name, buka kembali sebuah BERKAS yang belum
berubah ukuran setelah N (default %d) iterasi
untuk melihat apakah ini telah tidak dilink atau diubah nama
(ini biasa untuk berkas log terotasi)
-n, --no-clobber jangan paksa menulis sebuah berkas telah ada
(memaksa pilihan -i sebelumnya)
-P, --no-dereference jangan ikuti link simbolik dalam SUMBER
-n, --numeric-sort bandingkan menurut nilai numerik string
-R, --random-sort urutkan berdasarkan random hash dari kunci
--random-source=BERKAS dapatkan random bytes dari BERKAS
-r, --reverse balik hasil dari komparasi
-n, --numeric-uid-gid seperti -l, tetapi mendaftar pengguna dan grup ID numerik
-N, --literal menampilkan nama masukan raw (jangan perlakukan e.g. kontrol
karakter spesial)
-o, seperti -l, tetapi tidak mendaftar informasi grup
-p, --indicator-style=slash
menambahkan / indikator ke direktori
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
jumlah baris, gunakan DIGITS (5) digits, kemudian SEP (TAB),
default jumlah dimulai dengan baris pertama dari berkas masukan
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
dihitung dimulai dengan NUMBER di baris pertama dari berkas
pertama yang ditampilkan (lihat +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
ofset setiap baris dengan MARGIN (nol) spasi, jangan
pengaruhi dengan -w atau -W, MARGIN akan ditambahkan ke PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
abaikan peringatan ketika sebuah berkas tidak dapat dibuka
-o, --output=FILE tulis hasil ke BERKAS daripada ke standar keluaran
-s, --stable seimbangkan pengurutan dengan menonaktifkan perbandingan terakhir
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE gunakan SIZE untuk buffer memori utama
-p sama seperti --preserve=mode,kepemilikan,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] jaga atribut yang dispesifikasikan (baku:
mode, kepemilikan,timestamps), jika memungkinkan
atribut tambahan: context, links, xattr
all
-p DIREKTORI gunakan DIREKTORI sebagai awalan; mengindikasikan -t [ditinggalkan]
-t interpretasikan TEMPLATE sebagai sebuah nama komponen berkas tunggal,
relatif ke sebuah direktori: $TMPDIR, jika diset; selain itu
direktori relatif melalui -p; selain itu /tmp [ditinggalkan]
-p, --parents hapus DIREKTORI dan pendahulunya. Contoh, `rmdir -p a/b/c' adalah
sama dengan `rmdir a/b/c a/b c'.
-v, --verbose keluarkan sebuah pesan diagnosis untuk setiap direktori yang diproses
-p, --preserve-timestamps jalankan akses/modifikasi waktu dari ASAL berkas
ke berkas tujuan berhubungan
-s, --strip strip tabel simbol
--strip-program=APLIKASI APLIKASI digunakan untuk strip binari
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override akhiran backup biasa
-t, --target-direktori=DIREKTORI salin seluruh argumen ASAL kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-direktory perlakukan DEST sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-v, --verbose menampilkan nama dari setiap direktori seperti telah dibuat
-q, --count seluruh nama login dan jumlah pengguna yang sedang memakai
-r, --runlevel menampilkan seluruh runlevel
-s, --short menampilkan hanya nama, baris, dan waktu (default)
-t, --time menampilkan terakhir waktu sistem berubah
-q, --hide-control-chars menampilkan ? daripada karakter bukan gambar
--show-control-chars menampilkan karakter bukan gambar seperti itu (default
kecuali aplikas adalah `ls' dan output adalah sebuah terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose nama masukan dalam tanda petik
--quoting-style-chars gunakan quoting style KATA untuk masukan nama:
literal, local, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent jangan menampilkan headers memberikan nama berkas
-v, --verbose selalu menampilkan header memberikan nama berkas
-r, --reference=FILE menampilkan modifikasi waktu terakhir dari FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 keluaran tanggal dan waktu di RFC 2822 format.
Contoh: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 +0700
-r, --reference=BERKAS gunakan ukuran BERKAS ini
-s, --size=SIZE gunakan UKURAN ini
-r, --reference=FILE gunakan waktu berkas ini daripada waktu sekarang
-t STAMP gunakan [[CCYY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] daripada waktu sekarang
--time=WORD ubah waktu yang dispesifikasikan:
WORD adalah akses, atime, atau use; sama dengan -a
WORD adalah modify atau mtime: sama dengan -m
-r, --references field pertama dari setiap baris adalah sebuah referensi
-t, --typeset-mode - tidak diimplementasikan -
-w, --width=NUMBER lebar keluaran dalam kolom, referensi diabaikan
-r, --reverse balik urutan ketika mengurutkan
-R, --recursive daftar subdirektori secara rekursif
-s, --size tampilkan ukuran dari setiap berkas yang dialokasikan, dalam blok
-s, --only-delimited jangan menampilkan baris tidak berisi pembatas
--output-delimiter=STRING gunakan STRING sebagai pembatas keluaran
sebagai default yang digunakan sebagai masukan delimiter
-s, --sinyal=SINYAL, -SINYAL
spesifikasikan nama atau nomor dari sinyal untuk dikirim
-l, --list daftar nama sinyal, atau ubah nama sinyal ke/dari nomor
-t, --table tampilkan sebuah tabel dari informasi sinyal
-s, --sleep-interval=N dengan -f, tidur untuk kira-kira N detik
(baku 1.0) diantara interasi.
-v, --verbose selalu mengeluarkan header diberikan nama berkas
-s, --symbolic-link buat link simbolik daripada menyalin
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX memaksa akhir backup biasa
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY salin seluruh argumen SUMBER kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan TUJUAN sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
pisahkan kolom dengan sebuah karakter tunggal, baku untuk CHAR
adalah karakter tanpa -w dan 'no char' dengan -w
-s[CHAR] mematikan pemotongan baris dari seluruh 3 kolom
pilihan (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) kecuali -w diset
-t urutkan sesuai dengan waktu modifikasi
-T, --tabsize=COLS asumsikan tab stops ada di setiap COLS daripada 8
-t sama dengan -vT
-T, --show-tabs tampilkan karakter TAB seperti ^I
-u (diabaikan)
-v, --show-nonprinting gunakan ^ dan M- notasi, kecuali untuk LFD dan TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP gunakan SEP daripada bukan-spase ke perubahan spasi
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR gunakan DIR untuk sementara, bukan $TMPDIR atau %s;
banyak pilihan menspesifikasikan banyak direktori
-u, --unique dengan -c, check untuk pengurutan;
tanpa -c, keluarkan hanya pertama dari sebuah jalan pertama
-t, --tabs=LIST gunakan daftar dipisahkan dengan koma dari posisi tab explicit
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentasi dari baris pertama berbeda dari detik
-u, --uniform-spacing satu spasi diantara words, dua setelah kalimat
-w, --width=WIDTH lebar baris maksimal (default 75 kolom)
-t, --target-directory=DIREKTORI pindahkan seluruh argumen SUMBER kedalam DIREKTORI
-T, --no-target-directory perlakukan TUJUAN sebagai sebuah berkas normal
-u, --update pindahkan hanya ketika berkas SUMBER adalah lebih baru
dari tujuan berkas atau ketika berkas tujuan
hilang
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
-t, --text baca dalam mode text (default jika membaca tty stdin)
-t, --text baca dalam mode text (default)
-u dengan -lt; urutkan dengan, dan tampilkan, waktu akses
dengan -l; tampilkan waktu akses dan urutkan dengan nama
jika tidak; urutkan dengan waktu akses
-U jangan urutkan; daftar masukan dalam urutan direktori
-v urutkan sesuai dengan versi
-u, --remove potong dan hapus berkas setelah di paksa tulis
-v, --verbose tampilkan perkembangan
-x, --exact jangan membulatkan ukuran berkas ke blok berikutnya;
ini adalah default untuk berkas tidak umum
-z, --zero tambahkan sebuah akhir paksa tulis dengan nol untuk menyembunyikan shredding
-u, --update salin hanya ketika berkas SUMBER lebih baru
daripada berkas tujuan atau ketika
berkas tujuan hilang
-v, --verbose jelaskan apa yang sedang dilakukan
-x, --one-file-system tetap di sistem berkas ini
-u, --user=USER set user PENGGUNA dalam target konteks keamanan
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE dalam target konteks keamanan
-t, --type=TYPE set type TIPE dalam target konteks keamanan
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE dalam target konteks keamanan
-v, --kernel-version menampilkan versi dari kernel
-m, --machine menampilkan nama perangkat mesin
-p, --processor menampilkan tipe prosesor atau "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform menampilkan platform perangkat atau "unknown"
-o, --operating-system manampilkan sistem operasi
-v, --starting-line-number=NOMOR nomor baris pertama untuk setiap halaman logikal
-w, --number-width=NOMOR gunakan NOMOR kolom untuk setiap nomor baris
-w, --check-chars=N bandingkan tidak lebih dari N karakter dalam baris
-w, -width=COLS asumsikan lebar layar daripada nilai sekarang
-x daftar masukan dengan baris daripada dengan kolom
-X urutkan secara alphabet dengan ekstensi masukan
-X, --context tampilkan konteks keamanan SELinunx apapun untuk setiap berkas
-1 tampilkan sat berkas per baris
-x, --one-filesystem lewati direktori di sistem berkas berbeda
-X, --exclude-from=BERKAS Exclude berkas yang cocok dari pola apapun dalam BERKAS.
--exclude=POLA Exclude berkas yang cocok dengan POLA.
--max-depth=N menampilkan total untuk sebuah direktori (atau berkas, dengan --all)
hanya jika ini adalah N atau level lebih kecil dibawah perintah
argumen baris; --max-depth=0 sama seperti dalam
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated akhir baris dengan 0 byte, bukan baris baru
Proses dalam
sebuah keadaan tidur tidak dapat diinterupsi juga berkontribusi terhada beban kerja.
[:graph:] seluruh karakter yang bisa dicetak, tidak termasuk spasi
[:lower:] seluruh karakter huruf kecil
[:print:] seluruh karakter yang bisa dicetak, meliputi spasi
[:punct:] seluruh karakter punctuation
[:space:] seluruh horisontal dan vertikal spasi
[:upper:] seluruh huruf besar
[:xdigit:] seluruh angkat heksadesimal
[=CHAR=] seluruh karakter yang sama dengan CHAR
\ONNN byte dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampai 3 digit)
\xHH byte dengan nilai heksadesimal HH (1 sampai 2 digit)
\NNN karakter dengan nilai oktal NNN (1 sampai 3 digit)
\xHH byte dengan nila heksadesimal HH (1 sampai 2 bilangan)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) karakter dengan nilai heksadesimal HHHH (4 bilangan)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode karakter dengan nilai heksadesimal HHHHHHHH (8 bilangan)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c tidak menghasilkan keluaran
\e escape
\f form feed
\n baris baru
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertikal tab
\v vertikal tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 seluruh karakter dari CHAR1 ke CHAR2 dalam urutan meningkat
[CHAR*] dalam SET2, salin CHAR sampai panjang dari SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] ULANG salinan dari CHAR, ULANG oktal jika dimulai dengan 0
[:alnum:] seluruh huruf dan angka
[:alpha:] seluruh huruf
[:blank:] seluruh horisontal spasi
[:cntrl:] seluruh karakter pengontrol
[:digit:] seluruh digit
ascii dari EBCDIC ke ASCII
ebcdic dari ASCII ke EBCDIC
ibm dari ASCII ke alternative EBCDIC
block pad akhiran baris baru disimpan dengan spasi ke ukuran cbs
unblock menimpa akhiran spasi dalam ukuran cbs simpanan dengan baris baru
lcase ubah huruf besar ke huruf kecil
binary gunakan binary I/O untuk data
cio gunakan I/O bersamaan untuk data
d[SIZE] signed desimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] oktal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned desimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadesimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct gunakan I/O langsung untuk data
direktori gagal kecuali sebuah direktori
dsync gunakan I/O tersinkron untuk data
fullblock akumulasikan blok penuh dari masukan (hanya iflag)
if=FILE baca dari BERKAS daripada dari stdin
iflag=FLAGS baca sebagai daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
obs=BYTES tulis BYTES byte dalam satu waktu
of=BERKAS tulis ke BERKAS daripada ke stdout
oflag=FLAGS tulis sebagai daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
seek=BLOK lewati BLOK sebesar obs blok di awal dari keluaran
skip=BLOK lewati BLOK sebesar ibs blok di awal dari masukan
status=noxfer tekan statistik transfer
noatime jangan perbaharui waktu akses
nocreat jangan buat berkas keluaran
excl gagal jika berkas keluaran telah ada
notrunc jangan truncate berkas keluaran
ucase ubah huruf kecil ke huruf besar
swab swap setiap pasangan dari byte masukan
noctty jangan assign pengontrol terminal dari berkas
noerror melanjutkan setelah pembacaan error
sync pad setiap masukan blok dengan NUL ke ukuran ibs; ketika digunakan
dengan blok atau unblok, pad dengan spasi daripada dengan NUL
fdatasync secara fisik tulis berkas keluaran data sebelum selesai
fsync sama seperti, tetapi juga tulis metadata
nofollow jangan ikuti symlinks
nolinks gagal jika multiply-linked
nonblock gunakan I/O non-blok
none, off tidak pernah membuat backup (walaupun jika --backup diberikan)
numbered, t buat backup bernomor
existing, nil bernomor jika backup bernomor ada, simple jika tidak
simple, never selalu membuat backup sederhana
sync sama seperti itu, tetapi juga untuk metadata
text gunakan teks I/O untuk data
%4s-blok Isi Sisa Isi%% %H:%M%P %s-blok Isi Sisa Kapasita (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho karakter pengontrol echo dalam notasi top (`^c')
[-]echo echo karakter masukan
* [-]echoctl sama seperti [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe sama seperti [-]crterase
[-]echok echo sebuah baris baru sesudah karakter hapus
* [-]echoke sama seperti [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo baris baru meskipun jika tidak mengecho karakter lain
* [-]echoprt echo karakter hapus backward, diantara `\' dan `/'
[-]icanon aktifkan erase, kill, werase, dan rprnt karakter spesial
[-]iexten aktifkan karakter spesial non-POSIX
* [-]iuclc tranlasikan karakter huruf besar ke huruf kecil
* [-]ixany biarkan karakter apapun mengulang keluaran, tidak hanya karakter awal
[-]ixoff aktifkan pengiriman karakter start/stop
[-]ixon aktifkan pengontrol arus XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk tandai parity error (dengan sebuah urutan 255-0-karakter)
[-]tandem sama seperti [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 asumsikan karakter masukan adalah terenkode dalam UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl translasikan carriage return ke baris baru
* [-]ofdel gunakan karakter del untuk mengisi daripada karakter kosong
* [-]ofill gunakan isi (tambah) karakter daripada pewaktu untuk delay
* [-]olcuc translasikan karakter huruf kecil ke huruf besar
* [-]onlcr translasikan baris baru ke carriage return-baris baru
* [-]onlret baris baru menperformasikan sebuah carriage return
* [-]onocr jangan menampilkan carriage return dalam kolom pertama
[-]opost postprocess keluaran
* tabN gaya horisontal tab delay, N dalam [0..3]
* tabs sama seperti tab0
* -tabs sama seperti tab3
* vtN gaya vertikal tab delay, N dalam [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR CHAR alternatif untuk akhir dari baris
erase CHAR CHAR akan menghapus akhir dari karakter terakhir yang diketik
intr CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sinyal interupsi
kill CHAR CHAR akan menghapus baris sekarang
* lnext CHAR CHAR akan memasukan karakter berikutnya quoted
quit CHAR CHAR akan mengirim sebuah sinyal berhenti
* rprnt CHAR CHAR akan menggambar ulang baris sekarang
start CHAR CHAR akan mengulang keluaran setelah menyetopnya
* rows N beritahu kernel bahwa terminal memiliki N baris
* size tampilkan jumlah dari baris dan kolom menurut yang ada di kernel
speed tampilkan kecepatan terminal
time N Dengan -icanon, set timeout baca untuk N persepuluh dari detik
??:???? Dipasang di
TTY konteks=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= lama repetisi di %s
% 1% dari memori, b 1, K 1024 (default), dan seterusnya untuk M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
*** PERINGATAN ***
Lokal yang dispesifikasikan oleh lingkungan berefek ke cara pengurutan.
Set LC_ALL=C untuk memperoleh cara pengurutan tradisional yang menggunakan
nilai byte asli.
%.*s: spesifikasi konversi tidak valid %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu pengguna %lu pengguna %s %s (untuk regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] berakhir secara tidak normal %s dan %s adalah berkas yang sama %s ada tetapi bukan sebuah direktori %s telah muncul; mengikuti akhir dari berkas baru %s telah menjadi dapat diakses %s telah menjadi tidak dapat diakses %s telah digantikan dengan sebuah berkas 'remote'; menyerah untuk nama ini %s telah diganti dengan berkas yang tidak dapat ditail; menyerah untuk nama ini %s telah diganti; mengikuti akhir dari berkas baru %s memiliki tipe berkas tidak diketahui %s adalah tidak berguna, kelihatannya memiliki ukuran negatif %s halaman rumah: <%s>
%s halaman rumah:
%s bukan sebuah valid positif integer %s terlalu besar %s mungkin hanya bisa digunakan dalam kernel SELinux %s telah dispesifikasikan tetapi %s belum %s%s argumen `%s' terlalu besar %s: %s terlalu besar yang ini tidak direpresentasikan %s: %s: nomor baris hilang dari jangkauan %s: %s: cocok tidak ditemukan %s: %s:%s: tidak terurut: %s: GAGAL membuka atau membaca
%s: Tidak ada pengguna seperti itu %s: `}' dibutuhkan dalam jumlah berulang %s: operator binary diharapkan %s: dapat membuat relative link simbolik hanya dalam direktori sekarang %s: tidak dapat mengubah mode nonblocking %s: tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk ID pengguna %lu
%s: tidak dapat mengikuti akhir dari berkas tipe ini; menyerah di nama ini %s: tidak dapat lseek ke posisi original %s: tidak dapat overwrite direktori %s: gagal rewind %s: tidak dapat mencari %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset akhir-relatif %s %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset %s %s: tidak dapat mencari ofset relatif %s %s: tidak dapat menshred tambah-saja berkas deskripsi %s: tidak dapat melewati %s: tidak dapat melewati ofset yang dispesifikasikan %s: menutup delimiter `%c' hilang %s: tidak dapat mereset mode non-blocking %s: berlanjut ke direktori %s? %s: descend ke write-protected direktori %s? %s: akhir dari berkas %s: kelas operand ekuivalen operand harus berupa karakter tunggal %s: error memotong %s: error menulis di ofset %s %s: diperkirakan sebuah nilai numerik %s: gagal untuk menutup %s: gagal untuk membuka untuk menulis %s: gagal untuk menghapus %s: fcntl gagal %s: fdatasync gagal %s: berkas memilik ukuran negatif %s: berkas telah mengecil terlalu banyak %s: berkas terlalu besar %s: berkas terlalu panjang %s: berkas terpotong %s: fstat gagal %s: fsync gagal %s: link keras tidak diijinkan untuk direktori %s: masukan berisi sebuah loop: %s: masukan berisi sebuah angka ganjil dari tokens %s: berkas masukan adalah berkas keluaran %s: integer diperkirakan setelah delimiter %s: PID tidak valid %s: jumlah tidak valid di awal dari %s %s: direktif tidak valid %s: spesifikasi field %s tidak valid %s: ukuran berkas tidak valid %s: tipe berkas tidak valid %s: jumlah maksimal dari statistik tidak diubah tidak valid diantar buka %s: nomor tidak valid %s: jumlah dari bytes tidak valid %s: jumlah dari baris tidak valid %s: jumlah tahap tidak valid %s: jumlah detik tidak valid %s: nomor tidak valid diabaikan %s: pilihan tidak valid -- '%c'
%s: pola tidak valid %s: proses id tidak valid %s: ekspresi regular tidak valid: %s %s: sinyal tidak valid %s: panjang akhiran tidak valid %s: nomor baris harus lebih besar dari nol %s: nomor baris hilang dari jangkauan %s: lseek gagal %s: multiple sinyal dispesifikasikan %s: ijin baru adalah %s, bukan %s %s: tidak ada baris checksum %s yang di format secara benar ditemukan %s: tidak ada informasi ukuran untuk perangkat ini %s: tidak mendaftar direktori yang sudah terdaftar %s: jumlah dari byte terlalu besar %s: pilihan '%c%s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '%s' adalah ambigu
%s: pilihan '--%s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '-W %s' tidak memperbolehkan sebuah argumen
%s: pilihan '-W %s' adalah ambigu
%s: pilihan membutuhkan sebuah argumen -- '%c'
%s: menimpa %s? %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: tahap %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: error membaca %s: menghapus %s %s? %s: hapus seluruh argumen rekursif? %s: hapus seluruh argumen? %s: menghapus write-protected %s %s? %s: dihapus %s: menghapus %s: diubah namanya menjadi %s %s: menimpa %s? %s: gagal mencari %s: terlalu banyak baris checksum %s: mencoba untuk menulis %s, mengoveride mode %04lo (%s)? %s: tidak dapat menentukan panjang nama berkas maksimal %s: tidak dapat melakukan seluruh operasi yang diminta %s: operator unary diharapkan %s: pilihan tidak dikenal '%c%s'
%s: pilihan tidak dikenal '--%s'
%s: nilai tidak secara lengkap diubah %s: tulis error %s:%lu: baris tidak valid; hilang token kedua %s:%lu: nama berkas panjang-nol tidak valid %s:%lu: keyword tidak dikenal %s %s}: integer dibutuhkan diantara `{' dan `}' ' ')' diharapkan ')' diharapkan, ditemukan %s (C) * sistem berkas yang disimpan di lokasi sementara, seperti di NFS
versi 3 klien
* sistem berkas terkompres
* berstruktur-log atau sistem berkas terjurnal, seperti yang disupply dengan
AIX dan Solaris (dan JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, dan lain sebagainya.)
* sistem berkas yang menulis data secara redundancy dan membawa bahkan jika beberapa tulis
gagal, seperti dalam sistem berkas berbasis RAID
* sistem berkas yang membuat snapshot, seperti dalam Network Appliance NFS server
, beban rata-rata: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argumen %s terlalu besar --context (-Z) hanya bekerja di kernel dengan SELinux-aktif --reflink hanya dapat digunakan dengan --sparse=auto -R --dereference membutuhkan baik -H atau -L -R -h membutuhkan -P -ef tidak menerima -l -nt tidak menerima -l -ot tidak menerima -l ???
????? Batalkan Alamat untuk hostname tidak dilayani Jam alarm Semua argumen ke pilihan panjang adalah wajib untuk pilihan pendek.
Semua permintaan selesai Argumen buffer terlalu kecil Arnold Robbins Panggilan sistem buruk Nilai buruk untuk ai_flags Brian Fox Pipa rusak Bus error PERHATIAN: Catat shred bergantung di asumsi sangat penting:
bahwa sistem berkas memaksa tulis data di tempat. Ini adalah cara
tradisional untuk melakukan itu, tetapi banyak rancangan sistem berkas modern tidak memenuhi asumsi
ini. Contoh berikut dari sistem berkas dimana shred
tidak efektif, atau tidak digaransi untuk efektif di seluruh mode sistem berkas:
KOMENTAR batas waktu CPU dilewati Panggil fungsi link untuk membuat sebuah link bernama BERKAS2 ke sebuah BERKAS1 yang telah ada.
Panggil fungsi unlink untuk menghapus BERKAS yang dispesifikasikan.
Ubah efektif id pengguna dan id grup ke PENGGUNA.
-, -l, --login buat shell sebagai sebuah login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND lewatkan sebuah PERINTAH tunggak ke shell dengan -c
-f, --fast lewatkan -f ke shell (untuk csh dan tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment jangan mereset variabel lingkungan
-p sama seperti -m
-s, --shell=SHELL jalankan SHELL jika /etc/shells membolehkannya
Ubah grup dari setiap BERKAS ke GRUP.
Dengan --reference, ubah grup dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-c, --changes seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada perubahan yang dilakukan
--dereference affek referensi untuk setiap link simbolik (ini
default), daripada link simbolik itu sendiri
Ubah mode dari setiap BERKAS ke MODE.
-c, --ubag seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada perubahan terjadi
Ubah pemilik dan/atau grup dari setiap BERKAS ke PEMILIK dan/atau GRUP.
Dengan --reference, ubah pemilik dan grup dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-c, --changes seperti verbose tetapi hanya melaporkan ketika ada sebuah perubahan terjadi
--dereference afek referensi dari setiap link simbolik (ini adalah
default), daripada link simbolik itu sendiri
Ubah konteks keamanan dari setiap BERKAS ke KONTEKS.
Dengan --reference, ubah konteks keamanan dari setiap BERKAS ke RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference mempengaruhi sambungan simbolik daripada referensi ke berkas apapun
Chet Ramey Anak keluar Colin Plumb Bandingkan berkas terurut BERKAS1 dan BERKAS2 baris demi baris.
Concatenate BERKAS, atau masukan standar, atau keluaran standar.
-A, --show-all sama dengan -vET
-b, --number-nonblank jumlah baris keluaran tidak kosong
-e sama dengan -vE
-E, --show-ends tampilkan $ diakhir setiap baris
-n, --number nomori seluruh baris keluaran
-s, --squeeze-blank tekan baris keluaran kosong yang berulang
Dilanjutkan Mengubah blank dalam setiap BERKAS ke tabs, menulis ke standar keluaran.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Mengubah tabs di setiap BERKAS ke spasi, menulis ke standard keluaran.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Salin SUMBER ke TUJUAN, atau multiple SUMBER ke DIREKTORI.
Salin sebuah berkas, ubah dan format menurut operand.
bs=BYTES baca dan tulis BYTES bytes di satu waktu (lihat juga ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES ubah BYTES bytes di satu waktu
conv=CONVS ubah file seperti dalam daftar simbol yang dipisahkan dengan koma
count=BLOCKS salin hanya BLOK input blok
ibs=BYTES baca BYTES byte dalam satu waktu
Salin standar masukan untuk setiap BERKAS, dan juga standar keluaran.
-a, --append tambahkan ke BERKAS yang diberikan, jangan ditulis
-i, --ignore-interrupts abaikan sinyal interupsi
Buat sebuah berkas atau direktori sementara, secara aman, dan tampilkan namanya.
TEMPLATE harus berisi paling tidak 3 'X' berurutan dalam komponen terakhir.
Jika TEMPLATE tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan tmp.XXXXXXXXXXX.
Buat pipe bernama (FIFO) dengan NAMA yang diberikan.
Membuat DIREKTORI, jika mereka tidak sudah ada.
Buat sebuah berkas spesial NAMA dengan TIPE yang diberikan.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnosa tidak valid atau nama berkas tidak portabel.
-p periksa untuk kebanyakan sistem POSIX
-P periksa untuk nama kosong dan diawali dengan "-"
--portability periksa untuk seluruh sistem POSIX (sama dengan -p -P)
Direktori: Menampilkan berkas atau sistem berkas status.
-L, --dereference ikuti links
-f, --file-system tampilkan status sistem berkas dari pada status berkas
Menampilkan waktu sekarang dalam FORMAT yang diberikan, atau menset waktu sistem.
-d, --date=STRING menampilkan waktu dijelaskan oleh STIRNG, bukan `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE seperti --date sekali untuk setiap baris dari DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Tinggalkan grup tambahan apapun, asumsikan ID pengguna dan ID grup dari yang dispesifikasikan
PENGGUNA (ID numerik atau nama pengguna), dan jalankan PERINTAH dengan spesifikasi ARGUMEN.
Keluar dengan status 111 jika tidak dapat mengasumsikan ID pengguna dan grup yang dibutuhkan.
Jika tidak, keluar dengan status keluar dari PERINTAH.
Aplikasi ini hanya berguna ketika dijalankan oleh root (ID pengguna nol).
jebakan EMT KELUAR Setiap jangkauan adalah satu dari:
N byte, karakter atau field ke N, dihitung dari 1
N- dari byte, karakter atau field ke N, ke akhir dari baris
N-M dari N ke M (termasuk) byte, karakter atau field
-M dari pertama ke M (termasuk) byte, karakter atau field
Echo STRING ke keluaran standar.
-n jangan mengeluarkan akhiran baris baru
Eric Blake Keluar dengan sebuah kode status yang mengindikasikan gagal. Keluar dengan sebuah kode status yang mengindikasikan sukses. Keluar dengan status ditentukan oleh EKSPRESI.
François Pinard GAGAL BETULKAN AKU: tidak diketahui FORMAT lebih sesuai untuk pencetakan sebuah argumen dari tipe `double';
ini default ke %.PRECf jika PERTAMA, PENINGKATAN, dan TERAKHIR seluruhnya
bilangan bulat desimal dengam maksimal presisi PREC, dan sampai %g jika tidak.
FIFO tidak memiliki nomor perangkat major dan minor. Batas ukuran berkas dilewati Sistem Berkas Sistem Berkas Tipe Penyaring selanjutnya mencocokan baris dari MASUKAN (atau standar masukan),
menulis ke KELUARAN (atau standar keluaran).
Dengan tidak menggunakan pilihan, baris yang cocok digabungkan ke pertemuan pertama.
Eksepsi titik pecahan Untuk dokumentasi lengkap, jalankan: info coreutils '%s pemanggilan'
Untuk setiap pasang dari baris masukan dengan join field yang identik, tulis sebuah baris ke
standar keluaran. Default join field adalah pertama, dipisahkan
dengan spasi. Ketika FILE1 atau FILE2 (bukan keduanya) adalah -, baca standar masukan.
-a FILENUM menampilkan unpairable baris datang dari berkas FILENUM, dimana
FILENUM adalah 1 atau 2, sesuai dengan FILE1 atau FILE2
-e EMPTY menggantikan field masukan yang hilang dengan EMPTY
Paksa perubahan block ke disk, update super blok.
Bantuan umum menggunakan aplikasi GNU:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Putus I/O memungkinkan IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s sebagai BERKAS adalah umum.
Instruksi tidak legal Sebagai tambahan, sistem berkas backup dan remote mirror mungkin berisi salinan
dari berkas yang tidak dapat dihapus, dan itu mungkin memungkinkan sebuah berkas yang tershred untuk
diselamatkan nanti.
Dalam kehidupan nyata: Dalam bentuk pertama, buat sebuah link ke TARGET dengan nama LINK_NAME.
Dalam bentuk kedua, buat sebuah link ke TARGET di direktori sekarang.
Dalam bentuk ketiga dan keempat, buat link ke setiap TARGET dalam DIREKTORI.
Buat link keras secara default, link simbolik dengan --symbolic.
Ketika membuat link keras, setiap TARGET harus ada. Link simbolik
diinterpretasikan dalam hubungan dengan direktori atasnya.
Dalam kasus sistem berkas ext3, disclaimer diatas berjalan
(dan shred juga terbatas efektivitasnya) hanya dalam mode data=journal,
yang berkas data jurnal dalam tambahan daripada hanya metadata. Dalam keduanya
data=ordered (default) dan mode data=writeback, shred bekerja seperti biasa.
Mode jurnal ext3 dapat diubah dengan menambahkan pilihan data=sesuatu
ke pilihan mount untuk sistem berkas yang bersangkutan di berkas /etc/fstab,
seperti yang terdokumentasi dalam halaman manual mount (man mount).
Tak terhingga B Permintaan informasi Interupsi Interupsi oleh sebuah sinyal Referensi kembali tidak valid Nama kelas karakter tidak valid Karakter kolasi tidak valid Isi dari \{\} tidak valid Ekspresi regular awal tidak valid Jangkauan akhir tidak valid Ekspresi regular tidak valid James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Terbunuh BARIS LOGIN Daftar informasi mengenai BERKAS (direktori sekarang secara default).
Urutkan masukan secara alphabet jika tidak ada dari -cftuvSUX atau --sort.
Login Nama login: Argumen wajib untuk pilihan panjang adalah wajib untuk pilihan pendek juga.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Gagal mengalokasikan memori Kehabisan memori Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAMA Nama Nama atau layanan tidak diketahui Tidak ada alamat yang berasosiasi dengan hostname Tidak cocok Tidak ada ekspresi regular sebelumnya Gagal tidak dapat diperbaiki dalam resolusi nama OK Hanya satu string yang boleh diberikan ketika menghapus tanpa squeezing pengulangan. --string tanpa sebuah nomor mengindikasikan 3. --width tanpa sebuah nomor
mengindikasikan 32. Secara default, od menggunakan -A o -t oS -w16.
Pilihan pengurutan:
Pilihan lain:
Keluarkan sebuah index yang termutasi, termasuk konteks, dari kata dalam berkas masukan.
Keluarkan perintah untuk menset LS_COLORS variabel lingkungan.
Tentukan format dari keluaran:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell keluarkan Bourne shell kode untuk menset LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell keluarkan C shell kode untuk menset LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database keluarkan default
Keluarkan fixed-size pieces dari MASUKAN ke AWALAHaa, AWALANab, ...; default
ukuran adalah 1000 baris, dan default PREFIX adalah `x'. Tanpa MASUKAN, atau ketika MASUKAN
adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Mengeluarkan bagian dari BERKAS dipisahkan dengan POLA ke berkas `xx00', `xx01', ...,
dan jumlah keluaran byte dari setiap potongan ke keluaran standar.
Keluarkan batas ketergantungan platform dalam sebuah formay yang berguna untuk shell scripts.
Keluarkan yang sedang dilog dalam BERKAS yang berhubung.
Jika BERKAS tidak dispesifikasikan, gunakan %s. %s sebagai BERKAS adalah umum.
Overwrite BERKAS yang dispesifikasikan secara berulang, dengan tujuan untuk membuatnya susah
untuk bahkan perangkat mahal probing untuk menyelematkan data.
PID Dipaket oleh %s
Dipaket oleh %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate atau columnate BERKAS untuk dicetak.
Parameter string tidak secara benar dikodekan Kata sandi: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Rencana:
Kegagalan penyuplai listrik Akhir dari ekspresi regular prematur Menampilkan ARGUMEN menurut FORMAT, atau menjalankan menurut PILIHAN:
Tampilkan checksum CRC dan jumlah byte dari setiap BERKAS
Tampilkan NAMA dengan komponen awal direktori dihilangkan.
Jika dispesifikasikan, juga hapus sebuah akhiran SUFFIX.
Menampilkan NAMA dengan akhirannya / komponen dihapus; jika NAMA berisi tidak/,
keluar `.' (berarti direktori sekarang).
Tampilkan beberapa sistem informasi. Tanpa PILIHAN, sama seperti -s.
-a, --all menampilkan seluruh informasi, dalam urutan berikut,
kecuali mengabaikan -p dan -i jika tidak diketahui:
-s, --kernel-name menampilkan nama kernel
-n, --nodename menampilkan network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release menampilkan release kernel
Tampilkan checksum dan jumlah blok untuk setiap BERKAS.
-r gunakan algoritma sum BSD, gunakan 1K blok
-s, --sysv gunakan System V algoritma sum, gunakan 512 bytes blok
Tampilkan keanggotaan grup untuk setiap NAMA PENGGUNA atau, jika tidak ada NAMA pengguna yang dispesifikasikan,
proses sekarang (yang berbeda jika database grup telah berubah).
Menampilkan informasi mengenai pengguna yang saat ini sedang logged in.
Menampilkan arsitektur mesin.
Menampilkan nomor dari PERTAMA hingga TERAKHIR, dalam langkah dari PENINGKATAN.
-f, --format=FORMAT gunakan gaya sprintf floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING gunakan STRING untuk memisahkan nomor (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width samakan lebar dengan menambahkan dengan awalan nol
Tampilkan atau ubah karakteristik terminal.
-a, --all tampilkan seluruh konfigurasi sekarang dalam format yang mudah dibaca
-g, --save tampilkan seluruh konfigurasi sekarang dalam format yang bisa dibaca stty
-F, --file=DEVICE buka dan gunakan PERANGKAT yang dispesifikasikan daripada stdin
Tampilkan bagian dari baris yang dipilih dari setiap BERKAS ke keluaran standar.
Menampilkan waktu sekarang, lama sistem telah hidup,
jumlah pengguna dari sistem, dan jumlah rata-rata pekerjaan
dalam antrian pekerjaan lebih dari terakhir 1, 5 dan 15 menit. Tampilkan nama berkas dari terminal yang terhubung ke standar masukan.
-s, --silent, --quiet tampilkan kosong, hanya mengembalikan sebuah status keluar
Tampilkan 10 baris pertama dari setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS, awali setiap dengan sebuah header memberikan nama berkas.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tampilkan nama berkas lengkap dari direktori kerja sekarang.
Tampilkan akhir %d baris dari setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Dengan lebih dari satu BERKAS, awali setiap dengan sebuah header memberikan nama berkas.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Menampilkan nama dari pengguna sekarang.
Tampilkan jumlah satuan pemrosesan yang tersedia di proses saat ini,
yang mungkin lebih kecil dari jumlah prosesor online
Menampilkan faktor prima dari seluruh NOMOR integer yang dispesifikasikan. Jika tidak ada argumen
yang dispesifikasikan dalam baris perintah, mereka dibaca dari standar masukan.
Menampilkan nama pengguna berasosiasi dengan ID pengguna efektif sekarang.
Sama seperti id -un.
Tampilkan informasi pengguna dan grup untuk NAMA PENGGUNA yang dispesifikasikan.
atau (ketika NAMA PENGGUNA diabaikan) untuk pengguna sekarang.
-a abaikan, untuk kompabilitas dengan versi lain
-Z, --context tampilkan hanya konteks keamanan dari pengguna sekarang
-g, --group tampilkan hanya efektif grup ID
-G, --groups tampilkan seluruh grup ID
-n, --name tampilkan sebuah nama daripada sebuah nomor, untuk -ugG
-r, --real tampilkan real ID daripada efektif ID, dengan -ugG
-u, --user tampilkan hanya efektif ID pengguna
Tampilkan nilai dari sebuah link atau kanonikal nama berkas
Permintaan pemrosesan dalam perkembangan Pewaktu profiling habis Projek: Q. Frank Xia Berhenti Randy Smith Sinyal waktu-nyata %d Reformat setiap paragrap dalam BERKAS, tulis ke standar keluaran.
Pilihan -WIDTH adalah kependekan dari bentuk --width=DIGITS.
Ekspresi regular terlalu besar Hapus (unlink) BERKAS.
-f, --force abaikan berkas yang tidak ada, jangan menanyakan
-i tanya setiap akan menghapus
Hapus DIREKTORI, jika mereka kosong.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
abaikan setiap kegagalan yang hanya disebabkan oleh sebuah
direktori yang tidak kosong
Mengubah nama SUMBER menjadi TUJUAN, atau memindahkan SUMBER ke DIREKTORI.
Secara berulang mengeluarkan sebuah baris dengan seluruh spesifikasi STRING, atau `y'.
Laporkan %s bugs ke: %s
Laporkan %s bugs terjemahan ke
Permintaan dibatalkan Permintaan tidak dibatalkan Kehilangan sumber daya Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Jalankan PERINTAH dengan niceness yang telah disesuaikan, yang berpengaruh ke penjadwalan proses.
Dengan tidak ada PERINTAH, menampilkan niceness sekarang. niceness berada di antara
%d (yang paling disukai dalam penjadwalan) ke %d (paling tidak disukai).
-n, --adjustment=N tambahkan integer N ke niceness (default 10)
Jalankan PERINTAH dengan direktori root set ke NEWROOT.
Jalankan PERINTAH, mengabaikan sinyal hangup.
Jalankan PERINTAH, dengan operasi penyanggaan yang dimodifikasi untuk aliran standar.
Jalankan sebuah aplikasi dalah konteks keamanan yang berbeda.
Dengan tidak menggunakan KONTEKS atau PERINTAH, tampilkan konteks keamanan sekarang.
CONTEXT Lengkapi konteks keamanan
-c, --compute hitung proses transisi konteks sebelum memodifikasinya
-t, --type=TIPE TIPE (untuk beberapa peran yang sama dengan orang tua)
-u, --user=USER identitas pengguna
-r, --role=ROLE peran
-l, --range=RANGE tingkatjangkauan
Russel Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Kesalahan segmentasi Mengirim sinyal ke proses, atau daftar sinyal.
Servname tidak dilayani untuk ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' untuk memperbaiki masalah. Set setiap NAMA ke NILAI dalam lingkungan dan jalankan PERINTAH.
-i, --ignore-environment awali dengan sebuah environment kosong
-0, --null akhiri setiap baris keluaran dengan 0 byte daripada baris baru
-u, --unset=NAMA hapus variabel dari environment
Shell: Menampilkan informasi mengenai sistem berkas dimana setiap BERKAS berada,
atau seluruh sistem berkas dengan default.
Kecilkan atau lebarkan ukuran dari setiap BERKAS ke ukuran yang dispesifikasikan
Sebuah argumen BERKAS yang tidak ada dibuat.
Jika sebuah BERKAS lebih besar dari ukuran yang dispesifikasikan, ekstra data hilang.
Jika sebuah BERKAS lebih kecil, ini ditambahkan dan bagian tambahan (lubang)
dibaca sebagai byte nol.
Simon Josefsson Berkas spesial membutuhkan nomor perangkat major dan minor. Kegagalan stack Dihentikan Terhenti (sinyal) Terhenti (masukan tty) Terhenti (keluaran tty) Stuart Kemp Sukses Ringkas penggunaan disk dari setiap BERKAS, secara rekursif untuk direktori.
Sistem error WAKTU Kegagalan sementara dalam resolusi nama Terminasi Flag opsional berikut boleh diikuti `%':
- (hyphen) jangan pad field
_ (garis bawah) pada dengan spasi
0 (nol) pad dengan nol
^ gunakan huruf besar jika mungkin
# gunakan kasus sebalik jika mungkin
Pilihan berikut memodifikasi bagaimana sebuah hierarki ditelusuri ketika
pilihan -R juga dispesifikasikan. Jika lebih dari satu dispesifikasikan, hanya
yang terakhir yang memiliki efek.
-H jika sebuah argumen baris perintah adalah sebuah link simbolik
ke sebuah direktori, telusuri itu
-L telusuri ke seluruh link simbolik ke sebuah direktori
yang ditemui
-P jangan menelusuri link simbolik apapun (default)
String yang dibandingkan adalah %s dan %s. Torbjorn Granlund Jejak/titik-balik perangkap Tambahan backslash Translasikan, squeeze, dan/atau hapus karakter dari standar masukan,
tulis ke standar keluaran.
-c, -C, --complement komplemen pertama SET1
-d, --delete hapus karakter dalam SET1, jangan translasikan
-s, --squeeze-repeats ganti setiap urutan masukan dari sebuah karakter berulang
yang terdaftar dalam SET1 dengan sebuah sekali occurence
dari karakter itu
-t, --truncate-set1 pertama potong SET1 ke panjang dari SET2
Coba `%s --help' untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
Coba `%s ./%s' untuk menghapus berkas %s.
Dua string yang boleh diberikan ketika menghapus tanpa squeezing pengulangan. Dua string mungkin diberikan ketika menerjemahkan. Ulrich Drepper Error tidak diketahui Sinyal %d tidak diketahui System error tidak diketahui Tidak cocok ( atau \( Tidak cocok ) atau \) Tidak cocok [ atau [^ Tidak cocok \{ Perbarui waktu akses dan modifikasi dari setiap BERKAS ke waktu sekarang.
Sebuah argumen BERKAS yang tidak ada dibuat kosong, kecuali -c atau -h
diberikan.
Sebuah argumen string BERKAS dari - ditangani secara spesial dan menyebabkan touch untuk
mengubah waktu dari berkas yang berasosiasi dengan standar keluaran.
Kondisi penting I/O Penggunaan: %s
Penggunaan: %s PERINTAH [ARG]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s CONTEXT PERINTAH [args]
atau: %s [ -c ] [-u PENGGUNA] [-r PERAN] [-t TIPE] [-l JANGKAUAN] PERINTAH [args]
Penggunaan: %s EKSPRESI
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s BERKAS
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s BERKAS1 BERKAS2
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s FORMAT [ARGUMEN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NAMA
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NAMA [AKHIRAN]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s NOMOR[AKHIRAN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Berhenti untuk NOMOR detik. AKHIRAN mungkin `s'untuk detik (default),
`m' untuk menit, `h' untuk jam atau `d' untuk hari. Tidak seperti kebanyakan implementasi
yang membutuhkan NOMOR sebagai sebuah integer, disini NOMOR mungkin bilangan
pecahan apapun. Diberikan dua atau lebih argumen, berhenti untuk jumlah waktu
yang dispesifikasikan oleh jumlah dari nilainya.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... PERINTAH
Penggunaan: %s PILIHAN... BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s PILIHAN... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [KONFIGURASI]...
atau: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [-a|-all]
atau: %s [-F PERANGKAT] [--file=PERANGKAT] [-g|--save]
Penggunaan: %s [-WIDTH] [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [-s SINYAL | -SINYAL] PID...
atau: %s -l [SINYAL]...
atau: %s -t [SINYAL]...
Penggunaan: %s [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [NAMA]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Menampilkan atau menset nama host dari sistem sekarang.
Penggunaan: %s [NOMOR]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [OPERAND]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]
Tampilkan pengindentifikasi numerik (dalam heksa desimal) untuk host sekarang.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] NEWROOT [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [BERKAS]
Tulis total daftar terurut konsisten dengan pengurutan partial dalam BERKAS.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS KONTEKS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... [-u PENGGUNA] [-r ROLE] [-l JANGKAUAN] [-t TIPE] BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... DIREKTORI...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS POLA...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS1 BERKAS2
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... BERKAS GRUP...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... TERAKHIR
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... PERTAMA TERAKHIR
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... PERTAMA PENINGKATAN TERAKHIR
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... MODE[,MODE]... BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... MODE-OKTAL BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... NAMA TIPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... NAMA...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... SET1 [SET2]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [ BERKAS | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [+FORMAT]
atau: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] SUMBER TUJUAN
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... SUMBER... DIREKTORI
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI SUMBER...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] ASAL TUJUAN
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... ASAL... DIREKTORI
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI ASAL...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -d DIREKTORI...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (bentuk pertama)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... TARGET (bentuk kedua)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... TARGET... DIREKTORI (bentuk ketiga)
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... -t DIREKTORI TARGET...(bentuk keempat)
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-] [NAMA=NILAI]... [PERINTAH [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [-] [PENGGUNA [ARG]...]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]
atau: %s -e [PILIHAN]... [ARG]...
atau: %s -i LO-HI [PILIHAN]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN] [BERKAS]
Base64 enkode atau dekode BERKAS, atau masukan standar, ke keluaran standar.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [BERKAS] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
atau: %s --traditional [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --files0-from=F
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [BERKAS]...
Tampilkan atau periksa %s (%d-bit) checksums.
dengan tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [MASUKAN [PREFIX]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [MASUKAN]... (tanpa -G)
atau: %s -G [PILIHAN]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [PEMILIK][:[GRUP]] BERKAS...
atau: %s [PILIHAN]... --reference=RFILE BERKAS...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [TEMPLATE]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [NAMA PENGGUNA]
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [NAMA PENGGUNA]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [PENGGUNA]...
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN]... [VARIABEL]...
Tampilkan nilai dari VARIABEL yang dispesifikasikan oleh lingkungan.
Jika tidak ada VARIABEL lingkungan yang dispesifikasikan, tampilkan semuanya.
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN-PENDEK]... PERINTAH PENGGUNA [ARGUMEN]...
atau: %s PILIHAN-PANJANG
Penggunaan: %s [PILIHAN-PENDEK]... [STRING]...
atau: %s PILIHAN-PANJANG
Penggunaan: %s [STRING]...
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: %s [mengabaikan arguman baris perintah]
atau: %s PILIHAN
Penggunaan: test EKSPRESI
atau: test
atau: [ EKSPRESI ]
atau: [ ]
atau: [ PILIHAN ]
Sinyal didefinisikan pengguna 1 Sinyal didefinisikan pengguna 2 Menggunakan -s mengabaikan -L dan -P. Jika tidak, pilihan terakhir yang dispesifikasikan mengontrol
perilaku ketika sumber adalah sebuah link simbolik, baku ke %s.
Argumen yang valid adalah: Urutan format yang valid untuk sistem berkas:
%a Blok bebas yang ada ke bukan pengguna super
%b Total data blok dalam sistem berkas
%c Total berkas dalam sistem berkas
%d Berkas bebas dalam sistem berkas
%f Blok bebas dalam sistem berkas
%C String konteks keamanan SELinux
Pewaktu maya habis PERINGATAN: --page-increment sudah ditinggalkan; lebih baik gunakan --line-increment PERINGATAN: --preserve_context sudah ditinggalkan; lebih baik gunakan --preserve-context PERINGATAN: Struktur direktori circular.
Ini kemungkinan besar berarti bahwa anda memiliki sebuah sistem berkas yang terkorupsi.
BERITAHU MANAJER SISTEM ANDA.
Direktori berikut adalah bagian dari cycle:
%s
PERINGATAN: mengabaikan --context (-Z); kernel ini bukan SELinux-aktif PERINGATAN: mengabaikan --preserve-context; kernel ini bukan SELinux-aktif. PERINGATAN: mengabaikan pilihan --strip-program karena pilihan -s tidak dispesifikasikan Peringatan: Ketika Dimana Jendela berubah Dengan --follow (-f), tail secara baku mengikuti pendeskripsi berkas, yang
berarti baik jika sebuah berkas yang di-'tail' diubah namanya, 'tail' akan
tetap melanjutkan melacaknya sampai akhir.
Ini perilaku default jik tidak diinginkan ketika anda benar benar menginginkan untuk
mencari jejak nama aktual dari berkas, bukan berkas deskripsi (e.g., log
rotasi). Gunakan --follow=nama dalam kasus itu. Yang menyebabkan tail untuk megikuti jejak dari
nama berkas dengan membuka kembali secara periodik untuk melihat apakah ini telah dihapus dan
dibuat kembali oleh aplikasi lain.
Wrap baris masukan dalam setiap BERKAS (standar masukan secara default), tulis ke
standar keluaran.
Tulis sebuah permutasi random dari baris masukan ke standar keluaran.
Tulis setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran, baris terakhir pertama.
Tanpa BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis setiap BERKAS ke standar keluaran, dengan ditambahkan nomor baris.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis baris berisi dari baris berurut dari
setiap BERKAS, dipisahkan dengan TAB, ke standar keluaran.
Dengan tidak ada BERKAS, atau ketika BERKAS adalah -, baca standar masukan.
Tulis concatenation terurut dari seluruh BERKAS ke standar keluaran.
Ditulis oleh %s dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, dan yang lain.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
%s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, %s,
dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s, %s, dan %s.
Ditulis oleh %s.
[=c=] ekspresi mungkin timbul dalam string2 ketika menerjemahkan ^[tT] ^[yY] ` `-%c' kelebihan karakter atau jumlah tida valid dalam argumen: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' argumen hilang `-N NOMOR' tidak valid dimulai dibaris nomor: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' tidak valid jumlah dari karakter: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' nomor baris tidak valid: %s `-o MARGIN' tidak valid di baris ofset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' tidak valid jumlah dari karakter: %s sebuah perintah harus diberikan dengan sebuah adjustmen mengakses %s ai_family tidak didukung ai_socktype tidak didukung argumen %s ambigu untuk %s sebuah pembatas masukana mungkin dispesifikan hanya ketika beroperasi di fields menambahkan keluaran ke %s backing up %s akan menghancurkan sumber; %s tidak disalin backing up %s akan menghancurkan sumber; %s tidak dipindah tipe backup berkas blok spesial blok berkas spesial tidak didukung baik awalan SI dan IEC ada dalam satuan kedua berkas tidak dapat berupa standar masukan byte offset %s terlalu besar tidak dapat mengapply konteks pecahan ke berkas yang tidak bernama %s tidak dapat memperoleh konteks proses tidak dapat mengakses %s tidak dapat membackup %s tidak dapat meringkas dan menampilkan seluruh masukan bersamaan tidak dapat mengubah kepemilikan dari %s tidak dapat merubah ijin dari %s tidak dapat mengubah direktori root ke %s tidak dapat berpindah ke direktori %s tidak dapat chdir ke direktori root tidak dapat mengkombinasikan --target-directory (-t) dan --no-target-directory (-T) tidak dapat mengkombinasikan --target-directory dan --no-target-directory tidak dapat mengkombinasikan pilihan -e dan -i tidak dapat mengkombinasikan dua dari {ascii, ebcdic, ibm} tidak dapat mengkombinasikan blok dan unblok tidak dapat mengkombinasikan excl dan nocreat tidak dapat mengkombinasikan huruf kecil dan huruf besar tidak dapat mengkombinasikan mode dan pilihan --reference tidak dapat mengkombinasikan sinyal dengan -l atau -t tidak dapat membandingkan nama berkas %s dan %s tidak dapat mengubah U+%04X ke karakter set lokal tidak dapat mengubah U+%04X ke karakter set lokal: %s tidak dapat menyalin sebuah direktori, %s, kedalam diri sendiri, %s tidak dapat menyalin cyclic link simbolik %s tidak dapat membuat direktori %s tidak dapat membuat fifo %s tidak dapat membuah link keras %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat link %s tidak dapat membuat link %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat berkas regular %s tidak dapat membuah berkas spesial %s tidak dapat membuat link simbolik %s tidak dapat membuat link simbolik %s ke %s tidak dapat membuat berkas sementara dalam %s tidak dapat dereferensi %s tidak dapat menentukan perangkat dan inode dari %s tidak dapat menentukan nama host tidak dapat menentukan lokasi dari %s. kembali ke polling tidak dapat melakukan ioctl di %s tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk grup ID %lu tidak dapat menemukan nama untuk pengguna ID %lu tidak dapat mengikuti %s dengan nama tidak dapat memaksa konteks tujuan ke %s dan menjaganya tidak dapat fstat %s tidak dapat memperoleh direktori sekarang tidak dapat memperoleh niceness tidak dapat memperoleh nama sistem tidak dapat lseek %s tidak dapat membuat hard dan simbolik link tidak dapat membuat direktori %s tidak dapat memindahkan %s ke %s tidak dapat memindahkan %s ke sebuah subdirektori dari direktori itu sendiri, %s tidak dapat memindahkan direktori ke bukan-direktori: %s -> %s tidak dapat membuka %s untuk dibaca tidak dapat membuka %s untuk ditulis tidak dapat membuka direktori %s tidak dapat beroperasi di simlink dangling %s tidak dapat menimpa direktori %s dengan bukan-direktori tidak dapat menimpa bukan-direktori %s dengan direktori %s Tidak dapat menjalankan keluaran yang terformat tidak dapat menjaga atribut ekstensi, cp dibuat tanpa dukungan xattr tidak dapat menjaga konteks keamanan tanpa sebuah kernel SELinux support tidak dapat menampilkan "only" lebih dari satu pilihan tidak dapat menampilkan hanya nama atau ril ID dalam format default tidak dapat menampilkan konteks keamanan ketika pengguna dispesifikasikan tidak dapat membaca direktori %s tidak dapat membaca nama berkas dari %s tidak dapat membaca informasi sistem berkas untuk %s tidak dapat membaca realtime clock tidak dapat membaca link simbolik %s tidak dapat membaca tabel dari sistem berkas yang terpasang tidak dapat menghapus %s tidak dapat menghapus direktori: %s tidak dapat mereposisi berkas penunjuk untuk %s tidak dapat menjalankan %s tidak dapat menset %s tidak dapat menset tanggal tidak dapat menset id grup tidak dapat menset ID grup ke %lu tidak dapat menset grup tidak dapat menset nama host; sistem ini kurang fungsionalitas tidak dapat menset nama ke %s tidak dapat menset niceness tidak dapat menset time stamps untuk %s tidak dapat menset id pengguna tidak dapat menset ID pengguna ke %lu tidak dapat melewatkan akhir dari kombinasi masukan tidak dapat menspesifikasikan --null (-0) dengan perintah tidak dapat menspesifikasikan baik mencetak across dan mencetak dalam paralel tidak dapat menspesifikasikan jumlah dari kolom ketika menampilkan dalam paralel tidak dapat menspesifikasikan waktu dari lebih dari satu sumber tidak dapat memisahkan lebih dari satu cara tidak dapat memperoleh statistik %s tidak dapat memperoleh statistik direktori sekarang (sekarang %s) tidak dapat memperoleh statistik standar masukan tidak dapat menyentuh %s tidak dapat un-backup %s tidak dapat unlink %s tidak dapat unset %s tidak dapat mengamati %s tidak dapat mengamati direktori atas dari %s tidak dapat bekerja dalam kernel bug ternyata ubah grup dari %s ke %s
ubah kepemilikan dari %s ke %s
mengubah grup dari %s mengubah kepemilikan dari %s mengubah ijin dari %s mengubah konteks keamanan dari %s
karakter ofset adalah nol karakter diluar dari jangkauan berkas karakter spesial karakter berkas spesial tidak didukung menghapus ijin untuk %s jam berubah gagal menutup menutup %s menutup %s (fd=%d) menutup direktori %s menutup berkas masukan %s menutup berkas keluaran %s menutup masukan standar mode kompabilitas melayani di setiap berkas. konflik penggantian string empty-field konteks keamanan konflik dengan spesifikasi yang diberikan tidak dapat menset penyangga dari %s untuk mode %s
tidak dapat membuat proses untuk %s -d tidak dapat membuat berkas sementara tidak dapat menjalankan %s tidak dapat menjalankan %s -d tidak dapat menemukan masukan direktori di %s dengan -node yang cocok tidak dapat memperoleh waktu nyala direktori %s dibuat membuat direktori %s membuat berkas %s
membuat link keras %s membuat link keras %s => %s membuat link keras ke %.0s%s membuat link simbolik %s membuat link simbolik %s -> %s daftar pembatas berakhir dengan sebuah unescaped backslash: %s direktori pembagian dengan nol dup2 gagal kosong %s tidak diperbolehkan nama berkas kosong empty tab error menutup berkas error dalam pencocokan ekspresi regular error dalam pencarian ekspresi regular error menginisialisasi string bulan error mengamati inotify event error membaca %s error membaca inotify event error dalam menunggu perintah error menulis %s keluar= kelebihan argumen %s extra operand %s ekstra operand %s
kelebihan operan %s tidak dibolehkan dengan -%c gagal untuk mengubah konteks dari %s ke %s gagal untuk mengubah grup dari %s ke %s
gagal untuk mengubah mode dari %s ke %04lo (%s)
gagal untuk mengubah kepemilikan dari %s
gagal untuk mengubah kepemilikan dari %s ke %s
gagal untuk chdir ke %s gagal untuk menutup %s gagal untuk menghitung konteks baru gagal untuk membuat direktori melalui template %s gagal untuk membuat berkas melalui template %s gagal untuk membuat konteks keamanan: %s gagal untuk memperoleh atribut dari %s gagal memperolek konteks sekarang gagal memperoleh file sysmte create context gagal memperoleh grup untuk proses sekarang gagal memperoleh grup untuk user %s gagal untuk memperoleh konteks keamanan dari %s gagal untuk menlookup berkas %s gagal untuk membuka %s gagal untuk menjaga kepengarangan untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga kepemilikan untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga ijin untuk %s gagal untuk menjaga waktu untuk %s gagal untuk meredirect standar error gagal untuk mengarahkan stderr ke /dev/null gagal untuk menghapus %s gagal untuk menghapus direktori %s gagal untuk me-'render' masukan baku yang tidak berguna gagal untuk membuka kembali %s dengan mode %s gagal merestore ke default berkas konteks pembuatan gagal kembali ke direktori kerja awal gagal menjalankan perintah %s gagal menset %s kontek keamanan komponen ke %s gagal untuk menset grup tambahan gagal untuk menset default berkas pembuatan konteks ke %s gagal untuk menset ID grup gagal untuk menset jangkauan baru %s gagal untuk menset peran baru %s gagal untuk menset tipe baru %s gagal untuk menset pengguna baru %s gagal untuk menset grup tambahan gagal untuk menset salinan dari stderr untuk ditutup pada saat exec gagal untuk menset konteks keamanan dari %s ke %s gagal untuk menset ID pengguna gagal memperoleh statistik %s gagal untuk mematikan O_DIRECT: %s gagal untuk memperbarui lingkungan dengan %s fdatasync gagal untuk %s fflush gagal nomor field %s terlalu besar jumlah field adalah nol fields dan posisi dinomori dari 1 fifo berkas %d ada dalam keadaan tidak terurut berkas operand tidak dapat dikombinasikan dengan --files0-from. berkas operand tidak dapat dikombinasikan dengan --print-database (-p) sistem berkas tipe %s keduanyan dipilih dan diexclude fork system call gagal format %s berakhir dalam %% format %s tidak memiliki %% direktif format %s memiliki terlalu banyak %% direktif format %s memiliki %%%c direktif tidak diketahui format string mungkin tidak dispesifikasikan ketika menampilkan string dengan lebar sama fsync gagal untuk %s fts_close gagal fts_read gagal getpass: tidak dapat membuka /dev/tty memperoleh atribut baru dari %s grup dari %s tetap sebagai %s
fungsi iconv tidak tersedia fungsi iconv tidak berguna id= mengabaikan seluruh argumen mengabaikan masukan mengabaikan masukan dan menambahkan keluaran ke %s mengabaikan masukan dan meredirect stderr ke stdout mengabaikan ukuran tab tidak valid dalam variabel lingkungan UKURAN TAB: %s mengabaikan nilai tidak valid dari variabel lingkungan QUOTING_STYLE: %s mengabaikan lebar tidak valid dalam variabel lingkungan KOLOM: %s mengabaikan argumen bukan pilihan join field tidak kompatible %lu, %lu incompatible tabs kata kunci tidak benar inotify tidak dapat digunakan, kembali ke polling masukan hilang baris masukan terlalu panjang inter-device pindah gagal; %s ke %s; tidak dapat menghapus target arguemn `%s' tidak valid %s%s argumen --%s tidak valid %s adjustmen %s tidak valid argumen tidak valid %s argumen %s tidak valid untuk %s gaya penomoran body: %s tidak valid mode penyangga %s tidak valid untuk %s
byte tidak valid atau daftar field karakter `%c' tidak valid dalam tipe string %s karakter kelas %s tidak valid konteks tidak valid: %s konversi tidak valid spesifikasi konversi tidak valid dalam akhiran: %c spesifikasi konversi tidak valid dalam akhiran: \%.3o tanggal tidak valid %s format tanggal %s tidak valid jangkauan berkurang tidak valid perangkat %s %s tidak valid tipe perangkat %s tidak valid nomor field tidak valid: %s spesifikasi field tidak valid: %s lebar field tidak valid: %s nomor berkas tidak valid dalam field spec: %s argumen floating point tidak valid: %s gaya penomoran footer: %s tidak valid format presisi tidak valid format lebar tidak valid lebar gap tidak valid: %s grup tidak valid grup tidak valid %s daftar grup tidak valid %s invalid grup: %s gaya penomoran header: %s tidak valid masukan tidak valid masukan flag tidak valid jangkauan masukan %s tidak valid integer %s tidak valid integer argumen %s tidak valid jumlah baris %s tidak valid baris disiplin %s tidak valid lebar field nomor baris: %s tidak valid nomor baris increment: %s tidak valid format penomoran baris: %s tidak valid lebar baris tidak valid: %s nomor perangkat major tidak valid %s kedalaman maksimal %s tidak valid nomor perangkat minor tidak valid %s mode tidak valid mode tidak valid %s mode tidak valid: %s nomor %s tidak valid jumlah tidak valid setelah `,' jumlah tidak valid setelah `-' jumlah tidak valid setelah `.' jumlah tidak valid di awal field jumlah dari baris kosong: %s tidak valid jumlah dari byte tidak valid jumlah bytes yang dibandingkan tidak valid jumlah bytes yang dilewati tidak valid jumlah dari kolom tidak valid: %s jumlah bagian yang dilewati tidak valid jumlah dari baris tidak valid jumlah baris tidak valid: 0 pilihan tidak valid -- %c pilihan -- %c tidak valid; -WIDTH dikenali hanya ketika ini merupakan pilihan
pertama; gunakan -w N daripada keluaran alamat radix `%c' tidak valid; ini harus berupa sebuah karakter dari [doxn] keluaran flag tidak valid jangkauan halaman %s tidak valid presisi tidak valid: %s jangkauan tidak valid dengan tidak ada endpoint: - jumlah pengulangan %s tidak valid dalam [c*n] contruct spesifikasi tidak valid awalan nomor baris: %s tidak valid statu flag tidak valid akhiran tidak valid %s, berisi pemisah direktori akhiran dalam %s%s tidak valid argumen `%s' ukuran tab tidak valid: %s template tidak valid, %s, berisi pemisah direktori template tidak valid, %s; dengan --tmpdir, ini mungkin bukan absolut jangka waktu %s tidak valid format gaya waktu tidak valid: %s akhiran pilihan tidak valid -- %c tipe string %s tidak valid Tipe string %s tidak valid;
Sistem ini tidak memberikan sebuah %lu-byte tipe floating point tipe string %s tidak valid;
Sistem ini tidak memberikan sebuah tipe %lu-byte integral universal nama karakter \%c%0*x tidak valid pengguna tidak valid pengguna tidak valid %s lebar tidak valid: %s ukuran wrap tidak valid: %s nama berkas panjang-nol tidak valid ini berbahaya untuk mengoperasikan secara rekursif di %s ini berbahaya untuk mengoperasikan secara rekursif di %s (sama seperti %s) terakhir= diawali `-' dalam sebuah komponen dari nama berkas %s batas %lu dilewati oleh panjang %lu dari nama berkas %s batas %lu dilewati dengan panjang %lu dari komponen nama berkas %s baris penyangga stdin tidak berarti jumlah baris pilihan -%s%c... terlalu besar nomor baris %s lebih kecil dari nomor baris sebelumnya, %s nomor baris overflow maksimal --%s argumen dengan rlimit sekarang adalah %s kehabisan memori pesan antrian argumen %s minimum --%s missaligned [:upper:] dan/atau [:lower:] construct hilang %% spesifikasi konversi di akhiran hilang `]' argumen hilang setelah %s argumen ke %s hilang karakter hilang dalam nama kelas `[::]' hilang spesifikasi konversi dalam akhiran berkas tujuan operand hilang setelah %s hilang karakter kelas ekuivalen `[==]' operand berkas hilang hilang nomor heksadesimal dalam escape hilang daftar dari fields hilang daftar dari posisi operand hilang hilang operand setelah %s mode seharusnya menspesifikasikan hanya berkas ijin bits mode dari %s diubah menjadi %04lo (%s)
mode dari %s dijaga sebagai %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s banyak pilihan -i dispesifikasikan multiple pilihan -l atau -t dispesifikasikan banyak aplikasi kompresi dispesifikasikan banyak pembatas dispesifikasikan banyak tingkat jangkauan banyak berkas keluaran dispesifikasikan multiple format keluaran dispesifikasikan banyak sumber random dispesifikasikan multiple relatif pengubah dispesifikasikan banyak peran multiple target direktori dispesifikasikan banyak tipe banyak pengguna bukan link simbolik %s ataupun referensi yang telah diubah
tidak ada variabel SHELL, dan tidak ada pilihan tipe shell yang diberikan tidak merubah kepemilikan dari %s
tidak ada perintah yang dispesifikasikan tidak ada sistem berkas yang diproses tidak ada berkas tersisa tidak ada masukan masukan dari %s bukan nama login tidak ada proses ID dispesifikasikan tidak ada tipe yang bisa dispesikasikan ketika mendump strings jika tidak ada spesifikasi nama pengguna; paling tidak satu harus dispesifikasikan ketika menggunakan -l karakter %s tidak portabel dalam nama berkas %s bukan sebuah tty tidak menulis melalui dangling symlink %s angka dalam %s terlalu besar jumlah dari byte jumlah dari baris offset overflow ketika membaca berkas %s mengabaikan direktori %s hanya [c*] ulang construct mungkin timbul dalam string2 hanya sebuah perangkat yang dispesifikasikan hanya satu tipe dari daftar yang boleh dispesifikasikan gagal membuka membuka %s pilihan yang digunakan tidak valid dalam konteks -- %c pilihan --backup dan --no-clobber adalah mutually ekslusif pilihan --compare (C) dan --preserve-timestamps adalah mutually exclusive pilihan --compare (C) dan --strip adalah mutually exclusive pilihan `-%s' tidak kompatibel Kehabisan akhiran berkas keluaran extending overflow dari ukuran berkas %s pembulatan overflow dari ukuran berkas %s kepemilikan dari %s tetap
kepemilikan dari %s tetap sebagai %s
jumlah halaman berlebihan lebar halaman terlalu kecil menyimpan permission untuk %s menjaga waktu untuk %s menampilkan seluruh baris duplikat dan jumlah pengulangan adalah tidak berarti jangkauan range-endpoint dari `%s-%s' adalah dalam urutan yang terbalik error baca baca gagal membaca %s membaca direktori %s rekaman terlalu besar meredirect stderr ke stdout berkas kosong regular berkas regular menghapus %s
menghapus direktori: %s
menghapus direktori, %s tingkat-proses semaphore pemisah tidak dapat kosong set LC_ALL='C' untuk memperbaiki masalah menset flag untuk %s menset ijin untuk %s menset waktu dari %s objek memori dibagi Skip-bytes + read-bytes terlalu besar melewatkan %s, karena ini ada di perangkat berbeda melewati berkas %s, seperti ini ditimpa ketika sedang disalin socket standar error standar masukan standar masukan telah ditutup keluaran standar stat gagal stderr stdin stdout karakter sisa dalam spesifikasi field gagal membandingkan string Transformasi string gagal strip proses berakhir abnormal menekan non-delimited baris membuat masuk akal
hanya ketika beroperasi di fields link simbolik sintaks error sistem boot ukuran tab tidak bisa 0 ukuran tab berisi karakter tidak valid: %s ukuran tab harus ascending tab stop terlalu besar %s nilai tab stop terlalu besar tabs terlalu jauh dipisahkan target %s bukan sebuah direktori direktori tujuan tidak memperbolehkan ketika memasang sebuah direktori term= test dan/atau [ Pilihan --binary dan --text tidak berarti ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --compare (-C) diabaikan ketika anda menspesifikasikan sebuah mode dengan bit tanpa-ijin pilihan --context (-Z) adalah kadaluarsa dan akan dihilangkan
dalam release selanjutnya pilihan --quiet hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --status hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum pilihan --warn hanya berguna ketika memverifikasikan checksum [c*] construct mungkin timbul dalam string2 hanya ketika menerjemahkan [c*] mengulang contruct mungkin mungkin timbul dalam string1 argumen %s kurang sebuah awalah `+';
ketika menggunakan sebuah pilihan untuk menspesifikasikan tanggal, argumen
bukan pilihan apapun harus dalam sebuah format string yang diawali dengan `+' pembatas harus berupa sebuah karakter pilihan untuk gaya verbose dan stty-readable keluaran adalah
mutualy exclusive pilihan untuk keluaran dircolors' internal database dan
untuk memilih sintak shell adalah mutually exclusif Pilihan untuk mencetak dan menset waktu mungkin bisa digunakan bersama Pilihan untuk menspesifikasikan tanggal untuk pencetakan adalah mutually exclusive string yang dibandingkan adalah %s dan %s pilihan strip tidak boleh digunakan ketika memasang sebuah direktori untransformasi string adalah %s jam %s adalah diluar jangkauan untuk menggunakan ID pengguna %s anda juga harus menggunakan pilihan -g terlalu sedikit X dalam template %s terlalu banyak %% spesifikasi konversi dalam akhiran terlalu banyak karakter dalam set terlalu banyak pengulangan baris terlalu banyak template total traversal gagal: %s objek memori diketik uid=%lu tidak dapat menampilkan pesan kesalahan tidak dapat menyimpan direktori kerja sekarang gagal untuk menset konteks keamanan %s kegagalan tidak terduga: fts_info=%d: %s
mohon laporkan ke %s operator binary tidak diketahui status dari perintah (0x%X) tidak diketahui Aliran tidak diketahui ID pengguna tidak diketahui: %s nilai tidak dapat diparse untuk variabel lingkungan LS_COLORS operand %s tidak dikenal prefix tidak dikenal: %s nyala %ld hari %2d:%02d, nyala %ld hari %2d:%02d, nyala ???? hari ??:??, gunakan --no-preserve-root untuk memaksa gagal-aman ini pengguna %s tidak ada menggunakan %s untuk mengatakan standar masukan tidak bekerja dalam mode sistem berkas menggunakan aritmetik arbitrary-precision menggunakan shell %s terbatas menggunakan aritmetik single-precision menunggu untuk %s [-d] menunggu untuk strip peringatan: %s: karakter mengikuti konstan karakter telah diabaikan peringatan: %s: gagal untuk mengubah konteks ke %s peringata: --pid=PID tidak didukung dalam sistem ini peringatan: --retry hanya berguna ketik diikuti dengan nama peringatan: PID diabaikan; --pid=PID hanya berguna ketika mengikuti peringatan: `touch %s' sudah kadaluarsa; gunakan `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' peringatan: sebuah backslash tidak diescape di akhir dari string tidak portabel peringatan: backslash di akhir dari format peringatan: tidak dapat pindah ke direktori %s peringatan: tidak dapat menghapus: %s peringatan: mengikuti standar masukan secara tak terhingga adalah tidak efektif peringatan: mengabaikan kelebihan argumen, dimulai dengan %s peringatan: berkas ofset tidak valid setelah gagal baca peringatan: lebar tidak valid %lu; menggunakan %d peringatan: nomor baris %s sama dengan nomor baris sebelumnya peringatan: berkas sumber %s dispesifikasikan lebih dari sekali peringatan: meringkas konflik dengan --max-depth=%lu peringatan: meringkas adalah sama dengan menggunakan --max-depth=0 peringatan: pilihan --%s sudah ditinggalkan; gunakan --reference peringatan: escape \%c%c%c oktal ambigu sedang
diinterpretasikan sebagai urutan 2-byte \0%c%c, %c peringatan: escape tidak dikenal `\%c' peringatan: bekerja dalam lseek kernel bug untuk berkas (%s)
dari mt type=0x%00lx -- lihat untuk daftar dari type berkas aneh ketika memotong set1, string2 mungkin tidak kosong ketika membaca nama berkas dari stdin, tidak ada nama berkas dari %s dibolehkan ketika menspesifikasikan gaya keluaran, mode mungkin tidak diset ketika menerjemahkan dengan kelas karakter komplemen,
string2 harus memetakan seluruh karakter dalam domain ke satu ketika menerjemahkan, hanya kelas karakter yang mungkin timbul dalam
string2 adalah `upper' dan `lower' tidak akan disalin %s melalui baru-dibuat symlink %s tidak akan membuah link keras %s ke direktori %s tidak akan menimpa baru dibuat %s dengan %s dengan --parents, tujuan harus berupa sebuah direktori dengan --suffix, template %s harus berakhir dalam X error menulis error dalam penulisan untuk %s tulis gagal menulis %s menulis ke %s anda harus menspesifikasikan -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, atau konteks anda harus menspesifikasikan sebuah daftar dari bytes, karakter, atau fields anda harus menspesifikasikan satu dari %s atau %s PRIuMAX PRIdMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks failed to truncate to % bytes in output file %s failed to allocate a % byte stdio buffer
%s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % overflow in % * % byte blocks for file %s truncating %s at % bytes %+% catatan masuk
%+% catatan keluar
% rekaman terpotong
% rekaman terpotong
% byte (%s) tersalin % byte (%s) tersalin ofset terlalu besar: tidak dapat memotong ke panjang dari seek=% (%lu-byte) blok gagal untuk memotong % byte dalam berkas keluaran %s gagal untuk mengalokasikan sebuah % byte penyangga stdio
%s: %: baris checksum %s terformat secara tidak benar PERINGATAN: % dari % daftar berkas tidak dapat dibaca PERINGATAN: % dari % daftar berkas tidak dapat dibaca PERINGATAN: % dari % checksum yang terhitung TIDAK cocok PERINGATAN: % dari % checksum yang terhitung TIDAK cocok nomor halaman dimulai dari % melebihi jumlah halaman % Halaman % overflow dalam % * % byte blok untuk berkas %s memotong %s di % byte usr/share/locale/ro/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000171400 15100167021 0014471 0 ustar 00 0 ) 8 $8 48 49 59 G 79 9 > u: : =; < A < < > = = = 7 > ;> G> > > ? i ? W ? 4 ? @ 1 @ @ 6 A $ A ( B $ +B PB # 1C " UC % xC
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v 6 X @ . j s F a Y [ y l 1 y j \ < " K $ G C T $ P J & " H 7 P
k 6 p W m ] H V R * ? i [ w I U o : = = > b ) V E %
* v z D < s ; % % U Z ^ M T & 5 z G . a 3 ^ { 2 f ` x r N A R k 0 t q ? y E i E h x b ! F c : m 9 0 N } i Y O b a _ B Q 3 2 B s " t r L 6 q - > ? } ^ ` , _ A c ' o - ( e X } x { * f 2 f ~ W # g ) r ' 5 V L C w d { g ( n ] 4 # : 8 w ( # O B D Z c 7 u > z ~ R | e u + , T K l 8 P q & j 5 \ \ v
N
p ! < K / W Q J + S m X Z D8 p8 8 8 8 8 8 9
1 / ! V
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% %S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
direct use direct I/O for data
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
nofollow do not follow symlinks
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) ??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old %.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has unknown file type %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: No such user %s: binary operator expected %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: error truncating %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: file has negative size %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid directive %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: write error ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) , load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Bus error CPU time limit exceeded Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Dmitry V. Levin Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
F. Pinard FAILED File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Floating point exception General help using GNU software:
H. Peter Anvin I/O possible Ian Lance Taylor Idle Illegal instruction In real life: Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Ordering options:
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print machine architecture.
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the name of the current user.
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Regular expression too big Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Valid arguments are: Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead Warning: When Where Window changed Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
^[nN] ^[yY] ` a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backup type block special file both files cannot be standard input can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot read directory %s cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot run %s cannot set date cannot set groups cannot set name to %s cannot specify times from more than one source cannot stat %s cannot touch %s cannot watch %s changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character out of range character special file clearing permissions for %s close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file couldn't create temporary file created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name error closing file error initializing month strings error reading %s error writing %s extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring non-option arguments incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid trailing option -- %c invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s memory exhausted message queue missing `]' missing argument after %s missing destination file operand after %s missing file operand missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multiple -l or -t options specified multiple delimiters specified multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple target directories specified no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no process ID specified nonportable character %s in file name %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines omitting directory %s only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout string comparison failed string transformation failed symbolic link syntax error system boot target %s is not a directory term= the delimiter must be a single character the strings compared were %s and %s the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range too few X's in template %s too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unknown binary operator unknown stream unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once weird file when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-24 17:20+0200
Last-Translator: Sergiu Bivol
Language-Team: Romanian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n==1 ? 0 : (n==0 || (n%100 > 0 && n%100 <20)) ? 1 : 2;
X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0
Un simplu - implică -i. Fără COMANDĂ tipărește mediul rezultant.
BLOCURI și OCTEȚI pot fi urmate de următoarele sufixe multiplicative:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, și așa mai departe pentru T, P, E, Z, Y.
Fiecare simbol CONV poate fi:
Fiecare REGIM are forma „[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+”.
Exemple:
%s f - g Arată conținutul lui f, apoi intrarea standard, apoi conținutul lui g.
%s Copiază intrarea standard spre ieșirea standard.
Exemple:
%s root /u Schimbă proprietarul lui /u la „root”.
%s root:staff /u Asemenea, dar schimbă și grupul la „staff”.
%s -hR root /u Schimbă proprietarul lui /u și al subdosarelor la „root”.
Exemple:
%s staff /u Schimbă grupul lui /u la „staff”.
%s -hR staff /u Schimbă grupul lui /u și al subdosarelor la „staff”.
Dacă nu este dată nicio comandă, execută „${SHELL} -i” (implicit: /bin/sh).
Licența GPLv3+: GNU GPL versiunea 3 sau ulterioară .
Acesta este software liber: sînteți liber să-l modificați și să-l redistribuiți.
Nu există NICIO GARANȚIE, în limitele prevăzute de lege.
Rețineți, comparările respectă regulile specificate de „LC_COLLATE”.
Raportați erorile %s la %s
Raportați erorile la: %s
Fără FIȘIER, sau cînd FIȘIER e -, citește intrarea standard.
??? --no-preserve-root nu trata „/” deosebit (implicit)
--preserve-root eșuează la operarea recursivă pe „/”
Dimens Utilizat Liber Uz% Inoduri IUtilizat ILiber IUz% Dimens Utiliz Liber Uz% %S secundă (00..60)
%t un tabulator
%T ora; identic cu %H:%M:%S
%u ziua săptămînii (1..7); 1 e Luni
%k oră ( 0..23)
%l oră ( 1..12)
%m lună (01..12)
%M minut (00..59)
--output-delimiter=ȘIR separă coloanele cu ȘIR
--userspec=UTILIZATOR:GRUP specifică utilizatorul și grupul (ID sau nume) de utilizat
--groups=LISTĂ_G specifică grupuri suplimentare ca g1,g2,..,gN
-c, --no-create nu crea niciun fișier
-t echivalent cu -vT
-T, --show-tabs afișează caracterele TAB ca ^I
-u (ignorat)
-v, --show-nonprinting utilizează notația ^ și M-, în afară de LFD și TAB
-t, --text citește în regim textual (implicit)
binary utilizează I/E binară pentru date
cio utilizează I/E concurentă pentru date
direct utilizează I/E directă pentru date
nocreat nu crea fișierul de ieșire
excl eșuează dacă fișierul de ieșire există deja
notrunc nu trunchia fișierul de ieșire
ucase schimbă minusculele în majuscule
swab interschimbă fiecare pereche de octeți de intrare
nofollow nu urma legăturile simbolice
text utilizează I/E textuală pentru date
%4s-blocuri Utilizat Disponibil Uz%% %H:%M%P blocuri %s Utilizat Disponibil Capacitate (rezervă: %s) ??:???? Montat pe
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu grupuri= vechi %.*s: specificare de conversie nevalidă %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu utilizator %lu utilizatori %lu de utilizatori %s %s și %s sînt unul și același fișier %s există dar nu este un dosar %s a devenit accesibil %s a devenit inaccesibil %s are un tip de fișier necunoscut Pagina oficială %s: <%s>
Pagina oficială %s:
%s nu este un întreg pozitiv valid %s este prea mare %s: %s este atît de mare încît nu poate fi reprezentat %s: %s: număr linie în afara intervalului %s: %s: nicio potrivire găsită %s: Nu există un asemenea utilizator %s: operator binar așteptat %s: dosarul nu se poate suprascrie %s: nu se poate căuta %s: nu se poate căuta la decalajul %s %s: nu se poate sări %s: nu se poate sări la decalajul specificat %s: descindeți în dosarul %s? %s: descindeți în dosarul protejat la scriere %s? %s: sfîrșit de fișier %s: eroare la trunchiere %s: se aștepta o valoare numerică %s: eșec la închidere %s: eșec la deschiderea pentru scriere %s: eșec la eliminare %s: fcntl eșuat %s: fișierul are dimensiune nevalidă %s: fișier prea mare %s: fișier prea lung %s: fișier trunchiat %s: fstat eșuat %s: fișierul de intrare este fișier de ieșire %s: se așteaptă întreg după delimitator %s: PID nevalid %s: directivă nevalidă %s: dimensiune de fișier nevalidă %s: tip de fișier nevalid %s: număr nevalid %s: număr de octeți nevalid %s: număr de linii nevalid %s: număr de secunde nevalid %s: opțiune nevalidă -- „%c”
%s: model nevalid %s: identificator de proces nevalid %s: expresie regulată nevalidă: %s %s: semnal nevalid %s: numărul liniei trebuie să fie mai mare ca zero %s: număr linie în afara intervalului %s: semnale multiple specificate %s: noile permisiuni sînt %s, nu %s %s: nu se face lista dosarului deja făcută %s: numărul de octeți e prea mare %s: opțiunea „%c%s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „%s” e ambiguă
%s: opțiunea „--%s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „-W %s” nu permite un argument
%s: opțiunea „-W %s” e ambiguă
%s: opțiunea cere un argument -- „%c”
%s: suprascrieți %s? %s: eroare de citire %s: eliminați %s %s? %s: eliminați toate argumentele recursiv? %s: eliminați toate argumentele? %s: eliminat %s: eliminare %s: redenumit în %s %s: înlocuiți %s? %s: operator unar așteptat %s: opțiune necunoscută „%c%s”
%s: opțiune necunoscută „--%s”
%s: eroare de scriere ” „)” așteptat „)” așteptat, %s găsit (C) , încărcare medie: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--reflink poate fi utilizat numai cu --sparse=auto -R --dereference necesită fie -H, fie -L -R -h cere -P -ef nu acceptă -l -nt nu acceptă -l -ot nu acceptă -l ???
????? Abandonat Familie de adrese pentru gazdă nesusținută Toate argumentele obligatorii pentru opțiuni lungi sînt obligatorii pentru opțiuni scurte
Toate cererile terminate Tampon prea mic pentru argumente Arnold Robbins Apel de sistem greșit Valoare greșită pentru ai_flags Brian Fox Eroare de magistrală S-a depășit limita de timp CPU Chet Ramey Copilul s-a închis Colin Plumb Compară fișierele sortate FIȘIER1 și FIȘIER2 linie cu linie.
Concatenează FIȘIER(e) sau intrarea standard spre ieșirea standard.
-A, --show-all echivalent cu -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numerotează liniile rezultante nevide
-e echivalent cu -vE
-E, --show-ends afișează $ la sfîrșitul fiecărei linii
-n, --number numerotează toate liniile rezultante
-s, --squeeze-blank suprimă liniile rezultante vide repetate
Continuat Copiază SURSĂ la DESTINAȚIE, sau multiple SURSE în DOSAR.
Copiază un fișier, convertind și formatînd conform operanzilor.
bs=OCTEȚI citește și scrie OCTEȚI octeți odată (vezi și ibs=,obs=)
cbs=OCTEȚI convertește OCTEȚI octeți odată
conv=CONV convertește fișierul conform listei de simboluri separate prin virgulă
count=BLOCURI copiază numai BLOCURI blocuri de intrare
ibs=OCTEȚI citește OCTEȚI octeți odată (implicit: 512)
Creează DOSAR(ele), dacă acestea nu există deja.
Creează fișierul special DENUMIRE de tip TIP.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Dosar: Dmitrii V. Levin Imită ȘIR(uri) spre ieșirea standard.
-n nu afișa linia nouă finală
François Pinard EȘUAT S-a depășit limita de dimensiune a fișierului Sistem de fișiere Sistem de fiș. Tip Excepție de virgulă mobilă Ajutor general la utilizarea aplicațiilor GNU:
H. Peter Anvin I/E posibile Ian Lance Taylor Inactiv Instrucțiune ilegală În viața reală: Întrerupe Întrerupt de un semnal Conținut nevalid al \{\} Expresie regulată precedentă nevalidă Sfîrșit nevalid de domeniu Expresie regulată nevalidă James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Omorît LINIE Autentificare Nume de autentificare: Argumentele obligatorii pentru opțiuni lungi sînt obligatorii și pentru opțiunile scurte.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Eșec la alocarea memoriei Memorie epuizată Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker Nume Nume sau serviciu necunoscut Nicio adresă asociată cu numele gazdei Nicio potrivire Nicio expresie regulată anterioară Eșec nerecuperabil la rezolvarea numelui OK Opțiuni de ordonare:
PID Împachetat de %s
Împachetat de %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Șirul parametrului e codificat greșit Parolă: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Pană de curent Sfîrșit prematur al expresiei regulate Tipărește suma de verificare CRC și numărul de octeți al fiecărui FIȘIER.
Tipărește arhitectura mașinii.
Tipărește fragmente alese de linie din fiecare FIȘIER pe ieșirea standard.
Tipărește denumirea completă a dosarului de lucru curent.
Tipărește numele utilizatorului curent.
Tipărește valoarea unei legături simbolice sau denumiri de fișier canonice
Prelucrare cerere în curs Proiect: Q. Frank Xia Termină Randy Smith Semnal în timp real %d Expresie regulată prea mare Redenumește SURSĂ în DEST, sau mută SURSĂ în DOSAR.
Raportați erorile %s la: %s
Cerere anulată Cerere neanulată Resursă pierdută Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Rulează COMANDĂ cu dosarul rădăcină stabilit la RĂDĂCINĂNOUĂ.
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Trimite semnale către procese sau enumeră semnalele.
Nume de server nesuportat pentru ai_socktype Stabiliți LC_ALL='C' pentru a evita problema. Interpretor: Arată informații despre sistemul de fișiere pe care rezidă fiecare FIȘIER
sau implicit toate sistemele de fișiere.
Simon Josefsson Fișierele speciale necesită numere de dispozitiv majore și minore. Oprit Oprit (semnal) Oprit (intrare tty) Oprit (ieșire tty) Stuart Kemp Succes Sumarizează utilizarea discului de către fiecare FIȘIER, recursiv pentru dosare.
Eroare de sistem Eroare temporară la rezolvarea numelui Terminat Următoarele opțiuni modifică traversarea unei ierarhii cînd este specificată
și opțiunea -R. Dacă este specificată mai mult de una, numai cea finală
are efect.
-H dacă un argument în linia de comandă este o legătură
simbolică la un dosar, traverseaz-o
-L traversează fiecare legătură simbolică la un dosar
întîlnită
-P nu traversa nicio legătură simbolică (implicit)
Șirurile comparate au fost %s și %s. Torbjorn Granlund Încercați „%s --help” pentru informații suplimentare.
Încercați „%s ./%s” pentru a elimina fișierul %s.
Ulrich Drepper Eroare necunoscută Semnal necunoscut %d Eroare de sistem necunoscută ( sau \( fără pereche ) sau \) fără pereche [ sau [^ fără pereche \{ fără pereche Condiție I/E urgentă Utilizare: %s
Utilizare: %s COMANDĂ [ARG]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s EXPRESIE
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FIȘIER
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FIȘIER1 FIȘIER2
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s DENUMIRE
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s DENUMIRE [SUFIX]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE... FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [-LĂȚIME] [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [-s SEMNAL | -SEMNAL] PID...
sau: %s -l [SEMNAL]...
sau: %s -t [SEMNAL]...
Utilizare: %s [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Utilizare: %s [NUME]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Tipărește sau stabilește numele de gazdă al sistemului curent.
Utilizare: %s [NUMĂR]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPERAND]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]
Tipărește identificatorul numeric (hexazecimal) pentru gazda curentă.
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE] RĂDĂCINĂNOUĂ [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
sau: %s OPȚIUNE
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE] [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DOSAR...
Utilizare: %s OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER MODEL...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... FIȘIER1 FIȘIER2
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... GRUP FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... REGIM[,REGIM]... FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... REGIM-OCTAL FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DENUMIRE TIP [MAJOR MINOR]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... DENUMIRE...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... MULȚIME1 [MULȚIME2]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [+FORMAT]
sau: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [LLZZhhmm[[SS]AA][.ss]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-T] SURSĂ DEST
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... SURSĂ... DOSAR
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... -t DOSAR SURSĂ...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-] [NUME=VALOARE]... [COMANDĂ [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [-] [UTILIZATOR [ARG]...]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]
Codifică sau decodifică FIȘIER sau intrarea standard în Base64, spre ieșirea standard.
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FIȘIER] [[+]DECALAJ[.][b]]
sau: %s --traditional [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER] [[+]DECALAJ[.][b] [+][ETICHETĂ][.][b]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [FIȘIER]...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --files0-from=F
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE [PREFIX]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE]... (fără -G)
sau: %s -G [OPȚIUNE]... [INTRARE [IEȘIRE]]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [PROPRIETAR][:[GRUP]] FIȘIER...
sau: %s [OPȚIUNE]... --reference=FIȘIER-REF FIȘIER...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [ȘABLON]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE]... [UTILIZATOR]...
Utilizare: %s [OPȚIUNE-SCURTĂ]... [ȘIR]...
sau: %s OPȚIUNE-LUNGĂ
Semnal definit de utilizator 1 Semnal definit de utilizator 2 Argumente valide sînt: Cronometrul virtual a expirat ATENȚIE: --page-increment este învechit; utilizați --line-increment în schimb Atenție: Cînd Unde Fereastra s-a schimbat Scris de %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s și alții.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s,
%s și %s.
Scris de %s, %s, %s
și %s.
Scris de %s, %s și %s.
Scris de %s.
^[nN] ^[dDyY] „ o comandă trebuie dată cu o ajustare se accesează %s ai_family nu este suportat ai_socktype nu este suportat argument ambiguu %s pentru %s ieșirea se adaugă la %s copierea de rezervă %s ar distruge sursa; %s nu este copiat tip copie de siguranță fișier bloc special ambele fișiere nu pot fi intrarea standard nu se poate aplica context parțial asupra fișierului ne-etichetat %s contextul procesului nu poate fi obținut %s nu poate fi accesat %s nu poate fi copiat de rezervă apartenența %s nu poate fi schimbată permisiunile %s nu se pot modifica dosarul rădăcină nu poate fi schimbat la %s nu se poate schimba la dosarul %s nu se poate schimba la dosarul rădăcină nu se pot combina --target-directory (-t) și --no-target-directory (-T) nu se pot combina --target-directory și --no-target-directory block și unblock nu se pot combina excl și nocreat nu se pot combina lcase și ucase nu se pot combina opțiunile regimului și ale --reference nu pot fi combinate semnalul nu se poate combina cu -l sau -t denumirile de fișier %s și %s nu se pot compara U+%04X nu poate fi convertit în setul de caractere local U+%04X nu poate fi convertit în setul de caractere local: %s nu se poate copia un dosar, %s, în el însuși, %s nu se poate copia legătura simbolică ciclică %s dosarul %s nu poate fi creat legătura %s nu poate fi creată nu se poate crea legătura %s la %s fișierul obișnuit %s nu poate fi creat fișierul special %s nu poate fi creat legătura simbolică %s nu poate fi creată nu se poate crea legătura simbolică %s la %s %s nu poate fi dereferențiat dispozitivul și inodul pentru %s nu pot fi determinate numele gazdei nu se poate determina nu se poate face ioctl asupra %s nu se poate face fstat %s nu se poate obține dosarul curent nu se poate obține numele sistemului nu se poate face lseek %s dosarul %s nu poate fi făcut nu se poate muta %s la %s %s nu poate fi mutat într-un subdosar al său, %s %s nu poate fi deschis pentru citire %s nu se poate deschide pentru scriere dosarul %s nu poate fi deschis nu se poate suprascrie dosarul %s cu non-dosar nu se poate suprascrie non-dosarul %s cu dosarul %s dosarul %s nu poate fi citit legătura simbolică %s nu poate fi citită tabelul sistemelor de fișiere montate nu poate fi citit %s nu poate fi eliminat nu se poate rula %s nu se poate stabili data nu se pot stabili grupurile numele nu poate fi stabilit la %s timpii nu pot fi specificați din mai mult de o sursă nu se poate face stat %s nu se poate atinge %s %s nu se poate urmări grupul %s schimbat la %s
apartenența %s schimbată la %s
se modifică grupul %s se modifică apartenența %s se modifică permisiunile %s se schimbă contextul de securitate al %s
caracter în afara diapazonului fișier caracterial special se curăță permisiunile pentru %s închidere eșuată se închide %s se închide %s (fd=%d) se închide dosarul %s se închide fișierul de intrare %s se închide fișierul de ieșire %s se închide intrarea standard regimul de compatibilitate susține cel mult un fișier fișierul temporar nu a putut fi creat creat dosarul %s se creează dosarul %s se creează fișierul %s
se creează legătura simbolică %s se creează legătura simbolică %s -> %s dosar împărțire la zero dup2 eșuat %s gol interzis denumire de fișier goală eroare la închiderea fișierului eroare la inițializarea șirurilor lunii eroare la citirea %s eroare la scrierea %s argument în plus %s operand %s în plus operand în plus %s
eșec la schimbarea contextului %s în %s eșec la modificarea grupului %s în %s
eșec la modificarea regimului %s în %04lo (%s)
eșec la schimbarea apartenenței %s
eșec la schimbarea apartenenței %s la %s
nu s-a putut face chdir în %s eșec la clonarea %s eșec la crearea dosarului prin șablonul %s eșec la crearea fișierului prin șablonul %s eșec la crearea contextului de securitate: %s eșec la obținerea atributelor %s eșec la obținerea grupurilor pentru procesul curent eșec la obținerea grupurilor pentru utilizatorul %s eșec la obținerea contextului de securitate al %s găsirea fișierului %s a eșuat eșec la deschiderea %s păstrarea apartenenței pentru %s a eșuat păstrarea permisiunilor pentru %s a eșuat păstrarea timpilor pentru %s a eșuat redirijarea ieșirii standard a eșuat eșec la redirecționarea stderr spre /dev/null eșec la eliminarea %s eșec la eliminarea dosarului %s deschiderea %s în regimul %s a eșuat întoarcerea la dosarul de lucru inițial a eșuat eșec la rularea comenzii %s eșec la stabilirea grupurilor suplimentare eșec la stabilirea contextului implicit de creare a fișierelor la %s eșec la stabilirea ID-grup eșec la stabilirea ID-utilizator nu s-a putut face stat %s fdatasync eșuat pentru %s fflush eșuat numărul de cîmp %s e prea mare numărul cîmpului e zero cîmpurile și pozițiile sînt numerotate începînd cu 1 fifo fișierul %d nu este în ordine sortată fsync eșuat pentru %s fts_close a eșuat fts_read a eșuat getpass: nu se poate deschide /dev/tty se obțin noile atribute ale %s grupul %s reținut ca %s
funcție iconv indisponibilă funcție iconv inutilizabilă id= se ignoră toate argumentele se ignoră intrarea se ignoră intrarea și ieșirea se adaugă la %s se ignoră intrarea și se redirecționează stderr spre stdout se ignoră argumentele non-opțiune parolă incorectă intrarea a dispărut linie de intrare prea lungă argument %s%s nevalid „%s” ajustare nevalidă %s argument nevalid %s pentru %s stil nevalid de numerotare corp: %s context nevalid: %s conversie nevalidă dată nevalidă %s format de dată necunoscut %s dispozitiv nevalid %s %s tip de dispozitiv nevalid %s număr de cîmp nevalid: %s specificator de cîmp nevalid: %s lățime de cîmp nevalidă: %s stil nevalid de numerotare coloncifru: %s precizie nevalidă a formatului lățime nevalidă a formatului grup nevalid grup %s nevalid listă de grupuri %s nevalidă grup nevalid: %s stil nevalid de numerotare colontitlu: %s intrare nevalidă fanion de intrare nevalid format nevalid de numerotare linii: %s lățime linie nevalidă: %s regim nevalid regim nevalid %s regim nevalid: %s număr nevalid %s număr nevalid după „,” număr nevalid după „-” număr nevalid după „.” număr nevalid de linii goale: %s număr de octeți nevalid număr nevalid de coloane: %s număr de linii nevalid număr de linii nevalid: 0 opțiune nevalidă -- %c fanion de ieșire nevalid interval de pagini nevalid %s precizie nevalidă: %s număr nevalid de linie inițială: %s fanion de stare nevalid șablonul nevalid, %s, conține separator de dosare șablon nevalid, %s; cu --tmpdir, poate să nu fie absolut opțiune finală nevalidă -- %c utilizator nevalid utilizator nevalid %s lățime nevalidă: %s denumire fișier de lungime zero nevalidă operarea recursivă pe %s este periculoasă operarea recursivă pe %s este periculoasă (la fel ca %s) numărul de linie %s e mai mic decît numărul liniei precedente, %s memorie epuizată coadă de mesaje lipsește „]” argument lipsă după %s lipsă operand fișier destinație după %s lipsă operand fișier lipsește lista de cîmpuri lipsește lista de poziții operand lipsă operand lipsă după %s regimul %s schimbat la %04lo (%s)
regimul %s reținut ca %04lo (%s)
multiple opțiuni -l sau -t specificate delimitatori multipli specificați multiple fișiere de ieșire specificate multiple formate de ieșire specificate multiple dosare-țintă specificate nicio modificare la apartenența %s
nicio comandă specificată niciun sistem de fișiere prelucrat niciun fișier rămas niciun identificator de proces specificat caracter neportabil %s în denumirea de fișier %s numărul din %s e prea mare număr de octeți număr de linii se omite dosarul %s poate fi specificat numai un tip de listă deschidere eșuată se deschide %s opțiunile --backup și --no-clobber se exclud reciproc opțiunile „-%s” sînt incompatibile apartenența %s reținută
apartenența %s reținută ca %s
se păstrează permisiunile pentru %s se păstrează timpii pentru %s eroare de citire citire eșuată se citește %s se citește dosarul %s înregistrare prea mare stderr se redirijează spre stdout fișier gol obișnuit fișier obișnuit eliminat %s
dosar eliminat: %s
se elimină dosarul, %s semafor separatorul nu poate fi gol stabiliți LC_ALL='C' pentru a evita problema se stabilesc fanioane pentru %s se stabilesc permisiunile pentru %s se stabilesc timpii %s obiect de memorie partajată skip-bytes + read-bytes este prea mare se sare %s, întrucît se află pe alt dispozitiv se sare fișierul %s, întrucît a fost înlocuit în timpul copierii soclu eroarea standard intrarea standard intrarea standard este închisă ieșirea standard stat eșuat eroarea standard intrarea standard ieșirea standard compararea șirurilor a eșuat transformarea șirului a eșuat legătură simbolică eroare de sintaxă demarare sistem ținta %s nu este un dosar term= delimitatorul trebuie să fie un singur caracter șirurile comparate au fost %s și %s șirul transformat a fost %s ora %s este în afara intervalului prea puțini X în șablonul %s prea multe caractere în mulțime prea multe linii repetate prea multe șabloane total uid=%lu imposibil de afișat mesaj de eroare dosarul de lucru curent nu poate fi înregistrat operator binar necunoscut flux necunoscut valoarea pentru variabila de mediu LS_COLORS nu poate fi parcursă operand %s necunoscut prefix necunoscut: %s utilizați --no-preserve-root pentru a suprascrie această valoare de siguranță utilizatorul %s nu există se utilizează interpretorul restricționat %s atenție: dosarul nu se poate schimba la %s atenție: se ignoră argumentele în exces, începînd cu %s atenție: lățime nevalidă %lu; se utilizează %d în loc atenție: numărul de linie %s e același ca și numărul liniei precedente atenție: fișierul-sursă %s specificat mai mult decît o dată fișier ciudat la citirea denumirilor de fișiere din stdin, denumirea %s nu este permisă cu --parents, destinația trebuie să fie un dosar eroare de scriere eroare de scriere pentru %s scriere eșuată se scrie %s se scrie în %s trebuie să specificați o listă de octeți, caractere sau cîmpuri PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied Page % %+% înregistrări citite
%+% înregistrări scrise
% înregistrare trunchiată
% înregistrări trunchiate
% de înregistrări trunchiate
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--help display this help and exit
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --login print system login processes
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
EXIT Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
IDLE Idle In real life: Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Special files require major and minor device numbers. Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory division by zero empty file name empty tab error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to return to initial working directory failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid precision: %s invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid tab size: %s invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple target directories specified neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 6.5
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2006-11-23 22:41+0200
Last-Translator: Anton Zinoviev
Language-Team: Bulgarian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
( ИЗРАЗ ) ИЗРАЗ е истина
! ИЗРАЗ ИЗРАЗ е лъжа
ИЗРАЗ1 -a ИЗРАЗ2 както ИЗРАЗ1, така и ИЗРАЗ2 са истина
ИЗРАЗ1 -o ИЗРАЗ2 поне един от ИЗРАЗ1 и ИЗРАЗ2 е истина
-a, --all същото като -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot времето на последното начално зареждане
-d, --dead извежда броя умрели процеси
-H, --heading извежда антетка
-b ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е специален блоков
-c ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е символен специален
-d ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е каталог
-e ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува
-l извежда в дълъг по-подробен формат за посочените ПОТРЕБИТЕЛи
-b изпуска потребителския домашен каталог в дългия формат
-h изпуска потребителския файл проект в дългия формат
-p изпуска потребителския файл план в дългия формат
-s извежда в кратък формат; по подразбиране е така
[-n] НИЗ НИЗ е с ненулева дължина
НИЗ същото като -n НИЗ
-z НИЗ НИЗ е с дължина нула
НИЗ1 = НИЗ2 низовете са еднакви
НИЗ1 != НИЗ2 низовете не са еднакви
ARG1 * ARG2 аритметично произведение на ARG1 и ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 аритметично частно на ARG1 разделен на ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 аритметичен остатък на ARG1 разделен на ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 аритметична сума на ARG1 и ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 аритметична разлика на ARG1 и ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 е по-малък от ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 е по-малък или равен на ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 е равен на ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 е различен от ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 е по-голям или равен на ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 е по-голям от ARG2
ФАЙЛ1 -ef ФАЙЛ2 ФАЙЛ1 и ФАЙЛ2 имат еднакви номера на устройство и i-възел
ФАЙЛ1 -nt ФАЙЛ2 ФАЙЛ1 е по-нов (спрямо датата на изменение) от ФАЙЛ2
ФАЙЛ1 -ot ФАЙЛ2 ФАЙЛ1 е по-стар от ФАЙЛ2
ЦЯЛО_ЧИСЛО копира до посочения номер на ред, без да го включва
/РЕГИЗРАЗ/[ОТМЕСТ] копира до отговарящ ред, но без да го включва
%РЕГИЗРАЗ%[ОТМЕСТ] пропуска до отговарящ ред, но без да го включва
{ЦЯЛО_ЧИСЛО} повтаря предходния образец посочения брой пъти
{*} повтаря предходния образец колкото пъти е възможно
ОТМЕСТ мери брой редове и е положително число, предхождано от „+“ или „-“.
ЦЯЛО1 -eq ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е равно на ЦЯЛО2
ЦЯЛО1 -ge ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е по-голямо или равно на ЦЯЛО2
ЦЯЛО1 -gt ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е по-голямо от ЦЯЛО2
ЦЯЛО1 -le ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е по-малко или равно на ЦЯЛО2
ЦЯЛО1 -lt ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е по-малко от ЦЯЛО2
ЦЯЛО1 -ne ЦЯЛО2 ЦЯЛО1 е различно от ЦЯЛО2
НИЗ : РЕГИЗР стриктно (anchored) съпоставяне на образеца РЕГИЗР в НИЗ
match НИЗ РЕГИЗР същото като НИЗ : РЕГИЗР
substr НИЗ ПОЗИЦ ДЪЛЖ подниз на НИЗ, ПОЗИЦ се брои от 1
index НИЗ ЗНАЦИ място в НИЗ, където се намира някой от ЗНАЦИ, или 0
length НИЗ дължината на НИЗ
b създава блоков (буфериран) специален файл
c, u създава символен (небуфериран) специален файл
p създава именуван канал
брой потребители - %lu
Олекотена програма „finger“ -- извежда информация за потребител.
Файлът utmp ще бъде %s.
Просто - означава -i. Ако не е дадена КОМАНДА, отпечатва полученото обкръжение.
Само - влече -l. Ако не е посочен ПОТР, приема се root.
След кой да е от флаговете може да бъде посочена ширина на полето във вид на
десетично число, след което може да е зададен още един от следните модификатори:
E за да се използва алтернативното представяне според локала, или
O за да се използват алтернативните числови знаци, ако ги има.
Ако ИЗРАЗ е изпуснат, се приема лъжа. Иначе ИЗРАЗ е истина и лъжа и определя
кода на завършване. Той може да бъде:
По изключение ако са зададени опции --force и --backup, а ИЗТОЧНИК и ЦЕЛ са едно
и също име на съществуващ обикновен файл, cp прави резервно копие на ИЗТОЧНИК.
В командните обвивки трябва да защитавате много от операторите с кавички или \.
Сравненията са аритметични, ако и двата ARG са числа, а иначе лексикографски.
Съпоставянията с образец връщат низа, паснал между първите \( и \) или празен,
а ако не са използвани \( и \) връща броя паснали знаци или 0.
Както ГОЛЯМ, така и МАЛЪК трябва да се посочат, ако ТИП е „b“, „c“ или „u“, и
трябва да се пропуснат, ако ТИП е „p“. Ако ГОЛЯМ или МАЛЪК започва с 0x или 0X,
номерът се интерпретира като шестнадесетичен, иначе ако започва с 0, като
осмичен и иначе -- като десетичен. ТИП може да бъде:
По подразбиране rm не изтрива каталози. За целта ползвайте опцията --recursive
(-r или -R), която ще изтрие всеки изброен каталог, заедно със съдържанието му.
По подразбиране се използва -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC са
двата символа, използвани за разделяне на логическите страници. Ако липсва,
по подразбиране вторият символ е :. Използвайте \\ за \. СТИЛ е едно от:
Комбинирани настройки:
* [-]LCASE същото като [-]lcase
cbreak същото като -icanon
-cbreak същото като icanon
Управляващи настройки:
[-]clocal забранява сигналите управляващите сигнали за модем
[-]cread позволява да се получава входа
* [-]crtscts позволява диалог (handshaking) RTS/CTS
csN посочва размер на знаците до N бита, N е от 5 до 8
Всеки знак за ФЛАГ може да бъде:
append режим добавяне (смислено само за изхода, препоръчва се conv=notrunc)
Всеки РЕЖИМ е от вида „[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+“.
Примери:
%s /usr/bin/sort извежда „sort“.
%s include/stdio.h .h извежда „stdio“.
Примери:
%s /usr/bin/sort извежда „/usr/bin“.
%s stdio.h извежда „.“.
Примери:
%s f - g Извежда съдържанието на f, после стандартния изход и g
%s Копира стандартния вход на стандартния изход.
Примери:
%s root /u прави собственика на /u да бъде „root“.
%s root:staff /u подобно, но променя и групата на „staff“.
%s -hR root /u прави собственика на /u и файловете в /u да е „root“.
Примери:
%s staff /u прави групата на /u да бъде „staff“.
%s -hR staff /u прави групата на /u и файловете в /u да бъде „staff“.
Освен -h и -L, всички файлови проверки се отнасят към сочените от символни
връзки файлове. Имайте предвид, че при повечето обвивки скобите трябва да
бъдат защитени (напр. с \).
ЦЯЛО може да бъде също и -l НИЗ и дава дължината на НИЗ.
Кодът на завършване е 0, ако ИЗРАЗ не е нито празен, нито 0; 1, ако ИЗРАЗ е
празен или 0; 2, ако ИЗРАЗ е синтактично неправилен и 3, ако е станала грешка.
Управлява терминалната линия, свързана на стандартния изход. Без аргументи
извежда скоростта в бодове (т.е. бит/сек), дисциплината на линията и
различията от stty sane. В настройките ЗНАК се задава буквално или кодиран
като ^c, 0x37, 0177 или 127; специалните стойности ^- и undef се използват,
за да се забранят съответните управляващи знаци.
Ако ФАЙЛ е -, заличава стандартния изход.
Изтрива ФАЙЛ(овете), ако е посочена опция --remove (-u). По подразбиране
файловете не се изтриват, защото е обичайно shred да се използва за устройства
като /dev/hda, а обикновено такива файлове не трябва да се изтриват. Когато се
действа върху обикновени файлове, повечето хора използват опцията --remove.
Ако не е посочен ФАЙЛ, се използва %s. Често ФАЙЛ е %s.
Ако са посочени АРГ1 АРГ2, се предполага -m, обичайни са „am i“ и „съм аз“.
Ако е посочен, ФАЙЛ определя какви цветове да се използват за различните
файлови типове и разширения. В противен случай се използва вградена база данни.
За подробности относно формата на ФАЙЛ, изпълнете „dircolors --print-database“.
Ако ФАЙЛ е -, копира отново към стандартния изход.
Ако не е посочена команда, изпълнява „${SHELL} -i“ (по подразбиране: /bin/sh).
Настройки на входа:
[-]brkint прекъсванията да довеждат до сигнал за прекъсване
[-]icrnl превежда кодовете за връщане на курсора в кодове за нов ред
[-]ignbrk пренебрегва знаците за прекъсване
[-]igncr пренебрегва знаците за връщане на курсора
Локални настройки:
[-]crterase ехо на кодовете за изтриване като backspace-интервал-backspace
* crtkill убива реда според на настройките echoprt и echoe
* -crtkill убива реда според на настройките echoctl и echok
ЗАБЕЛЕЖКА: Обвивката ви може да има своя собствена версия на %s.
Тя обикновено се предпочита пред версията, описана тук. Моля обърнете се
към документацията на използваната от вас обвивка за поддържаните от нея опции.
Минус преди НАСТРОЙКА показва отрицание. Знак * означава не POSIX настройка.
Кои настройки са допустими зависи от използваната система.
Настройки на извеждането:
* bsN стил за задържане на backspace, N е 0 или 1
* crN стил за задържане на връщане на курсора, N е от 0 до 3
* ffN стил за задържане на код за нова страница, N е 0 или 1
* nlN стил за задържане на код за нов ред, N е 0 или 1
Ако собственик не е посочен, той остава непроменен. Ако група не е
посочена, тя остава непроменена, освен ако има „:“, в който случай се използва
входящата група на новия собственик. СОБСТВЕНИК и ГРУПА могат да бъдат
както номера, така и имена.
ПОЗ е F[.C][ОПЦ], където F е номер на поле, а C - мястото на знака в
полето, броейки от 1. Ако нито -t, нито -b е активно, знаците се
броят от началото на предхождащото бяло поле. ОПЦ е една или повече
еднобуквени опции за наредба на буквите, които има приоритет при това
поле пред глобалните опции за наредба. Ако не е посочено поле, като
поле се ползва целият ред.
РАЗМ може да бъде следван от някой от следните множители:
Отпечатва стойността на ИЗРАЗ на стандартния изход. По-долу празни редове
отделят групите операции с нарастващ приоритет. ИЗРАЗ може да бъде:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1, ако той не е нито празен, нито 0, а иначе ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1, ако никой от аргументите не е празен или 0, иначе 0
Ако ФАЙЛ е -, се чете от стандартния вход. Всеки ОБРАЗЕЦ може да бъде:
МНОЖ се задават като низове от знаци. Повечето представят себе си.
Интерпретирани последователности са следните:
\NNN знакът с осмичен код NNN (1 до 3 осмични цифри)
\\ обратна наклонена черта
\a BEL (звуков сигнал)
\b backspace
\f form feed (край на страницата)
\n нов ред (new line)
\r връщане на курсора (return)
\t хоризонтална табулация
РАЗМ е число. Ако ТИП е doux, РАЗМ може да бъде и C за sizeof(char),
S за sizeof(short), I за sizeof(int) или L за sizeof(long). Ако ТИП е
f, РАЗМ може да бъде и F за sizeof(float), D за sizeof(double) или L
за sizeof(long double).
Изпращането на сигнал %s към към работещ процес „dd“ го кара да изведе
на стандартната грешка статистика за броя прочетени и записани до
момента блокове, след което копирането продължава.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 прочетени блока
18335302+0 записани блока
изкопирани са 9387674624 байта (9.4 GB) за 34,6279 секунди с 271 MB/s
Управляващи кодове:
* dsusp ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изпрати сигнал terminal stop, когато входът изпрати
eof ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изпрати сигнал край на файл (ще прекрати входа)
eol ЗНАК ЗНАК ще завърши реда
Суфиксът за резервни копия е „~“, освен при промяна с --suffix или с променлива
от обкръжението SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. Методът за управление на версиите може да
се посочва с --backup или с променливата VERSION_CONTROL. Ето стойностите:
Сумите се изчисляват така, както е посочено в %s. При проверка входът
трябва да бъде предишен изход от тази програма. По подразбиране се извежда ред
с контролна сума, знак посочващ типа (“*“ за двоичен, „ “ за текстов)
и името на всеки ФАЙЛ.
За да се изтрие файл, чието име започва с „-“ (напр. „-трънки“),
използвайте една от командите:
%s -- -трънки
%s ./-трънки
Спецификациите в традиционен формат може да се смесват и се натрупват:
-a е същото като -t a, извеждат се именувани знаци, пренебрегва старшия бит
-b е същото като -t o1, извеждат се осмични байтове
-c е същото като -t c, извеждат се ASCII знаци или префикси с \
-d е същото като -t u2, извеждат се беззнакови двубайтови десетични числа
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, се чете от стандартния вход. „-F /“ се подразбира.
Ако няма ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, се чете от стандартния вход.
Без опции извежда информацията в триколонен формат. Първият стълб съдържа
редовете, които са само във ФАЙЛ1. Вторият стълб съдържа редовете, които
са само във ФАЙЛ2. Третият стълб съдържа редовете, общи и за двата файла.
Без никаква ОПЦИЯ просто отпечатва полезна идентификационна информация.
Извежда еднозначно представяне (по подразбиране осмични байтове) на
ФАЙЛ на стандартния изход. Ако са посочени повече от един ФАЙЛ,
последователно обработва и извежда файловете в посочения ред. Без
ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е - се чете от стандартния вход.
--backup[=МЕТОД] копира резервно всеки съществуващ целеви файл
-b като --backup, но не позволява аргумент
-d, -F, --directory позволява на root да се опита да направи твърди
връзки към каталози (забележка: поради ограни-
чения в системата това вероятно ще пропадне)
-f, --force изтрива съществуващи целеви файлове
--help извежда тази справка и завършва
--lookup опитва да канонизира мрежовите имена на компютрите чрез DNS
-m само мрежовото име и потребителя, свързан на станд. вход
-p, --process извежда активните процеси, породени от init
--no-preserve-root да не се обработва „/“ по-особено
--preserve-root да не се действа рекурсивно от „/“ (по подразбиране)
-r, -R, --recursive изтрива рекурсивно каталозите и съдържанието им
-v, --verbose съобщава какво се прави
--no-preserve-root да не се обработва „/“ по-особено (по подразбиране)
--preserve-root да не се действа рекурсивно от „/“
--no-preserve-root да не се обработва „/“ по-особено (по подразбиране)
--preserve-root да не се действа рекурсивно от „/“
--no-preserve=СПИС_АТРИБ да не се запазват посочените атрибути
--parents допълва КАТАЛОГ с пътеката в ИЗТОЧНИК
--one-file-system при рекурсивно остраняване на файлове, пропуска
каталози, които са на файлова система, различна от
тази на съответния аргумент на командния ред
--strip-trailing-slashes отстранява крайните наклонени черти от всеки
аргумент ЦЕЛ
-S, --suffix=СУФИКС вместо обичайния суфикс за резервни копия
--version извежда информация за версията и завършва
-evenp същото като -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase същото като xcase iuclc olcuc
litout същото като -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout същото като parenb istrip opost cs7
nl същото като -icrnl -onlcr
-nl същото като icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb използва два стоп-бита на знак (един с „-“)
[-]hup изпраща сигнал за увисване, ako всички процеси затворят tty
[-]hupcl същото като [-]hup
[-]parenb генерира на изхода и очаква на входа бит за четност
[-]parodd посочва текова четност (четна с „-“)
[-]ignpar пренебрегва знаците с грешка на четността
* [-]imaxbel звуков сигнал и запазване на препълнен буфер при нов знак
[-]inlcr превежда кодовете за нов ред в кодове за връщане на курсора
[-]inpck позволява проверка за четността на входа
[-]istrip изчиства старшия (8-мия) бит на входните знаци
[-]isig позволява управляващите кодове за interrupt, quit и suspend
[-]noflsh забранява моменталното извеждане след кодове interrupt и quit
* [-]prterase същото като [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop спира фоновите задачи, които се опитват да пишат на терминала
* [-]xcase с icanon извежда главните букви като предшествани от „\“ малки
cooked същото като brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig icanon
управляващите символи eof и eol имат стандартното си значение
-cooked същото като raw
crt същото като echoe echoctl echoke
dec същото като echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq същото като [-]ixany
ek управляващите символи erase и kill със стандартната си стойност
evenp същото като parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N посочва скорост на входа N бода
* line N ползва редова дисциплина N
min N с -icanon посочва поне N знака за завършено четене
ospeed N посочва скорост на изхода N бода
oddp същото като parenb parodd cs7
-oddp същото като -parenb cs8
[-]parity същото като [-]evenp
pass8 същото като -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 същото като parenb istrip cs7
raw същото като -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw същото като
stop ЗНАК ЗНАК ще спре извеждането
susp ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изпрати сигнал „спиране на терминала“
* swtch ЗНАК ЗНАК ще превключи на друг слой на обвивката (shell layer)
* werase ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изтрие последната въведена дума
%A деня от седмицата според локала, променлива дължина (напр. понеделник)
%b съкратено име на месеца според локала (яну, фев, мар)
%B име на месеца според локала, променлива дължина (напр. януари)
%c датата и часът според локала (например сб ное 4 12:02:33 EЕТ 1989)
%F пълната дата; същото като %Y-%m-%d
%g последните две цифри на годината, съдържаща седмицата с номер %V
%G годината, съдържаща седмицата с номер %V
%S секундите (00-60); 60 вместо 59, за да се обхване и коригираща секунда
%t хоризонтална табулация
%T 24 часово време, същото като %H:%M:%S
%u денят от седмицата (1-7); 1 означава понеделник
%U номерът на седмицата в годината, неделя е пръв седмичен ден (00-53)
%V номерът на седмицата в годината, понеделник е пръв седмичен ден (01-53)
%w деня от седмицата (0-6); 0 означава неделя
%W номерът на седмицата в годината, понеделник е пръв седмичен ден (00-53)
%d Десетичен номер на устройство
%D Шестнадесетичен номер на устройство
%f Шестнадесетичен суров режим (raw mode)
%F Тип на файла
%g Номер на групата на собственика
%G Име на групата на собственика
%h Брой твърди връзки
%i Номер на i-възел
%n Име на файла
%N Име на файла в кавички и сочен файл, ако е символна връзка
%o размер на входно-изходния блок
%s Общ размер в байтове
%t Голям шестнадесетичен номер на устройство
%T Малък шестнадесетичен номер на устройство
%h също като %b
%H часът (00-23)
%I часът (01-12)
%j поредният ден в годината (001-366)
%i Шестнадесетичен индекс на файловата система
%l Максимална дължина на файловите имена
%n Име на файла
%s Оптимален размер на блока за бърз трансфер
%S Основен размер на блока (при броене на блоковете)
%t Типът като шестнадесетично число
%T Типът във вид за четене от човек
%k часът ( 0-23)
%l часът ( 1-12)
%m месецът (01-12)
%M минутата (00-59)
%n нов ред
%N наносекунди (000000000-999999999)
%p указателят AM или PM с главни букви (празен в българския локал)
%P като %p, но с малки букви
%r 12 часово време според локала (напр. 11,11,04)
%R 24 часово време, същото като %H:%M
%s секундите изминали от 1 януари 1970, 00:00:00 по гринуич
%u Потребителски номер на собственика
%U Потребителско име на собственика
%x Време на последен достъп
%X Време на последен достъп в секунди от Епохата
%y Време на последно изменение (modification)
%Y Време на последно изменение в секунди от Епохата
%z Време на последна промяна (change)
%Z Време на последна промяна в секунди от Епохата
%x датата, представена според локала (напр. 31.12.99)
%X времето, представено според локала (напр. 23,13,48)
%y последните две цифри от годината (00-99)
%Y годината
+ ЛЕКСЕМА разглежда ЛЕКСЕМА като низ дори и ако е
ключова дума като „match“ или оператор като „/“
( ИЗРАЗ ) стойността на ИЗРАЗ
-A, --address-radix=БАЗА как да се извежда отместването
-j, --skip-bytes=БАЙТОВЕ пропуска БАЙТОВЕ входни байта в началото
-A, --auto-reference извежда автоматично генерираните препратки
-G, --traditional работи подобно на командата „ptx“ от System V
-F, --flag-truncation=НИЗ обозначава с НИЗ при съкращаване на редовете
-D създава всички начални компоненти на ЦЕЛ освен последния,
а след това копира ИЗТОЧНИК в ЦЕЛ
-g, --group=ГРУПА посочва група вместо текущата група на процеса
-m, --mode=РЕЖИМ посочва режим за достъп (като при chmod), вместо rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=СОБСТВ посочва собственик (само от привилегирован потребител)
-D, --date-format=ФОРМАТ
да се ползва ФОРМАТ при датата на колонтитула
-e[ЗНАК[ШИР]], --expand-tabs[=ЗНАК[ШИР]]
разширява всеки входен ЗНАК като табулация със ШИРина (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
разделя страниците с form feed вместо с нови редове
(при -F има 3-редов горен колонтитул, а без -F има 5-редови
горен и долен колонтитули)
-I пита веднъж преди изтриването на повече от три файла
или при рекурсивно триене. По-малко досадно от -i,
но все пак защитава срещу повечето грешки
--interactive[=КОГА] пита според КОГА: never, once (-I) или always (-i).
Без КОГА пита винаги
-L ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е символна връзка (същото като -h)
-O ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и се притежава от действащият потребител
-p ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е именуван канал
-r ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е достъпен за четене
-s ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и има ненулев размер
-L, --dereference работи върху файловете, сочени от символни връзки
-P, --no-dereference да не се следват символни връзки (по подразбиране)
-0, --null завършва всеки изведен ред с байт 0 вместо с нов ред
-S, --separate-dirs да не се включва размерът на подкаталозите
-s, --summarize резюмира -- извежда само общата сума за всеки аргумент
-M, --macro-name=НИЗ използва НИЗ вместо „xx“ за макроси
-O, --format=roff извежда изход с команди за roff
-R, --right-side-refs поставя препратките отдясно, не се броят при -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=РЕГИЗР за край на редовете или край на изреченията
-T, --format=tex извежда изход с команди за TeX
-N, --read-bytes=БАЙТОВЕ обработва до БАЙТОВЕ входни байта
-S, --strings[=ДЪЛЖИНА] извежда низове от поне по ДЪЛЖИНА графични знаци
-t, --format=ТИП посочва формат или формати за извеждане
-v, --output-duplicates да не се ползва * за отбелязване на еднакви редове
-w, --width[=БАЙТОВЕ] извежда по БАЙТОВЕ входни байта на един ред
--traditional да се приемат аргументи в традиционния формат
-P, --portability да се използва изходен формат POSIX
--sync изпълнява sync преди получаване на информация
-t, --type=ТИП извежда информация само за файлови системи от тип ТИП
-T, --print-type извежда типа на файловата система
-x, --exclude-type=ТИП не извежда информация за файлови системи от тип ТИП
-v (пренебрегва се)
-S сортира според размера на файловете
--sort=ДУМА сортира според ДУМА: none -U, extension -X,
size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=ДУМА с -l показва времето ДУМА вместо времето на промя-
на. ДУМА може да бъде atime, access, use, ctime,
или status; по това време се и сортира
-S ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е гнездо
-t [FD] файловият дескриптор FD е отворен на терминал
-u ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е със set-user-ID
-w ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е достъпен за запис
-x ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е изпълним файл (при каталог: може да се търси)
-S, --suffix=СУФИКС вместо обичайният суфикс за резервни копия
-t, --target-directory=КАТАЛОГ посочва каталога, в който да се правят
връзките
-T, --no-target-directory работи с ИМЕ_НА_ВРЪЗКА като с обикновен файл
-v, --verbose извежда името на всеки файл преди свързване
-T, -w, --mesg добавя състоянието на mesg на потребителите (+, - или ?)
-u, --users изрежда потребителите, влезли в системата
--message същото като -T
--writable същото като -T
-W, --word-regexp=РЕГИЗР ползва РЕГИЗР като определящ какво е дума
-b, --break-file=ФАЙЛ думите свършват при знак от този ФАЙЛ
-f, --ignore-case сортира еднакво главните и малките букви
-g, --gap-size=БРОЙ място между полетата в изхода
-i, --ignore-file=ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ с думи, които да се пренебрегват
-o, --only-file=ФАЙЛ признават се само думи от този ФАЙЛ
-a, --across печата стълбовете напреки вместо надолу, използва се
заедно с -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
използва запис със шапки (^G) и осмични числа
-d, --double-space
двойни интервали в изхода
-a, --all преобразува всяко бяло поле, а не само в началото на редовете
--first-only преобразува само бяло поле в началото на редовете (отменя -a)
-t, --tabs=N използва табулации през N знака вместо през 8 (позволява -a)
-t, --tabs=СПИС СПИСък от разделени с „,“ позиции за табулации (позволява -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N ползва суфикси с дължина N (по подразбиране %d)
-b, --bytes=РАЗМ дели на парчета с размер РАЗМ байта
-C, --line-bytes=РАЗМ разделя по редове до РАЗМ байта на изходен файл
-d, --numeric-suffixes ползва числови суфикси вместо буквени
-l, --lines=ЧИСЛО дели на по ЧИСЛО редове на изходен файл
-b, --before прикрепя разделителя преди, а не след
-r, --regex интерпретира разделителя като регулярен израз
-s, --separator=НИЗ вместо кода за нов ред, използва като разделител НИЗ
-b, --binary чете в двоичен режим
-b, --binary чете в двоичен режим (по подразбиране, при четене от терминал)
-b, --body-numbering=СТИЛ ползва СТИЛ при номериране редовете от тялото
-d, --section-delimiter=CC CC да е разделител между логическите страници
-f, --footer-numbering=СТИЛ ползва СТИЛ при номериране долния колонтитул
-b, --bytes брои байтовете, вместо стълбовете
-s, --spaces прекъсва при интервали
-w, --width=ШИРИНА да се ползват ШИРИНА стълбове, вместо 80
-b, --bytes=СПИСЪК извежда само тези байтове
-c, --characters=СПИСЪК извежда само тези знаци
-d, --delimiter=РАЗДЕЛ РАЗДЕЛ вместо табулация като разделител между полетата
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks не отчита интервалите в началото
-d, --dictionary-order отчита само интервалите и буквено-цифровите знаци
-f, --ignore-case приравнява малките с главните букви
-c, --check прочита %s суми от ФАЙЛовете и ги проверява
-c, --count редовете да се предхождат от брой срещания
-d, --repeated извежда само повтарящите се редове
-c, --crown-margin запазва отстъпа на първите два реда
-p, --prefix=НИЗ преформатира само редовете, започващи с НИЗ. Маха
НИЗ, форматира, след което добавя пак НИЗ
-s, --split-only цепи дългите редове, но не попълва късите
-d, --delimiters=СПИС разделя със знаците от СПИС вместо с табулации
-s, --serial изкарва файловете един след друг вместо паралелно
-e позволява обработката знаци, защитени с \
-E забранява специалната обработка на \ (по подразбиране)
-e позволява обработката знаци, защитени с \ (по подразбиране)
-E забранява специалната обработка на \
-f да не сортира; позволява -aU, забранява -ls --color
-F, --classify добавя знак за типа на файловете (някой от */=>@|)
--file-type подобно, но не се добавя „*“
--format=ДУМА across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time като -l --time-style=full-iso
-f изпуска реда-антетка при късия формат
-w изпуска пълните имена при късия формат
-i изпуска пълните имена и отдалечените хостове при късия формат
-q изпуска пълните имена, отдалечените хостове и
време на неактивност при късия формат
-f е същото като -t fF, извеждат се числа с плаваща запетая
-i е същото като -t dI, извеждат се десетични цели числа
-l е същото като -t dL, извеждат се десетични дълги числа
-o е същото като -t o2, извеждат се двубайтови осмични числа
-s е същото като -t d2, извеждат се двубайтови десетични числа
-x е същото като -t x2, извеждат се двубайтови шестнадесетични числа
-f ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е обикновен файл
-g ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е със set-group-ID
-h ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е символна връзка (същото като -L)
-G ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и се притежава от действащата (effective) група
-k ФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ съществува и е със sticky bit
-f, --fields=СПИС извежда само тези полета; отпечатва и всеки ред,
който не съдържа разделители между полетата, освен
ако е посочена и опцията -s.
-n (пренебрегва се)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
извежда добавяните данни при нарастване на файла;
-f, --follow и --follow=descriptor са еквивалентни
-F същото като --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet потиска повечето съобщения за грешки
-v, --verbose извежда диагностично съобщение за всеки обработен файл
--reference=ЕТФАЙЛ ползва режимa за достъп до ЕТФАЙЛ вместо РЕЖИМ
-R, --recursive действа рекурсивно върху файловете и каталозите
-f, --silent, --quiet потиска повечето съобщения за грешки
--reference=ЕТФАЙЛ ползва групата на ЕТФАЙЛ вместо посочена ГРУПА
-R, --recursive действа рекурсивно върху файловете и каталозите
-v, --verbose извежда диагностично съобщение за всеки обработен файл
-f, --silent, --quiet потиска повечето съобщения за грешка
--reference=ЕТФАЙЛ да се ползват собственикът и групата на ЕТФАЙЛ вместо
посочени стойности СОБСТВЕНИК:ГРУПА
-R, --recursive действа върху файловете и каталозите рекурсивно
-v, --verbose извежда диагностично съобщение за всеки обработен файл
-g като -l, но не извежда собственика
-h, --no-dereference действа върху символните връзки, вместо върху сочените
файлове (само при системи, позволяващи промяна на
собствеността на символна връзка)
-i, --ignore-case не различава големи/малки букви при сравняване на полетата
-j ПОЛЕ също като „-1 ПОЛЕ -2 ПОЛЕ“
-o ФОРМАТ следва ФОРМАТ при съставяне на изходните редове
-t ЗНАК ползва ЗНАК като разделител на входните и изходни полета
-i, --initial не преобразува табулациите след не-интервал
-t, --tabs=БРОЙ работи с табулации през БРОЙ интервала вместо през 8
-i, --inodes извежда информация за използваните i-възли, а не блокове
-k като --block-size=1K
-l, --local извежда информация само за локалните файлови системи
--no-sync без sync преди получаване на използването (по подразб.)
-l да се ползва формат с подробно изброяване
-L, --dereference при показване на информация за символна връзка
да показва информация за сочения файл вместо за
самата символна връзка
-m попълва в широчина с разделени със запетая елементи
-l, --login извежда процесите за влизане в системата
-n, --digits=ЦИФРИ да се използва посоченият брой цифри вместо 2
-s, --quiet, --silent да не се извеждат размерите на генерираните файлове
-z, --elide-empty-files да се изтриват генерираните празни файлове
-n, --numeric-uid-gid като -l, но извежда номера за потребител и група
-N, --literal извежда „сурови“ имена (напр. управляващите кодове
не се обработват по по-различен начин)
-o като -l, но не извежда информация за групата
-p, --file-type добавя знак за типа (някой от /=@|) към елементите
-p, --indicator-style=slash
добавя знак / към каталозите
-q, --count извежда всички входни имена и броя на влезлите потребители
-r, --runlevel извежда текущото ниво на стартиране
-s, --short извежда само името, линията и времето (по подразбиране)
-t, --time извежда последната промяна на системния часовник
-q, --hide-control-chars извежда ? вместо неграфични знаци
--show-control-chars извежда неграфичните знаци както са си (стандартно,
освен ако програмата е „ls“ и изходът е терминал)
-Q, --quote-name огражда имената на елементите с кавички
--quoting-style=ДУМА стил ДУМА за извеждане на неграфични знаци:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent да не се извеждат заглавия с файловите имена
-v, --verbose винаги да извежда заглавия с файловите имена
-r, --reference=ФАЙЛ използва времената на този ФАЙЛ вместо текущото време
-t ЩАМПА ползва [[ГГ]ГГ]ММДДччММ[.сс] вместо текущото време
--time=ДУМА променя означеното с ДУМА време:
access, atime и use: същото като -а
modify и mtime: същото като -m
-r, --references първото поле на всеки ред е препратка
-t, --typeset-mode - не е реализирана -
-w, --width=БРОЙ ширина на изхода, препратките не се броят
-s, --only-delimited да не се отпечатват редове, несъдържащи разделители
--output-delimiter=НИЗ да се ползва НИЗ като разделител на изхода
по подразбиране се използва входният разделител
-s, --signal=СИГНАЛ, -СИГНАЛ
посочва името или номера на сигнала, който да бъде изпратен
-l, --list извежда имената на сигналите или ги преобразува в/от номера
-t, --table извежда таблица с информация за сигналите
-s, --symbolic-link правене на символни връзки, а не копиране
-S, --suffix=СУФИКС вместо обичайния префикс за резервни копия
--target-directory=КАТАЛОГ копира всички аргументи ИЗТОЧНИК в КАТАЛОГ
-T, --no-target-directory работи с ЦЕЛ като с нормален файл
-t еквивалентно на -vT
-T, --show-tabs изобразява табулациите като ^I
-u (пренебрегва се)
-v, --show-nonprinting ползва запис с ^ и M-, освен за нов ред и табулация
-t, --field-separator=РАЗД ползва РАЗД вместо преход от видим знак към интерв.
-T, --temporary-directory=КАТ каталог за временни файлове вместо $TMPDIR или
%s; няколко такива опции за няколко каталога
-u, --unique с „-c“ проверява за строга наредба; иначе
извежда само първия от група еквивалентни редове
-t, --tabs=СПИС да се ползва списък от явно зададени табулационни позиции
-t, --tagged-paragraph отстъпа на първия ред да се отличава от втория
-u, --uniform-spacing един интервал между думите, два между изречения
-w, --width=ШИРИНА максимална ширина на реда (по подразбиране 75 знака)
--target-directory=КАТАЛОГ премества всички аргументи ИЗТОЧНИК в КАТАЛОГ
-T, --no-target-directory работи с DEST като с обикновен файл
-u, --update премества само ако ИЗТОЧНИК е по-нов от целевия
файл, или ако целевият файл липсва
-v, --verbose съобщава какво се прави
-t, --text чете в текстов режим (по подразбиране, ako
стандартният вход е от терминал)
-t, --text чете в текстов режим (по подразбиране)
-u, --remove съкращава до нулева дължина и изтрива файла след заличаването
-v, --verbose показва информация за напредъка
-x, --exact не закръглява размерите на файловете до следващия пълен блок;
за специални файлове и каталози това е по подразбиране
-z, --zero накрая заличава с нули, за да се скрие използването на shred
-u, --update копира само, ако ИЗТОЧНИК е по-нов от целевия
файл или ако целевият файл липсва
-v, --verbose съобщава какво се прави
-x, --one-file-system остава в текущата файлова система
-v, --kernel-version извежда версията на ядрото
-m, --machine извежда хардуерното име на машината
-p, --processor извежда типа на микропроцесора или „unknown“
-i, --hardware-platform извежда хардуерната платформа или „unknown“
-o, --operating-system извежда операционната система
-w, --check-chars=N сравнява по не повече от N знака в редовете
-z, --zero-terminated завършва редовете с байт 0 вместо с нов ред
[:graph:] всички видими знаци с изключение на интервали, табулации и др.
[:lower:] всички малки букви
[:print:] всички видими знаци, включително интервали, табулации
[:punct:] всички препинателни знаци
[:space:] хоризонтално или вертикално бяло поле
[:upper:] всички главни букви
[:xdigit:] всички шестнадесетични цифри
[=ЗНАК=] всички знаци, еквивалентни на ЗНАК
\v вертикална табулация
ЗНАК1-ЗНАК2 всички знаци от ЗНАК1 до ЗНАК2
[ЗНАК*] (само при МНОЖ2) копия на ЗНАК до достигане дължината на МНОЖ1
[ЗНАК*ПОВТ] ПОВТ броя на ЗНАК; ПОВТ е осмично число, ако започва с 0
[:alnum:] всички букви и цифри
[:alpha:] всички букви
[:blank:] всички празни знаци (интервал, табулации)
[:cntrl:] всички управляващи символи
[:digit:] всички цифри
ascii от EBCDIC към ASCII
ebcdic от ASCII към EBCDIC
ibm от ASCII към алтернативен EBCDIC
block попълва блоковете, завършващи с нов ред, с интервали до размер cbs
unblock заменя крайните интервали във всеки блок с размер cbs с нови редове
lcase променя от главни в малки букви
binary да се използват двоични входно/изходни операции за данните
d[РАЗМ] знаково десетично число от РАЗМ байта
f[РАЗМ] число с плаваща запетая от РАЗМ байта
o[РАЗМ] знаково осмично число от РАЗМ байта
u[РАЗМ] беззнаково десетично число от РАЗМ байта
x[РАЗМ] шестнадесетично число от РАЗМ байта
direct да се използват директни входно/изходни операции за данните
dsync да се използват синхронизирани входно/изходни операции за данните
noatime да не се обновява времето за достъп
noctty да не се определя управляващ терминал от файл
nofollow да не се следват символните връзки
nolinks отказва да работи при множество твърди връзки
nonblock да се използват неблокиращи входно/изходни операции
none, off никога да не се правят резервни копия (освен при --backup)
numbered, t да се правят номерирани резервни копия
existing, nil номерирани, ако вече са правени номерирани, а прости иначе
simple, never винаги да се правят прости резервни копия
sync подобно, но също и за метаданните (напр. на файловата система)
text да се използват текстови входно/изходни операции за данните
%3s-блокове Заети Свободни Изп%% %s-блокове Заети Свободни Обем (резервно копие: %s) * [-]ctlecho ехо на управляващите кодове с шапки (“^c“)
[-]echo ехо на входните знаци
* [-]echoctl същото като [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe същото като [-]crterase
[-]echok ехо на нов ред след код за убиване
* [-]echoke същото като [-]crtkill
[-]echonl ехо на нов ред дори ако не е имало ехо на други символи
* [-]echoprt ехо на изтритите знаци назад, между „\“ и „/“
[-]icanon позволява управляващите кодове за erase, kill, werase и rprnt
[-]iexten позволява управляващите кодове, които не отговарят на POSIX
* [-]iuclc превежда знаците от горен регистър в долен регистър
* [-]ixany всеки знак да рестартира извеждането (не само знака за старт)
[-]ixoff позволява изпращането на знаци за старт/стоп
[-]ixon позволява управление на потока XON/XOFF (т.е. Ctrl-S/Ctrl-Q)
[-]parmrk маркира грешките по четност (с последователност 255-0)
[-]tandem същото като [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 да се предполага, че входните знаци са кодирани в UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl превежда кодовете за връщане на курсора в кодове за нов ред
* [-]ofdel използва кодове delete за попълване вместо null
* [-]ofill използва попълващи кодове вместо синхронизиране при забавяне
* [-]olcuc превежда знаците от долен регистър в знаци от горен регистър
* [-]onlcr превежда кодовете нов ред в кодове връщане на курсора и нов ред
* [-]onlret кодът за нов ред осъществява връщане на курсора
* [-]onocr не извежда знаци за връщане на курсора в първия стълб
[-]opost дообработка (postprocess) на изхода
* tabN стил за задържане на кодове за хориз. табулация, N е от 0 до 3
* tabs същото като tab0
* -tabs същото като tab3
* vtN стил за задържане на кодове за вертик. табулация, N е 0 или 1
* eol2 ЗНАК алтернативен ЗНАК за край на реда
erase ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изтрие последния въведен знак
intr ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изпрати сигнал за прекъсване
kill ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изтрие текущия ред
* lnext ЗНАК ЗНАК ще въведе следващия знак буквално, дори ако е управляващ
quit ЗНАК ЗНАК ще изпрати сигнал „изход“
* rprnt ЗНАК ЗНАК ще пречертае текущия ред
start ЗНАК ЗНАК ще възобнови извеждането, след като е било прекъснато
* rows N казва на ядрото, че терминалът има N реда
* size извежда броя редове и стълбове според ядрото
speed извежда скоростта на терминала
time N с -icanon посочва прекъсване при четене до N десети от секундата
Монтирана на
TTY групи= стар при повтаряне %s
% 1% от паметта, b 1, K 1024 (по подразб.) и т.н. за M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, чете от стандартния вход.
*** ВНИМАНИЕ ***
Локалът, посочен в обкръжението, влияе на наредбата.
Използвайте LC_ALL=C, за да получите традиционната наредба,
която сравнява според кодовете на знаците.
%.*s: неправилна спецификация на преобразувание %e %b %Y %e %b %k,%M %lu потребител %lu потребителя %s %s (за рег. израз %s) %s -> %s (от резервно копие)
%s и %s са един и същ файл %s съществува, но не е каталог %s се е появил; следва се краят на новия файл %s е станал достъпен %s е станал недостъпен %s е бил заменен с файл, който е недостъпен за tail; tail повече няма да го следи %s е бил заменен; следва се краят на новия файл %s има непознат файлов тип %s не е правилно положително цяло число %s е твърде дълго %s: %s е толкова голям, че не е изводим %s: %s: номерът на ред е извън диапазона %s: %s: не е открито съответствие %s: %s:%s: разбърканост: %s: НЕ УСПЯ системна функция open или read
%s: Няма такъв потребител %s: при означаване брой повторения е необходим „}“ %s: очаква се двуместна операция %s: относителни символни връзки може да се правят само в текущия каталог %s: не може да се смени режимът non-blocking %s: не може да се намери името на потребител с номер %lu
%s: не може да се следва края на този тип файлове; tail няма да следи този файл %s: не може да се отиде на първоначалното място във файла %s: каталогът не може да се замести %s: битовете не могат да се обръщат %s: неуспешно позициониране %s: не може да се отиде на отместване %s относно края на файла %s: не може да се отиде на отместване %s във файла %s: не може да се отиде на относително отместване %s във файла %s: не може да се заличава файл с режим на достъп само за добавяне %s: липсва затварящ ограничител „%c“ %s: не може да се презададе режимът non-blocking %s: да се навлезе ли в каталога %s? %s: да се навлезе ли в защитения срещу запис каталог %s? %s: край на файла %s: класът на еквивалентност трябва да се означи само един знак %s: грешка при съкращаване %s: грешка при запис на отместване %s %s: очаква се числова стойност %s: не може да се затвори %s: не може да се отвори в режим за писане %s: не може да се отстрани %s: неуспешно извикване на fcntl %s: неуспешно извикване на fdatasync %s: файлът има отрицателен размер %s: файлът се е свил твърде много %s: файлът е твърде дълъг %s: файлът е твърде дълъг %s: файлът е съкратен %s: неуспешно извикване на fstat %s: неуспешно извикване на fsync %s: не се позволява твърда връзка към каталог %s: входният файл съдържа цикъл: %s: входните данни съдържат нечетен брой лексеми %s: входният файл е изходен файл %s: след разделител се очаква цяло число %s: неправилен номер на процес %s: неправилен брой в началото на %s %s: неправилна команда %s: неправилна спецификация на поле %s %s: неправилен размер на файла %s: недопустим тип на файла %s: неправилен максимален брой достъпи без промяна между отварянията %s: недопустимо число %s: неправилен брой байтове %s: неправилен брой редове %s: неправилен брой итерации %s: неправилен брой секунди %s: неправилен образец %s: неправилен номер на процес %s: неправилен регулярен израз: %s %s: неправилен сигнал %s: неправилна дължина на суфикс %s: номерът на ред трябва да бъде положителен %s: номерът на ред е извън диапазона %s: неуспешно извикване на lseek %s: посочени са много сигнали %s: новият режим за достъп е %s, а не %s %s: не са открити правилно форматирани %s редове с контролни суми %s: няма информация за размера на това устройство %s: вече изведеният каталог не се извежда %s: твърде голям брой байтове %s: да се замести ли %s? %s: итерация %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: итерация %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: итерация %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: грешка при четене %s: да се изтрие ли %s %s? %s: да се изтрият ли рекурсивно всички аргументи? %s: да се изтрият ли всички аргументи %s: да се изтрие ли %s със защита срещу запис %s? %s: изтрит %s: изтриване %s: преименуван на %s %s: да се замени ли %s? %s: неуспешно позициониране (seek) във файл %s: твърде много редове с контролни суми %s: не може да се определи максималната дължина за име на файл %s: не може да се осъществят всички поискани операции %s: очаква се унарна операция %s: стойността не е напълно преобразувана %s: грешка при запис %s:%lu: неправилен ред; липсва втора лексема %s:%lu: непозната ключова дума %s %s}: между „{“ и „}“ е необходимо цяло число “ очаква се „)“ очаква се „)“, а е намерен %s © - log-структурираните или журнализирани файлови системи като JFS, ReiserFS, XFS,
Ext3 (включително файловите системи, разпространявани с AIX и Solaris)
- файловите системи, които записват излишни данни и ги пазят, дори когато някой
записва върху файла, например файловите системи, използващи RAID
- файловите системи, които правят копия, като напр. NFS-сървърът на
Network Appliance
, средно натоварване: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference изисква -H или -L -R -h изисква -P -ef не приема -l -nt не допуска -l -ot не приема -l <интервал> ???
Този тип адреси не се поддържа за името на хоста Всички аргументи, задължителни за дългите опции, са задължителни и за късите.
Изпълнени са всички заявки Неправилна стойност за ai_flags ВНИМАНИЕ: Забележете, че shred разчита на следното съществено предположение:
файловата система заличава данните на мястото им. Традиционно се прави точно
това, но замисълът на много от модерните файлови системи е такъв, че те не
отговарят на това предположение. Следват примери на файлови системи, при които
shred не е ефективна команда или поне не се гарантира да бъде ефективна при
всички режими на работа на файловата система:
КОМЕНТАР Извиква функцията за правене на твърда връзка ФАЙЛ2 към съществуващ ФАЙЛ2.
Отстранява посочения ФАЙЛ посредством системната функция „unlink“.
Прави действащите (effective) номера на потребител и група да са тези на ПОТР.
-, -l, --login прави обвивката да бъде входяща обвивка
-c, --command=КОМАНДА подава с -c на обвивката несъставна КОМАНДА
-f, --fast подава -f на обвивката (за csh и tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment не преустановява променливите от обкръжението
-p същото като -m
-s, --shell=ОБВИВКА стартира ОБВИВКА, ако /etc/shells позволява това
Прави ГРУПА да бъде групата на всеки ФАЙЛ.
При --reference прави групата на всеки ФАЙЛ да бъде същата като тази на ЕТФАЙЛ.
-c, --changes подобно на verbose, но съобщава само при промени
--dereference действа върху файловете, сочени от символни връзки
(по подразбиране), вместо върху самите символни връзки
Режимът за достъп до всеки ФАЙЛ става РЕЖИМ.
-c, --changes като verbose, но съобщава само за направени промени
Собственик и/или група на всеки ФАЙЛ стават СОБСТВЕНИК и/или ГРУПА.
При --reference прави собственика и групата на ФАЙЛ да са същите като на ЕТФАЙЛ.
-c, --changes като verbose, но съобщава само за направени промени
--dereference действа върху файла, сочен от символните връзки
(по подразбиране), вместо върху самата символна връзка
Сравнява сортираните файлове ФАЙЛ1 и ФАЙЛ2 ред по ред.
Преобразува интервалите във всеки от ФАЙЛовете в табулации, извежда на
стандартния изход. Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е - чете от стандартния вход.
Замества табулациите във всеки ФАЙЛ с интервали и извежда на стандартния изход.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е - чете от стандартния вход.
Копира ИЗТОЧНИК в ЦЕЛ или много ИЗТОЧНИЦ(и) в КАТАЛОГ.
Копира стандартния изход във всеки от ФАЙЛовете, а също и на стандартния изход.
-a, --append добавя към посочените ФАЙЛове, а не ги замества
-i, --ignore-interrupts пренебрегва сигналите за прекъсване
Създава именувани канали (FIFO) с посочените ИМЕна.
Създава КАТАЛОГ(зи), ако вече не са създадени.
Създава специален файл ИМЕ от зададен ТИП.
Каталог: Извежда състоянието на файл или файлова система.
-L, --dereference следва символните връзки
-f, --file-system извежда състоянието на файловата система, вместо на файла
Извежда текущото време в посочения ФОРМАТ или установява датата на системата.
-d, --date=НИЗ извежда времето, посочено от НИЗ, вместо „now“
-f, --file=ФАЙЛДАТИ като --date по веднъж за всеки ред от ФАЙЛДАТИ
ИЗХОД Извежда НИЗовете на стандартния изход.
-n не извежда знаци за нов ред след всеки от НИЗовете
Завършва с код-състояние, посочващ неуспех. Завършва с код-състояние, посочващ успех. Завършва с код-състояние, определен от ИЗРАЗ.
Ф. Пинард НЕУСПЕШНО Именуваните канали нямат малък и голям номер на устройство. Файлова с-ма Файлова с-ма Тип Извежда ред за всяка двойка входни редове с идентични свързващи полета.
По подразбиране свързващо поле е първото, ограничава се интервали и табулации.
Когато ФАЙЛ1 или ФАЙЛ2 (не едновременно) е -, се чете от стандартния вход.
-a ФАЙЛНОМ извежда несъответстващите редове от файла ФАЙЛНОМ, където
ФАЙЛНОМ е 1 или 2 съответно за ФАЙЛ1 и ФАЙЛ2
-e ПРАЗНО заменя липсващите входни полета с ПРАЗНО
Записва на диска изменените блокове, актуализира суперблока.
БЕЗДЕЕН Неактивен В реалния живот: Безброй Прекъснат със сигнал Неправилно обратно позоваване Неправилно име на клас символи Неправилен знак за съпоставяне Неправилно съдържание на \{\} Неправилен предхождащ регулярен израз Неправилен край на диапазон Неправилен регулярен израз ЛИНИЯ Извежда информация за ФАЙЛовете (по подразбиране за текущия каталог).
Сортира елементите азбучно, освен ако има опция -cftuSUX или --sort.
Вход Входящо име: Аргументите, задължителни за дългите опции, са задължителни и за късите.
Неуспешно заделяне на памет Паметта е изчерпана ИМЕ Име Името или услугата са непознати Няма IP-адрес с посоченото име на хост Няма съответствие Няма предходен регулярен израз Окончателен неуспех при намиране IP-адреса на хост ОК Само един низ може да бъде даден, когато се изтрива без отстраняване на повторенията Опции, определящи наредбата:
Извежда подреден азбучен показалец на думите и контекста им във входните файлове
Извежда команди за присвояване стойност на променливата LS_COLORS.
Опции, определящи формата на изхода:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell извежда код за обвивка на Бурн
-c, --csh, --c-shell извежда код за Си-обвивка
-p, --print-database извежда стойностите по подразбиране
Разделя ВХОД на парчета ПРЕФИКСaa, ПРЕФИКСab,... с фиксиран размер. По
подразбиране ПРЕФИКС е „xx“, а размерът - 1000 реда. Без ВХОД или ако ВХОД e -,
чете от стандартния вход.
Отделя частите на ФАЙЛ, разделени от ОБРАЗЕЦ(и) и ги записва във файлове
“xx01“, „xx02“,... Дължината им в байтове се извежда на стандартния изход.
Извежда кой в момента е влязъл в системата според ФАЙЛ.
Ако не е посочен ФАЙЛ, използва %s. Често ФАЙЛ е %s.
Заличава многократно посочените ФАЙЛ(ове) с цел да се затрудни значително
възстановяването на данните от тях дори и с използване на специална апаратура.
PID Форматира за печат ФАЙЛовете по страници и стълбове.
Неправилно кодиран низ на аргумент Парола: План:
Неочакван край на регулярен израз Отпечатва контролна сума CRC и броя байтове на всеки ФАЙЛ.
Отстранява от ИМЕ каталозите в началото и го отпечатва.
Ако е посочено, изтрива също и РАЗШИРЕНИЕ-то в края.
Отстранява от ИМЕ крайната /част и го извежда, а в случай, че ИМЕ не съдържа /,
извежда „.“ (като по този начин означава текущия каталог).
Извежда определена системна информация. Без никаква ОПЦИЯ е същото като с -s.
-a, --all извежда всякаква информация в следния ред
(но пропуска -p и -i, ако не са известни):
-s, --kernel-name извежда името на ядрото
-n, --nodename извежда името на компютъра в мрежата
-r, --kernel-release извежда изданието на ядрото
Извежда числата от ПЪРВО до ПОСЛЕДНО със стъпка СТЪПКА.
-f, --format=ФОРМАТ използва ФОРМАТ за плаваща запетая на printf
-s, --separator=НИЗ ползва НИЗ, за да разделя числата (по подразб. \n)
-w, --equal-width подравнява ширината, попълвайки в началото с нули
Извежда или променя характеристиките на терминала
-a, --all извежда всички текущи настройки в удобен за четене вид
-g, --save извежда всички текущи настройки във формат, четим от stty
-F, --file=УСТРОЙСТВО отваря и използва посоченото УСТРОЙСТВО вместо стд.вход
Отпечатва избраните части от редовете на всеки ФАЙЛ на стандартния изход.
Извежда файловото име на терминала, свързан със стандартния вход.
-s, --silent, --quiet не извежда нищо, връща само код на завършване
Извежда първите 10 реда от всеки ФАЙЛ на стандартния изход.
При повече от един ФАЙЛ, поставя заглавия с файловите имена.
При отсъствие на ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, чете от стандартния вход.
Извежда пълното файлово име на текущия работен каталог.
Извежда на стандартния изход последните %d реда от всеки ФАЙЛ.
Ако има повече от един ФАЙЛ, преди всеки поставя заглавие с файловото име.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, се чете от стандартния вход.
Извежда името на текущия потребител.
Извежда името текущия действителен (effective) потребител.
Същото като id -un.
Заявката е в процес на изпълнение Проект: Регулярният израз е твърде голям Изтрива (unlink) ФАЙЛовете.
-f, --force пренебрегва несъществуващи файлове, не пита
-i пита преди всяко триене
Преименува ИЗТОЧНИК на ЦЕЛ или премества ИЗТОЧНИК(ци) в КАТАЛОГ.
Непрекъснато извежда ред, състоящ се от посочените НИЗ(ове) или „y“.
Заявката е отменена Заявката не е отменена Изпълнява КОМАНДА с нагодена стойност на nice, влияеща на диспечера на задачите
на операционната система. Без КОМАНДА извежда текущата стойност. Диапазонът на
nice е от %d (най-голямо предимство за процеса) до %d (най-малко предимство).
-n, --adjustment=N добавя N към стойността на nice (по подразбиране 10)
Изпълнява КОМАНДА с коренов каталог НОВКОРЕНОВ.
Изпълнява КОМАНДА, пренебрегвайки сигналите за увисване (SIGHUP).
Изпраща сигнали на процесите или извежда сигналите.
Името на услугата не се поддържа за използваното тип гнездо (ai_socktype) Използвайте LC_ALL='C', за да заобиколите този проблем. Обвивка: Дава информация за файловата система, съдържаща всеки от ФАЙЛ-овете
или за всички файлови системи по подразбиране.
при създаване на специални файлове трябва да се посочат
голям и малък номер на устройство Успех Резюмира използването на диска от всеки ФАЙЛ, рекурсивно за каталозите.
грешка в системата ВРЕМЕ Временен проблем при намиране IP-адреса на хост Следните опции влияят на обхождането на йерархията, когато е посочена
също и опция -R. Ако е зададена повече от една тях, взема се пред вид
само последната зададена.
-H ако аргумент от командния ред е символна връзка
към каталог, да се обходи и той
-L да се обхожда всеки каталог, сочен от срещната
символна връзка
-P да не се обхождат символните връзки (по подразбиране)
Сравняваните низове бяха %s и %s. Завършваща обратно наклонена черта Използвайте „%s --help“ за повече информация.
Опитайте „%s ./%s“, за да изтриете файла %s.
При превод трябва да се посочат два низа (множества) Непозната грешка Непозната системна грешка Незатворена ( или \( Неотворена ) или \) Незатворена [ или [^ Незатворена \{ Използване: %s КОМАНДА [АРГУМЕНТ]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ИЗРАЗ
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ФАЙЛ
или: %s ФАЙЛ
Използване: %s ФАЙЛ1 ФАЙЛ2
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ФОРМАТ [АРГУМЕНТ]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ИМЕ
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ИМЕ [РАЗШИРЕНИЕ]
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s ЧИСЛО[СУФИКС]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Чака ЧИСЛО секунди. СУФИКС може да бъде „s“ за секунди (по подразбиране),
“m“ за минути, „h“ за часове или „d“ за дни. За разлика от повечето други
реализации, при които ЧИСЛО трябва да бъде цяло число, тук ЧИСЛО може да бъде
произволно число с плаваща запетая. При повече от един аргументи чака сумата
от посочените времена.
Използване: %s [-s СИГНАЛ | -СИГНАЛ] PID...
или: %s -l [СИГНАЛ]...
или: %s -t [СИГНАЛ]...
Използване: %s [ФАЙЛ]...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]
Използване: %s [ИМЕ]
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Извежда или задава хост-името на текущата система.
Използване: %s [ЧИСЛО]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s [ОПЕРАНД]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ] [КОМАНДА [АРГУМЕНТ]...]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ] [ФАЙЛ]
Извежда линейно нареден списък, съвместим с частичната наредба във ФАЙЛ.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, чете от стандартния вход.
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... КАТАЛОГ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ФАЙЛ
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ФАЙЛ ОБРАЗЕЦ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ФАЙЛ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ФАЙЛ1 ФАЙЛ2
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ГРУПА ФАЙЛ...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... --reference=ЕТФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ПОСЛЕДНО
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ПЪРВО ПОСЛЕДНО
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ПЪРВО СТЪПКА ПОСЛЕДНО
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... РЕЖИМ[,РЕЖИМ]... ФАЙЛ...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ОСМИЧЕН-РЕЖИМ ФАЙЛ...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... --reference=ЕТФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИМЕ ТИП [ГОЛЯМ МАЛЪК]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИМЕ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... МНОЖ1 [МНОЖ2]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ ФАЙЛ | АРГ1 АРГ2 ]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [+ФОРМАТ]
или: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [ММДДччмм[[ГГ]ГГ][.сс]]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [-T] ИЗТОЧНИК ЦЕЛ
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИЗТОЧНИК... КАТАЛОГ
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... -t КАТАЛОГ ИЗТОЧНИК...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [-T] ИЗТОЧНИК ЦЕЛ
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИЗТОЧНИК... КАТАЛОГ
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... -t КАТАЛОГ ЦЕЛ...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... -d КАТАЛОГ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [-T] ИЗТОЧНИК ИМЕ_НА_ВРЪЗКА (1-ви формат)
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИЗТОЧНИК (2-ри формат)
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... ИЗТОЧНИК... КАТАЛОГ (3-ти формат)
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... -t КАТАЛОГ ЦЕЛ... (4-ти формат)
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [-] [ПРОМЕНЛИВА=СТОЙНОСТ]... [КОМАНДА [АРГ]...]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [-] [ПОТР [АРГ]...]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ФАЙЛ]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ФАЙЛ]
или: %s -e [ОПЦИЯ]... [АРГУМЕНТ]...
или: %s -i ОТ-ДО [ОПЦИЯ]...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ФАЙЛ]...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ФАЙЛ]...
или: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [ФАЙЛ] [[+]ОТМЕСТВАНЕ[.][b]]
или: %s --traditional [ФАЙЛ] [[+]ОТМЕСТВАНЕ [[+]ЕТИКЕТ]]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ФАЙЛ]...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... --files0-from==Ф
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ВХОД [ИЗХОД]]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ВХОД]... (без -G)
или: %s -G [ОПЦИЯ]... [ВХОД [ИЗХОД]]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [СОБСТВЕНИК][:[ГРУПА]] ФАЙЛ...
или: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... --reference=ЕТФАЙЛ ФАЙЛ...
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ПОТРЕБИТЕЛ]
Използване: %s [ОПЦИЯ]... [ПОТРЕБИТЕЛ]...
Използване: %s [НИЗ]...
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: %s [аргументи, които се пренебрегват]
или: %s ОПЦИЯ
Използване: test ИЗРАЗ
или: test
или: [ ИЗРАЗ ]
или: [ ]
или: [ ОПЦИЯ
Допустими аргументи са: ВНИМАНИЕ: Циклична каталожна структура.
Това почти със сигурност означава, че имате повредена файлова система.
ИЗВЕСТЕТЕ ВАШИЯ СИСТЕМЕН АДМИНИСТРАТОР.
Следващият каталог е част от цикъла:
%s
Внимание: Кога Къде Развива поредово входните редове на всеки ФАЙЛ (или стандартния вход), като
извежда резултата на стандартния изход.
Извежда на стандартния изход случайни пермутации на входните редове.
Извежда на стандартния изход всеки ФАЙЛ, последеният ред е пръв.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е -, се чете от стандартния вход.
Извежда всеки от ФАЙЛовете на стандартния изход с добавени номера на редовете.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е - се чете от стандартния вход.
Извежда на стандартния изход редове, състоящи се от поредно
съответстващи си редове от всеки ФАЙЛ, разделени с табулации.
Без ФАЙЛ или ако ФАЙЛ е - чете от стандартния вход.
Извежда на стандартния изход сортирана конкатенация на всички ФАЙЛ(ове).
Написан от %s и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s и други.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s,
%s и %s.
Написан от %s, %s, %s
и %s.
Написан от %s, %s и %s.
Написан от %s.
при превод не може да се срещат конструкции [=c=] в МНОЖ2 ^[нНkKnN] ^[дДoOyY] „ “-%c“ излишни знаци или неправилен номер в аргумент: %s на „--pages=ПЪРВА_СТР[:ПОСЛ_СТР]“ липсва аргумент “-N НОМЕР“ неправилен номер на ред: %s “-W СТР_ШИР“ неправилен брой знаци: %s “-l СТР_ДЪЛЖ“ неправилен брой редове: %s “-o ПОЛЕ“ неправилно отместване на редовете: %s “-w СТР_ШИР“ неправилен брой знаци: %s заедно с корекцията трябва да се посочи команда достъп до %s не се поддържа посочването на тип адреси (ai_family) не се поддържа посочването на тип гнездо (ai_socktype) двусмислен аргумент %s за %s входен разделител може да се посочва само ако се работи с полета резервното копиране на %s би разрушило източника; %s не бе копиран резервното копиране на %s би разрушило източника; %s не бе преместен тип резервни копия специален блоков файл не се поддържа работа с блокови специални файлове не може и двата файла да са стандартният вход байтовото отместване %s е твърде дълго няма достъп до %s не може да се направи резервно копие на %s не може едновременно да се резюмира и да се показват всички елементи не може да се смени собствеността на %s не може да се сменят правата за достъп до %s кореновият каталог не може да се смени на %s не може да се влезе в каталога %s с chdir не може да се влиза в главния каталог не може да се комбинират опциите -e и -i не може да се комбинират никои две от {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} не може да се комбинират block и unblock не може да се комбинират excl и nocreat не може да се комбинират lcase и ucase не може да се комбинират опциите за режим и --reference не може да се задават сигнали заедно с -l или -t не може да се сравнят файловите имена %s и %s не може да се конвертира U+%04X в локалното кодиране не може да се конвертира U+%04X в локалното кодиране: %s не може да се копира каталог (%s) в самия себе си (%s) не може да се копира цикличната символна връзка %s не може да се създаде каталог %s не може да се създаде именуван канал %s не може да се направи твърда връзка %s към %s не може да се създаде връзка %s не може да се направи връзка %s към %s не може да се създаде обикновен файл %s не може да се създаде специален файл %s не може да се създаде символна връзка %s не може да се създаде символна връзка %s към %s символната връзка %s не може да бъде последвана не може да се установи устройството и i-възлите на %s хост-името не може да бъде определено не може да се изпълни ioctl за „%s“ не може да се намери името на група с номер %lu не може да се намери името на потребител с номер %lu не може да се следва %s според името не може да се получи режимът за достъп до %s не може да се определи кой е текущият каталог не може да се получи стойността на nice не може да се получи системното име не може да се обработи непоследователно %s не може едновременно да се правят твърди и символни връзки не може да се направи каталог %s не може да се премести %s в %s не може да се премести %s в своя подкаталог %s каталог не може да се премести върху файл, който не е каталог: %s -> %s не може да се отвори %s за четене не може да се отвори %s за запис не може да се отвори каталогът %s каталогът %s не може да се замести с файл, който не е каталог %s не е каталог и не може да се замести с каталога %s не може да се извеждат само имена или номера във формата по подразбиране каталогът %s не може да се чете не може да се четат файлови имена от %s не може да се прочете от файловата система информация за %s не може да се чете часовникът в реално време не може да се чете символната връзка %s не може да се изтрие %s не може да се смени мястото на файловия указател за %s не може да се настрои датата не може да се зададе групата не може да се приеме група %lu не може да се зададат групите не може да се задава хост-име, тази система не притежава такава възможност името не може да се направи %s не може да се настрои стойността на nice не може да се зададе времето на %s не може да се зададе потребителят не може да се приеме потребител %lu не може да се пропусне след края на комбинирания вход не може да се посочват времена с повече от един източник не може да се цепи по повече от един начин не могат да се получат атрибутите на %s не може да се намери текущият каталог (сега %s) не може да се въздейства на %s не може да се възстанови от резервно копие %s неуспешно изпълнение на unlink за %s в крайна сметка не може да се компенсира грешката в ядрото група на %s става %s
собственик на %s става %s
променя се групата на %s променя се собствеността на %s променят се правата за достъп до %s отместването в знаци е нула знак извън диапазона специален символен файл не се поддържа работа със символни специални файлове смяна на часа неуспешно затваряне на файл затваря се %s Затваряне на %s (файлов дескриптор=%d) затваря се каталогът %s затваряне на входния файл %s затваряне на изходния файл %s затваряне на стандартния вход несъвместими заменящи низове за празно поле не може да се намери елемента на каталога в %s със съответстващ i-възел не може да се получи времето на начално зареждане създаден е каталог %s създава се каталог %s създава се файл %s
създава се твърда връзка %s създава се твърда връзка %s => %s създава се твърда връзка към %.0s%s създава се символна връзка %s създава се символна връзка %s -> %s каталог делене на нула празно файлово име празна табулация грешка при пасването на регулярния израз грешка при търсене на регулярен израз грешка при четене на %s грешка при запис в %s exit= излишен аргумент %s излишен операнд „%s“ излишен операнд %s
групата на %s не можа да се промени на %s
режимът за достъп до %s не може да се смени на %04lo (%s)
промяната на собственика на %s не успя
собственик на %s не можа да се промени на %s
не може отвори каталогът %s не могат да се получат атрибутите на %s не може да се търси файла %s не може да се отвори %s не можа да се запази авторството на %s собствеността на %s не можа да се запази правата за достъп до %s не можаха да се запазят времената на %s не можаха да се запазят неуспешно пренасочване на стандартната грешка невъзможно връщане в първоначалния работен каталог не успешно затваряне на стандартната грешка не може да се изпълни stat за %s неуспешно извикване на fdatasync за %s неуспешно извикване на fflush номерът на поле %s е твърде голям номерът на поле е нула именуван канал файловите системи от тип %s са едновременно избрани и изключени системната функция за нов процес (fork) не успя не може да се използва форматен низ, когато се извеждат низове с еднаква ширина неуспешнен запис (fsync) за %s неуспешен fts_read getpass: не може да се отвори /dev/tty получават се новите атрибути на %s групата на %s остана %s
функцията iconv е недостъпна функцията iconv не е използваема id= всички аргументи се пренебрегват входът се пренебрегва входът се пренебрегва, а изходът се насочва към %s входът се пренебрегва, а стандартната грешка се пренасочва към стандартния изход пренебрегва се неправилният размер на табулациите в променливата от обкръжението TABSIZE: %s пренебрегва се неправилната стойност на променливата от обкръжението QUOTING_STYLE: %s пренебрегва се неправилната ширина в променливата от обкръжението COLUMNS: %s пренебрегват се аргументи, които не са опции неправилни свързващи полета %lu, %lu несъвместими табулации неправилна парола входът изчезна входният ред е твърде дълъг преместването между устройства не успя (от %s в %s); целевият файл не можа да се изтрие неправилна настройка: %s неправилен аргумент %s недопустим аргумент %s за %s неправилен формат за номериране: %s неправилен списък байтове или полета неправилен знак „%c“ в низа за тип %s неправилен клас от символи %s неправилен означител за преобразуване в суфикса: %c неправилен означител за преобразуване в суфикса: \%.3o неправилна дата %s неправилен формат за дата %s неправилно устройство %s %s неправилен тип на устройство %s неправилен номер на поле: %s неправилен означител за поле: %s неправилна ширина на поле: %s неправилен номер на файл при означител на поле: %s неправилно число с плаваща запетая като аргумент: %s неправилен формат за номериране на долен колонтитул: %s неправилна точност на формат неправилна ширина на формат неправилна ширина на мястото между полетата: %s несъществуваща група неправилна група %s неправилен формат за номериране на горен колонтитул: %s недопустим вход неправилен входен диапазон: %s неправилно цяло число %s неправилен числов аргумент %s неправилен брой редове: %s неправилна дисциплина на редовете %s неправилна ширина на полето за номер на ред: %s неправилна разлика между съседни редове: %s неправилен формат за номериране на редове: %s неправилна дължина на реда: %s погрешен голям номер на устройство %s неправилна максимална дълбочина %s погрешен малък номер на устройство %s неправилен режим за достъп неправилен режим %s неправилен режим за достъп %s недопустимо число %s неправилно число след „,“ неправилно число след „-“ неправилно число след „.“ неправилно число в началото на поле неправилен брой празни редове: %s недопустимо количество байтове неправилен брой знаци за сравняване неправилен брой байтове за пропускане неправилен номер стълбове: %s неправилен брой полета за пропускане недопустим брой редове недопустим брой редове: 0 неправилна опция -- %c неправилна опция -- %c; -ШИРИНА се разпознава само ако е първа опция;
в противен случай ползвайте -w ШИРИНА неправилна база „%c“ на изходния адрес; трябва да бъде знак измежду [doxn] неправилна точност: %s неправилен брой повторения %s в конструкция [c*n] неправилна спецификация неправилен начален номер на ред: %s неправилен размер на табулациите: %s неправилен интервал за време %s неправилен формат за времето %s неправилна опция -- %c неправилен низ за тип %s неправилен низ за тип %s;
тази система не поддържа %lu-байтови числа с плаваща запетая неправилен низ за тип %s;
тази система не поддържа %lu-байтови целочислени числа неправилно универсално име на знак \%c%0*x несъществуващ потребител неправилен потребител %s неправилна ширина: %s неправилен размер за пренасяне: %s неправилно файлово име с дължина нула опасно е да се работи рекурсивно върху %s опасно е да се работи рекурсивно върху %s, т.е. върху %s last= начален „-“ в компонент на файловото име %s ограничението %lu е задминато от дължината %lu на файловото име %s ограничението %lu е надминато от дължината %lu на компонента на файловото име %s опцията за брой редове -%s%c... е твърде голямa номерът на ред %s е по-малък от предходния номер - %s препълване на номера на ред паметта е изчерпана опашка със съобщения лошо подравнена [:upper:] и/или [:lower:] конструкция липсва означител %% за преобразуване в суфикса липсва „]“ липсва аргумент след %s липсва аргумент за %s липсва име на клас от символи „[::]“ в суфикса липсва означител за преобразуване липсващ операнд за целеви файл след %s липсва знак за клас на еквивалентност „[==]“ липсващ файлов операнд липсва шестнадесетично число след \ липсва списък полета липсва списък позиции липсващ операнд липсващ операнд след %s режимът трябва да определя само битовете за достъп до файла режимът за достъп до %s е променен на %04lo (%s)
режимът за достъп до %s е запазен на %04lo (%s)
многосимволна табулация %s посочени са много опции -i посочени са много опции -l или -t посочени са твърде много изходни файлове посочени са много формати за изхода посочени са много случайни източници посочени са много целеви каталози нито символната връзка %s, нито соченият файл бяха променени
променливата SHELL няма стойност, а не дадена и опция за тип обвивка без промяна на собственика на %s
нито една файлова система не бе обработена няма повече файлове няма входящо име не е посочен номер на процес при извеждане на низове не може да се посочва тип при използване на -l трябва да се посочи поне едно потребителско име платформенозависим знак %s във файловото име %s не е tty номерът в %s е твърде голям количество байтове брой на редовете препълване на отместването при четене на файла %s каталогът %s се пропуска в МНОЖ2 може да се среща само конструкцията за повторение [c*] може да се посочва само едно устройство трябва да се посочи само един вид списък неуспешно отваряне на файл отваряне на %s опция, използване в грешен контекст -- %c опциите „-%s“ са несъвместими собственик на %s остана непроменен
собственик на %s остана %s
ширината на страницата е твърде малка режимът за достъп до %s е запазен времената за %s се запазват безсмислено е да се извеждат всички повтарящи се редове и броя срещания граници на интервала „%s-%s“ са в обратен ред грешка при четене не може да се чете чете се %s чете се каталогът %s твърде дълъг запис обикновен празен файл обикновен файл %s е изтрит
каталогът %s е изтрит
каталогът %s се изтрива стартниво семафор разделителят не може да бъде празен задействат се флаговете за %s установява се режимът за достъп до %s задава се време на %s споделен обект в паметта skip-bytes + read-bytes са твърде много пропуска се %s тъй като е на друго устройство файлът %s се пропуска, тъй като бе заместен по време на копирането гнездо стандартната грешка стандартният вход стандартният вход е затворен стандартният изход файл не може да бъде открит неочакван знак в спецификация на поле сравнението на низове не успя неуспешно преобразуване на низ потискането на редове, несъдържащи разделител, има смисъл
само ако се работи с полета символна връзка синтактична грешка размерът на табулациите не може да бъде 0 размерът на табулациите включва непозволен знак: %s позициите на табулациите трябва да са в нарастващ ред табулацията е твърде дълга %s табулацията е твърде дълга табулациите са твърде отдалечени целта %s не е каталог при инсталиране на каталог не се позволява посочването на целеви каталог term= test и/или [ опциите --binary и --text са безсмислени при проверка на контролни суми опцията --status е смислена само при проверяване на контролни суми опцията --warn е смислена само при проверяване на контролни суми конструкцията [c*] може да се среща в МНОЖ2 само при превод конструкцията [c*] не може да се появява в МНОЖ1 разделителят трябва да се състои от един знак опциите за подробен и stty-четим изходен стил
взаимно се изключват опциите за извеждане на вътрешната база данни на dircolors и
за избор на обвивка се изключват взаимно не може едновременно да се използват опции за отпечатване и настройка на времето посочените опции за дати за отпечатване са взаимно изключващи се опцията махане на символните таблици не може да се използва при инсталиране на каталог времето %s е извън допустимия диапазон твърде много означители за преобразуване %% в суфикса множество с твърде много знаци твърде много повторени редове общо типизиран обект в паметта не може да се запомни текущият работен каталог непозната двуместна операция непознат потребител: %s неразбираема стойност на променливата от обкръжението LS_COLORS непознат операнд %s непознат префикс: %s ползвайте --no-preserve-root, за да отмените тази предпазна мярка не съществува потребител %s използва се ограничената обвивка %s внимание: %s: знакът(знаците) следващи знакова константа са пренебрегнати внимание: --pid=PID не се поддържа на тази система внимание: опцията --retry обикновено е полезна само с --follow=name внимание: пренебрегва се номера на процес; --pid=PID е полезно само при следване внимание: „touch %s“ e архаично; ползвайте „touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' внимание: обратна наклонена черта в края на форматен низ внимание: каталогът не може да се смени на %s внимание: не може да се изтрие: %s внимание: безкрайното следване на стандартния вход е безполезно внимание: пренебрегват се излишните аргументи започвайки от %s внимание: неправилна ширина %lu; вместо нея се ползва %d внимание: номерът на ред %s съвпада с предходния номер на ред внимание: изходния файл %s е посочен повече от веднъж внимание: резюмирането влиза в конфликт с --max-depth=%lu внимание: резюмирането е еквивалентно на --max-depth=0 внимание: двусмислената осмична последователност \%c%c%c е интерпретирана
като двубайтовата последователност \0%c%c, %c внимание: неразпозната команда с обратна наклонена черта „\%c“ warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types непознат тип файл когато не се съкращава МНОЖ1, МНОЖ2 трябва да бъде непразно при четене на файлови имена от stdin, никое файлово име не може да бъде %s при посочване на изходен стил не може да се настройват режими при превод с допълнителни (обратни) класове символи, МНОЖ2 трябва
да изобразява всички знаци от областта в един при превод единствените класове символи, които може да се срещат в
МНОЖ2 са „upper“ и „lower“ няма да се направи твърда връзка %s към каталога %s току що създаденият %s няма да бъде заместен с %s с --parents целта трябва да бъде каталог грешка при запис грешка при запис за %s неуспешен запис записва се %s запис в %s трябва да посочите списък байтове, знаци или полета PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks %s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % %+% прочетени блока
%+% записани блока
% съкратен запис
% съкратени записа
изкопиран е % байт (%s) изкопирани са % байта (%s) твърде голямо отместване: не може да се отреже до дължината на seek=% (%lu-byte) блокове %s: %: неправилно форматиран ред с контролна сума %s ВНИМАНИЕ: % от общо % изброен файл не може да бъде прочетен ВНИМАНИЕ: % от общо % изброени файла не могат да бъдат прочетени ВНИМАНИЕ: % от % пресметната контролна сума НЕ пасва ВНИМАНИЕ: % от % пресметнати контролни суми НЕ пасват началният номер на страница % надминава броя страници % Стр. % usr/share/locale/ja/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000266061 15100214701 0014000 0 ustar 00 \ ( ( ) * G 8+ , p ;- ! - . / w 51 5 2 T 3 G 84 8 4 4 # [5 6 z D7 7 \ 8 8 | : : A b; ; o< := "> > ? 9 @ @ t @ lB ^C +D E F y G H G 7 G F H WH , DI 5 qI I ) J K I M YN 1O $P P Q R Z S W S 2T } T yU \ W fX Y
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
groups= old % 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%s -> %s (unbackup)
%s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has unknown file type %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: expected a numeric value %s: file has negative size %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: input contains a loop: %s: input file is output file %s: invalid PID %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: multiple signals specified %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: read error %s: removed %s: removing %s: replace %s? %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' (C) , load average: %.2f ???
Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Broken pipe Bus error COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Child exited Continued Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David MacKenzie EXIT Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
FAILED File size limit exceeded Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Hangup Idle Illegal instruction In real life: Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid character class name Invalid content of \{\} Invalid regular expression Killed LINE Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Power failure Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Quit Real-time signal %d Regular expression too big Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Request canceled Request not canceled Richard M. Stallman Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Simon Josefsson Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Try `%s --help' for more information.
Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Valid arguments are: Virtual timer expired Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file both files cannot be standard input cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change permissions of %s cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot determine hostname cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot open %s for reading cannot perform formatted output cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot read realtime clock cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot skip past end of combined input cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing ownership of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file clock change close failed closing %s (fd=%d) closing output file %s closing standard input couldn't get boot time directory division by zero error closing file error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra operand %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to get attributes of %s failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to return to initial working directory field number is zero fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s incorrect password input disappeared invalid argument %s for %s invalid byte or field list invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid group invalid input invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid user invalid wrap size: %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multiple -l or -t options specified neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no files remaining no type may be specified when dumping strings not a tty number of bytes number of lines only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one type of list may be specified open failed ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed regular empty file regular file run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link tab size cannot be 0 tab sizes must be ascending term= the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options to print and set the time may not be used together the untransformed string was %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix total unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unknown stream unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not overwrite just-created %s with %s write error write failed you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-09 17:40+0900
Last-Translator: Yasuaki Taniguchi
Language-Team: Japanese
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;
( 式 ) 式 は真
! 式 式 は偽
式1 -a 式2 式1 と 式2 の両方が真
式1 -o 式2 式1 または 式2 のどちらかが真
-a, --all -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u と同じ
-b, --boot 最後にシステムが起動した時刻
-d, --dead 終了したプロセスを表示
-H, --heading ヘッダ行を表示
-b FILE FILE が存在し, 且つブロックデバイスである
-c FILE FILE が存在し, 且つキャラクタデバイスである
-d FILE FILE が存在し, 且つディレクトリである
-e FILE FILE が存在する
-l 指定されたユーザに対して長形式で出力
-b 長形式でユーザのホームディレクトリとシェルを省略
-h 長形式でユーザのプロジェクトファイルを省略
-p 長形式でユーザのプランファイルを省略
-s 短形式で出力 (標準)
ARG1 * ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の掛け算
ARG1 / ARG2 ARG1 の ARG2 による割り算
ARG1 % ARG2 ARG1 の ARG2 による割り算のあまり
ARG1 + ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の足し算
ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 と ARG2 の引き算
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より小さい
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より小さいか等しい
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 と等しい
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 と等しくない
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より大きいか等しい
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 が ARG2 より大きい
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 と FILE2 が同じデバイスで inode も等しい
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 が FILE2 より (更新された時刻が) 新しい
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 が FILE2 より古い
行数 指定行の直前まで(その行は含まれない)を書き込む
/正規表現/[オフセット] 一致する行の直前までを書き込む
%%正規表現%%[オフセット] 一致する行の直前までをスキップ
{整数値} 直前のパターンを指定した数だけ繰り返す
{*} 直前のパターンを可能なだけ繰り返す
オフセットの指定には `+' または `-' に正の整数値を続けて指定します.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 に等しい
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 以上
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 より大きい
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 以下
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 未満
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 が INTEGER2 に等しくない
STRING : REGEXP STRING における正規表現 REGEXP によるパターン照合
match STRING REGEXP STRING : REGEXP と同じ
substr STRING POS LENGTH STRING の部分文字列を返す, POS は 1から始まる
index STRING CHARS STRING から CHARS が見つかった場所を返す.
見つからなければ 0
length STRING STRING の長さ
軽い `finger' プログラム; ユーザ情報を表示.
utmp ファイルは %s.
- だけを指定した場合は -i を指定したことになります. コマンドが指定されなければ, 最終的な環境変数を表示します.
- だけを指定した場合は -l を指定したことになります. USER が指定されなければ, root が指定されたことになります.
特別な場合として、cp は -f と -b オプションが与えられ、SOURCE と DEST が
同一ファイルである時は、SOURCE のバックアップを作成する。
多くの演算子はシェルに渡すためにエスケープするか引用符で囲む必要があります.
比較は ARG がいずれも数値であれば大きさにより, それ以外の場合には辞書順に
より行われます. パターン照合は, \( と \) の間, もしくはヌル文字に一致した
文字列を返します. \( と \) を使わない場合は一致する文字数か 0 を返します.
オプションの指定が無ければ, プログラムは -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn, -hn,
-bt, -fn として動作します. CC 値は 論理ページの区切り記号を指定するための
2 つの文字です. 2つめの文字が指定されない場合には, 暗黙に : が指定されます.
`\\' を 指定したければ, `\\' を使うようにしてください.
STYLE は, 以下のうちの 1 つを指定します.
組合せ設定:
* [-]LCASE [-]lcase と同じ
cbreak -icanon と同じ
-cbreak icanon と同じ
制御設定:
[-]clocal モデム制御信号を無効に
[-]cread 受け取る入力を許可
* [-]crtscts RTS/CTS ハンドシェイクを有効に
csN 文字の大きさを N ビットに設定, N の範囲は [5..8]
例:
%s /usr/bin/sort 出力 "sort"。
%s include/stdio.h .h 出力 "stdio"。
標準入力とつながった端末を制御します. 引数がなければ,
ボーレート, 回線制御規則および stty sane からのずれを表示します.
設定の際には, CHAR は文字通りに扱われるか, ^c, 0x37, 0177 または 127 のように
コード化されます. 特別な値 ^- または undef は特殊文字を無効にするのに
使われます.
ファイルが指定されない場合は, %s を使用.
ファイルとして %s が指定されると, これまでの累積データを表示.
引数1 引数2 が指定されると, -m が仮定: 通常は `am i' または `mom likes'.
ファイルを指定したときは、ファイルタイプや拡張子毎にどの色を使うかについて、
そのファイルを読んで決定します。それ以外の時は予めコンパイルされたデータ
ベースが使われます。こういったファイルのフォーマットの詳細が知りたければ、
`dircolors --print-database' を実行してください。
もしコマンドが指定されなければ, ``${SHELL} -i'' を実行 (標準: /bin/sh).
入力設定:
[-]brkint ブレイクで割り込みシグナルを発生
[-]icrnl 復帰 (CR) を改行 (LF) に翻訳
[-]ignbrk ブレイク文字を無視
[-]igncr 復帰 (CR) を無視
ライセンス GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
ローカル設定:
[-]crterase backspace-space-backspace として削除文字をエコー
* crtkill echoprt と echoe の設定にしたがって全ての行を削除
* -crtkill echoctl と echok の設定にしたがって全ての行を削除
「設定」の前に - を付けると, 否定を表わします. 以下の * (アスタリスク) 記号
は非 POSIX 設定であることを示しています. 使っているシステムによって,
どの設定が有効なのかが決まります.
出力設定:
* bsN バックスペースの遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* crN 復帰 (CR) 遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..3]
* ffN 用紙送り遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* nlN 改行 (LF) 遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
式の値を標準出力に表示. 以下の一覧では, 式を評価する際の優先順位ごとに
空行で区分けしています. 式として使えるのは:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 がヌルでも 0 でもなければ ARG1 を返し,
それ以外の場合は ARG2 を返す
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1, ARG2 ともにヌルでも 0 でもなければ ARG1 を返し,
それ以外の場合は 0 を返す
ファイルが - ならば標準入力を読み込みます. 各々のパターンは:
バグを発見したら <%s> に報告して下さい。
翻訳に関するバグはに報告してください。
SET は文字列によって指定します. 多くの場合その文字自身を表現します.
解釈のされ方は以下の通り:
\NNN 文字の 8 進数表現(1 から 3 個の 8 進数値)
\\ バックスラッシュ
\a ベル
\b バックスペース
\f フォームフィード
\n 改行
\r 復帰
\t 水平タブ
ここでのサイズの指定は数字です. タイプが doux に含まれるなら, サイズに
は,C は sizeof(char) として, S は sizeof(short) として, I は sizeof(int),
または Lは sizeof(long) も指定できます. またタイプが f ならば, さらに
F は sizeof(float) として, D は sizeof(double) として, または
L は sizeof(long double) として指定できます.
特殊文字:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR は入力が読み込まれると, 端末停止シグナルを送信
eof CHAR CHAR はファイル終端を送信 (入力の終了)
eol CHAR CHAR は行末
バックアップ接尾辞は、--suffix や SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX が設定されないと `~' に
なります。バージョン管理方法は --backup オプションや VERSION_CONTROL 環境変数
を通じて選択できます。以下がその際の値です:
データを RFC 3548 で定義された base64 英字にエンコード・デコードします。
デコード時には入力には正式な base64 英字に加えて改行文字が含まれている
場合があります。入力ストリームに他の非英字バイトが含まれていて回復
したい場合は --ignore-garbage を使用してください。
チェックサムは %s に記されている通りに計算されます. 照合の際に入力
するファイルは, このプログラムによって出力された形式でなければなりません.
特にオプションを指定しないで実行した場合には, それぞれのファイル毎に
チェックサム, タイプに関する印(バイナリには `*', テキストには ` '),
及びファイル名を表示します.
`-' で始まる名前のファイルを削除するには、例えば `-foo' というファイルなら
こういうコマンドを使いましょう
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
FILE が指定されない, もしくは FILE が - の場合, 標準入力が読み込まれます.
ファイルの指定がなかったり, - であった場合, 標準入力から読み込みます.
オプションが無い場合はユーザ情報のうち有用なものを表示.
ファイルの明確な表現を標準出力に書き込む. 特に指定がなければ, 8 進数で
表現します. ファイル指定されない, あるいは `-' が指定された場合には,
標準入力を読み込みます.
--help この使い方を表示して終了
--version バージョン情報を表示して終了
-evenp -parenb cs8 と同じ
* [-]lcase xcase iuclc olcuc と同じ
litout -parenb -istrip -opost cs8 と同じ
-litout parenb istrip opost cs7 と同じ
nl -icrnl -onlcr と同じ
-nl icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret と同じ
[-]cstopb 1文字あたり 2ストップビットを使用 (1 の場合は `-' を付ける)
[-]hup 最後のプロセスが tty を閉じたらハングアップシグナルを送る
[-]hupcl [-]hup と同じ
[-]parenb パリティビットを出力し, 入力にパリティビットがあるとする
[-]parodd 奇パリティを設定 (偶は `-')
[-]ignpar パリティエラーのある文字を無視
* [-]imaxbel 発信音を鳴らし, 文字に全入力バッファを吐き出さない
[-]inlcr 改行 (LF) を復帰 (CR) に翻訳
[-]inpck 入力パリティのチェックを可能に
[-]istrip 入力文字の最上位 (第8) ビットを落とす
[-]isig 割り込み (interrupt), 終了 (quit) および中断 (suspend)
特殊文字を使用可能に
[-]noflsh 割り込み (interrupt) と終了 (quit) 特殊文字の後の出力を無効に
* [-]prterase [-]echoprt と同じ
* [-]tostop 端末に書き込もうとするバックグラウンドジョブを停止
* [-]xcase icanon と共に使い, 大文字に対して `\' でエスケープ
cooked brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig と同じ
icanon, eof および eol 文字は標準の値
-cooked raw と同じ
crt echoe echoctl echoke と同じ
dec echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177 kill ^u と同じ
* [-]decctlq [-]ixany と同じ
ek erase と kill 文字を標準の値に
evenp parenb -parodd cs7 と同じ
ispeed N 入力速度を N に設定
* line N 回線制御規則 N を使用
min N -icanon と共に使い, 完全な読込みに対して最低 N 文字を設定
ospeed N 出力速度を N に設定
oddp parenb parodd cs7 と同じ
-oddp -parenb cs8 と同じ
[-]parity [-]evenp と同じ
pass8 -parenb -istrip cs8 と同じ
-pass8 parenb istrip cs7 と同じ
raw -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0 と同じ
-raw cooked と同じ
stop CHAR CHAR 出力を停止
susp CHAR CHAR は端末停止シグナルを送信
* swtch CHAR CHAR は別のシェル層に切り替え
* werase CHAR CHAR は最後にタイプされた単語を削除
%h %b と同じ
%H 時 (00〜23)
%I 時 (01〜12)
%j 年日付 (001〜366)
%k 時 ( 0〜23)
%l 時 ( 1〜12)
%m 月 (01〜12)
%M 分 (00〜59)
+ TOKEN TOKEN が `match' のようなキーワードや `/' の
ような演算子であって文字列として解釈.
( 式 ) 式の値
-A, --address-radix=RADIX ファイルオフセットの表示形式を指定
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES ファイルの先頭より BYTES 分スキップ
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
ヘッダの日付の形式として FORMAT を用いる
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
入力された CHAR を幅 WIDTH の空白に拡げる
CHAR, WIDTH の指定がなければ CHAR は TAB,
WIDTH は 8 に変更
-F, -f, --form-feed
改ページの際に改行ではなく, 改ページコードを使用
(-f と共に 3行分, -f を指定しない場合 5行分のヘッダを出力)
-M, --macro-name=STRING `xx' の代わりに使うマクロ名を指定
-O, --format=roff roff 命令で出力を生成
-R, --right-side-refs 参照文を右に. ただし -w の勘定には入らない
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP 行末または文末を表現する正規表現を指定
-T, --format=tex TeX 命令で出力を生成
-T, -w, --mesg ユーザのメッセージ状態を +, - または ? で追記
-u, --users ログイン中のユーザを一覧
--message -T と同じ
--writable -T と同じ
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP キーワードに対して REGEXP で一致を調べる
-b, --break-file=FILE この FILE 中から単語を分割する文字を取得
-f, --ignore-case 小文字を大文字に変えて並び替え
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER 出力のフィールド間の列中の隙間の大きさ
-i, --ignore-file=FILE FILE から無視する単語一覧を読み込む
-o, --only-file=FILE この FILE から単語一覧のみを読み込む
-a, --across 各行を段組の横方向へ順に出力
-COLUMN オプションと共に使用
-c, --show-control-chars
コントロールキャラクタにハットをつけ(例 ^G), その他の
印字不能な文字にはバックスラッシュと 8 進数で表示
-d, --double-space
行間に空行を挿入
-b, --before 区切り文字列をレコードの前ではなく後ろに
-r, --regex 区切り文字列を正規表現として解釈
-s, --separator=STRING 改行文字の代わりに STRING を区切り文字列に
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE 本文の行番号を STYLE の形式に
-d, --section-delimiter=CC 論理ページの区切り記号に CC を利用
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE フッタの行番号を STYLE の形式に
-b, --bytes カラム数ではなくバイト数でカウント
-s, --spaces 空白の位置で折り返す
-w, --width=WIDTH 80 の代わりに 1 行の幅を指定
-c, --count 入力中に続けて出現した行の回数を表示
-d, --repeated 重複した行のみを出力
-d, --delimiters=LIST タブ文字の代わりに, LIST の文字を区切りとして使用
-s, --serial 一行毎ではなく, 一度に 1 つのファイルを貼付ける
-f 短形式でヘッダ行を省略
-w 短形式でユーザのフルネームを省略する
-i 短形式でユーザのフルネームとログイン元を省略
-q 短形式でユーザのフルネーム, ログイン元および待機時間を省略
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
ファイルが大きくなるたびに追加されたデータを出力
-f, --follow および --follow=descriptor は同じ
-F --follow=name --retry と同じ
-l 詳細リスト形式を表示する
-L, --dereference シンボリックリンクのファイル情報を表示するときは
リンクそのものではなくリンク参照先のファイル
情報を表示する
-m 項目のリストをカンマで区切り、一行に詰め込む
-n, --digits=DIGITS 2 の代わりに指定された数字を使う
-s, --quiet, --silent 出力ファイルの大きさを表示しない
-z, --elide-empty-files 空の出力ファイルを削除
-q, --count ログイン中のユーザのログイン名とユーザ数
-r, --runlevel 現在のランレベルを表示
-s, --short 名前, 行および時間のみを表示 (標準)
-t, --time 最後にシステムの時刻が変更された時刻を表示
-q, --hide-control-chars 表示不可能な文字を ? に置き換える
--show-control-chars 表示不可能な文字をそのまま表示 (プログラムが
`ls' でなかったり出力が端末でない場合の初期状態)
-Q, --quote-name ファイル名をダブルクォート(")で囲む
--quoting-style=WORD 項目名のクォートに WORD 文字を使う:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent ファイルごとのヘッダの出力を行わない
-v, --verbose ファイルごとにヘッダを出力
-r, --references 各行の第1フィールドを参照文と見なす
-t, --typeset-mode - 未実装 -
-w, --width=NUMBER 列の出力幅を指定. 参照文を除いて数える
-s, --only-delimited 区切り文字を含まない行を出力させない
--output-delimiter=STRING 出力の区切り文字として STRING を使用
デフォルトでは入力の区切り文字を使用
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL 送信されるシグナルの名前または番号
-l, --list シグナル名および番号の一覧
-t, --table シグナル情報の一覧表を表示
-t -vTと同じ
-T, --show-tabs TAB文字を`^I'で表示
-u (無視)
-v, --show-nonprinting 非表示文字と`^'や`^'を付けて表示 (LFDとTABは除く)
-t, --tabs=リスト コンマ(,)で区切られたリストにタブストップを設定
-u, --update SOURCE ファイルがコピー先ファイルより新しいか
存在しない時だけコピーする
-v, --verbose 実行されたことを説明する
-x, --one-file-system このファイルシステムだけで実行する
-w, --check-chars=N 行中, N 文字以上を比較しない
-z, --zero-terminated 文字列の最後に改行でなくヌル文字を付加
[:graph:] 全ての表示可能文字, 空白は含まない
[:lower:] 全ての小文字アルファベット
[:print:] 全ての表示可能文字, 空白も含む
[:punct:] 全ての句読点
[:space:] 全ての水平及び垂直タブ文字
[:upper:] 全ての大文字アルファベット
[:xdigit:] 全ての 16 進数数値
[=CHAR=] 全ての CHAR と等価な文字. 等価クラス
\v 垂直タブ
CHAR1-CHAR2 CHAR1 から CHAR2 までを昇順に展開した文字列
[CHAR1-CHAR2] SET1 と SET2 の両方で指定した場合には CHAR1-CHAR2 と同じ
[CHAR*] SET2 として, CHAR を SET1 の長さ分展開した文字列
[CHAR*REPEAT] CHAR を REPEAT 個展開した文字列, REPEAT の値を 0 から
始めた場合には, 8 進数として解釈
[:alnum:] 全てのアルファベットと数字
[:alpha:] 全てのアルファベット
[:blank:] 全ての水平方向空白文字
[:cntrl:] 全ての制御文字
[:digit:] 全ての数字
d[サイズ] 符号付き10進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
f[サイズ] 浮動小数点 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
o[サイズ] 8進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
u[サイズ] 符号なし10進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
x[サイズ] 16進数 1 整数(integer)のサイズ指定
none, off バックアップを作らない (--backup をつけた時でも)
numbered, t 番号つきバックアップを作成する
existing, nil 番号つきバックアップがあれば番号つき、
そうでなければ、simple で
simple, never 常に簡易バックアップを作成
%4s-ブロック 使用 使用可 使用%% (バックアップ: %s) * [-]ctlecho ハット記号 (`^c') で制御文字をエコー
[-]echo 入力文字をエコー
* [-]echoctl [-]ctlecho と同じ
[-]echoe [-]crterase と同じ
[-]echok 削除文字の後で改行をエコー
* [-]echoke [-]crtkill と同じ
[-]echonl 他の文字をエコーしなくても改行をエコー
* [-]echoprt `\' と '/' の間で, 削除された文字を逆順にエコー
[-]icanon erase, kill, werase および rprnt 特殊文字を使用可能に
[-]iexten 非 POSIX 特殊文字を使用可能に
* [-]iuclc 大文字を小文字に翻訳
* [-]ixany 開始文字だけでなく, 任意の文字で出力を再開
[-]ixoff 開始および停止文字の送信を可能に
[-]ixon XON/XOFF フロー制御を可能に
[-]parmrk パリティーエラーをマーク (255-0 文字のシーケンスで)
[-]tandem [-]ixoff と同じ
* [-]ocrnl 復帰 (CR) を改行 (LF) に翻訳
* [-]ofdel ヌル文字の代わりに埋める文字として削除文字を使用
* [-]ofill 遅延のタイミングの代わりに埋める文字を使用
* [-]olcuc 小文字を大文字に翻訳
* [-]onlcr 改行 (LF) を復帰改行 (CR-LF) に翻訳
* [-]onlret 改行 (LF) が復帰 (CR) として振舞う
* [-]onocr 1桁目の復帰 (CR) を表示しない
[-]opost プロセス後出力
* tabN 水平タブ遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..3]
* tabs tab0 と同じ
* -tabs tab3 と同じ
* vtN 垂直タブ遅延スタイル. N の範囲は [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR 行末を示す別の CHAR
erase CHAR CHAR は最後にタイプされた文字を削除
intr CHAR CHAR は割り込みシグナルを送信
kill CHAR CHAR は現在の行を削除
* lnext CHAR CHAR は引用された次の文字を入力
quit CHAR CHAR は終了シグナルを送信
* rprnt CHAR CHAR は現在の行を再表示
start CHAR CHAR は停止した出力を再開
* rows N タームなるが N 行であることをカーネルに通知
* size カーネルに対応した行数と桁数を表示
speed 端末速度を表示
time N -icanon と共に使い, 読込みのタイムアウトを 10 分の N 秒に設定
マウント位置
所属グループ= 昔 メモリの % 1%, b は 1, K は 1024 (標準) のように M, G, T, P, E, Z, T.
*** 警告 ***
環境変数によって指定されたロカールで並び替えの順番が変わります.
本来のバイト単位の数値で昔ながらの並び替え順にしたいならば LC_ALL=C を指定.
%s -> %s (復元)
%s と %s は同じファイルです %s は存在しますがディレクトリではありません %s のファイルタイプが不明です %s のホームページ: <%s>
%s のホームページ:
%s は長すぎます %s: %s は大きすぎて表示できません %s: %s:%s: 順序が不規則: %s: オープンまたは読み込みに失敗しました
%s: そのようなユーザは存在しません %s: 繰り返しカウントには `}' が必要です %s: カレントディレクトリ上でのみ相対シンボリックリンクができます %s: このタイプのファイルの終端を捕捉できないので, このファイルについては処理を終了します %s: 追加用ファイル記述子には shred できません %s: 非ブロッキングモードを再設定できませんでした %s: ファイル終了 (EOF) %s: 等価クラス演算子は一つの文字でなければなりません %s: 数値による指定をして下さい %s: ファイルが負の大きさになっています %s: ファイルが長すぎます %s: ファイルが切り詰められました %s: 入力にループが含まれています: %s: 入力ファイルが出力ファイルが同じファイルです %s: 無効なプロセス番号です %s: 無変化の状態の最大数が無効です %s: 無効な番号です %s: 無効なバイト数表記です %s: 無効な行数表記です %s: 無効な秒数です %s: 無効なオプション -- '%c'
%s: 無効なパターン指定です %s: 無効な正規表現です: %s %s: 接尾辞の長さが正しくありません %s: 行番号はゼロより大きい数でなければなりません %s: 範囲外の行番号 %s: 複数のシグナルが指定されています %s: %s チェックサムとして適切な書式の行がありません %s: このデバイスのサイズ情報がありません %s: オプション '%c%s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '%s' は曖昧です
%s: オプション '--%s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '-W %s' は引数を取ることができません
%s: オプション '-W %s' は曖昧です
%s: オプションには引数が必要です -- '%c'
%s: %s を上書きしてもよろしいですか(yes/no)? %s: 経過 %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: 経過 %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: 読み込みエラー %s: 削除しました %s: 削除します %s: %s を置き換えますか(yes/no)? %s: 要求された処理の全てを実行することができません %s: オプション '%c%s' を認識できません
%s: オプション '--%s' を認識できません
%s: 値は完全には変換されていません %s}: `{' と `}' の間には整数値が必要です ' (C) , 平均負荷率: %.2f <内部> (不明)
ホスト名に対する Address family がサポートされていません。 Alarm clock 長いオプションに必須の引数は短いオプションにも必須です.
すべての要求が完了しました 引数バッファが小さすぎます Broken pipe バスエラー コメント CPU時間制限を超過しました 実効ユーザ ID およびグループ ID を USER のものに変更.
-, -l, --login シェルをログインシェルに
-c, --command=COMMAND 単一の COMMAND を -c 付きのシェルに渡す
-f, --fast -f をシェルに渡す (csh または tcsh 用)
-m, --preserve-environment 環境変数を再設定しない
-p -m と同じ
-s, --shell=SHELL /etc/shells が許せば SHELL を実行
子プロセス終了 継続 各々のファイル内のタブをスペースに変換し, 標準出力に書き出します.
ファイルの指定がなかったり, `-'であった場合, 標準入力から読み込みます.
SOURCE から DEST へ、或いは FILE (複数可)を DIRECTORY へコピーする。
標準入力を各々のファイルにコピーし, 標準出力にも出力.
-a, --append 指定されたファイルに追加し, 上書きしない
-i, --ignore-interrupts 割込みシグナルを無視
与えられた `名前' で名前付きパイプ (FIFO) を作成する。
ディレクトリを作成する。ただし既にディレクトリがあれば何もしない。
与えられた TYPE のスペシャルファイル NAME を作成する。
David MacKenzie 終了 式によって決められた状態で終了.
失敗 ファイルサイズ制限を超過しました 強制的にディスクを変更されたブロックに変更し、スーパーブロックを更新する。
GNU ソフトウェアを使用する際の一般的なヘルプ:
Hangup 待機 Illegal instruction 実名: Interrupt シグナル割り込みが発生しました 無効な文字クラス名です \{\} の中身が無効です 無効な正規表現です Killed 端末 ログイン ログイン名: 長いオプションに必須の引数は短いオプションにも必須です.
メモリ配置失敗 メモリを使い果たしました 名前 名前またはサービスが不明です ホスト名にアドレスが割り当てられていません 一致しません 以前に正規表現がありません 名前解決でリカバリできない失敗が発生しました 完了 入力ファイルに含まれる単語の索引を並べ替え, 前後を含めて出力.
環境変数 LS_COLORS の定義するためのコマンドを出力します。
出力フォーマットの決定:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell Bourne シェル形式で LS_COLORS を出力する
-c, --csh, --c-shell C シェル形式で LS_COLORS を出力する
-p, --print-database デフォルト値を標準出力に表示する
ファイルに従い, 現在ログインしているユーザを表示.
ファイルが指定されていなければ %s を使用.
ファイルとして %s が指定されると, これまでの累積データを表示.
指定されたファイルに対して上書きを繰り返し、非常に高価な機械でさえも
データ復元の為の調査を行う事が非常に困難となるようにします。
PID 印字のために, ページ付けや段組を行ないます.
パラメーター文字列が正しくエンコードされていません パスワード: プラン:
電源エラー CRC チェックサムと各々のファイルのバイト数を表示.
パス名からディレクトリ部分を取りのぞいた名前を表示します。
指定があれば、末尾の接尾辞も取り除きます。
パス名からディレクトリ名を切り出す. パス名にディレクトリが含まれない場合
カレントディレクトリと見なして `.' を出力する.
ターミナル属性の表示, 変更.
-a, --all 現在のすべての設定を人間に読める形式で出力
-g, --save 現在のすべての設定を別の stty が読める形式で出力
-F, --file=デバイス 標準入力の代わりに指定されたデバイスを使用
ファイルの各行から選択した部分だけを切り出して, 標準出力に表示します.
標準入力に接続されている端末のファイル名を出力.
-s, --silent, --quiet 何も表示しない, 終了状態だけを返す
現在の作業ディレクトリのフルパス名を表示.
各々の FILE の最後の %d 行を標準出力に書き出します.
複数の FILE が指定された場合は, ファイル名がヘッダ情報として出力されます.
FILE が指定されないか, FILE が - の場合は, 標準入力が読まれます.
現在のユーザの名前を表示.
要求された処理は実行中です プロファイリングタイマーが終了しました プロジェクト: Quit リアルタイムシグナル %d 正規表現が大きすぎます ファイル名の変更、もしくは複数のファイルをディレクトリへ移動します。
指定された全ての文字列または `y' からなる行を繰り返し出力.
%s のバグは <%s> に報告してください。
要求がキャンセルされました 要求がキャンセルされませんでした Richard M. Stallman ルートディレクトリを NEWROOT に設定してコマンドを実行.
Segmentation fault プロセスにシグナルを送信, またはシグナルを一覧表示.
問題を回避するために LC_ALL='C' を指定してください. シェル: Simon Josefsson 停止 停止 (シグナル) 停止 (tty 入力) 停止 (tty 出力) 成功 ファイル毎のディスク使用量を集計する。ディレクトリは再帰的に処理する。
システムエラー 時間 名前解決に一時的に失敗しました Terminated 比較した文字列は %s と %s です. Torbjorn Granlund 詳しくは `%s --help' を実行して下さい.
不明なエラー 不明なシグナル %d 不明なシステムエラー ( または \( が不一致です ) または \) が不一致です [ または [^ が不一致です \{ が不一致です 使用法: %s 名前 [接尾辞]
または: %s オプション
使用法: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
または: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
または: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
使用法: %s [ファイル]...
または: %s [オプション]
使用法: %s [ホスト名]
もしくは: %s オプション
現在のシステムのホスト名を表示または設定.
使用法: %s [オプション] [ファイル]
ファイル中の順序にしたがって, 全てを順序化して出力します.
ファイルが指定されない, もしくはファイルが - の場合は標準入力を読み込みます.
使用法: %s [オプション]... ファイル パターン...
使用法: %s [オプション]... ファイル1 ファイル2
使用法: %s [オプション]... SET1 [SET2]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [+フォーマット]
もしくは: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [ファイル]
ファイルまたは標準入力を Base64 エンコード・デコードして標準出力に出力します。
使用法: %s [オプション]... [ファイル]...
使用法: %s [オプション]... [入力元 [出力先]]
使用法: %s [オプション]... [入力元]... (-G なし)
又は: %s -G [オプション]... [入力元 [出力先]]
ユーザー定義シグナル1 ユーザー定義シグナル2 有効な引数: 仮想タイマーが終了しました 警告: 開始時刻 ログイン元 ファイルの各行の折り返しを行い, 結果を標準出力に書き込みます.
ファイル毎に行を逆順にして標準出力に書き込みます
FILE が指定されないか FILE として - が指定された場合, 標準入力を読み込みます
指定したそれぞれのファイルに行番号を付け足して, 標準出力に書き込みます.
ファイルの指定が無いか, `-' を指定した場合には, 標準入力を読み込みます.
FILE の各行から, 一致する行をタブ文字で区切り, 順に標準出力に書き込みます.
FILE が指定されない, あるいは `-' を指定した場合には標準入力を読み込みます.
作者 %s および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 および他の方々。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、 %s、
および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
%s、および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、 %s、
および %s。
作者 %s、 %s、および %s。
作者 %s。
置換の時には, 2 つ目の文字列中で [=c=] 形式の表現はできません ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `--pages=開始ページ[:終了ページ]' 指定がありません (引数を持つ) コマンドを与えなくてはなりません %s にアクセス中 ai_family はサポートされていません ai_socktype はサポートされていません `%2$s' に対する引数 %1$s が曖昧です %s をバックアップすると元ファイルが壊れます -- %s をコピーしませんでした %s をバックアップすると元ファイルが壊れます -- %s を移動しませんでした バックアップタイプ ブロックスペシャルファイル 両方のファイルを標準入力にはできません 合計と全エントリの表示の両方を、一度に指定することはできません %s のパーミッションを変更できません -l または -t とシグナルを組み合わせることができません U+%04X をローカル文字セットに変換できません U+%04X をローカル文字セット %s に変換できません 循環するシンボリックリンク %s はコピーできません ディレクトリ %s を作成できません ホスト名を特定できません ハードリンクもシンボリックリンクも作成できません %s を 読み込み用でオープンできません 書式設定を行った出力を実行することができません 標準の形式では, 名前または ID だけを表示することはできません 実時間の時計を読み取ることができません %s に対するファイルポインタを再配置できません 日時を設定できません ホスト名を設定できません; このシステムは機能的に不足しています 入力の終端を越えて読みとばす事はできません 複数の分割方法は指定できません %s を stat できません %s のグループを %s に変更しました
%s の所有者を %s に変更しました
%s の所有権を変更中 文字のオフセットがゼロです 範囲外の文字 キャラクタスペシャルファイル 時刻の変更 クローズ失敗 %s を閉じています (fd=%d) 出力ファイル %s をクローズ 標準入力を閉じています ブート時刻を得られませんでした ディレクトリ ゼロでの割り算 ファイルクローズエラー 正規表現による検索中のエラー %s の読み込みエラー %s の書き込みエラー 終了= 余分な演算子 %s %s のグループを %s に変更できませんでした
%s のモードを %04lo (%s) に変更できませんでした
%s の属性情報を取得できませんでした %s をモード %s で再度開くことに失敗しました 初期作業ディレクトリに戻るのに失敗しました フィールド番号がゼロです fifo %s 形式ファイルシステムが選択/非選択の両方で指定されました getpass: /dev/tty を開けません %s の新たな属性情報を取得中 %s のグループは %s のまま保留されました
iconv 関数が有効ではありません iconv 関数が使えません ID= 環境変数 TABSIZE の値(%s) が不適切なタブサイズなので無視します 環境変数 QUOTING_STYLE の値(%s)が不適切なので無視します 環境変数 COLUMNS の値(%s) が不適切な行幅なので無視します パスワードが違います 入力が無くなりました `%2$s' に対する引数 %1$s が間違っています バイト数もしくはフィールドの範囲指定が間違っています 末尾の変換修飾子が無効です: %c 末尾の変換修飾子が無効です: \%.3o グループ指定が不正 無効な入力 `,' の後の数字が正しくありません `-' の後の数字が正しくありません `.' の後の数字が正しくありません フィールドの開始点の数字が正しくありません バイト数の指定が正しくありません 比較するバイト数の指定が無効です スキップするバイト数の指定が無効です スキップするフィールド数の指定が無効です 行数の指定が正しくありません 無効な出力アドレスの基数 `%c' が指定されました
-- doxn のいずれかを指定してください ユーザ指定が不正 無効な折り返し列数: %s %s に関して再帰的に操作することは危険です %s に関して再帰的に操作することは危険です (%s も同様) 最後= メモリを使い果たしました メッセージキュー [:upper:] と [:lower:] との構成が一致しません 末尾の %% 変換修飾子が無効です 文字クラス名がありません `[::]' 末尾の変換修飾子が指定されていません 等価クラスの文字がありません `[==]' エスケープ中に16進数の数値がありません フィールドのリストがありません 位置指定リストがありません オペランドがありません %s のモードを %04lo (%s) に変更しました
%s のモードは %04lo (%s) として保留されました
-l または -t オプションが複数指定されています シンボリックリンク %s もその参照先も変更されませんでした
環境変数 SHELL が定義されておらず、シェル型のオプションも与えられていません 何もファイルは残っていません 文字列ダンプ時の型は指定できません tty ではありません バイト数 行数 [c*] 繰り返し回数指定は, 2 つめの文字列中では 1 つだけ利用できません 切り出し方として指定できるのは 1 種類だけです オープン失敗 %s の所有者は %s のまま保留されました
ページ幅が狭すぎます %s のパーミッションを保存しています %s のタイムスタンプを保存中 全ての重複行と繰り返し回数を表示することに意味がありません 範囲指定 `%s-%s' の端点が逆順に指定されています 読み込みエラー 読込み失敗 通常の空ファイル 通常ファイル run-level セマフォ 区切り文字が空であってはなりません 問題を回避するために LC_ALL='C' を指定してください。 %s のパーミッションを設定します %s のタイムスタンプを設定中 共有メモリオブジェクト ソケット 標準エラー 標準入力 標準入力が閉じられています 標準出力 状態検知失敗 標準エラー出力 標準入力 標準出力 フィールド指定に使えない文字があります 文字列の比較に失敗 文字列の変換に失敗しました 区切られていない行の抑制が有効なのは,
フィールドを指定して実行するときだけです シンボリックリンク タブサイズは0(ゼロ)にできません タブサイズの指定は昇順でなければなりません 端末= --binary と --text オプションはチェックサムの確認時には無意味です --status オプションはチェックサムの確認時のみ意味を持ちます --warn オプションはチェックサムの確認時のみ意味を持ちます 置換を行なう場合 [c*] は, 2 つ目の文字列でのみ利用できます [c*] 繰り返し回数指定は, 1 つ目の文字列中では利用できません 区切り文字に指定できるのは 1 文字だけです 表示オプションと設定オプションは同時に指定できません 変換前の文字列は %s です 末尾の %% 変換修飾子が多すぎます 合計 エラーメッセージを表示できません 現在の作業ディレクトリを記録することができません 不明なストリーム 環境変数 LS_COLORS の値を解釈できません %s というユーザは存在しません 制限付きシェル %s を使います 警告: %s: 文字定数の後の文字が無視されました 警告: --pid=PID はこのシステムではサポートされていません 警告: PID は無視されます. --pid=PID は --follow (-f) を指定している場合のみ意味があります 警告: 幅 %lu は無効な値です. -- 代わりに %d を使用します 警告: コピー元ファイル %s が複数指定されました 警告: 統計(-s)と -max-depth=0 は同じ用法です 警告: lseek のカーネルバグに対処します。
ファイル (%s) の mt_type=0x%0lx -- のタイプリストを見て下さい 不明なファイル SET1 を切り捨てるのではない場合は, 2 つめの文字列を指定しなければなりません 出力形式を指定した場合, モードを設定してはいけません 補集合文字クラスで置換を行なうとき, 2 つ目の文字列は該当する文字の全ての
置換結果を特定できなければなりません 置換の時, 2 つめの文字列中で利用できる文字クラスは, 大文字と小文字だけです たった今作成した %s には %s で上書きしません 書き込みエラー 書き込み失敗 バイト, 文字, もしくはフィールドのリストを指定してください usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00001152346 15100214741 0014473 0 ustar 00 0 - Y w
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L z q ! o W x G F > u d { + / \ D p F e X / 4 $ 5 k ^ w e Z + N 9 % J x w 2 3 Z w f j Z e $ L R | A 1 g > ^ + " 3 Z =
] [ s $ ` ' \ tx x x x x x y y 4y Py ly y y y y y z (z = ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
-t is implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read
standard input.
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If MODE is `0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
If MODE is `L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered.
This option is invalid with standard input.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
If the command times out, then exit with status 124. Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND. If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout. The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal. For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams (`tee' does
for e.g.) then that will override corresponding settings changed by `stdbuf'.
Also some filters (like `dd' and `cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O,
and are thus unaffected by `stdbuf' settings.
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note that the -r and -s options are mutually exclusive.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.
You may want to sort the input first, or use `sort -u' without `uniq'.
Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.
BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each
output line.
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1',
or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.
PID is an integer; if negative it identifies a process group.
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters:
`+' extend by, `-' reduce by, `<' at most, `>' at least,
`/' round down to multiple of, `%' round up to multiple of.
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The following three options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--quiet don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status don't output anything, status code shows success
-w, --warn warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination
locations you choose. If you want to download and install a ready-to-use
package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to
the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.
In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.
-t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of
SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to
expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may
only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not
translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after
translation or deletion.
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line
-w, --words print the word counts
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--pid=PID with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent never output headers giving file names
--retry keep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by
name, i.e., with --follow=name
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--suffix=SUFF append SUFF to TEMPLATE. SUFF must not contain slash.
This option is implied if TEMPLATE does not end in X.
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
--all print the number of installed processors
--ignore=N if possible, exclude N processing units
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% -evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, all special
characters to their default values
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g, 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'. More info below
-d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
separate columns by STRING,
without -S: Default separator with -J and
otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options
-t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --bytes=K output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K
to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K bytes of each file
-n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K lines of each file
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-e, --echo treat each ARG as an input line
-i, --input-range=LO-HI treat each number LO through HI as an input line
-n, --head-count=COUNT output at most COUNT lines
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (redundant if
the -n option is used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages
-s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical make hard links to symbolic link references
-n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a
directory as if it were a normal file
-P, --physical make hard links directly to symbolic links
-s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2
(default end of line)
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63)
-m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --lines=K output the last K lines, instead of the last %d;
or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default %d) iterations
to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
(this is the usual case of rotated log files)
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p DIR use DIR as a prefix; implies -t [deprecated]
-t interpret TEMPLATE as a single file name component,
relative to a directory: $TMPDIR, if set; else the
directory specified via -p; else /tmp [deprecated]
-p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is
similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this FILE's size
-s, --size=SIZE use this SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --sleep-interval=N with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
(default 1.0) between iterations
-v, --verbose always output headers giving file names
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w
-s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number on each logical page
-w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with a remote file. giving up on this name %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid number to ignore %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create a temporary file or directory, safely, and print its name.
TEMPLATE must contain at least 3 consecutive `X's in last component.
If TEMPLATE is not specified, use tmp.XXXXXXXXXX, and --tmpdir is implied.
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EMT trap EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),
writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.
Floating point exception For complete documentation, run: info coreutils '%s invocation'
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Information request Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Option --string without a number implies 3; option --width without a number
implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t oS -w16.
Ordering options:
Other options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE.
-r use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME,
or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.
The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.
Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Report %s translation bugs to
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment
Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost.
If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole)
reads as zero bytes.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1
-d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character
that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence
of that character
-t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h
is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to
change the times of the file associated with standard output.
Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when the source is a symbolic link, defaulting to %s.
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead WARNING: --preserve_context is deprecated; use --preserve-context instead WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --context (-Z); this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both SI and IEC prefixes present on units both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot remove directory: %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error initializing month strings error monitoring inotify event error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple delimiters specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --context (-Z) option is obsolete and will be removed
in a future release the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the argument %s lacks a leading `+';
when using an option to specify date(s), any non-option
argument must be a format string beginning with `+' the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown binary operator unknown status from command (0x%X) unknown stream unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using arbitrary-precision arithmetic using restricted shell %s using single-precision arithmetic waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the --%s option is obsolete; use --reference warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify one of %s or %s Project-Id-Version: coreutils-8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-22 09:44+0100
Last-Translator: Stéphane Raimbault
Language-Team: French
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);
( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION est vraie
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION est fausse
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 si les deux EXPRESSION1 et EXPRESSION2
sont vraies
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 si l'une ou l'autre des expressions,
EXPRESSION1 ou EXPRESSION2 est vraie
--check-order vérifie que l'entrée est correctement triée, même
si toutes les lignes en entrée sont appairées
--nocheck-order ne vérifie pas que l'entrée est correctement triée
-1 supprime la colonne 1 (lignes uniques de FILE1)
-2 supprime la colonne 2 (lignes uniques de FILE2)
-3 supprime la colonne 3 (lignes présentes dans les 2 fichiers)
-a, --all identique à -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot affiche l'heure du dernier démarrage système
-d, --dead affiche la liste des processus morts
-H, --heading affiche les en-têtes de colonne des lignes
-b FILE FILE existe et est un bloc spécial
-c FILE FILE existe et est un caractère spécial
-d FILE FILE existe et est un répertoire
-e FILE FILE existe
-l afficher en format long
-b omettre le répertoire d'attache de l'utilisateur
et son shell en format long
-h omettre le fichier de projet de l'utilisateur en
format long
-p omettre le fichier de plan de l'utilisateur en
format long
-n STRING la longueur de STRING n'est pas nulle
STRING équivalent à -n STRING
-z STRING la longueur de STRING est nulle
STRING1 = STRING2 les chaînes sont identiques
STRING1 != STRING2 les chaînes sont différentes
ARG1 * ARG2 produit arithmétique de ARG1 et ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 quotient arithmétique de ARG1 divisé par ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 reste arithmétique ARG1 divisé par ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 somme arithmétique de ARG1 et ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 différence arithmétique entre ARG1 et ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 si inférieur à ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 si inférieur ou égal à ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 si égal à ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 si différent de ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 si supérieur ou égal à ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 si supérieur à ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 et FILE2 ont les mêmes numéros de périphérique
et d'inode
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 est plus récent (date de modification) que FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 est plus ancien que FILE2
INTEGER copie jusqu'à mais sans inclure le nombre de lignes indiqué
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copie jusqu'à mais sans inclure une ligne correspondante
%%REGEXP%%[OFFSET] ignore jusqu'à, mais sans inclure une ligne correspondante
{INTEGER} répéte le motif précédent un nombre de fois
{*} répéte le motif précédent le plus souvent possible
Une ligne OFFSET requiert un « + » ou un « - » suivi d'un entier positif.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 est égal à INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 est plus grand ou égal à INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 est plus grand que INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 est plus petit ou égal à INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 est plus petit que INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 n'est pas égal à INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP motif d'ancrage de concordance de REGEXP dans STRING
match STRING REGEXP identique à STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH sous-chaîne de STRING, POS débute à 1
index STRING CHARS index dans STRING où un des CHARS a été trouvé,
sinon 0
length STRING longueur de STRING
a numérote toutes les lignes
t numérote seulement les lignes non vides
n numérote n lignes
pBRE numérote seulement les lignes ayant une concordance avec l'expression
régulière de base, BRE
FORMAT doit être choisi parmi :
ln justifié à gauche, sans zéro en préfixe
rn justifié à droite, sans zéro en préfixe
rz justifié à droite, avec zéros en préfixe
b crée un fichier spécial de type bloc (avec tampon)
c, u crée un fichier spécial de type caractère (sans tampon)
p crée un FIFO
# utilisateurs=%lu
-t est implicite si PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit
l'entrée standard.
Un champ est une suite de blancs (souvent des espaces et/ou tabulations), suivi
de caractères non-blancs. Les champs avant les caractères sont ignorés.
Une version allégée du programme « finger »; afficher les informations relatives à un utilisateur.
Le fichier utmp sera %s.
Un simple - implique -i. Si aucune COMMAND n'est fournie, affiche
l'environnement résultant.
Un tiret - implique -l. Si l'argument USER n'est pas fourni, utilise « root »
Après chaque drapeau suit un champ optionnel de largeur, sous la forme
d'un nombre décimal ainsi que modificateur optionnel tel que :
E pour utiliser la représentation locale alternative si disponible, ou
O pour utiliser la représentation locale alternative de symboles numériques si
disponible.
Une EXPRESSION omise est par défaut fausse. Autrement, l'EXPRESSION est vraie
ou fausse et initialise l'état de fin d'exécution. Une parmi :
Un cas spécial où « cp » archive SOURCE lorsque les options « force » et
« backup » sont utilisées et que SOURCE et DEST portent le même nom qu'un
fichier standard existant.
BLOCKS et BYTES peuvent être suivis des suffixes multiplicatifs suivants :
c = 1, w = 2, b = 512, kB = 1000, K = 1024, MB = 1000*1000, M = 1024*1024,
xM = M, GB = 1000 * 1000 * 1000, G = 1024*1024*1024 et ainsi de suite pour
T, P, E, Z et Y.
Chaque symbole CONV peut être :
Soyez vigilent au fait que plusieurs opérateurs peuvent être neutralisés ou
commentés par certains shells.
Les comparaisons sont arithmétiques si les deux arguments sont des nombres,
sinon elles sont lexicographiques.
Les concordances de motif retournent la chaîne trouvée si elle est
encapsulée entre \( et \) ou nul ; si \( et \) ne sont pas utilisés,
le nombre de caractères qui concordent est retourné ou 0 sinon.
À la fois MAJOR et MINOR doivent être spécifiés quand le TYPE est b, c ou u
et ils doivent être omis lorsque le TYPE est p. Si MAJOR et MINOR avec 0x
ou 0X, est fourni, ils sont interprétés en hexadécimal ; autrement, s'ils
débutent par 0, ils le sont en octal et autrement en décimal. Le TYPE peut
être :
Par défaut, rm ne supprime pas les répertoires. Utilisez l'option --recursive
(-r ou -R) pour supprimer les répertoires, ainsi que l'intégralité de leur
contenu.
Par défaut, sélectionne v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn.
CC se compose de deux caractères délimiteurs pour séparer les pages logiques,
un deuxième caractère manquant implique :.
Saisissez \\ pour \. STYLE est une des options parmi :
Par défaut, les fichiers SOURCE dispersés sont détectés par le biais
d'une heuristique grossière et le fichier DEST correspondant est aussi
construit de façon dispersée. Il s'agit du comportement sélectionné par
l'option --sparse=auto. Spécifiez --sparse=always pour créer un fichier
DEST dispersé lorsque le fichier SOURCE contient une assez longue séquence
d'octets de valeur zéro.
Utilisez --sparse=never pour inhiber la création de fichiers dispersés.
Paramètres de combinaison :
* [-]LCASE identique à [-]lcase
cbreak identique à -icanon
-cbreak identique à icanon
Paramètres de contrôle :
[-]clocal inhibe les signaux de contrôle du modem
[-]cread autorise la réception sur l'entrée
* [-]crtscts autorise RTS/CTS handshaking
csN initialise la taille des caractères à N bits,
N variant entre [5..8]
Les valeurs sont affichées selon les unités du premier SIZE parmi --block-size
et les variables d'environnement %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE.
Dans le cas contraire, les unités par défaut sont 1 024 octets (ou 512 si
POSIXLY_CORRECT est défini).
Chaque symbole FLAG peut être :
append mode d'ajout (n'a de sens que pour la sortie ; conv=notrunc suggéré)
Chaque MODE est de la forme « [ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+ ».
Exemples :
%s -12 file1 file2 affiche seulement les lignes présentes à la fois dans
file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 affiche les lignes dans file1 qui ne sont pas dans file2,
et vice versa.
Exemples :
%s /usr/bin/sort Résultat « sort ».
%s include/stdio.h .h Résultat « stdio ».
Exemples :
%s /usr/bin/sort sortie « /usr/bin ».
%s stdio.h sortie « . ».
Exemples :
%s f - g affiche le contenu de f, puis l'entrée standard et ensuite le
contenu de g.
%s copie l'entrée standard vers la sortie standard.
Exemples :
%s root /u change le propriétaire de /u en « root ».
%s root:staff /u idem mais change aussi son groupe en « staff ».
%s -hR root /u change le propriétaire de /u et des sous-fichiers en
« root ».
Exemples :
%s staff /u change le groupe de /u en « staff ».
%s -hR staff /u change le groupe de /u et des sous-fichiers en « staff ».
Excepté pour -h et -L, tous les tests relatifs aux fichiers déréférence les
liens symboliques. Prenez soin de neutraliser les parenthèses (p. ex., avec des
barres obliques inverses) dans un shell.
INTEGER peut être -l STRING, qui évalue alors la longueur de la chaîne.
Le code de sortie est 0 si l'EXPRESSION est soit nulle ou 0, 1 si l'EXPRESSION
est nulle ou 0, 2 si l'EXPRESSION est syntaxiquement non valide et 3 si une
erreur est survenue.
Statut de sortie :
0 si OK,
1 si problème mineur (p. ex. impossible d'accéder à un sous-répertoire),
2 si problème majeur (p. ex. impossible d'accéder à un argument de ligne de
commande).
FORMAT contrôle la sortie comme la fonction printf() en C. Les séquences
interprétées sont :
\" guillemets
FORMAT contrôle l'affichage. Les séquences interprétées sont :
%% un caractère %
%a les noms abrégés des jours de la semaine (p. ex. lun.)
Prend en charge la ligne « tty » reliée à l'entrée standard. En l'absence
d'argument, affiche la vitesse, la discipline de ligne et les modifications
appliquées par « stty sane ». Dans les paramètres, CHAR est pris littéralement,
ou codé comme ^c, 0x37, 0177 ou 127 ; les valeurs spéciales comme ^- ou
indéfinies sont utilisées pour inhiber les caractères spéciaux.
Si -e est effectif, les séquences suivantes sont reconnues :
Si FILE est -, broie à partir de l'entrée standard.
Supprime FILE si --remove (-u) est spécifié. Par défaut, les fichiers ne sont
supprimés car il est commun d'opérer sur le fichier du périphérique tel que
/dev/hda, et habituellement ces fichiers ne sont pas supprimés. Sur des fichiers
standards, la majorité des gens utilise l'option --remove.
Si FILE n'est pas spécifié, utilise %s. %s en tant que FILE est usuel.
Si ARG1 ARG2 sont renseignés, -m est supposé, « am i » ou « mom likes » sont
usuels.
Si FILE est fourni, le lire pour déterminer les couleurs à utiliser pour les
types de fichiers et les extensions. Autrement, la base de données précompilée
sera utilisée. Pour les détails sur le format de ces fichiers, exécutez
« dircolors --print-database ».
Si FIRST ou INCREMENT est omis, la valeur 1 est utilisée par défaut. La valeur
INCREMENT par défaut est 1 même lorsque LAST est plus petit que FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT et LAST sont interprétés en notation flottante.
INCREMENT est habituellement positif si FIRST est plus petit que LAST, et
INCREMENT est habituellement négatif si FIRST est plus grand que LAST.
Si MODE est « 0 », le flux correspondant ne sera pas mis en tampon.
Si MODE est « L », le flux correspondant utilisera une mise en tampon par ligne.
Cette option est non valide avec l'entrée standard.
Si FILE est -, copie à nouveau sur la sortie standard.
Si les formats du 1er et du second appel s'appliquent, le 2e format est retenu
si le dernier opérande débute par + ou (si il y a 2 opérandes) un chiffre.
Un opérande de décalage signifie -j OFFSET. LABEL est la pseudo adresse
affichée dès le 1er octet, incrémentée lorsque le vidage mémoire s'effectue.
Pour OFFSET et LABEL, un préfixe 0x ou 0X indique de l'hexadécimal ;
les suffixes peuvent être . pour l'octal et b pour multiple de 512.
Si aucune commande n'est fournie, exécute « ${SHELL} -i » (par défaut /bin/sh).
Si l'entrée standard est un terminal, la redirige depuis /dev/null.
Si l'entrée standard est un terminal, ajoute si possible la sortie à
« nohup.out » ou à « $HOME/nohup.out » sinon.
Si le fichier standard d'erreur est un terminal, la redirige sur la sortie
standard.
Pour enregistrer la sortie dans FILE, utilisez « %s COMMAND > FILE ».
Si la commande dépasse le temps imparti, alors quitte avec le statut 124,
sinon quite avec le statut de COMMAND. Si aucun signal n'est spécifié, le
signal TERM est envoyé à l'expiration. Le signal TERM tuera tous les processus
qui n'attrapent pas ce signal. Pour les autres processus, il peut être
nécessaire d'utiliser le signal KILL(9), puisque ce signal ne peut être
capturé.
Si le premier caractère de K (le nombre d'octets ou de lignes) est un « + »,
affiche à partir du Ke éléments depuis le début de chaque fichier, autrement,
affiche les K derniers éléments du fichier. K peut avoir un suffixe
multiplicateur :
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024 et ainsi de suite pour T, P, E, Z, Y.
Paramètres d'entrée :
[-]brkint break provoque un signal d'interruption
[-]icrnl transforme le retour de chariot en saut de ligne
[-]ignbrk ignore les caractères break
[-]igncr ignore le retour de chariot
K peut avoir un suffixe multiplicateur :
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, et ainsi de suite pour T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+ : GNU GPL version 3 ou ultérieure
Ceci est logiciel libre, vous êtes libre de le modifier et de le redistribuer.
Ce logiciel n'est accompagné d'ABSOLUMENT AUCUNE GARANTIE, dans les limites
autorisees par la loi applicable.
Paramètres locaux :
[-]crterase écho du caractère « erase » comme séquence
retour arrière-espace-retour arrière
* crtkill supprime toute ligne en respectant les paramètres « echoprt » et
« echoe »
* -crtkill supprime toute ligne en respectant les paramètres « echoctl » et
« echok »
Note : si COMMAND ajuste la mise en tampon de ses flux standard (comme « tee »
par exemple) alors cela va surdéfinir les paramètres correspondant modifiés par
« stdbuf ».
Certains filtres (comme « dd » ou « cat », etc) n'utilisent par les flux pour
les E/S, et donc ne sont pas affectés par les paramètres de « stdbuf ».
NOTE : [ reconnaît les options --help et --version, mais test ne le fait pas.
test traite chacun de ceux-ci comme il traite n'importe quelle STRING non vide.
NOTE : votre shell peut avoir sa propre version de %s, lequel habituellement
remplace la version décrite ici. Consultez la documentation de votre shell pour
les détails concernant les options prises en charge.
Notez que les options -d et -t acceptent différents formats de date et d'heure.
Notez que les options -r et -s sont mutuellement exclusives.
Note, les comparaisons honorent les règles définies par « LC_COLLATE ».
Note : « uniq » ne détecte pas les lignes répétées à moins qu'elles soient
adjacentes. Il est possible de trier l'entrée en premier, ou d'utiliser
« sort -u » sans « uniq ».
Les comparaisons respectent les rêgles définies par « LC_COLLATE ».
Un « - » optionnel avant SETTINGS indique une négation. Un * indique des
paramètres non-POSIX. Le système sous-jacent détermine les paramètres
applicables.
Dans les autres cas, MODE est un nombre qui peut être suivi par KB 1000, K 1024,
MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024 et ainsi de suite pour G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Dans ce cas, le flux correspondant sera complètement mis en tampon avec une
tampon définit à MODE octets.
Paramètres de sortie :
* bsN style du délai de retour arrière, N parmi [0..1]
* crN style du délai du retour de chariot, N parmi [0..3]
* ffN style du délai du saut de page, N parmi [0..1]
* nlN style du délai du saut de ligne, N parmi [0..1]
Le propriétaire n'est pas modifié si manquant. Le groupe n'est pas modifié si
manquant, mais changé en groupe de connexion si un « : » suit un symbolique
OWNER (propriétaire).
Le OWNER et le GROUP peuvent être numériques ou symboliques.
POS est F[.C][OPTS], où F est le numéro de champ et C la position du caractère
dans le champ ; chacun à origine 1. Si ni -t ni -b est actif, les caractères d'un
champs sont comptés depuis le début de l'espace précédant. OPTS se compose d'une
option de tri d'une ou plusieurs lettres simples, laquelle écrase
l'ordonnancement global pour cette clé. Si aucune clé n'est donnée,
la ligne entière est utilisée comme clé.
SIZE peut être suivi d'un des suffixes multiplicatifs suivants :
Affiche la valeur de EXPRESSION sur la sortie standard. Une ligne vide en
dessous sépare les groupes de précédence croissante. L'EXPRESSION peut être :
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 si non nul ou 0 autrement ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 si aucun des arguments est nul ou 0 autrement 0
RADIX est d pour décimal, o pour octal, x pour hexadécimal ou n pour aucun.
BYTES est hexadécimal préfixé par 0x ou 0X, et peut avoir un suffixe
multiplicateur :
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
L'ajout du suffixe « z » à l'un de ces types affiche des caractères imprimables
à la fin de chaque ligne de résultat.
Lit de l'entrée standard si le FILE est -. Chaque PATTERN peut être :
Signalez les anomalies de « %s » à <%s>
Signalez les anomalies : <%s>
Signalez les problèmes de traduction :
Les ENSEMBLES sont spécifiés comme des chaînes de caractères.
La plupart se représente eux-mêmes.
Les séquences d'interprétation sont les suivantes :
\NNN caractère ayant la valeur octale NNN (1 à 3 chiffres octaux)
\\ barre oblique inverse
\a alerte sonore
\b retour arrière
\f saut de page
\n saut de ligne
\r retour
\t saut horizontal
SIGNAL peut être un nom de signal comme « HUP » ou un numéro de signal comme
« 1 », ou un statut de fin d'un processus terminé par un signal.
PID est un entier, si négatif il identifie un groupe de processus.
SIZE est un nombre. Le TYPE est soit d, o, u ou x, SIZE peut aussi être C pour
sizeof(char), S pour sizeof(short), I pour sizeof(int) ou L pour sizeof(long).
Si le TYPE est f, SIZE peut aussi être F pour sizeof(float), D pour
sizeof(double) ou L pour sizeof(long double).
SIZE peut aussi être préfixé par un de ces caractères modificateurs :
« + » agrandit de, « - » réduit de, « < » au maximum, « > » au minimum,
« / » arrondi au multiple inférieur de, « % » arrondi au multiple supérieur de.
SIZE peut être (ou un entier optionnellement suivi par) l'une des valeurs
suivantes : kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024 et ainsi de suite pour
G, T, P, E, Z et Y.
L'envoi du signal %s vers le processus « dd » actif provoque
l'écriture des statistiques sur la sortie d'erreur standard
puis la copie reprend.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 enregistrements lus
18335302+0 enregistrements écrits
9387674624 octets (9.4 Go) copiés, 34.6279 secondes, 271 Mo/s
Les options sont :
Caractères spéciaux :
* dsusp CHAR CHAR émettra un signal d'arrêt de terminal une fois le tampon
d'entrée vidé
eof CHAR CHAR émettra une fin de fichier (pour arrêter l'entrée)
eol CHAR CHAR arrêtera la ligne
Paramètres spéciaux :
N initialise les vitesses d'entrée et de sortie à N bauds
* cols N indique au kernel que le terminal a N colonnes
* columns N identique à « cols N »
TYPE est composé d'une ou plusieurs des spécifications suivantes :
a caractère nommé, ignore le bit de poids le plus haut
c caractère ASCII ou barre oblique inversé protégée
Le suffixe d'archive est « ~ », sauf s'il est définit autrement avec --suffix ou
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. La méthode du contrôle de version peut être sélectionnée
par l'option --backup ou par la variable d'environnement VERSION_CONTROL.
Les valeurs sont les suivantes :
Les données sont codées comme décrit par l'alphabet base64 du RFC 3548.
Lors du décodage, l'entrée peut contenir des retours à la ligne en plus des
octets de l'alphabet base64 formel. Utilisez --ignore-garbage pour tenter de
récupérer tout autre octet non alphabétique dans le flux codé.
Les trois options suivantes sont utiles seulement lors de la vérification
des sommes de contrôle :
--quiet n'affiche pas OK à chaque vérification correcte de
fichier
--status n'affiche rien, sauf le code de statut indiquant le
succès
-w, --warn avertit en cas de lignes de contrôle mal formatées
Les sommes sont calculées selon %s. Lors de la vérification, l'entrée
devrait être formellement une sortie de ce programme. Le mode par défaut est
d'afficher la ligne avec la somme de contrôle, un caractère indiquant le type
(« * » pour binaire, « » pour texte) et un nom pour chaque FICHIER.
Le format valide pour les séquences de fichiers (sans --file-system) :
%a droits d'accès en octal
%A droits d'accès en format lisible par un humain
%b nombre de blocs alloués (voir %B)
%B la taille en octets de chaque bloc rapportée par %b
%C la chaîne de contexte de sécurité SELinux
Ce programme d'installation copie les fichiers (généralement compilés) dans la
destination que vous avez choisie. Si vous souhaitez télécharger et installer
un paquet prêt à l'emploi sur un système GNU/Linux, vous devez plutôt utiliser
un gestionnaire de paquets tel que yum (1) ou apt-get (1).
Dans les trois premiers formats, copie SOURCE vers DEST ou de plusieurs fichiers
SOURCE vers un DIRECTORY existant, tout en initialisant les modes de
protection et l'appartenance propriétaire/groupe.
Dans le 4e format, crée tous les composants des DIRECTORY spécifiés.
Pour supprimer un fichier dont le nom débute par « - », par exemple « -foo »,
utilisez une des commandes suivantes :
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Les spécifications de format traditionnel peuvent être entremêlées;
ils s'accumulent :
-a identique à -t a, sélectionne les caractères nommés, ignore le bit de
poids fort
-b identique à -t o1, sélectionne les octets en octal
-c identique à -t c, sélectionne les caractères ASCII ou les échappements
par barre oblique inverses
-d identique à -t u2, sélectionne les décimales non signées sur 2 octets
La conversion se fait si -d n'est pas donné et si à la fois, SET1 et SET2
apparaissent. -t peut être employé seulement en conversion. SET2 est adapté à
la longueur de SET1 par la répétition de son dernier caractère. Les caratères
en excédents de SET2 sont ignorés. Seulement [:lower:] et [:upper:] offre la
garantie de l'expansion dans l'ordre ascendant ; utilisé dans SET2 durant la
conversion, ils ne devraient être pas utilisés que par paires pour spécifier
le changement de casse. -s emploie SET1 s'il n'y a pas de conversion, ni de
suppression ; sinon la compression emploie SET2 et intervient après la
conversion et la suppression.
Utilisez un, et seulement un parmi -b, -c ou -f. Chaque LIST est fait d'un
intervalle, ou de plusieurs intervalles séparés par des virgules. L'entrée
sélectionnée est écrite dans le même ordre qu'elle est lue, et seulement une
fois.
L'utilisation de la couleur pour distinguer les types de fichier est désactivée
par défaut et avec --color=never (jamais). Avec color=auto, ls émet des codes
couleur seulement quand la sortie standard est connectée à un terminal. La
variable d'environnement LS_COLORS peut modifier les paramètres. Utilisez la
commande dircolors pour le définir.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard. « -F / » par défaut.
En l'absence de FILE ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Sans option, l'affichage s'effectue sur 3 colonnes. La première colonne
contient les lignes uniques de FILE1, la seconde contient les lignes uniques de
FILE2, et la troisième contient les lignes communes aux deux fichiers.
Sans aucune OPTION, affiche des informations utiles d'identification.
Affiche le contenu de FILE, selon une représentation non ambiguë,
par un affichage, par défaut, des octets en octal sur la sortie standard.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] archive chaque fichier de destination existant
-b identique à --backup mais n'accepte pas d'argument
-f, --force ne demande pas de confirmation avant d'écraser
-i, --interactive demande confirmation avant d'écraser
-n, --no-clobber n'écrase pas les fichiers existants
Si vous indiquez plusieurs options parmi -i, -f, -n, seulement la dernière sera
effective.
--backup[=CONTROL] archive chaque fichier existant de destination
-b identique à --backup mais n'accepte pas d'argument
-d, -F, --directory permet au super utilisateur de créer des liens
directs (hard) sur des répertoires (échouera
probablement en raisons de restrictions système
même pour le super utilisateur)
-f, --force supprime les fichiers de destination existants
--backup[=CONTROL] archive chaque fichier de destination
-b identique à --backup mais n'accepte pas d'argument
-c (ignoré)
-C, --compare compare chaque paire de fichiers source et
destination, et dans certains cas, ne modifie pas la
destination
-d, --directory traite tous les arguments comme des noms de répertoire ;
crée tous les composants des répertoires spécifiés
--batch-size=NMERGE fusionne au plus NMERGE entréeS à la fois;
pour plus, employez des fichiers temporaires
--block-size=SIZE utilise des blocs de SIZE octets. Voir le format de
SIZE ci-dessous.
-B, --ignore-backups n'inclut pas dans la liste, les entrées se
terminant par ~
-c avec -lt, affiche et tri selon ctime (date de
dernière modification provenant des informations de
statut du fichier)
avec -l, affiche ctime et tri selon le nom
autrement, tri selon ctime
--complement compléte le jeu des octets sélectionnés, caractères
ou champs
--files0-from=F lit l'entrée depuis les fichiers spécifiés par
des noms terminant par NUL depuis le fichier F
-L, --max-line-length affiche la longueur de la ligne la plus longue
-w, --words affiche le nombre de mots
--files0-from=F résume l'occupation disque des noms de fichiers
terminés par NUL, listés dans le fichier F ;
Si F est -, alors les noms sont lus de l'entrée standard
-H, équivalent à --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable affiche les tailles dans un format lisible par un humain\n
(par ex. 1K, 234M, ou 2G)
--si identique à -h mais utilise un multiple de 1 000 au lieu\n
de 1 024
--group-directories-first
regroupe les répertoires avant les fichiers.
augmente avec l'option a --sort, mais tout usage
de --sort=none (-U) inhibe le regroupement
--help affiche l'aide et quitte
--indicator-style=WORD ajoute un indicateur de type à chaque entrée, en
respectant le style indiqué par WORD :
« none » (aucun suffixe, par défaut),
« slash » (barre oblique, comme l'option -p),
« file-type » (type de fichier, comme --file-type)
ou « classify » (classé, commme l'option -F)
-i, --inode affiche le numéro d'index de chaque fichier
-I, --ignore=PATTERN ne liste pas les entrées implicites concordant avec
le PATTERN du shell
-k identique à --block-size=1K
--lookup utilise la forme canonique des noms d'hôte via DNS
-m seulement le nom d'hôte et d'utilisateur associé à stdin
-p, --process affiche la liste des processus lancés par init
--no-preserve-root ne traite pas « / » de manière spécifique
--preserve-root n'escamote pas « / » (par défaut)
-r, -R, --recursive supprime les répertoires et leur contenu récursivement
-v, --verbose explique ce qui va être fait
--no-preserve-root ne traite pas « / » de manière spéciale (par défaut)
--preserve-root bloque le traitement récursif sur « / »
--no-preserve-root ne traite pas « / » de manière spéciale (par défaut)
--preserve-root bloque le traitement récursif sur « / »
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST ne préserve pas les attributs spécifiques
--parents utilise le nom de fichier source complet sous
DIRECTORY
--one-file-system quand une hiérarchie est supprimée récursivement, ignore
tout répertoire qui est sur un système de fichiers différent
de celui de l'argument en question de la ligne de commande
--pid=PID avec -f, termine après le processus ID, PID s'arrête
-q, --quiet, --silent n'affiche jamais l'en-tête qui donne les noms de
fichiers
--retry continue d'essayer à ouvrir un fichier même quand il
est ou devient inaccessible ; utile quand le suivi
s'effecture par le nom, par ex., with --follow=nom
--preserve-context préserve le contexte de sécurité SELinux
-Z, --context=CONTEXT établit le contexte de sécurité SELinux des fichiers et répertoires
--reference=RFILE utilise le contexte de sécurité de RFILE au lieu de
spécifier une valeur CONTEXT
-R, --recursive opére récursivement sur les fichiers et répertoires
-v, --verbose affiche un diagnostic pour chaque fichier traité
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC affiche la date et l'heure selon le format RFC-3339.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', ou `ns' pour
la date et l'heure selon la précision voulue.
Les éléments date et heure sont séparés par
une simple espace, 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING initialise la date selon STRING
-u, --utc, --universal affiche ou initialise le système de temps universel
--sort=WORD tri selon WORD :
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort tri naturel des chiffres (de version) contenu dans
le texte
--strip-trailing-slashes enlève les « / » en suffixe de chacun
des arguments SOURCE
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX écrase le suffixe usuel d'archivage
--suffix=SUFF ajoute SUFF à TEMPLATE, SUFF ne doit pas contenir de barre
oblique. Cette option est utilisée si TEMPLATE ne termine
pas par un X.
--time affiche l'heure de la dernière modification de n'importe
quel fichier du répertoire ou des sous-répertoires
--time=WORD affiche l'heure comme WORD au lieu de l'heure de
modification : atime, access, use, ctime ou status.
--time-style=STYLE affiche l'heure en utilisant STYLE :
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT est interprété comme `date'
--time-style=STYLE avec -l, affiche les dates selon STYLE :
« full-iso », « long-iso », « iso », « locale »,
« +FORMAT ». FORMAT est interprété comme « date » ;
si FORMAT est FORMAT1FORMAT2,
FORMAT1 s'applique aux fichiers non récents et
FORMAT2 aux fichiers récents ;
si STYLE est préfixé par « posix- », STYLE prend
seulement effet en dehors de la localisation POSIX
--verbose affiche un diagnostic juste avant chaque ouverture de
fichier de sortie
--version affiche des informations de version et quitte
--all affiche le nombre de processeurs installés
--ignore=N si possible, exclus N unités de traitement
Taille Util. Disp. Uti% Inodes IUtil. ILib. IUti% Taille Uti. Disp. Uti% -evenp identique à -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase identique à xcase iuclc olcuc
litout identique à -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout identique à parenb istrip opost cs7
nl identique à -icrnl -onlcr
-nl identique à icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb utilise 2 bits d'arrêt par caractère (un avec « - »)
[-]hup émet un signal de déconnexion quand le dernier processus ferme
le lien tty
[-]hupcl identique à [-]hup
[-]parenb génère le bit de parité pour la sortie et traite l'entrée avec
un bit de parité implicite
[-]parodd utilise une parité impaire (paire avec « - »)
[-]ignpar ignore les caractères ayant des erreurs de parité
* [-]imaxbel émet un bip et ne vide pas le tampon d'entrée plein lors de
l'arrivée d'un caractère
[-]inlcr transforme le saut de ligne en retour de chariot
[-]inpck autorise la vérification de la parité à l'entrée
[-]istrip met à zéro le bit haut (8e) des caractères en entrée
[-]isig autorise les caractères spéciaux
« interrupt », « quit », et « suspend »
[-]noflsh désactive la vidange après réception des caractères
« interrupt » et « quit »
* [-]prterase identique à [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop arrête les tâches d'arrière plan qui essaient d'écrire sur le
terminal
* [-]xcase avec « icanon », protège les majuscules avec « \ »
cooked identique à brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof et eol selon leur valeur par défaut
-cooked identique à raw
crt identique à echoe echoctl echoke
dec identique à echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq identique à [-]ixany
ek réinitialiser les caractères erase et kill à leur valeur
par défaut
evenp identique à parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N initialise la vitesse d'entrée à N
* line N utilise la discipline de ligne N
min N avec -icanon, initialise à N le nombre de caractères
nécessaires pour obtenir une lecture complète
ospeed N initialise la vitesse de sortie à N
oddp identique à parenb parodd cs7
-oddp identique à -parenb cs8
[-]parity identique à [-]evenp
pass8 identique à -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 identique à parenb istrip cs7
raw identique à -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 fois 0
-raw identique à cooked
sane identique à cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, tous les caractères
spéciaux avec leur valeur par défaut.
stop CHAR CHAR arrêtera la sortie
susp CHAR CHAR émettra un signal d'arrêt de terminal
* swtch CHAR CHAR permettra de basculer à une couche différente du shell
* werase CHAR CHAR supprimera le dernier mot saisi
%% un simple %
%b ARGUMENT en tant que chaîne avec « \ » d'échappement interprétés,
sauf que l'échappement en octal est de la forme \0 ou \0NNN
ainsi que toutes les spécifications de format C se terminant par une des
options diouxXfeEgGcs, avec ARGUMENT converti d'abord au type approprié.
Les largeurs variables sont prises en charge.
%A les noms complets localisés des jours de la semaine (p. ex. lundi)
%b les noms abrégés localisés des mois (p. ex. janv.)
%B les noms complets localisés des mois (p. ex. janvier)
%c la date et l'heure localisées (p. ex. mar. 28 avril 2009 08:37:32 CEST)
%C siècle ; comme %Y, sans les 2 derniers chiffres (p. ex. 20)
%d jour du mois (p. ex. 01)
%D date, identique à %m/%d/%y
%e jour du mois, complété avec une espace, identique à %_d
%F la date complète, identique à %Y-%m-%d
%g les deux derniers chiffres de l'année du numéro de semaine ISO (voir %G)
%G l'année correspondant au numéro de semaine ISO (voir %V) ; normalement\
utile seulement avec %V
%S secondes (00..60)
%t une tabulation
%T l'heure, identique à %H:%M:%S
%u le jour de la semaine (1..7) ; 1 représente le lundi
%U le numéro de la semaine de l'année, avec le dimanche comme premier jour
de la semaine (00..53)
%V le numéro de la semaine ISO, avec le lundi comme premier jour de la
semaine (01..53)
%w le jour de la semaine (0..6), avec 0 étant le dimanche
%W le numéro de la semaine, avec le lundi comme premier jour de la semaine
(00..53)
%d numéro de périphérique en décimal
%D numéro de périphéque en hexadécimal
%f mode brut en hexadécimal
%F type de fichier
%g identificateur de groupe du propriétaire
%G nom de groupe du propriétaire
%h nombre de liens directs (hard)
%i numéro d'inode
%n nom de fichier
%N nom de fichier en citation avec référence si lien symbolique
%o taille de bloc d'E/S
%s taille totale, en octets
%t type majeur de périphérique en hexadécimal
%T type mineur de périphérique en hexadécimal
%h identique à %b
%H heure (00..23)
%I heure (01..12)
%j jour de l'année (001..366)
%i ID du sytème de fichiers en hexadécimal
%l longueur maximum des noms de fichiers
%n nom de fichier
%s taille de bloc (pour des transferts rapides)
%S taille fondamentale de bloc (pour le décompte de blocs)
%t type en hexadécimal
%T type dans un format lisible par un humain
%k heure ( 0..23)
%l heure ( 1..12)
%m mois (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n un retour à ligne
%N nanosecondes (000000000..999999999)
%p indicateur localisé AM ou PM en majuscules (blanc si inconnu)
%P identique à %p mais en minuscules
%r heure locale au format 12-heure (p. ex. 11:11:01 PM)
%R heure en format 24-heure identique à %H:%M
%s secondes depuis 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u ID du propriétaire
%U nom de l'utilisateur du propriétaire
%x date du dernier accès
%X date du dernier accès en secondes depuis Epoch
%y date de la dernière modification
%Y date de la dernière modification en secondes depuis l'Epoch
%z date du dernier changement
%Z date du dernier changement en secondes depuis l'Epoch
%x représentation localisée de la date (p. ex. 12/31/99)
%X représentation localisée de l'heure (p. ex. 23:13:48)
%y les deux derniers chiffres de l'année (00..99)
%Y l'année
%z fuseau horaire numérique +hhmm (p. ex. -0400)
%:z fuseau horaire numérique +hh:mm (p. ex. -04:00)
%::z fuseau horaire numérique +hh:mm:ss (p. ex. -04:00:00)
%:::z fuseau horaire numérique selon la précision nécessaire (p. ex. -04, +05:30)
%Z abréviation alphabétique des fuseaux horaires (p. ex. EDT)
Par défaut, les champs de date numériques sont remplis par des zéros.
+ TOKEN interpréte TOKEN comme une chaîne, même si c'est
un mot clé comme « match » ou un opérateur comme
« / »
( EXPRESSION ) valeur de l'EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR sépare les colonnes avec STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP indique l'utilisateur et le groupe (ID ou nom) à
utiliser
--groups=G_LIST indique les groupes supplémentaires tels que
g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null termine les lignes avec l'octet 0 et non une nouvelle ligne
-A, --address-radix=RADIX décide comment les décalages seront affichés
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES ignore BYTES premiers octets
-A, --auto-reference affiche les références générées automatiquement
-G, --traditional se comporte plutôt comme « ptx » de System V
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING utilise STRING pour indiquer la troncation
de ligne
-B, --block-size=SIZE utilise des blocs de SIZE octets
-b, --bytes équivalent à « --apparent-size --block-size=1 »
-c, --total produit le total général
-D, --dereference-args déréférence seulement les liens symboliques sur
la ligne de commande
-C liste les noms en colonnes
--color[=WHEN] colore la sortie. Par défaut, WHEN est défini à
« always » (toujours) mais peut aussi être
« never » (jamais) ou « auto » (automatique).
-d, --directory liste les noms de répertoires plutôt que leur
contenu et ne déréférence pas les liens symboliques
-D, --dired génére une sortie adaptée pour le mode « dired » de
Emacs
-D crée tous les premiers composants de DEST excepté le
dernier, puis copie SOURCE vers DEST
-g, --group=GROUPE définit l'appartenance au GROUPE, plutôt que le groupe
du processus actuel
-m, --mode=MODE définit le mode de permissions (comme chmod), au lieu
de rwxrr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER définit l'appartenance (uniquement pour l'administrateur)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
utilise FORMAT pour l'en-tête de la date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
étend les caractères CHAR en entrée (tabulations) à des
tabulations de largeur WIDTH (par défaut 8)
-F, -f,
--form-feed
utilise des sauts de page au lieu des sauts de lignes
pour séparer les pages (3 lignes par en-tête avec -F ou
5 lignes par en-tête et bas de page sans -f)
-G, --no-group dans une longue liste, n'affiche pas les noms de
groupe
-h, --human-readable avec -l affiche les tailles dans un format lisible
par un humain (p. ex. 1K, 234M ou 2G)
--si similaire, mais utilise une puissance de 1 000 au
lieu de 1 024
-H, --dereference-command-line
suit les liens symboliques de la ligne de commande
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
suit chaque lien symbolique de la ligne de commande
qui pointe vers un répertoire
--hide=PATTERN ne liste pas les entrées implicites concordant
avec le PATTERN de shell (surdéfini par -a ou -A)
-I demande confirmation une fois avant de supprimer plus de
3 fichiers, ou lors de suppresion recursive. Moins
intrusif que -i, tout en protégeant contre la majorité
des erreurs
--interactive[=WHEN] demande confirmation selon WHEN : « never »
(jamais), « once » (une fois, -I), ou « always »
(toujours, -i). Sans WHEN, pose la question à chaque
fois.
-L FILE FILE existe et est un lien symbolique (identique à -h)
-O FILE FILE existe et appartient à l'utilisateur effectif ID
-p FILE FILE existe et est un tube nommé
-r FILE FILE existe et dispose des permissions en lecture
-s FILE FILE existe et a une taille plus grande que zéro
-L, --dereference déréférence tous les liens symboliques
-P, --no-dereference ne suit pas les liens symboliques (par défaut)
-0, --null termine chaque ligne de sortie par un octet de
valeur 0 au lieu d'un changement de ligne
-S, --separate-dirs n'inclut pas la taille des sous-répertoires
-s, --summarize affiche seulement un total pour chaque argument
-L, --logical utilise PWD depuis l'environnement, même s'il contient des
liens symboliques
-P, --physical évite tout lien symbolique
-M, --macro-name=STRING nom de la macro à utiliser au lieu de « xx »
-O, --format=roff génére la sortie comme des directives roff
-R, --right-side-refs place les références à droite, sans décompte -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP pour les fins de lignes ou de phrases
-T, --format=tex génére la sortie comme des directives TeX
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limite l'image à BYTES octets en entrée
-s, --strings[=BYTES] affiche les chaînes d'au moins BYTES caractères
graphiques
-t, --format=TYPE sélectionne les formats d'affichage ou les formats
-v, --output-duplicates n'utilise pas * pour marquer la suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] affiche BYTES octets par ligne de sortie
--traditional accepte les arguments selon la forme traditionnelle
-P, --portability utilise le format de sortie POSIX
--sync invoque sync avant d'obtenir les informations
d'utilisation
-t, --type=TYPE limite le parcours aux systèmes de fichier de type TYPE
-T, --print-type affiche le type du système de fichiers
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limite le parcours aux systèmes de fichiers
différents du type TYPE
-v (ignorée)
-S trie selon la taille des fichiers
--sort=WORD trie selon WORD au lieu du nom :
« none » (aucun, -U),
« extension » (extension, -X),
« size » (taille, -S), « date » (date, -t),
« version » (version, -v)
--time=WORD avec -l, affiche la date selon WORD au lieu de
la date de modification :
« atime » -u, « access » -u, « use » -u,
« ctime » -c, ou « status » -c ; utilise la date
spécifiée comme clé de tri si --sort=time
-S FILE FILE existe et est une « socket »
-t FD le descripteur de fichier FD est ouvert sur un terminal
-u FILE FILE existe et le bit « set-user-ID » est initialisé
-w FILE FILE existe et dispose des permissions en écriture
-x FILE FILE existe et est exécutable (ou parcourable)
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX écrase le suffixe d'archivage usuel
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY spécifie le DIRECTORY dans lequel les liens
seront créés
-T, --no-target-directory traite LINK_NAME comme un fichier normal
-v, --verbose affiche le nom de chaque fichier lié
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
sépare les colonnes avec STRING,
sans -S : le séparateur par défaut est avec -J et
sinon (identique à -S" "), aucun effet sur les colonnes
-t, --omit-header n'affiche pas les en-têtes et pieds de page
-T, --omit-pagination
n'affiche pas les en-têtes et les pieds de page, élimine la
pagination par saut de page indiqués dans les fichiers d'entrée
-v, --show-nonprinting
utilise la notation octale avec barre oblique inverse
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
utilise PAGE_WIDTH (72) caractères, uniquement, pour
l'affichage de multiples colonnes de texte, -s[char] inhibe
(72)
-T, -w, --mesg ajoute le statut du message de l'utilisateur avec +, - ou ?
-u, --users affiche la liste des utilisateurs actifs
--message identique à -T
--writeable identique à -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
utilise toujours une largeur PAGE_WIDTH de 72 caractères,
tronque les lignes, sauf lorsque l'option -J est active,
sans interférence avec -S ou -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP utilise REGEXP pour établir la concordance avec chaque mot
-b, --break-file=FILE utilise les césure de mots de FILE
-f, --ignore-case convertit les minuscules en majuscules pour le tri
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER espace de NUMBER blancs les colonnes entre les champs
-i, --ignore-file=FILE lit la liste des mots à ignorer dans FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE lit la liste des mots à conserver dans FILE
-Z, --context=CTX établit le contexte de sécurité SELinux de NAME à CTX
-Z, --context=CTX définit le contexte de sécurité SELinux de chaque NAME à CTX
-a modifie seulement la date d'accès
-c, --no-create ne crée aucun fichier
-d, --date=STRING analyse STRING et l'utilise au lieu de la date actuelle
-f (ignorée)
-a, --across imprime les colonnes horizontalement au lieu de
verticalement quand utilisé avec -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
utilise une notation par chapeau (^G) et octale avec barre
oblique inverse
-d, --double-space
double les espaces à l'affichage
-a, --all inclut les systèmes de fichiers factices
-B, --block-size=SIZE utilise des blocs de SIZE octets
--total produit un total général
-h, --human-readable affiche les tailles dans un format lisible par un humain
(par ex. 1K, 234M ou 2G)
-H, --si identique avec un multiple de 1000 et non de 1024
-a, --all affiche le décompte pour tous les fichiers, pas
seulement pour les répertoires.
--apparent-size affiche les tailles apparentes, au lieu de l'occupation
disque ; même si la taille apparente est habituellement
plus petite, elle peut être plus grande en raison de
trous dans les fichiers (« sparse »), de la
fragmentation, de blocs indirects et autres raisons
similaires
-a, --all convertit tous les blancs, pas seulement les blancs
initiaux
--first-only convertit seulement les séquences de blancs en tête
(surdéfini -a)
-t, --tabs=N utilise N caractères de tabulations au lieu de 8 (active -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST utilise une liste de positions de tabulation séparées par
des virgules (active -a)
-a, --archive identique à -dpR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] archive chaque fichier de destination
-b comme --backup mais n'accepte pas d'argument
--copy-contents copie le contenu des fichiers spéciaux en mode
récursif
-d identique à --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N utilise les suffixes de longueur N (par défaut %d)
-b, --bytes=BYTES écrit BYTES octets par fichier de sortie
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE écrit au plus SIZE octets par ligne par fichier de
sortie
-d, --numeric-suffixes utilise des suffixes numériques et non alphabétiques
-l, --lines=NUMBER écrit NUMBER lignes par fichier de sortie
-b, --before place le séparateur avant plutôt qu'après
-r, --regex interpréte le séparateur comme une expression
régulière
-s, --separator=STRING utilise STRING comme séparateur au lieu du saut
de ligne
-b, --binary écrit en binaire sur la console
-b, --binary lit en mode binaire (par défaut sauf si en lecture
depuis tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE utilise STYLE pour numéroter les lignes
-d, --section-delimiter=CC utilise CC pour séparer les pages logiques
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE utilise STYLE pour numéroter les lignes de
bas de page
-b, --bytes compte les octets au lieu des colonnes
-s, --spaces césure aux espaces
-w, --width=WIDTH utilise WIDTH colonnes au lieu de 80
-b, --bytes=LIST sélectionne seulement ces octets
-c, --characters=LIST sélectionne seulement ces caractères
-d, --delimiter=DELIM utilise DELIM au lieu de TAB comme délimiteur de
champs
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore les blancs en en-tête
-d, --dictionary-order considére seulement les blancs et les caractères
alphanumériques
-f, --ignore-case transforme les caractères minuscules en majuscules
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT utilise le FORMAT sprintf au lieu de %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX utilise PREFIX au lieu de `xx'
-k, --keep-files ne supprime pas les fichiers de sortie en cas
d'erreurs
-c, --bytes=K affiche les K derniers octets ; il est aussi possible
d'utiliser -c pour afficher les octets débutant au Ke
de chaque fichier
-c, --bytes=[-]K affiche les premiers K octets de chaque fichier ;
lorsque le préfixe « - » est présent, affiche tous les
octets sauf les derniers K octets de chaque fichier
-n, --lines=[-]K affiche les K premières lignes au lieu des 10 premières ;
lorsque le préfixe « - » est présent, affiche toutes
les lignes sauf les N dernières de chaque fichier
-c, --check lit les sommes %s à partir des FILEs et les
vérifie
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first vérifie le tri de l'entrée ; ne trie pas
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent comme -c, mais n'affiche pas la première
ligne erronée
--compress-program=PROG compresse les temporaires avec PROG et les
décompresse avec PROG -d
--files0-from=F lit en entrée des fichiers spécifiés par des noms
terminés par NULL dans le fichier F.
Si F est -, lit les noms depuis l'entrée standard
-c, --count préfixe les lignes par le nombre d'occurences
-d, --repeated affiche seulement les lignes ayant des duplicatats
-c, --crown-margin préserve l'indentation des deux premières lignes
-p, --prefix=CHAÎNE reformate seulement les lignes débutant par STRING
en attachant à nouveau le préfixe aux lignes
reformatées
-s, --split-only effectue la césure des longues lignes mais sans les
remplir
-c, --no-create ne crée pas de fichier
-d, --delimiters=LIST utilise les caractères de LIST au lieu de tabulations
-s, --serial copie un seul fichier à la fois au lieu de le faire
en parallèle
-d, --directory crée un répertoire et non un fichier
-u, --dry-run ne crée rien, affiche seulement un nom (non sûr)
-q, --quiet n'affiche pas les diagnostiques sur l'échec de création
du fichier/répertoire
-e active l'interprétation des échappements par barre oblique
inverse
-E désactive l'interprétation des échappements par barre oblique
inverse (par défaut)
-e active l'interprétation des échappements par barre oblique
inverse (par défaut)
-E désactive l'interprétation des échappements par barre oblique
inverse
-e, --echo traite chaque ARG comme une ligne d'entrée
-i, --input-range=LO-HI traite chaque nombre de LO à HI comme une ligne
d'entrée
-n, --head-count=COUNT affiche au plus COUNT lignes
-o, --output=FILE écrit le résultat dans FILE au lieu de la sortie
standard
--random-source=FILE obtient aléatoirement des octets de FILE (par défaut
/dev/urandom)
-z, --zero-terminated termine les lignes avec l'octet 0, pas de nouvelle
ligne
-f ne trie pas, active -aU, désactive -ls --color
-F, --classify ajoute un indicateur (parmi */=>@|) aux entrées
--file-type identique mais sans ajout de « * »
--format=WORD « across » -x (croisé),
« commas » -m (avec virgules),
« horizontal » -x (horizontal),
« long » -l (long),
« single-column » -1 (colonne simple),
« verbose » -l (verbeux),
« vertical » -C (vertical)
--full-time identique à -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omettre la ligne de l'en-tête des colonnes
en format court
-w omettre le nom complet de l'utilisateur en format court
-i omettre le nom complet de l'utilisateur et le nom de l'hôte
en format court
-q omettre le nom complet de l'utilisateur, le nom de l'hôte
et le temps d'inactivité en format court
-f identique à -t fF, sélectionne les flottants
-i identique à -t dI, sélectionne les entiers décimaux
-l identique à -t dL, sélectionne les entiers décimaux longs
-o identique à -t o2, sélectionne les nombres octals sur 2 octets
-s identique à -t d2, sélectionne les nombres décimaux sur 2 octets
-x identique à -t x2, sélectionne les nombres hexadécimaux sur 2 octets
-f FILE FILE existe et est un fichier standard
-g FILE FILE existe et le bit « set-group-ID » est initialisé
-G FILE FILE existe et appartient au groupe effectif ID
-h FILE FILE existe et est un lien symbolique (identique à -L)
-k FILE FILE existe et le bit « sticky » est initialisé
-f, --canonicalize canonise en suivant récursivement chaque lien
symbolique de chaque composant donné.
Au moins le dernier composant doit exister
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonise en suivant récursivement tous les
liens symboliques de chaque composant donné.
Tous les composants doivent exister
-f, --fields=LIST sélectionne seulement ces champs ; affiche aussi
toutes les lignes qui ne contiennent pas de caractère
délimiteur, à moins que l'option -s soit spécifiée
-n (ignoré)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
affiche les données ajoutées au fur et à mesure
que le fichier grandit ; -f, --follow et
--follow=descriptor sont équivalents
-F identique à --follow=name --retry
-f, --force si un fichier de destination existe et ne peut
être ouvert alors le supprime et essaie à
nouveau (redondant si l'option -n est utilisée)
-i, --interactive demande confirmation avant d'écraser (surcharge
une précédente option -n)
-H suit les liens symboliques de ligne de commande
dans SOURCE
-f, --force modifie les permissions pour permettre l'écriture si
nécessaire
-n, --iterations=N écrase N fois au lieu du nombre par défaut (%d)
--random-source=FILE obtient des octets aléatoires de FILE (par défaut
/dev/urandom)
-s, --size=N broie N octets (les suffixes K, M, G sont acceptés)
-f, --silent, --quiet supprime la plupart des messages d'erreur
-v, --verbose produit un diagnostic pour chaque fichier traité
--reference=RFILE utilise le mode RFILE au lieu des valeurs MODE
-R, --recursive modifie récursivement les fichiers et les répertoires
-f, --silent, --quiet supprime la plupart des messages d'erreur
--reference=RFILE utilise le groupe RFILE au lieu d'une valeur GROUPE
-R, --recursive agit récursivement sur les fichiers et répertoires
-v, --verbose produit un diagnostic pour chaque fichier traité
-f, --silent, --quiet supprime la plupart des messages d'erreur
--reference=RFILE utilise le propriétaire et le groupe RFILE au lieu de
valeurs explicites OWNER:GROUP
-R, --recursive agit récursivement sur les fichiers et les répertoires
-v, --verbose affiche un diagnostique pour chaque fichier traité
-g identique à -l mais n'affiche pas le propriétaire
-g GID[,GID1...] définit aussi l'ID de groupe primaire au GID numérique, et
(si spécifié) les ID de groupe supplémentaires à GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare selon la valeur numérique générale
-i, --ignore-nonprinting considère seulement les caractères affichables
-M, --month-sort compare (inconnu) < « JANV. » < ... < « DÉC. »
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE utilise STYLE pour numéroter les lignes
d'en-tête
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER incrément en nombre de lignes à chaque ligne
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER regroupe NUMBER lignes vides comme une seule
ligne
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insére des numéros de ligne selon FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber ne réinitialise le nombre de lignes aux pages
logiques
-s, --number-separator=STRING ajoute STRING après le numéro de ligne (si
possible)
-h, --header=HEADER
utilise une en-tête HEADER centrée au lieu du nom de fichier
dans l'entête de page, -h "" imprime une ligne blanche,
n'utilisez pas -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
remplace les espaces avec le caractères CHAR (ou
tabulations) par des tabulations de largeur WIDTH (8 par
défaut)
-J, --join-lines fusionnne des lignes complètes, désactive la troncature des
lignes -W, sans alignement des colonnes, --sep-string[=STRING]
définit les séparateurs
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare des chiffres humanisés (p. ex. 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affecte les liens symboliques au lieu des fichiers
référencés (utile seulement sur les systèmes permettant
de changer le propriétaire d'un lien symbolique)
-h, --no-dereference affecte les liens symboliques au lieu des fichiers
référencés (utile seulement sur les systèmes permettant
de changer le propriétaire d'un lien symbolique)
-m modifie uniquement la date de modification
-i, --ignore-case ignore la casse lors de la comparaison de champs
-j FIELD équivalent à « -1 FIELD -2 FIELD »
-o FORMAT respecte FORMAT lors de la construction de la ligne
de sortie
-t CHAR utilise CHAR comme délimiteur de champs d'entrée et
de sortie
-i, --initial ne convertit pas les tabulations après des non-blancs
-t, --tabs=N utilise des tabulations de N caractères et non 8
-i, --inodes liste les informations des « inodes » au lieu des blocs
-k identique à --block-size=1K
-l, --local limite le parcours au système des fichiers local
--no-sync n'effectue pas de synchronisation avant d'obtenir les
informations d'utilisation (par défaut)
-i, --interactive demande s'il faut supprimer les destinations
-L, --logical modifie les liens directs en liens symboliques
-n, --no-dereference gère la destination d'un lien symbolique vers
un répertoire comme un fichier normal
-s, --symbolic crée un lien symbolique au lieu d'un lien direct
-k, identique à --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links comptabilise les tailles aussi souvent qu'il y a
de liens directs
-m identique à --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] démarre la clé à POS1 (origine 1), finit à POS2
(par défault en fin de ligne)
-m, --merge fusionne les fichiers déjà triés ; ne trie pas
-l utilise le format long d'affichage
-L, --dereference affiche les informations des fichiers référencés
par les liens symboliques plutôt que sur le lien
symbolique lui-même
-m remplit la largeur avec une liste d'entrées
séparées par des virgules
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
positionne PAGE_LENGTH à 66 lignes (nombre de lignes de
texte par défaut à 56, et avec -F 63)
-m, --merge imprime tous les fichiers en parallèle, un par colonne,
tronque les lignes, mais joint les lignes de longueur
complète avec -J
-l, --link lie les fichiers au lieu de les copier
-L, --dereference toujours suivre les liens symboliques dans SOURCE
-l, --login affiche le processus de login du système
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonise en suivant récursivement chaque lien
symbolique de chaque composant donné.
Aucune contrainte sur les composants.
-n, --no-newline ne génère pas une nouvelle ligne en fin
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent supprime la plupart des messages d'erreur
-v, --verbose affiche les messages d'erreur
-m, --mode=MODE définit les bits de permission du fichier à MODE, non pas
a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE définit l'accès fichier à MODE (comme avec chmod),
et non a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents pas d'erreur si existant, crée les répertoires parents si
nécessaire
-v, --verbose affiche un message pour chaque répertoire créé
-Z, --context=CTX définit à CTX le contexte de sécurité SELinux de chaque
répertoire créé
-n, --digits=DIGITS utilise DIGITS chiffres au lieu de 2
-s, --quiet, --silent n'affiche pas la taille des fichiers de sortie
-z, --elide-empty-files supprime les fichiers de sortie vides
-n, --lines=K affiche les K dernières lignes, au lieu des %d
derniers ou utilisez -n +K pour afficher les lignes
à partir de la Ne
--max-unchanged-stats=N
avec l'option --follow=name, ouvre à nouveau un FILE
qui n'a pas changé de taille après N itérations (par
défaut %d) afin de vérifier s'il a été délié ou
renommé (c'est le cas habituellement des fichiers
rotatifs de journalisation)
-n, --no-clobber n'écrase pas un ficier existant (surchage une
précédente option -i)
-P, --no-deference ne jamais suivre les liens symboliques dans
SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare selon une valeur numérique de type chaîne
-R, --random-sort tri par clé de hachage aléatoire
--random-source=FILE obtient des octets aléatoires depuis FILE
-r, --reverse inverse le résultat des comparaisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid identique à -l mais liste les valeurs numériques
des ID d'utilisateur et de groupe
-N, --literal affiche les noms bruts (sans traiter les caractères
de contrôle spécialement par exemple)
-o identique à -l mais ne liste pas les informations
de groupe
-p, --indicator-style=slash
ajoute l'indicateur « / » aux répertoires
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
numérote les lignes, par les chiffres DIGITS (5), suivi du
sépaarateur SEP (TAB), par défaut le compteur débute avec la
première ligne du fichier d'entrée
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
débute le compteur à NUMBER avec la 1ère ligne de la 1ère
page imprimée (voir +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
décale chaque ligne avec MARGIN (zéro) espaces, n'affecte
pas -w ou -W, MARGIN est ajouté à PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
inhibe l'avertissement lorsqu'un fichier ne peut pas être
ouvert
-o, --output=FILE écrit le résultat dans FILE au lieu de la sortie
standard
-s, --stable stabilise le tri en désactivant la comparaison de
dernier recours
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE utilise SIZE pour le tampon mémoire principal
-p identique à --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] préserve les attributs spécifiés (par défaut
« mode,ownership,timestamps ») et si posssible
les attributs additionels « context, links,
xattr, all »
-p DIR utilise DIR comme préfixe, implique -t [deprecated]
-t interprète TEMPLATE comme un seul composant de nom de
fichier, relatif au répertoire $TMPDIR s'il est défini ;
ou à défaut le répertoire spécifié via -p ou sinon /tmp
[deprecated]
-p, --parents supprime DIRECTORY et ses parents, p. ex. « rmdir -p a/b/c »
est identique à « rmdir a/b/c a/b a »
-v, --verbose affiche un diagnostic pour chaque répertoire traité
-p, --preserve-timestamps applique les dates d'accès/ modification
des fichiers SOURCES aux fichiers de destination correspondants
-s, --strip enleve les tables des symboles
--strip-program=PROGRAMME qui enlève la table des symboles du binaire
-S, --suffix=SUFFIXE se substitue au SUFFIXE usuel d'archivage
-t, --target-directory=RÉPERTOIRE copie tous les arguments de la SOURCE dans RÉPERTOIRE
-T, --no-target-directory traite DEST comme un fichier normal
-v, --verbose affiche le nom de chaque répertoire créé
-q, --count affiche tous noms de connexion des utilisateurs connectés
-r, --runlevel affiche le niveau d'exécution actuel
-s, --short affiche seulement le nom, la ligne et l'heure (par défaut)
-t, --time affiche le dernier changement d'heure du système
-q, --hide-control-chars affiche « ? » au lieu de caractères non-graphiques
--show-control-chars affiche les caractères non graphiques tel quel (par
défaut)
-Q, --quote-name encapsule chaque nom d'entrée entre guillemets
--quoting-style=WORD utilise le style d'encapsultation défini par
WORD : « literal », « shell », « shell-always »,
« c » ou « escape »
-q, --quiet, --silent n'affiche pas les en-têtes avec les noms de fichier
-v, --verbose affiche toujours les en-têtes avec les noms de
fichier
-r, --reference=FILE affiche la dernière heure de modification de FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 affiche la date et l'heure selon le format RFC 2822.
Exemple, Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE utilise la taille de FILE
-s, --size=SIZE utilise SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE utilise la date de ce fichier au lieu de la date
actuelle
-t STAMP utilise [[CC]AA]MMJJhhmm[.ss] au lieu de la date
actuelle
--time=WORD modifie le temps indiqué :
WORD est « access », « atime » ou « use » ; équivalent
à -a
WORD est « modify », « mtime » ; équivalent à -m
-r, --references donne la référence du 1er champ de chaque ligne
-t, --typeset-mode - option non implémentée -
-w, --width=NUMBER largeur d'affichage en colonnes, références exclues
-r, --reverse inverse l'ordre de tri
-R, --recursive liste récursivement les sous-répertoires
-s, --size affiche la taille d'allocation de chaque fichier,
en blocs
-s, --only-delimited n'affiche pas les lignes ne contenant pas de
délimiteurs
--output-delimiter=STRING utilise STRING comme délimiteur de sortie, par défaut le délimiteur de l'entrée est utilisé
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
utilise le nom ou le numéro du signal à transmettre.
-l, --list liste les noms de signaux, ou converti les noms de signaux
vers/depuis des nombres
-t, --table affiche la table d'informations sur les signaux
-s, --sleep-interval=N avec -f, dort environ N secondes (1.0 par défaut)
entre les itérations
-v, --verbose affiche toujours les en-têtes des noms de fichier
-s, --symbolic-link crée des liens symboliques au lieu d'une copie
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX écrase le suffixe usuel d'archivage
--target-directory=DIRECTORY copie tous les arguments SOURCE dans
RÉPERTOIRE
-T, --no-target-directory traite DEST comme un fichier normal
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
sépare les colonnes à l'aide d'un simple caractère, par
défaut le caractère de tabulation sans -w et
« no char » avec -w et -s[CHAR] inhibe la troncature de
ligne pour les options de 3 colonnes
(-COLUMN|-a - COLUMN|-m) sauf si -w est défini
-t trie selon la date de modification
-T, --tabsize=COLS utilise des tabulations à chaque COLS au lieu de 8
-t équivalent à -vT
-T, --show-tabs affiche les caractères TAB comme ^I
-u (ignoré)
-v, --show-nonprinting utilise la notation ^ et M-, sauf pour LFD et TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP utilise SEP au lieu de non-blanc pour les
transitions d'espace
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR utilise DIR pour les fichiers temporaires, non
pas $TMPDIR ou %s ;
des options multiples spécifient de multiples répertoires
-u, --unique avec -c, vérifie l'ordonnancement strict
sans -c, affiche les premiers d'une passe équivalente
-t, --tabs=LIST utilise une liste explicite de positions de tabulations
séparées par des virgules
-t, --tagged-paragraph indente différemment la première ligne de la seconde
-u, --uniform-spacing une espace entre les mots, deux entre les phrases
-w, --width=N largeur de colonne maximale (par défaut 75 colonnes)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY déplace tous les arguments SOURCE vers
DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory traite DEST comme un fichier normal
-u, --update déplace uniquement si le fichier SOURCE est plus
récent que le fichier cible ou si aucun fichier
cible n'existe
-v, --verbose explique ce qui a été réalisé
-t, --text lit en mode texte (par défaut en lecture depuis tty
stdin)
-t, --text lit en mode texte (par défaut)
-u avec -lt, affiche et tri selon la date d'accès
avec -l, affiche la date d'accès et tri par nom
sinon tri selon la date d'accès
-U ne trie pas, liste les entrées dans l'ordre du
répertoire
-v tri naturel des numéros (de versions) dans le texte
-u, --remove tronque et supprime le fichier après l'avoir écraser
-v, --verbose affiche un indicateur de progression
-x, --exact n'arrondit pas la taille des fichiers jusqu'au prochain bloc
complet ; c'est le comportement par défaut pour les fichiers
non standards
-z, --zero ajoute une réécriture finale avec des zéros pour camoufler le
broyage du fichier
-u, --update copie seulement quand le fichier SOURCE est plus
récent que le fichier de destination ou quand le
fichier de destination est manquant
-v, --verbose explique ce qui est fait
-x, --one-file-system reste sur ce système de fichiers
-u, --user=USER définit l'utilisateur USER dans le contexte de
sécurité cible
-r, --role=ROLE définit le rôle ROLE dans le contexte de sécurité cible
-t, --type=TYPE définit le type TYPE dans le contexte de sécurité cible
-l, --range=RANGE définit l'intervalle RANGE dans le contexte de sécurité
cible
-v, --kernel-version affiche la version du kernel
-m, --machine affiche le nom de matériel de la machine
-p, --processor affiche le type de processeur ou « unknown » (inconnu)
-i, --hardware-platform affiche la plate-forme matérielle ou « unknown » (inconnu)
-o, --operating-system affiche le système d'exploitation
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER premier numéro de ligne sur chaque page
logique
-w, --number-width=NUMBER utilise NUMBER colonnes pour les numéros
de ligne
-w, --check-chars=N ne compare pas plus de N caractères dans les lignes
-w, --width=COLS définit la largeur de l'écran au lieu de la valeur
actuelle
-x liste les entrées en ligne au lieu de colonne
-X trie alphabétiquement selon les extension des
entrées
-Z, --context affiche les contextes de sécurité SELinux de
chaque fichier
-1 liste un fichier par ligne
-x, --one-file-system ignore les répertoires de différents systèmes de
fichiers
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclut les fichiers qui concordent avec un des motifs
de FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclut les fichiers qui concordent avec PATTERN
--max-depth=N affiche le total pour un répertoire (ou un fichier,
avec --all) seulement si il est à N niveaux ou moins
selon les arguments de la ligne de commande ;
--max-depth=0 est identique à --summarize
-z, --zero-terminated termine les lignes avec l'octet 0,
et non pas par un retour de chariot
Tâches en cours
un ininterruptible état dormant contribue aussi à la charge moyenne.
[:graph:] tous les caractères imprimables, sans inclure les blancs
[:lower:] tous les lettres minuscules
[:print:] tous les caractères imprimables, incluant les blancs
[:punct:] tous les caractères de ponctuation
[:space:] tous les sauts verticaux ou horizontaux
[:upper:] toutes les lettres majuscules
[:xdigit:] tous les chiffres hexadécimaux
[=CHAR=] tous les caractères équivalents à CHAR
\0NNN octet avec la valeur octale NNN (1 à 4 chiffres)
\xHH octet avec la valeur hexadécimale HH (1 à 2 chiffres)
\NNN octet ayant la valeur octale NNN (1 à 3 chiffres)
\xHH octet ayant la valeur hexadécimale HH (1 à 2 chiffres)
\uHHHH caractère Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) ayant la valeur hexadécimale
HHHH (4 chiffres)
\UHHHHHHHH caractère Unicode ayant la valeur hexadécimal HHHHHHHH
(8 chiffres)
\\ bare oblique inverse
\a alerte (BEL)
\b retour arrière
\c bloque l'affichage ultérieur
\e échappement
\f saut de page
\n nouvelle ligne
\r retour chariot
\t tabulation horizontale
\v tabulation verticale
\v saut vertical
CHAR1-CHAR2 tous les caractères de CHAR1 à CHAR2 en ordre croissant
[CHAR*] dans SET2, copie de CHAR jusqu'à longueur de SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies de CHAR, REPEAT est un octal s'il débute par 0
[:alnum:] toutes les lettres et les chiffres
[:alpha:] toutes les lettres
[:blank:] tous les blancs horizontaux
[:cntrl:] tous les caractères de contrôle
[:digit:] tous les chiffres
ascii de l'EBCDIC vers l'ASCII
ebcdic de l'ASCII vers l'EBCDIC
ibm de l'ASCII vers l'EBCDIC alternatif
block remplit les enregistrements terminés par un saut de ligne
par des espaces jusqu'à la taille « cbs »
unblock remplace les espaces à la fin des enregistrements de taille « cbs »
par des sauts de ligne
lcase change les majuscules en minuscules
binary utilise des E/S binaires pour les données
cio utilise des E/S simultanées pour les données
d[SIZE] décimal signé, SIZE octets par entier
f[SIZE] point flottant, SIZE octets par entier
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE octets par entier
u[SIZE] décimal non signé SIZE octets par entier
x[SIZE] hexadécimal, SIZE octets par entier
direct utilise des E/S directes pour les données
directory échoue sauf si un répertoire
dsync utilise des E/S synchronisées pour les données
fullblock accumule des blocs pleins en entrée (uniquement iflag)
if=FILE lit FILE au lieu de l'entrée standard (stdin)
iflag=FLAGS lit selon la liste de symboles séparés par des virgules
obs=BYTES écrit BYTES octets à la fois (par défaut 512)
of=FILE écrit dans FILE au lieu de la sortie standard (stdout)
oflag=FLAGS écrit selon à l'aide de LISTE de symboles séparés par des virgules
seek=BLOCKS se déplace de BLOCKS blocs de taille « obs » au début de la sortie
skip=BLOCKS ignore BLOCKS blocs de taille « ibs » au début de l'entrée
status=noxfer supprime les statistiques de transfert
noatime ne met pas à jour la date d'accès
nocreat ne crée pas de fichier de sortie
excl échoue si le fichier de sortie existe déjà
notrunc ne tronque pas le fichier de sortie
ucase change les minuscules en majuscules
swab inter-change chaque paire d'octets en entrée
noctty n'assigne pas de terminal contrôleur depuis le fichier
noerror continue même après des erreurs de lecture
sync remplit chaque bloc lu avec des nuls jusqu'à concurrence
de la taille « ibs » ; avec block ou unblock, remplit avec des
espaces au lieu de nuls
fdatasync écrit physiquement les données en sortie avant la fin
fsync identique, mais écrit aussi les métadonnées
nofollow ne suit pas les liens symboliques
nolinks échoue si multiples liens
nonblock utilise des E/S non bloquantes
none, off n'archive jamais (même si --backup est utilisé)
numbered, t effectue des archives numérotées
existing, nil numérote si des archives numérotées existent déjà, se
comporte comme « simple » dans le cas contraire
simple, never effectue toujours des archives simples
sync identique mais aussi pour les métadonnées
text utilise des E/S textuelles pour les données
%4s-blocs Utilisé Dispo. Uti%% %H:%M %s-blocs Utilisé Dispo. Capacité (archive %s) * [-]ctlecho écho des caractères de contrôle par une notation en
chapeau (« ^c »)
[-]echo écho des caractères en entrée
* [-]echoctl identique à [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe identique à [-]crterase
[-]echok écho d'un saut de ligne après un caractère d'annulation
* [-]echoke identique à [-]crtkill
[-]echonl écho d'un saut de ligne même s'il n'y pas d'écho des autres
caractères
* [-]echoprt écho des caractères d'effacement par retour arrière, entre
« \ » et « / »
[-]icanon autorise les caractères spéciaux
« erase », « kill », « werase », et « rprnt »
[-]iexten autorise les caractères spéciaux non-POSIX
* [-]iuclc transforme les majuscles en minuscules
* [-]ixany permet à n'importe quel caractère de relancer l'affichage
sur la sortie, pas uniquement le caractère de redémarrage
[-]ixoff autorise l'envoi d'un caractère d'arrêt/départ
[-]ixon autorise le contrôle de flux XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk indique les erreurs de parité par une séquence de
caractères (255-0)
[-]tandem identique à [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 présume que les caractères en entrée sont codés en UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl transforme un retour de chariot par un saut de ligne
* [-]ofdel utilise des caractères d'effacement comme caractère
de remplissage au lieu de caractères nuls
* [-]ofill utilise le remplissage de caractères au lieu du délai par
minuterie
* [-]olcuc traduit les minuscules en majuscules
* [-]onlcr traduit le saut de ligne en retour de chariot-saut de ligne
* [-]onlret le saut de ligne génère un retour de chariot
* [-]onocr n'affiche pas un retour chariot en première colonne
[-]opost post-traitement de sortie
* tabN style du délai de tabulation horizontale, N parmi [0..3]
* tabs identique à tab0
* -tabs identique à tab3
* vtN style du délai de tabulation verticale, N parmi [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR CHAR alternatif pour arrêter la ligne
erase CHAR CHAR supprimera le dernier caractère saisi
intr CHAR CHAR émettra un signal d'interruption
kill CHAR CHAR supprimera la ligne actuelle
* lnext CHAR CHAR entrera le prochain caractère entre guillemets
quit CHAR CHAR émettra un signal de fin
* rprnt CHAR CHAR ré-affichera la ligne actuelle
start CHAR CHAR redémarrera la sortie après l'avoir arrêtée
* rows N indique au kernel que le terminal a N lignes
* size affiche le nombre de lignes et de colonnes selon les paramètres
du kernel
speed affiche la vitesse du terminal
time N avec -icanon, initialise le délai d'inactivité de lecture à
N dizièmes de seconde
??:???? Monté sur
TTY contexte=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groupes= ancien par répétition %s
% 1% de mémoire, b 1, k 1024 (par défaut), et ainsi de suite pour M, G, T, P,
E, Z, Y.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
*** AVERTISSEMENT ***
La localisation utilisée dans l'environnement affecte l'ordre du tri.
Utilisez LC_ALL=C pour obtenir un tri selon un ordre traditionnel qui utilise
la valeur native des octets.
%.*s : spécification de conversion non valide %e %b %Y %e %b %H:%M %lu utilisateur %lu utilisateurs %s %s (pour regexp %s) %s -> %s (désarchivage)
%s [-d] a terminé anormalement %s et %s identifient le même fichier %s existe mais n'est pas un répertoire %s est apparu ; à la fin d'un nouveau fichier %s est devenu accessible %s est devenu inaccessible %s a été remplacé par un fichier distant. Abandon sur ce nom. %s a été remplacé par un fichier dont on ne peut déterminer la taille ; abandon sur ce nom. %s a été remplacé ; à la fin d'un nouveau fichier %s possède un type de fichier inconnu. %s : a une taille inutilisable, apparemment négative. Page d'accueil de « %s » : %s
Page d'accueil de « %s » :
%s n'est pas un entier positif valide %s est trop grand %s peut seulement être utilisé sur un noyau SELinux %s était spécifié mais pas %s %s%s argument « %s » trop grand %s : %s est tellement grand qu'il n'est pas représentable %s : %s le numéro de ligne hors limite %s : %s: pas de correspondance %s : %s:%s: désordre : %s : ÉCHEC d'ouverture ou de lecture.
%s : utilisateur inexistant %s : « } » est requis pour un compteur de répétition %s : opérateur binaire attendu %s : peut uniquement créer des liens symboliques relatifs dans le répertoire actuel %s : impossible de modifier le mode non bloquant %s : impossible de trouver le nom de l'utilisateur ayant l'ID %lu
%s : impossible de suivre la fin de ce type de fichier ; abandon sur ce nom %s : impossible d'utiliser lseek() pour revenir à la position d'origine %s: ne peut écraser le répertoire %s : impossible de rembobiner %s : ne peut pas se déplacer %s : impossible de se déplacer à la fin du décalage relatif %s %s : impossible de se déplacer à la position %s %s : impossible de déplacer selon le décalage relatif %s %s : impossible d'utiliser « shred » sur un descripteur de fichier en ajout seul %s : ne peut pas ignorer %s : ne peut pas ignorer jusqu'au décalage indiqué %s : délimiteur de fermeture « %c » manquant %s : impossible de réinitialiser le mode non bloquant %s : descendre dans le répertoire %s ? %s : descendre dans un répertoire protégé en écriture %s ? %s : fin de fichier %s : l'opérateur d'équivalence de classe doit être un caractère simple %s : erreur de tronquage %s : erreur d'écriture au décalage %s %s : valeur numérique attendue %s : échec de fermeture %s : échec d'ouverture en écriture %s : échec de suppression %s : échec de fcntl %s : échec de fdatasync %s : le fichier a une taille négative %s : le fichier a été trop réduit %s : fichier trop gros %s : fichier trop long %s : fichier tronqué %s : échec de fstat %s : échec de fsync %s: lien direct non permis pour un répertoire %s : l'entrée contient une boucle : %s : l'entrée contient un nombre impair de jetons %s : le fichier d'entrée est aussi celui de sortie %s : entier attendu après le délimiteur %s : PID non valide %s : compteur non valide au départ de %s %s : directive non valide %s : spécification de champ non valide %s %s : longueur de fichier non valide %s : type de fichier non valide %s : nombre maximum de changements d'état non valide entre les ouvertures %s : nombre non valide %s : nombre d'octets non valide %s : nombre de lignes non valide %s : nombre de passes non valide %s : nombre de secondes non valide %s : nombre à ignorer non valide %s : option non valide -- %c
%s : motif non valide %s : id de processus non valide %s : expression régulière non valide, %s %s : signal non valide %s : longueur de suffixe non valide %s : le numéro de ligne doit être plus grand que zéro %s : numéro de ligne hors limite %s : échec de lseek %s : multiples signaux spécifiés %s : les nouvelles permissions sont %s, et non %s %s : aucune ligne de somme de contrôle %s trouvée %s : aucune information sur la taille de ce périphérique %s : impossible de lister un répertoire déjà listé %s : le nombre d'octets est trop grand %s : l'option « %c%s » n'accepte pas d'argument
%s : l'option « %s » est ambiguë
%s : l'option « --%s » n'accepte pas d'argument
%s : l'option « -W %s » ne prend pas d'argument
%s : l'option « -W %s » est ambiguë
%s : l'option requiert un argument -- « %c »
%s : voulez-vous écraser %s ? %s : passe %lu/%lu (%s)... %s : passe %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s : passe %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s : erreur de lecture %s : supprimer %s %s ? %s : supprimer tous les arguments récursivement ? %s : supprimer tous les arguments ? %s : supprimer %s (protégé en écriture) %s ? %s : supprimé %s : suppression %s : renommé en %s %s: remplacer %s? %s : échec de positionnement (seek) %s : trop de lignes de somme de contrôle %s : voulez-vous écraser %s en outrepassant le mode %04lo (%s) ? %s : impossible de déterminer la longueur maximale du nom de fichier %s : impossible d'effectuer toutes les opérations demandées %s : opérateur unaire attendu %s : option non reconnue « %c%s »
%s : option non reconnue « --%s »
%s : valeur non complètement convertie %s : erreur d'écriture. %s:%lu : ligne non valide ; second jeton manquant %s:%lu : non valide, longueur zéro du nom de fichier %s:%lu : mot clé %s non reconnu %s} : entier requis entre « { » et « } » » « ) » attendu « ) » attendu, %s trouvé © * systèmes de fichiers qui enregistre en cache temporairement, tels que les
clients NFS version 3
* systèmes de fichiers compressés
* systèmes de fichiers journalisés ou à structure de journalisation, comme ceux
fournis avec AIX et Solaris (et JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* systèmes de fichiers avec données redondantes et soutenant les écritures même
lorsqu'il y a erreur d'écriture comme sur les systèmes de fichiers RAID
* systèmes de fichiers qui prennent des instantanés, comme le serveur NFS de
Network Appliance
, charge moyenne : %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s trop grand --context (-Z) ne fonctionne qu'avec noyau activé pour SELinux --reflink peut seulement être utilisé avec --sparse=auto -R --dereference requiert soit -H ou -L -R -h requiert -P -ef ne permet pas -l -nt ne permet pas -l -ot ne permet pas -l ???
????? Avorté La famille d'adresses pour le nom d'hôte n'est pas prise en charge Alarme Tous les arguments obligatoires pour les options longues le sont aussi pour
les options courtes.
Toutes les requêtes ont été traitées Le tampon de l'argument est trop petit Arnold Robbins Appel système incorrect Valeur incorrecte pour ai_flags Brian Fox Tube brisé Erreur bus ATTENTION : notez que shred s'appuie sur l'importante supposition que le système
de fichiers écrasera les données en place. C'est la manière usuelle de procéder,
mais plusieurs systèmes de fichiers modernes ne sont pas conçus selon ce
principe. La liste suivante donne des exemples de systèmes de fichiers pour
lesquels le broyage n'est pas effectif dans tous les modes :
COMMENTAIRE Limite de temps CPU dépassée Exécute la fonction link() pour créer un lien nommé FILE2 sur le FILE1
existant.
Exécute la fonction unlink() pour supprimer le FILE spécifié.
Modifie l'ID effectif de l'utilisateur et l'ID du groupe à celui de USER.
-, -l, --login établit ce shell comme celui de la session de travail
-c, --command=COMMANDE passe une seule COMMANDE au shell avec -c
-f, --fast passe -f au shell (valable pour csh ou tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment ne réinitialise oas les variables d'environnement
-p identique à -m
-s, --shell=SHELL lance le SHELL si /etc/shells le permet
Change le groupe de chaque FILE en GROUP.
Avec l'option --reference, change le groupe de chaque FILE à celui de RFILE.
-c, --changes comme l'option « verbose » mais affiche seulement les
changements effectués
--dereference affecte le référent de chaque lien symbolique (par
défaut), plutôt que le lien symbolique lui-même
Change le mode de chaque FILE en MODE.
-c, --changes comme « verbose » mais affiche seulements les
changements réalisés
Change le propriétaire et/ou le groupe de chaque FILE à OWNER et/ou à GROUP.
Avec --reference, change le propriétaire et le groupe de chaque FILE à ceux de
RFILE.
-c, --changes comme verbeux mais rapporte seulement les
modifications réalisées
--dereference affecte le référent de chaque lien symbolique (par
défaut), plutôt que le lien symbolique lui-même
Change le contexte de sécurité de chaque FILE en CONTEXT.
Avec --reference, change le contexte de sécurité de chaque FILE à celui de
RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affecte les liens symboliques au lieu des fichiers
référencés
Chet Ramey Le fils a quitté Colin Plumb Compare les fichiers triés FILE1 et FILE2 ligne à ligne.
Concatène FILE(s), ou l'entrée standard, sur la sortie standard.
-A, --show-all équivalent à -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numérote les lignes non vides en sortie
-e équivalent à -vE
-E, --show-ends affiche $ à la fin de chaque ligne
-n, --number numérote toutes les lignes en sortie
-s, --squeeze-blank supprime les lignes vides qui se répètent en sortie
Repris Converti les blancs de chaque FILE par des tabulations, lors de l'écriture
sur la sortie standard.
Sans FILE ou quand le FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Convertit les tabulations de chaque FILE en espaces, en écrivant sur la sortie
standard. Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit de l'entrée standard.
Copie la SOURCE vers DEST, ou de multiples SOURCES vers DIRECTORY.
Copie un fichier en le convertissant et le formatant selon les opérandes.
bs=BYTES lit et écrit BYTES à la fois (voir aussi ibs= et obs=)
cbs=BYTES convertit BYTES octets à la fois
conv=CONVS convertit le fichier en liste de symboles séparés par une
virgule
count=BLOCKS copie seulement BLOCKS blocks d'entrée
ibs=BYTES lit BYTES octets à la fois (par défaut 512)
Copie l'entrée standard vers chaque FILE, et également vers la sortie standard.
-a, --append ajoute au(x) FILE(s), sans les écraser
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore les signaux d'interruption
Crée un fichier ou un répertoire temporaire, sûr, et affiche son nom.
TEMPLATE doit contenir au moins 3 « X » consécutifs dans la partie finale.
Si TEMPLATE n'est pas spécifié, tmp.XXXXXXXXXX et --tmpdir sont utilisés.
Crée des tubes nommés (FIFO) avec les noms NAMEs.
Crée le(s) répertoire(s) DIRECTORY s'il(s) n'existe(nt) pas.
Crée le fichier spécial avec le nom NAME et le TYPE donné.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnostique les noms de fichiers non valides ou non portables
-p vérifie pour la majorité des système POSIX
-P vérifie les noms vides et les « - » d'en-tête
--portability vérifie pour tous les systèmes POSIX (équivalent à -p -P)
Répertoire Affiche le statut d'un fichier ou d'un système de fichiers.
-L, --dereference suit les liens
-f, --file-system affiche le statut du système de fichiers au lieu du
statut du fichier
Affiche la date actuelle selon le FORMAT spécifié ou initialise la date système.
-d, --date=STRING affiche la date selon le format STRING, sans « now »
-f, --file=DATEFILE identique à --date pour chaque ligne de DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Élimine tous groupes supplémentaires, utilise l'ID utilisateur et l'ID du
groupe du spécifié USER (ID numérique ou nom), et exécute COMMAND avec les
ARGUMENTs spécifiés.
Quitte avec le statut 111 s'il est impossible d'obtenir les ID de l'utilisateur
et du groupe. Autrement, quitte avec le statut d'exécution de COMMAND.
Ce programme est utile lorsqu'il est exécuté par le root (ID utilisateur à
zéro).
Capture EMT EXIT Chaque intervalle est l'un de :
N Ne octet, caractère ou champ, compté à partir de 1
N- du Ne octet, caractère ou champ jusqu'à la fin de la ligne
N-M du Ne au Me octets (inclus), caractère ou champ
-M du premier au Me octets (inclus), caractère ou champ
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Duplique les chaînes STRING sur la sortie standard.
-n n'affiche pas de nouvelle de ligne de terminaison
Eric Blake Quitte avec un code status indiquant l'échec. Quitte avec le code de statut indiquant le succès. Termine l'exécution avec l'état déterminé par EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard ÉCHEC FIXME : inconnu FORMAT doit permettre d'afficher un argument de type « double » ;
par défaut à %.PRECf si FIRST, INCREMENT et LAST sont tous décimaux en
notation fixe avec une précision maximum PREC, et à %g sinon.
Les FIFO n'ont pas de numéros mineur et majeur de périphérique. Taille de fichier dépassée Sys. de fichiers Sys. fich. Type Filtre les lignes adjacentes correspondantes depuis INPUT (entrée standard),
en écrivant dans OUTPUT (ou la sortie standard).
Sans option, les lignes correspondantes sont fusionnées sur la première
occurence.
Exception de virgule flottante Pour une documentation complète, lancer « info coreutils '%s invocation' »
Pour chaque paire de lignes en entrée ayant des champs de fusion identiques,
affiche une ligne sur la sortie standard.
Le champ de fusion par défaut est le premier, délimité par un blanc.
Si FILE1 ou FILE2 (pas les 2) est -, lit l'entrée standard.
-a FILENUM affiche les lignes non associables provenant du fichier
FILENUM, où FILENUM est 1 ou 2, correspondant à FILE1 ou
FILE2
-e EMPTY remplace les champs d'entrée manquants par EMPTY
Force l'écriture des blocs modifiés sur disque et la mise à jour du super bloc.
Aide générale sur les logiciels GNU :
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Déconnexion E/S possible INACTIF Ian Lance Taylor Disponible Si FILE n'est pas spécifié, utilise %s. %s en tant que FILE est usuel.
Instruction illégalle En plus, l'archivage des système de fichiers et les miroirs à distance peuvent
contenir des copies des fichiers qui ne peuvent être supprimés et qui
permettront à un fichier broyé d'être récupéré ultérieurement.
Nom réel : Dans le 1er format, crée un lien vers TARGET avec le nom LINK_NAME.
Dans le 2e format, crée un lien vers TARGET dans le répertoire actuel.
Dans le 3e et 4e format, crée des liens vers chaque TARGET dans DIRECTORY.
Crée des liens directs par défaut et des liens symboliques avec --symbolic.
À la création de liens directs, chaque TARGET doit exister. Les liens
symboliques peuvent contenir un texte arbitraire ; s'il est résolu par la suite,
un lien relatif est interprété comme une relation avec son répertoire parent.
Dans le cas du système de fichier ext3, la déclaration ci-avant s'applique (et
shred dispose d'une efficacité limitée) seulement en mode data=journal, dans
lequel les journaux enregistrent les données en plus des métadonnées. Dans les
deux modes data=ordered (par défaut) et data=writeback, shred travaille comme
d'habitude. Les modes de journalisation ext3 peuvent être changés en ajoutant
data=something aux options de montage pour un système de fichiers particulier
dans le fichier /etc/fstab, tel que documenté dans la page man de mount (man
mount).
Infinité B Requête d'information Interrompu Interrompu par un signal Référence de retour non valide Nom de classe de caractère non valide Caractère non valide dans une séquence Contenu de \{\} non valide Expression régulière précédente non valide Fin d'intervalle non valide Expression régulière non valide James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Tué LIGNE IDENTIFIANT Affiche les informations à propos des FILE(s) (du répertoire actuel par défaut).
Trie les entrées alphabétiquement si aucune des options -cftuvSUX ou --sort
n'est utilisées.
Identifiant Identifiant : Les arguments obligatoires pour les options longues le sont aussi pour les
options courtes.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Échec d'allocation mémoire Mémoire insuffisante Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NOM Nom Nom ou service inconnu Aucune adresse n'est associée au nom d'hôte Aucune correspondance Pas d'expression régulière précédente Échec non récupérable à la résolution de nom OK Seulement une chaîne peut être spécifiée lors d'une destruction sans
réduction des répétitions L'option --string sans nombre implique 3, l'option --width sans nombre
implique 32. Par défaut, od utilise -A o -t oS -w16.
Options de tri :
Autres Options :
Affiche un index permuté, incluant le contexte des mots des fichiers d'entrée.
Commande d'affichage pour initialiser la variable d'environnement LS_COLORS.
Détermine le format de sortie :
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell code de sortie pour un shell Bourne pour
initialiser la variable LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell code de sortie pour un shell C pour initialiser
la variable LS_COLORS
-p, --print-data-base utilise les valeurs par défaut
Affiche sur la sortie des morceaux de INPUT de taille fixe selon PREFIXaa,
PREFIXab, ... ; par défaut la taille est de 1000 lignes et le préfixe par
défaut est « x ».
Sans INPUT ou quand INPUT est -, la lecture se fait sur l'entrée standard.
Extraire des séquences de FILE séparées par PATTERN(s) vers les fichiers
« xx01 », « xx02 », etc, ainsi que le taille en octets de chaque séquence sur
la sortie standard.
Affiche les limites de la plate-forme dans un format utiles aux scripts shell.
Affiche les utilisateurs connectés selon FILE.
Si FILE est spécifié, utilise %s. %s en tant que FILE est usuel.
Écrase le fichier FILE spécifié de manière répétitive, afin de rendre difficile
toute récupération des données par du matériel même coûteux.
PID Paquet réalisé par %s
Paquet réalisé par %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Pagine ou met en colonne les FILE(s) pour impression.
Paramètre de chaîne non correctement codé Mot de passe : Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan :
Panne d'alimentation Fin prématurée d'expression régulière Affiche les ARGUMENTS selon le FORMAT, ou exécute selon OPTION :
Affiche la somme de contrôle CRC et le décompte d'octets de chaque FILE.
Affiche NAME sans le précéder des composants des noms de répertoires
Si spécifié, enlève aussi SUFFIX en terminaison.
Affiche NAME en supprimant le /composant de terminaison ; si NOM ne contient pas
de « / », la sortie sera « . » (signifiant le répertoire actuel).
Affiche certaines informations système. Sans OPTION, identique à -s.
-a, --all affiche toutes les informations, dans l'ordre
suivant, mais sans -p et -i s'il sont inconnus :
-s, --kernel-name affiche le nom du kernel
-n, --nodename affiche le nom du noeud réseau (hostname)
-r, --kernel-release affiche la version du noyau
Affiche la somme de contrôle et le nombre de blocs de chaque FILE.
-r utilise l'algorithme de calcul de somme BSD avec des blocs de
1K octets
-s, --sysv utilise l'algorithme de calcul de somme de Système V avec des
blocs de 512 octets
Affiche l'appartenance à des groupes pour chaque USERNAME ou, pour le processus
actuel (qui peut être différent si la base de données des groupes a changé) si
aucun USERNAME n'est spécifié.
Affiche des informations sur les utilisateurs connectés.
Affiche l'architecture machine.
Affiche les nombres de FIRST jusqu'à LAST, par pas de INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT utilise FORMAT comme le style virgule flottante de
printf
-s, --separator=STRING utilise STRING pour séparer les nombres (défaut : \n)
-w, --equal-width équilibre la largeur en remplissant l'en-tête par des
zéros
Affiche ou modifie les caractéristiques du terminal.
-a, --all affiche toutes les paramètres actuels dans un format
humainement lisible
-g, --save affiche toutes les paramètres actuels dans un format
lisible par « stty »
-F, --file=DEVICE utilise le périphérique spécifié au lieu de stdin
Affiche des extraits de lignes de chaque FILE vers la sortie standard.
Affiche la date actuelle, la durée depuis laquelle le système a été amorcé,
le nombre d'utilisateurs sur le système, et le nombre moyen de tâches
dans la file d'exécution depuis les 1, 5 et 15 dernières minutes. Affiche le nom de fichier du terminal relié à l'entrée standard.
-s, --silent, --quiet n'affiche rien, retourne seulement un statut de fin
d'exécution
Affiche les 10 premières lignes de chaque FILE sur la sortie standard.
Chaque fichier est précédé d'une en-tête avec son nom, si plusieurs fichiers.
En l'absence de FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit de l'entrée standard.
Affiche le nom complet du fichier du répertoire de travail actuel.
Affiche les %d dernières lignes de chaque FILE sur la sortie standard.
Avec plusieurs fichiers FILE, précéde chacun d'une en-tête donnant le nom.
En l'absence de FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Affiche le nom de l'utilisateur actuel.
Affiche le nombre d'unités de traitement disponibles pour le processus actuel,
qui peut être inférieur au nombre de processeurs actifs
Affiche les facteurs premiers de chaque NUMBER entiers spécifiés.
Si aucun argument n'est fourni, les nombres sont lus depuis l'entrée standard.
Affiche le nom de l'utilisateur associé à l'ID effectif actuel.
Identique à « id -un ».
Affiche les informations d'utilisateur et de groupe pour USERNAME indiqué,
ou pour l'utilisateur actuel quand USERNAME est omis.
-a ignorée, pour compatibilité avec les autres versions
-Z, --context affiche seulement le contexte de sécurité de l'utilisateur
actuel
-g, --group affiche seulement l'ID du groupe effectif
-G, --groups affiche tous les ID de groupes
-n, --name affiche le nom au lieu du numéro, pour -ugG
-r, --real affiche l'ID réel à la place de l'ID effectif, avec -ugG
-u, --user affiche seulement l'ID effectif de l'utilisateur
Affiche la valeur d'un lien symbolique ou son nom canonique
Requête de traitement en cours Temps de profiling expiré Projet : Q. Frank Xia Quitté Randy Smith Signal temps-réel %d Reformate chaque paragraphe de FILE, en écrivant sur la sortie standard.
L'option -WIDTH est un forme abrégée de --width=DIGITS.
Expression régulière trop longue Supprime (retire le lien) les fichiers FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore les fichiers inexistants, ne demande jamais
-i demande confirmation avant chaque suppression
Supprime les répertoires DIRECTORY, s'ils sont vides.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore les échecs qui sont uniquement dûs à répertoire non
vide
Renomme SOURCE en DEST, ou déplace SOURCE(s) vers DIRECTORY.
Affiche à répétition une ligne de caractères avec toutes les chaînes STRING
spécifiées, ou « y ».
Signalez les anomalies de « %s » : <%s>
Traduction de « %s » à
Requête annulée Requête non annulée Ressource perdue Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Exécute COMMAND avec un niveau de priorité ajusté.
Sans COMMAND, affiche le niveau actuel de priorité. L'étendue des niveaux va de
%d (priorité la plus favorable d'ordonnancement) à %d (la moins favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N ajoute la valeur entière N à la valeur de la priorité
(10 par défaut)
Exécute COMMAND avec le répertoire root initialisé à NEWROOT.
Exécute COMMAND en ignorant les signaux de déconnexion.
Exécute COMMAND, avec des opérations de mises en tampon modifiées pour ses flux
standards.
Exécute un programme dans un contexte de sécurité différent.
Sans CONTEXT ni COMMAND, affiche le contexte de sécurité actuel.
CONTEXT contexte de sécurité complet
-c, --compute calcul le contexte de transition de processus avant de le
modifier
-t, --type=TYPE type (pour le même rôle que le parent)
-u, --user=USER identité utilisateur
-r, --role=ROLE rôle
-l, --range=RANGE niveau
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Erreur de segmentation Transmet les signaux aux processus ou liste les signaux.
Servname n'est pas pris en charge avec ai_socktype Définissez LC_ALL='C' pour contourner le problème. Initialise chaque NAME à VALUE dans l'environnement et exécute COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment démarre avec un environnement vide
-0, --null termine chaque ligne de sortie avec l'octet 0 au
lieu d'une ligne nouvelle
-u, --unset=NAME enlève la variable de l'environment
Shell : Affiche des informations sur le système de fichiers sur lequel chaque
chaque FILE réside ou de tous les systèmes de fichiers par défaut.
Réduit ou étend la taille de chaque FILE à la taille spécifiée
Un argument FILE qui n'existe pas, est créé.
Si FILE est plus grand que la taille spécifiée, les données restantes sont
perdues. Si FILE est plus court, il est étendu et la partie supplémentaire
(trou) contient des octets à zéro.
Simon Josefsson Les fichiers spéciaux requièrent les numéros majeur et mineur de périphériques. Erreur de pile Arrêté Arrêté (signal) Arrêté (entrée tty) Arrêté (sortie tty) Stuart Kemp Succès Synthétise l'utilisation de l'espace disque pour chaque FILE, récursivement
pour les répertoires.
Erreur système HEURE Échec temporaire de résolution de nom Terminé Les drapeaux optionnels suivants peuvent suivre « % » :
- (hyphen) ne remplit pas le champs
_ (underscore) remplit avec espace
0 (zero) remplit avec zéro
^ emploie majuscule si possible
# emploie la casse opposée si possible
Les options suivantes modifient la façon dont la hiérarchie est traversée
lorsque l'option -R est aussi spécifiée. Si plusieurs options sont indiquées,
seule la dernière sera prise en compte.
-H si l'argument en ligne de commande est un lien
symbolique vers un répertoire alors le parcourir
-L parcourt tous les liens symboliques menant à un
répertoire
-P ne parcourt aucun lien symbolique (par défaut)
Les chaînes comparées étaient %s et %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/point d'arrêt capturé Barre oblique inverse finale Converti, compresse et/ou élimine des caractères de l'entrée standard en
écrivant sur la sortie standard.
-c, -C, --complement complément à un de SET1
-d, --delete supprime les caractères de SET1, ne convertit
pas
-s, --squeeze-repeats remplace chaque séquence en entrée de caractères
répétés qui apparaît dans SET1 par une seule
occurence de ce caractère
-t, --truncate-set1 tronque d'abord SET1 à la longueur de SET2
Saisissez « %s --help » pour plus d'informations.
Essayez « %s ./%s » pour supprimer le fichier %s.
Deux chaînes doivent être spécifiées quand à la fois suppression et compression se répètent. Deux chaînes doivent être spécifiées lors de la conversion. Ulrich Drepper Erreur inconnue Signal inconnu %d Erreur système inconnue ( ou \( sans correspondance ) ou \) sans correspondance [ ou [^ sans correspondance \{ sans correspondance Met à jour la date d'accès et de modification de chaque FILE à l'heure actuelle.
Un argument FILE qui n'existe pas est créé vide, sauf si -c ou -h est spécifié.
Une chaîne d'argument FILE à - est géré spécifiquement et fait que touch
change la date du fichier associé à la sortie standard.
Condition d'E/S urgente Utilisation : %s
Utilisation : %s COMMAND [ARG]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
ou : %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Utilisation : %s EXPRESSION
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s FILE
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s FILE1 FILE2
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s NAME
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s NAME [SUFFIX]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
ou : %s OPTION
Effectue une pause de NUMBER secondes. SUFFIX peut être « s » pour des
secondes (par défaut), « m » pour minutes, « h » pour heures ou « d »
pour des jours. Contrairement à la plupart des implémentations qui requièrent un
nombre entier, ici NUMBER peut être un nombre arbitraire en virgule flottante.
Avec plusieurs arguments, la pause se fait selon la somme des valeurs.
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... COMMAND
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Utilisation : %s [-F DEVICE] | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
ou : %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
ou : %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Utilisation : %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Utilisation : %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
ou : %s -l [SIGNAL]...
ou : %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Utilisation : %s [FILE]...
ou : %s [OPTION]
Utilisation : %s [NOM]
ou : %s OPTION
Affiche ou définit le nom d'hôte du système actuel.
Utilisation : %s [NUMBER]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s [OPERAND]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]
Utilisation : %s OPTION
Affiche l'identificateur numérique (en hexadécimal) de l'hôte actuel.
Utilisation : %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s [OPTION] [COMMAND] [ARG]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Affiche une liste entièrement ordonnée en cohérence avec le tri partiel de FILE.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... FILE
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... LAST
ou : %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
ou : %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE
ou : %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAHOR MINOR]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
ou : %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
ou : %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
ou : %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
ou : %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
ou : %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1er format)
ou : %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2e format)
ou : %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3e format)
ou : %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4e format)
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
ou : %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
ou : %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 code ou décode FILE, ou l'entrée standard, sur la sortie standard.
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
ou : %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
ou : %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
ou : %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Affiche ou vérifie les sommes de contrôle %s (%d-bits).
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (sans l'option -G)
ou : %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:GROUP] FILE...
ou : %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Utilisation : %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]
Affiche les valeurs de(s) VARIABLE(s) d'environnement spécifiées.
Si aucune VARIABLE n'est spécifiée, affiche le nom et la valeur de chacune.
Utilisation : %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
ou : %s LONG-OPTION
Utilisation : %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
ou : %s LONG-OPTION
Utilisation : %s [STRING]...
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : %s [arguments de la ligne de commande ignorés]
ou : %s OPTION
Utilisation : test EXPRESSION
ou : test
ou : [ EXPRESSION ]
ou : [ ]
ou : %s OPTION ]
Signal 1 défini par l'utilisateur Signal 2 défini par l'utilisateur L'utilisation de -s ignore -L et -P. Autrement, la dernière option indiquée
contrôle le comportement lorsque la source est un lien symbolique, utilisant
par défaut %s.
Les arguments valides sont : Séquences valides de format pour les systèmes de fichiers :
%a blocs libres disponibles pour un non super-utilisateur
%b total des blocs de données dans le système de fichiers
%c total des nœuds de fichiers dans le système de fichiers
%d nœuds de fichiers libres dans le système de fichiers
%f blocs libres dans le système de fichiers
%C chaîne de contexte de sécurité SELinux
Temps virtuel expiré ATTENTION : --page-increment est déconseillée, utilisez plutôt --line-increment Attention : --preserve_context est déconseillé ; utilisez --preserve-context AVERTISSEMENT: structure de répertoire circulaire.
Cela signifie très certainement que votre système de fichiers est corrompu.
AVISER VOTRE ADMINISTRATEUR SYSTÈME.
Le répertoire suivant fait parti du cycle:
%s
Attention : --context (-Z) a été ignoré car SELinux n'est pas activé sur ce noyau Attention : --preserve-context a été ignoré car SELinux n'est pas activé sur ce noyau. Attention : l'option --strip-program a été ignorée car l'option -s n'a pas été spécifiée Avertissement : Quand Où Fenêtre changée Avec l'option --follow (-f), tail utilise par défaut le descripteur de fichier,
lui ainsi permettant de suivre l'évolution du fichier ciblé même s'il change de
nom. Ce comportement par défaut n'est pas désirable lorsqu'on désire suivre
l'évolution d'un fichier à l'aide de son nom et non via le descripteur de
fichier (par ex. lors de la rotation des journaux). Dans ce cas, utilisez
--follow=name et tail suivra l'évolution du fichier en s'accomodant des
changements de nom, des suppressions ou des créations.
Effectue la césure des lignes d'entrée de chaque FILE (entrée standard par
défaut), en écrivant sur la sortie standard.
Affiche une permutation aléatoire des lignes entrées sur la sortie standard.
Écrit chaque FILE sur la sortie standard, la dernière ligne en premier.
En l'absence de FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Affiche chaque FILE sur la sortie standard avec les numéros de ligne.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Écrit séquentiellement les lignes correspondantes de chaque
FILE, séparées par des tabulations, vers la sortie standard.
Sans FILE, ou quand FILE est -, lit l'entrée standard.
Affiche la concaténation triée de tous les FILE(s) sur la sortie standard.
Écrit par %s et %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s et d'autres.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s et %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
et %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
%s et %s.
Écrit par %s, %s, %s,
et %s.
Écrit par %s, %s et %s.
Écrit par %s.
les expressions [=c=] ne peuvent pas apparaître dans string2 à la traduction ^[nN] ^[oOyY] « « -%c' » caractères superflus ou nombre non valide dans l'argument : %s « --page=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE] » argument manquant « -N NUMBER » nombre de début de ligne non valide : %s « -W PAGE_WIDTH » nombre non valide de caractères : %s « -l PAGE_LENGTH » nombre non valide de lignes : %s « -o MARGIN » saut de ligne non valide : %s « -w PAGE_WIDTH » nombre non valide de caractères : %s une commande doit être indiquée avec un ajustement accès à %s ai_family non pris en charge ai_socktype n'est pas pris en charge. argument %s ambigu pour %s un délimiteur peut être spécifié seulement quand des champs sont manipulés la sortie est ajoutée à %s l'archivage de %s pourrait détruire la source ; %s n'a pas été copié l'archivage de %s pourrait détruire la source ; %s n'a pas été déplacé type d'archive fichier spécial de bloc fichier spécial de bloc non pris en charge les préfixes SI et IEC sont présents dans les unités les deux fichiers ne peuvent pas être l'entrée standard. le décalage d'octet %s est trop grand impossible d'appliquer un contexte partiel à un fichier non étiquetté %s impossible d'obtenir le contexte de traitement impossible d'accéder à %s impossible d'archiver %s ne peut pas afficher à la fois un résumé et toutes les entrées impossible de modifier l'appartenance de %s impossible de changer les permissions de %s impossible de changer le répertoire racine vers %s impossible d'aller vers le répertoire %s impossible d'aller dans le répertoire racine ne peut pas combiner --target-directory (-t) et --no-target-directory (-T) impossible de combiner --target-directory et --no-target-directory impossible de combiner les options -e et -i ne peut pas combiner deux options parmi ascii, ebcdic et ibm ne peut pas combiner block et unblock ne peut combiner excl et nocreat ne peut pas combiner lcase et ucase impossible de combiner les options mode et --reference impossible de combiner le signal avec -l or -t impossible de comparer les noms de fichier %s et %s impossible de convertir U+%04X en un jeu de caractères local impossible de convertir U+%04X au jeu de caractères local « %s » impossible de créer un répertoire (%s) dans lui-même (%s) impossible de copier liens symboliques cycliques %s impossible de créer le répertoire %s impossible de créer la FIFO %s impossible de créer le lien direct %s vers %s impossible de créer le lien %s impossible de créer le lien %s sur %s impossible de créer le fichier standard %s impossible de créer le fichier spécial %s impossible de créer le lien symbolique %s impossible de créer le lien symbolique %s vers %s impossible de créer le fichier temporaire dans %s impossible de déréférencer %s impossible de déterminer le périphérique et l'inode de %s impossible de déterminer le nom d'hôte impossible de déterminer l'emplacement de %s, retour à l'interrogation active impossible d'exécuter ioctl sur %s impossible de trouver le nom du groupe avec l'ID %lu impossible de trouver le nom de l'utilisateur pour l'ID %lu impossible de suivre %s selon son nom impossible de forcer le contexte cible à %s et de le préserver imposssible d'évaluer %s par fstat() impossible d'obtenir le répertoire actuel impossible d'obtenir le niveau de priorité impossible d'obtenir le nom de système ne peut lseek() %s ne peut pas créer à la fois un lien symbolique et direct ne peut créer le répertoire %s impossible de déplacer %s vers %s ne peut déplacer %s vers un sous-répertoire de lui-même %s impossible de déplacer le répertoire dans un non-répertoire : %s -> %s impossible d'ouvrir %s en lecture impossible d'ouvrir %s en écriture impoossible d'ouvrir le répertoire %s impossible d'opérer sur un lien symbolique ballant %s impossible d'écraser le répertoire %s par un non-répertoire impossible d'écraser le non-répertoire %s par le répertoire %s impossible mettre en forme la sortie formatée ne peut pas préserver les attributs étendus, cp est compilé sans la prise en charge xattr ne peut préserver le contexte de sécurité en dehors d'un noyau SELinux impossible d'afficher le « seulement » parmi plusieurs choix impossible d'afficher seulement les noms ou les ID réels dans le format par défaut impossible d'afficher le contexte de sécurité quand un utilisateur est spécifié impossible de lire le répertoire %s impossible de lire les noms de fichiers à partir de %s impossible de lire les informations du système de fichier pour %s impossible de lire l'horloge temps réel impossible de lire le lien symbolique %s ne peut pas lire la table des systèmes de fichiers montés impossible de supprimer %s impossible de supprimer le répertoire : %s impossible de repositionner le pointeur de fichier pour %s impossible d'exécuter %s impossible de définir %s ne peut initialiser la date. impossible d'initialiser l'ID du groupe impossible de définir l'ID de groupe à %lu impossible d'initialiser les groupes impossible de définir le nom d'hôte ; le système ne prend pas en charge cette fonctionnalité impossible de définir le nom à %s impossible d'obtenir le niveau de priorité impossible de définir le format horaire pour %s impossible d'initialiser l'ID de l'utilisateur impossible de définir l'ID utilisateur à %lu impossible d'ignorer au delà de la fin de l'entrée combinée impossible de spécifier --null (-0) avec command impossible de spécifier un affichage à la fois croisé et en parallèle impossible de spécifier le nombre de colonnes lors d'une impression en parallèle impossible de spécifier les dates pour plusieurs sources impossible de séparer de plusieurs manières impossible d'évaluer %s impossible d'exécuter stat sur le répertoire actuel (%s) impossible d'utiliser stat sur l'entrée standard impossible de faire un touch %s impossible de désarchiver %s impossible de supprimer %s impossible d'indéfinir %s impossible de surveiller %s impossible de surveiller le répertoire parent de %s ne peut finalement pas contourner une anomalie du noyau groupe changé de %s en %s
appartenance changée de %s en %s
modification du groupe de %s changement de propriétaire pour %s modification des permissions de %s changement du contexte de sécurité de %s
adresse relative du caractère est zéro caractère hors limites fichier spécial de caractères fichier spécial de caractères non pris en charge réinitialisation des permissions de %s changement d'horloge échec de fermeture fermeture de %s fermeture %s (fd=%d) fermeture du répertoire %s fermeture du fichier d'entrée %s fermeture du fichier de sortie %s fermeture de l'entrée standard le mode de compatibilité ne prend pas en charge plusieurs fichiers chaînes de remplacement de champ vide conflictuelles paramètres de contexte de sécurité en conflit impossible de définir la mise en tampon de %s au mode %s
impossible de créer le processus pour %s -d impossible de créer le fichier le fichier temporaire impossible d'exécuter %s impossible d'exécuter %s -d impossible de repérer l'entrée du répertoire dans %s concordant avec l'inode impossible d'obtenir la date de démarrage création du répertoire %s création du répertoire %s création du fichier %s
création d'un lien direct %s création d'un lien direct de %s vers %s création d'un lien direct sur %.0s%s création d'un lien symbolique %s création d'un lien symbolique %s vers %s la liste des délimiteurs termine avec une barre oblique inverse non neutralisée : %s répertoire division par zéro dup2 a échoué %s vide n'est pas autorisé nom de fichier vide tabulation vide erreur à la fermeture du fichier erreur dans l'expression régulière recherchée erreur dans la recherche de l'expression régulière erreur d'initialisation des chaînes de mois erreur au suivi d'un évènement inotify erreur de lecture %s erreur à la lecture d'un évènement inotify erreur d'attente de la commande erreur à l'écriture de %s sortie= argument surnuméraire %s opérande supplémentaire %s opérande suplémentaire %s
opérande suplémentaire « %s » non permise avec -%c impossible de changer le contexte de %s à %s impossible de changer le groupe %s en %s
impossible de changer le mode de %s en %04lo (%s).
impossible de changer l'appartenance de %s
impossible de changer de l'appartenance de %s en %s
impossible de chdir vers %s impossible de cloner %s impossible de créer un nouveau contexte impossible de créer le répertoire à partir du modèle %s impossible de créer le fichier à partir du modèle %s impossible de créer le contexte de sécurité : %s impossible d'obtenir les attributs de %s impossible de récupérer le contexte actuel impossible d'obtenir le contexte de création du système de fichiers impossible d'obtenir les groups pour le processus actuel impossible d'obtenir les groupes pour l'utilisateur %s impossible de récupérer du contexte de sécurité de %s impossible de repérer le fichier %s impossible d'ouvrir %s impossible de préserver l'auteur pour %s impossible de préserver l'appartenance pour %s échec de préservation des permissions de %s échec de préservation des dates pour %s échec de redirection vers l'erreur standard impossible de rédiriger stderr vers /dev/null échec de suppression de %s échec de suppression du répertoire %s impossible de rendre inutilisable la sortie standard impossible d'ouvrir à nouveau %s en mode %s impossible de restaurer le contexte de création de fichier par défaut impossible de revenir au répertoire de travail initial impossible d'exécuter la commande %s impossible de définir le composant de contexte de sécurité %s à %s impossible de définir des groupes supplémentaires impossible de définir le contexte de création de fichier par défaut à %s impossible de définir l'ID de groupe impossible de définir le nouveau rôle %s impossible de définir le nouveau rôle %s impossible de définir le nouveau type %s impossible de définir le nouvel utilisateur %s impossible de définir les groupes supplémentaires échec de copie sur stderr lors de l'exécution de la fermeture impossible de définir le contexte de sécurité de %s en %s impossible de définir l'ID de l'utilisateur échec d'évaluation par stat() de %s impossible de désactiver O_DIRECT : %s impossible de mettre à jour l'environnement avec %s fdatasync a échoué pour %s échec de fflush le numéro de champ %s est trop grand numéro de champ est zéro champs et positions sont numérotés à partir de 1 FIFO fichier %d n'est pas dans l'ordre attendu les opérandes fichier ne peuvent pas être combinés avec --files0-from les opérandes de fichier ne peuvent être combinés avec --print-database (-p). le système de fichiers %s est à la fois sélectionné et exclu échec de l'appel système fork le format %s termine avec %% le format %s ne contient pas de directive %% le format %s contient trop de directives %% le format %s contient une directive %%%c inconnue format de chaîne ne peut pas être spécifié quand l'impression est égal à la largeur des chaînes fsync a échoué pour %s échec de fts_close échec de fts_read getpass() : impossible d'ouvrir /dev/tty obtention des nouveaux attributs de %s le groupe d'appartenance de %s qui a été retenu est %s
fonction iconv non disponible fonction iconv non utilisable id= ignore tous les arguments les entrées sont ignorées les entrées sont ignorées et la sortie est ajoutée à %s ignore l'entrée et redirige stderr sur stdout ignore la la taille de tabulation de la variable d'environnement TABSIZE :%s ignore la valeur non valide de la variable d'environnement QUOTING_STYLE : %s ignore la largeur non valide de la variable d'environnement COLUMNS : %s ignore les arguments qui ne sont pas des options jonction incompatible des champs %lu, %lu tabulations incompatibles mot de passe incorrect inotify ne peut pas être utilisé, retour à l'interrogation active l'entrée a disparue la ligne d'entrée est trop longue échec de déplacement inter-périphérique de %s vers %s ; impossible de supprimer la cible %s%s argument non valide « %s » argument -- %s non valide %s ajustement non valide %s argument non valide %s argument %s non valide pour %s le style de numérotation de corps est non valide : %s mode %s de mise en tampon pour %s non valide
octet ou liste de champs non valide. le caractère « %c » est non valide dans le type de chaîne %s caractère de classe non valide %s contexte non valide : %s conversion non valide le symbole de conversion %c est non valide dans le suffixe le symbole de conversion \%.3o est non valide dans le suffixe date non valide %s format de date non valide %s intervalle décroissant non valide périphérique non valide %s %s type de périphérique non valide %s numéro de champ non valide : %s spécificateur de champ non valide : %s largeur de champ non valide : %s numéro de fichier non valide le champ spécifié : %s argument en virgule flottante non valide : %s le style de numérotation de pied de page est non valide : %s précision de format non valide largeur de format non valide largeur de saut non valide : %s groupe non valide groupe non valide %s list de groupes non valide %s groupe non valide : %s le style de numérotation d'en-tête est non valide : %s entrée non valide drapreau d'entrée non valide intervalle d'entrée non valide %s entier non valide %s argument numérique non valide %s compteur ligne non valide %s discipline de ligne non valide %s la largeur du champ de la numérotation de ligne non valide : %s l'incrément du nombre de ligne est non valide : %s le format de numérotation de ligne est non valide : %s largeur de ligne non valide : %s numéro majeur de périphérique non valide %s profondeur maximum %s non valide numéro mineur de périphérique non valide %s mode non valide mode non valide %s mode non valide : %s nombre non valide %s nombre non valide après « , » nombre non valide après « - » nombre non valide après « . » nombre non valide dans le champ de départ le nombre de lignes blanches est non valide : %s nombre d'octets non valide nombre d'octets à comparer non valide nombre d'octets à ignorer non valide nombre non valide de colonnes : %s nombre de champs à ignorer non valide nombre de lignes non valide nombre non valide de lignes: 0 option non valide --%c option non valide -- %c ; -WIDTH est reconnue seulement lorsque c'est la
première option ; utilisez -w N à la place l'adresse de base « %c » est non valide, cela doit être caractère parmi [doxn] drapeau de sortie non valide intervalle de pages non valide %s précision non valide : %s intervalle non valide sans limite de fin : - compteur de répétion %s non valide dans [c*n] spec non valide le numéro de ligne de départ non valide : %s drapeau d'état non valide le suffixe %s est non valide car il contient un séparateur de répertoires suffixe non valide dans l'argument « %s » de %s%s taille de tabulation non valide : %s modèle non valide, %s, contient des séparateurs de répertoires modèle non valide, %s ; avec --tmpdir, peut ne pas être absolu intervalle de temps non valide %s format de style de temps non valide %s option de terminaison non valide -- %c type de chaîne %s non valide type de chaîne non valide %s;
ce système ne prend pas en charge le type en point flottant %lu-byte type de chaîne %s non valide;
ce système ne permet pas le type entier %lu-byte nom de caractère universel non valide \%c%0*x utilisateur non valide utilisateur non valide %s largeur non valide : %s longueur de césure non valide : %s nom de fichier de longueur nulle non valide il est dangereux d'opérer récursivement sur %s il est dangereux d'opérer récursivement sur %s (identique à %s) dernier= « - » d'en-tête dans une partie du nom de fichier %s la limite %lu est dépassée par la longueur %lu du nom de fichier %s la limite %lu est dépassée par la longueur %lu d'une partie du nom de fichier %s la mise en tampon de stdin ne signifie rien l'option compteur de ligne -%s%c est trop grande le numéro de ligne %s est plus petit que le numéro précédent de ligne %s débordement du numéro de ligne l'argument maximum --%s avec la rlimit actuelle est %s mémoire insuffisante file de messages l'argument minimum --%s est %s la structure [:upper:] et/ou [:lower:] est mal alignée la spéfication de conversion %% est manquante dans le suffixe « ] » manquant argument manquant après %s argument manquant pour %s caractère de nom de classe « [::] » manquant symbole de conversion manquant dans le suffixe opérande du fichier cible manquant après %s caractère d'équivalence de classe « [==] » manquant opérande fichier manquant nombre hexadécimal manquant dans l'échappement liste des champs manquante liste des positions manquante opérande manquant opérande manquant après %s le mode doit seulement spécifier les bits de permission de fichier le mode de %s a été modifié en %04lo (%s).
le mode de %s a été conservé à %04lo (%s).
tab multi-caractères %s multiples options -l spécifiées multiples options -l ou -t spécifiées multiples programmes de compression spécifiés multiples délimiteurs spécifiés intervalles de niveaux multiples options multiples fichiers de sortie spécifiées multiples formats de fichiers de sortie spécifiés multiples sources aléatoires spécifiées plusieurs modificateurs relatifs spécifiés rôles multiples multiples répertoires cibles spécifiés types multiples utilisateurs multiples ni le lien symbolique %s ni la référence n'ont changé.
aucune variable d'environnement SHELL, et aucune option de type de shell spécifiée impossible de changer l'appartenance de %s
aucune commande spécifiée aucun système de fichiers traité aucun fichier restant aucune d'entrée depuis %s aucun identifiant aucun ID de processus spécifié aucun type ne peut être spécifié lors de l'affichage brut des chaînes aucun nom d'utilisateur spécifié; au moins doit être spécifié lorsque -l est utilisée caractère non portable %s dans le nom du fichier %s n'est pas un tty n'écrit pas à travers le lien symbolique ballant %s le numéro dans %s est trop grand le ombre d'octets le nombre de lignes débordement du décalage à la lecture du fichier %s omission du répertoire %s une seule structure de répétition [c*] peut apparaître dans string2 un seul périphérique peut être spécifié un seul type de liste peut être spécifié échec d'ouverture ouverture de %s option utilisée dans un contexte non valide -- %c les options --backup et --no-clobber sont mutuellement exclusives les options --compate (-C) et --preserve-timestamps sont mutuellement exclusifs les options --compare (-C) et --strip sont mutuellement exclusives les options « -%s » sont incompatibles les suffixes des fichiers de sortie sont épuisés débordement lors de l'augmentation de la taille du fichier %s débordement lors de l'arrondi supérieur de la taille du fichier %s l'appartenance de %s a été retenue
l'appartenance de %s a été conservée en %s
débordement du numéro de page la largeur de page est trop petite préserve les permissions pour %s préservation des dates pour %s affiche toutes les lignes dupliquées et le décompte de répétition est inutile les limites de l'intervalle « %s-%s » sont en ordre de séquence
de comparaison inverse. erreur de lecture échec de lecture lecture de %s lecture du répertoire %s enregistrement trop grand redirige stderr sur stdout fichier vide fichier %s supprimé
répertoire supprimé : %s
suppression du répertoire %s niveau d'exécution sémaphore le séparateur ne peut pas être vide définissez LC_ALL='C' pour contourner le problème initialisation des drapeaux pour %s initialisation des permissions de %s initialisation des dates de %s objet de mémoire partagée octets ignorés + le nombre d'octets lus est trop grand ignore %s, du fait qu'il est sur un périphérique différent ignore le fichier %s car il a été remplacé durant la copie socket erreur standard entrée standard l'entrée standard est fermée sortie standard échec de stat() stderr stdin stdout caractère égaré dans le champ de spécification échec de comparaison de chaîne impossible de transformer la chaîne le traitement en chaîne s'est arrêté anormalement la suppression des lignes non-délimitées est permise
seulement lorsque des champs sont manipulés. lien symbolique erreur de syntaxe démarrage système la taille de la tabulation ne peut être 0 la taille de la tabulation contient des caractères non valides : %s les tailles de tabulation doivent être croissantes l'arrêt de tabulation %s est trop grand la valeur de l'arrêt de tabulation est trop grand les tabulations sont trop éloignées la cible %s n'est pas un répertoire un répertoire cible n'est pas autorisé à l'installation d'un répertoire term= test et/ou [ les options --binary et --text sont sans effet lors de la la vérification des
sommes de contrôle. l'option --compare (-C) est ignorée quand un mode sans bit de permission est spécifié l'option --context (-Z) est obsolète et sera supprimée dans
une version ultérieure l'option --quiet n'a de sens que lors de la vérification des sommes de contrôle l'option --status n'a de sens que lors de la vérification des sommes de
contrôle l'option --warn n'a de sens que lors de la vérification des sommes de contrôle la structure [c*] peut apparaître dans string2 seulement lors d'une
conversion la structure [c*] de répétition ne peut pas apparaître dans la string1 l'argument %s n'est pas précédé du préfixe « + ».
Lors de l'utilisation d'une option pour spécifier la date,
chaque argument qui n'est pas une option reconnue doit être
une chaîne de formatage qui débute par « + ». le délimiteur doit être un caractère simple les options pour le mode verbeux et les styles de sortie de stty-readable
sont mutuellement exclusifs les options pour la base de données interne de sortie de dircolors et la
sélection de la syntaxe du shell sont mutuellement exclusives les options pour afficher et définir la date ne peuvent être utilisées ensembles. les options pour spécifier les dates pour l'impression sont mutuellement exclusives les chaînes comparées étaient %s et %s l'option strip ne peut pas être utilisée lors de l'installation d'un répertoire la chaîne non transformée était %s heure %s hors limite pour utiliser l'ID utilisateur %s vous devez aussi utiliser -g trop peu de X dans le modèle %s trop de spécifications de conversion %% dans le suffixe trop de caractères dans l'ensemble trop de lignes répétées trop de modèles total impossible de parcourir : %s objet mémoire typée uid=%lu impossible d'afficher le message d'erreur impossible d'enregistrer le répertoire de travail actuel impossible de définir le contexte de sécurité %s échec inattendu : fts_info=%d: %s
Veuillez signaler le problème à %s opérateur binaire inconnu erreur à l'attente de la commande (0x%X) flux inconnu ID utilisateur inconnu : %s impossible d'analyser la valeur de la variable d'environnement LS_COLORS opérande non reconnu %s préfixe non reconnu : %s actif %ld jour %2d:%02d, actif %ld jours %2d:%02d, actif ???? jours ??:??, utilisez --no-preserve-root pour inhiber cette mesure de sûreté l'utilisateur %s n'existe pas l'utilisation de %s pour désigner l'entrée standard ne fonctionne pas en mode système de fichiers utilise une arithmétique à précision arbitraire utilisation du shell %s restreint utilise une arithmétique à précision simple en attente de %s [-d] en attente de strip avertissement: %s : caractères suivant le caractère de constante ont été ignorés avertissement : %s : impossible de changer le contexte en %s avertissement : --pid=PID n'est pas pris en charge sur ce système avertissement : --retry est principalement utile s'il est suivi par un nom avertissement : PID ignoré ; --pid=PID est utile seulement lorsqu'il suit avertissement : « touch %s » est obsolète ; utilisez « touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d » avertissement : une barre oblique inverse non neutralisée à la fin d'une chaîne n'est portable avertissement : barre oblique inverse à la fin du format avertissement : impossible d'aller dans le répertoire %s avertissement : impossible de supprimer : %s avertissement : suivre l'entrée standard indéfiniment est inefficace avertissement : arguments superflus ignorés, débutant par %s avertissement : décalage de fichier non valide suite à un échec de lecture avertissement : largeur non valide %lu ; %d sera utilisé à la place avertissement, le numéro de ligne %s est le même que le précédent numéro de ligne avertissement : le fichier source %s est mentionné plusieurs fois avertissement : conflit avec --max-depth=%lu à la génération du résumé avertissement : résumé est la chose qu'utiliser l'option --max-depth=0 attention : l'option --%s est obsolète, utilisez --reference avertissement : l'échappement octal ambigü \%c%c%c a été interprété comme une
séquence de 2-octets \0%c%c, %c avertissement : séquence d'échappement non reconnue « \%c » Avertissement : afin de contourner une anomalie lseek présente dans le noyau
pour le fichier (%s) de type mt_type=0x%0lx, consultez pour la
liste des types fichier étrange lorsque que set1 n'est pas tronqué, string2 ne peut pas être vide le nom de fichier %s n'est pas autorisé lors de la lecture de l'entrée standard, les mode ne peuvent pas être initialisés quand le stype de sortie est spécifié lors de convertion avec des caractères complémentés de classes,
string2 doit convertir tous les caractères du domaine dans un seul à la traduction, les seules classes de caractères qui peuvent apparaître
dans string2 sont « upper » ou « lower » ne copiera pas %s depuis le lien symbolique qui vient juste d'être créé %s ne créera pas le lien direct %s vers le répertoire %s n'écrasera pas %s qui vient d'être créé par %s avec --parents, la destination doit être un répertoire avec --suffix, le modèle %s doit terminer par un X erreur d'écriture erreur d'écriture pour %s échec d'écriture écriture de %s écriture vers %s vous devez spécifier -c, -t, -u, -l, -r ou le contexte une liste d'octets, de caractères, ou de champs doit être spécifiée vous devez en spécifier une parmi %s ou %s PRIuMAX PRIdMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks failed to truncate to % bytes in output file %s failed to allocate a % byte stdio buffer
%s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % overflow in % * % byte blocks for file %s truncating %s at % bytes %+% enregistrements lus
%+% enregistrements écrits
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( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
H. Peter Anvin IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 6.12
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-06-01 12:24-0500
Last-Translator: Kevin Scannell
Language-Team: Irish
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=5; plural=n==1 ? 0 : n==2 ? 1 : (n>2 && n<7) ? 2 :(n>6 && n<11) ? 3 : 4;
( SLONN ) tá SLONN fíor
! SLONN tá SLONN bréagach
SLONN1 -a SLONN2 tá SLONN1 agus SLONN2 fíor
SLONN1 -o SLONN2 tá SLONN1 nó SLONN2 fíor
-a, --all ar comhbhrí le `-b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u'
-b, --boot am an atosaithe is déanaí
-d, --dead taispeáin próisis mharbha
-H, --heading taispeáin teidil na gcolún
-b COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is comhad speisialta den chineál `bloc' é
-c COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is comhad speisialta den chineál `carachtar' é
-d COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is comhadlann é
-e COMHAD tá COMHAD ann
-l taispeáin eolas faoin ÚSÁIDEOIR i bhformáid fhada aschurtha
-b ná taispeáin comhadlann bhaile agus blaosc i bhformáid fhada
-h ná taispeáin an comhad tionscadail i bhformáid fhada
-p ná taispeáin an comhad plean i bhformáid fhada
-s formáid achomair (réamhshocrú)
-n TEAGHRÁN níl TEAGHRÁN folamh
TEAGHRÁN ar comhbhrí le -n TEAGHRÁN
-z TEAGHRÁN tá TEAGHRÁN folamh
TEAGHRÁN1 = TEAGHRÁN2 is ionann iad
TEAGHRÁN1 != TEAGHRÁN2 ní ionann iad
ARG1 * ARG2 iolrach uimhríochtúil de ARG1 agus ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 líon uimhríochtúil de ARG1 roinnte le ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 fuílleach agus ARG1 á roinnt le ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 suim uimhríochtúil de ARG1 agus ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 difríocht uimhríochtúil idir ARG1 agus ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 Tá ARG1 níos lú ná ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 Tá ARG1 níos lú ná, nó is ionann agus, ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 is ionann iad ARG1 agus ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ní ionann ARG1 agus ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 Tá ARG1 níos mó ná, nó is ionann agus, ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 Tá ARG1 níos mó ná ARG2
COMHAD1 -ef COMHAD2 tá uimhreacha ghléis agus inode céanna acu
COMHAD1 -ef COMHAD2 tá COMHAD1 níos úire (mionathrú) ná COMHAD2
COMHAD1 -ot COMHAD2 tá COMHAD2 níos úire ná COMHAD1
SLÁNUIMHIR cóipeáil go dtí an líne-uimhir cheaptha (ach amháin é féin)
/SLONN/[FRITHÁIREAMH] cóipeáil go dtí líne chomhoiriúnach (ach amháin é féin)
%SLONN%[FRITHÁIREAMH] bog go dtí líne chomhoiriúnach
{SLÁNUIMHIR} aithris an patrún is déanaí SLÁNUIMHIR uaire
{*} aithris an patrún is déanaí is mó is féidir
FRITHÁIREAMH = `+' nó `-' (riachtanach) agus ansin slánuimhir dheimhneach.
UIMHIR1 -eq UIMHIR2 is ionann iad
UIMHIR1 -ge UIMHIR2 tá UIMHIR1 níos mó, nó is ionann agus, UIMHIR2
UIMHIR1 -gt UIMHIR2 tá UIMHIR1 níos mó ná UIMHIR2
UIMHIR1 -le UIMHIR2 tá UIMHIR1 níos lú, nó is ionann agus, UIMHIR2
UIMHIR1 -lt UIMHIR2 tá UIMHIR1 níos lú ná UIMHIR2
UIMHIR1 -ne UIMHIR2 ní ionann iad
TEAGHRÁN : SLONN comhoiriúnaigh an patrún SLONN i dTEAGHRÁN
match TEAGHRÁN SLONN ar comhbhrí le `TEAGHRÁN : SLONN
substr TEAGHRÁN ÁIT FAD fotheaghrán de TEAGHRÁN, tosaíonn ÁIT ag 1
index TEAGHRÁN CAR áit i dTEAGHRÁN atá aon charachtar i CAR, nó 0
length TEAGHRÁN fad an TEAGHRÁIN
a uimhrigh gach líne
t ná huimhrigh ach línte nach folamh
n ná huimhrigh ar chor ar bith
pSLONN ná huimhrigh ach na línte atá comhoiriúnach le SLONN bunúsach
Tá FORMÁID ar cheann de na roghanna seo a leanas:
ln comhfhadaithe ar clé agus gan nialais ar tosach
rn comhfhadaithe ar dheis agus gan nialais ar tosach
rz comhfhadaithe ar dheis, le nialais ar tosach
b cruthaigh comhad speisialta den chineál `bloc' (maolánaithe)
c, u cruthaigh comhad speisialta den chineál `carachtar' (gan mhaolán)
p cruthaigh FIFO
# úsáideoirí=%lu
Is éard atá i réimse: stráice spás bán (spásanna agus táib go hiondúil), agus
ansin carachtair nach spás bán. Gabhtar thar réimsí roimh charachtair.
Feidhmchlár beag cosúil le `finger'; taispeáin eolas faoi úsáideoir.
Beidh %s an comhad utmp.
Ciallaíonn `-' lom an rogha `-i'. Mura bhfuil ORDÚ ann, taispeáin an timpeallacht.
Úsáidtear -l go huathoibríoch nuair a shonraítear `-' lom.
Mura bhfuil ÚSÁIDEOIR ann, glactar le root.
Tá leithead roghnach an réimse i ndiaidh na mbratach, mar uimhir dheachúlach;
ansin mionathraitheoir roghnach atá ceann de:
E, chun léirithe malartacha an logchaighdeán a úsáid, más féidir, nó
O, chun siombalacha malartacha uimhriúla an logchaighdeán a úsáid, más féidir.
Mura bhfuil SLONN ann, is bréagach an luach réamhshocraithe. I ngach cás eile,
is fíor nó bréagach SLONN agus socraíonn sé an stádas scortha. Tá sé ceann
de na luachanna seo a leanas:
Mar chás speisialta, déanann `cp' cúltaca de FOINSE nuair a thugtar na
roghanna --force agus --backup, agus is ionann iad na hainmneacha FOINSE agus
SPRIOC ar ghnáthchomhad atá ann.
Ní foláir duit cuid mhór oibreoirí a chur idir comharthaí athfhriotal chun
iad a chosaint ón bhlaosc. Déan comparáid uimhríochtúil más uimhreacha ARG1
agus ARG2; i ngach cás eile, déan comparáid fhoclóireachta. Ais-seolann patrúin
chomhoiriúnacha an teaghrán atá idir \( agus \), nó nialas; mura bhfuil
\( agus \) ann, ais-seolann siad líon na gcarachtar a bhí comhoiriúnaithe.
ní foláir PRÍOMH agus MION araon a thabhairt má tá an CINEÁL b, c, nó u, agus
ní cheadaítear iad ar chor ar bith le CINEÁL p. Má tá 0x nó 0X ag ceann
PRÍOMH nó MION, caith leis mar heicsidheachúlach; le 0 aonraic, mar ochtnártha;
agus i ngach cás eile, mar deachúlach. CINEÁLacha bailí:
De réir réamhshocraithe, ní bhaineann rm comhadlanna. Úsáid an rogha
--recursive (-r nó -R) chun na comhadlanna uile a bhaint freisin, in éineacht
le gach rud atá isteach iontu.
Mar réamhshocrú, roghnaítear -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn.
Is dhá charachtar teormharcóra CC chun leathanaigh loighciúla a scaradh.
Má tá an dara carachtar ar iarraidh, glactar le :. Iontráil \\ do \.
Tá STÍL ar cheann de na roghanna seo a leanas:
Roghanna measctha:
* [-]LCASE ar comhbhrí le [-]lcase
cbreak ar comhbhrí le -icanon
-cbreak ar comhbhrí le icanon
Roghanna rialaithe:
[-]clocal stop comharthaí a rialaíonn an móideim
[-]cread cumasaigh ionchur
* [-]crtscts cuir croitheadh láimhe RTS/CTS ar siúl
csN socraigh an mhéid carachtair, N giotán, N=5,6,7, nó 8
Is féidir le gach BRATACH a bheith:
append mód iarcheangail (ná húsáid ach le haschur; moltar conv=notrunc)
Tá gach MÓD den fhoirm `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Mar shampla:
%s /usr/bin/sort Aschur: "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Aschur: "stdio".
Mar shampla:
%s /usr/bin/sort Aschur "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Aschur ".".
Mar shampla:
%s f - g Taispeáin f, ansin an gnáth-ionchur, agus g ina dhiaidh sin.
%s Cóipeáil an gnáth-ionchur go dtí an gnáth-aschur.
Mar shampla:
%s root /u Athraigh an t-úinéir de /u go "root".
%s root:foireann /u Mar an gcéanna, ach athraigh a ghrúpa go "foireann" freisin.
%s -hR root /u Athraigh an t-úinéir de /u agus a fochomhaid go "root".
Mar shampla:
%s foireann /u Athraigh grúpa de /u go "foireann".
%s -hR foireann /u Athraigh grúpa de /u agus a fhochomhaid go "foireann".
Seachas -h agus -L, dí-thagróidh tástálacha COMHAID gach nasc siombalach.
Ní foláir duit `(' agus `)' a chosaint ón bhlaosc le, m.sh., cúlslaiseanna.
Is féidir le hUIMHIR a bheith -l TEAGHRÁN, fad an teaghráin.
Stádas scortha = 0 mura bhfuil SLONN nialasach, 1 má tá,
2 más slonn neamhbhailí é, agus 3 má tharlaíonn earráid.
Láimhseáil an líne tty atá ceangailte leis an ngnáth-ionchur. Gan
argóintí, taispeáin ráta bád, disciplín líne, agus claonadh ó stty sane.
I roghanna, glactar CAR go litriúil, nó ionchódaithe m.sh. ^c, 0x37, 0177 nó
127; úsáid luachanna ^- nó undef chun carachtair speisialta a stopadh.
Más '-' é COMHAD, léirscrios an gnáth-aschur.
Scrios COMHA(I)D má tá --remove (-u) ceaptha. De réir an réamhshocraithe, ná
scrios na comhaid de bhrí go mbaintear le comhaid ghléis mar /dev/hda
go coitianta, agus ní ceart na comhaid seo a scriosadh. Baintear úsáid as
an rogha --remove go hiondúil le gnáthchomhaid.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD tugtha, úsáid %s. Feictear %s mar CHOMHAD go minic.
Má tá ARG1 agus ARG2 ann, glactar le -m: is gnách `am i' nó `mom likes'.
Má tá COMHAD tugtha, léigh uaidh na dathanna a úsáid le gach cineál comhaid.
Mura bhfuil, bainfear úsáid as bunachar sonraí réamhthiomsaithe.
Úsáid `dircolors --print-database' chun an cruth de na comhaid seo a fheiceáil
Mura bhfuil AONÚ nó INCRIMINT tugtha, tá siad réamhshocraithe go 1. Is ionann
sin agus a rá go réamhshocraítear INCRIMINT go 1, fiú amháin má tá DEIREADH
níos lú ná AONÚ. Caitear le AONÚ, INCRIMINT, agus DEIREADH mar luachanna
snámhphointe. Tá INCRIMINT deimhneach de ghnáth má tá AONÚ níos lú ná
DEIREADH, agus tá INCRIMINT diúltach de ghnáth má tá AONÚ níos mó ná DEIREADH.
Más '-' é an COMHAD, cóipeáil arís go dtí an gnáth-aschur.
Má tá an chéad fhormáid agus an dara formáid araon i bhfeidhm, glac leis
an dara ceann nuair a thosaíonn an t-oibreann deiridh le + nó (má tá dhá
oibreann ann) digit. Is ionann an t-oibreann FRITHÁIREAMH agus -j FRITHÁIREAMH.
Is LIPÉAD an seoladh bréige ag an chéad bheart priontáilte, incrimintithe le
linn na dumpála. Le haghaidh FRITHÁIREAMH agus LIPÉAD, comharthaíonn réimír
0x nó 0X heicsidheachúlach; úsáid iarmhír `.' don ochtnártha agus `b' mar 512.
Mura bhfuil ORDÚ ann, rith ``${SHELL} -i'' (réamhshocrú: /bin/sh).
Más teirminéal é an gnáth-ionchur, athdhírigh é ó /dev/null.
Más teirminéal é an gnáth-aschur, iarcheangail aschur le `nohup.out' más féidir,
nó `$HOME/nohup.out'.
Más teirminéal é an gnáth-aschur earráide, athdhírigh é go dtí an gnáth-aschur.
Chun aschur a shábháil i gCOMHAD, úsáid `%s ORDÚ > COMHAD'.
Roghanna ionchurtha:
[-]brkint seol comhartha idirbhriste i ndiaidh briseadh
[-]icrnl tiontaigh aisfhilleadh go líne nua
[-]ignbrk déan neamhshuim ar charachtair bhriste
[-]igncr déan neamhshuim ar aisfhilleadh
Roghanna logánta:
[-]crterase déan macalla de charachtair léirscriosta mar
cúlspás+spás+cúlspás
* crtkill scrios gach líne trí ghéilleadh do na roghanna echoprt/echoe
* -crtkill scrios gach líne trí ghéilleadh do na roghanna echoctl/echok
NÓTA: géilleann '[' do na roghanna --help agus --version, ach
úsáideann 'test' --help agus --version díreach cosúil le aon
TEAGHRÁN eile nach bhfuil folamh.
NÓTA: is féidir go bhfuil leagan eile de %s ag do bhlaosc féin, agus
go hiondúil sháródh sé an leagan a ndéantar cur síos air anseo. Féach ar
dhoiciméadú do bhlaoisce chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil faoi na roghanna
a dtacaíonn sé leo.
Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil formáidí difriúla am-dáta
ag na roghanna -d agus -t.
Cuir `-' roghnach roimh LUACH chun diúltú a dhéanamh. Comharthaítear
roghanna neamh-POSIX le `*'. Socraíonn an córas féin na roghanna atá ar fáil.
Roghanna aschuir:
* bsN mód moille do chúlspásanna, N=0 nó 1
* crN mód moille d'aisfhilleadh, N=0,1,2, nó 3
* ffN mód moille d'fhoirmfhotha, N=0 nó 1
* nlN mód moille do línte nua, N=0 nó 1
Coinnigh úinéir gan athrú má tá sé ar iarraidh. An grúpa ar an nós céanna,
ach athraigh é go dtí an grúpa logála isteach má tá grúpa intuigthe le `:' ann
in éineacht le húinéir siombalach.
Is féidir ÚINÉIR nó GRÚPA a bheith uimhriúil chomh maith le siombalach.
ÁIT = R[.C][ROGHANNA], le R = uimhir an réimse agus C = ionad an charachtair
sa réimse; áirigh ó 1 i ngach cás. Mura bhfuil rogha -t ná rogha -b i bhfeidhm,
uimhrigh na carachtair i réimse ó thús an spáis báin roimhe. Is éard atá i
ROGHANNA ná liosta de roghanna sórtála, gach ceann ina charachtar singil, a
sháraíonn roghanna comhchoiteanna sórtála don eochair sin. Gan eochair, úsáid
an líne iomlán mar an eochair.
Is féidir na hiarmhíreanna seo a leanas a chur i ndiaidh MÉID:
Cuir an luach de SLONN chuig an ghnáth-aschur. Dealaíonn líne fholamh
thíos grúpaí tosaíochta. Is féidir SLONN a bheith:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 mura bhfuil sé nialasach, ARG2 má tá
ARG1 & ARG2 0 má tá ceachtar nialasach, ARG1 mura bhfuil
Má tá an COMHAD `-', léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur. Is féidir PATRÚN a bheith:
Sonraíonn TACAR mar theaghrán carachtar. Ciallaíonn carachtar é féin de ghnáth.
Cóid léirmhínithe:
\NNN carachtar le luach ochtnártha NNN (1,2, nó 3 digit)
\\ cúlslais
\a BEL inchloiste
\b cúlspás
\f foirmfhotha
\n líne nua
\r aisfhilleadh
\t táb cothrománach
Is uimhir í MÉID. Má tá CINEÁL as d,o,u,x, is féidir MÉID a bheith
`C'=sizeof(char), `S'=sizeof(short), `I'=sizeof(int), nó `L'=sizeof(long).
Más ionann CINEÁL agus f, is féidir MÉID a bheith `F'=sizeof(float),
`D'=sizeof(double), nó `L'=sizeof(long double).
Má sheoltar comhartha %s chuig próiseas `dd' beo, scríobhfaidh sé staitistic
I/A chuig an ghnáth-aschur earráide, agus ansin atosóidh sé an chóipeáil.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 taifead isteach
18335302+0 taifead amach
9387674624 beart (9.4 GB) cóipeáilte, 34.6279 soicind, 271 MB/s
Roghanna:
Carachtair speisialta:
* dsusp CAR Seolfaidh CAR comhartha chun an teirminéal a stopadh
nuair a bheidh an t-ionchur sruthlaithe
eof CAR Seolfaidh CAR comhadchríoch (críochnaigh ionchur)
eol CAR Críochnóidh CAR an líne
Is éard atá i gCINEÁL: sonrú amháin ar a laghad de na cinn seo a leanas:
a carachtar ainmnithe, déan neamhshuim ar an ngiotán is airde
c carachtar ASCII nó carachtar éalúcháin le cúlslais
Is é `~' an iarmhír chúltaca, mura dtugtar é le --suffix nó SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
Is féidir an modh de rialú foinsí a roghnú le `--backup', nó leis an athróg
thimpeallachta VERSION_CONTROL. Seo duit na luachanna bailí:
Ionchódaítear na sonraí mar a thuairiscítear d'aibítir base64 i RFC 3548.
Le linn díchódaithe, is féidir línte nua a bheith san ionchur in éineacht leis
na bearta den aibítir fhoirmiúil base64. Úsáid --ignore-garbage chun
iarracht a dhéanamh teacht slán ó charachtair neamhaibítreacha eile sa
sruth ionchódaithe.
Ríomhtar na suimeanna mar atá mínithe i %s. Má táthar ag seiceáil, is gá
an t-ionchur a bheith ina aschur den ríomhchlár seo. Sa mhód réamhshocraithe,
taispeáin líne le suim sheiceála, carachtar a chomharthaíonn an cineál
(`*'=dénártha, ` '=téacs), agus an t-ainm gach COMHAD.
Seichimh bhailí fhormáide le haghaidh comhad (gan --file-system):
%a cearta rochtana, ochtnártha
%A cearta rochtana i bhformáid inléite
%b líon na mbloc dáilte (féach ar %B)
%B an mhéid, i mbearta, de gach bloc tugtha ag %b
%C comhthéacs slándála SELinux
Le scrios a dhéanamh ar chomhad le hainm le `-' ar tosach (m.sh. `-foo')
bain triail as ceann de na horduithe a leanas:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Is féidir roghanna formáide traidisiúnta a bheith measctha lena chéile,
agus cnuasaíonn siad:
-a ar comhbhrí le `-t a', roghnaigh carachtair ainmnithe, agus déan
neamhshuim ar an ngiotán is airde
-b ar comhbhrí le `-t o1', roghnaigh bearta ochtnártha
-c ar comhbhrí le `-t c', roghnaigh ASCII nó éalúcháin le cúlslaiseanna
-d ar comhbhrí le `-t u2', roghnaigh aonaid dheachúlacha gan sín, 2 bheart
Úsáid ceann, agus gan ach ceann de -b, -c, nó -f. Is raon é gach LIOSTA,
nó roinnt raonta scartha le camóga. Scríobhann an t-ionchur roghnaithe
san ord á léadh, agus ní scríobhtar é ach uair amháin.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é,
léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur. `-F /' mar réamhshocrú.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón gnáth-ionchur.
Mura bhfuil aon rogha ann, taispeáin an t-aschur i trí cholún. Sa chéad
cholún, línte atá i gCOMHAD1 ach nach COMHAD2; sa dara cholún, línte atá
i gCOMHAD2 ach nach COMHAD2, agus comhlínte sa tríú colún.
Mura bhfuil ROGHA ann, taispeáin roinnt bheag eolais thairbhigh.
Scríobh léiriú gan athbhrí, bearta ochtnártha mar réamhshocrú,
de CHOMHAD chuig an ghnáth-aschur. Má tá níos mó ná argóint CHOMHAD
amháin ann, comhcheangail iad in ord leis an ionchur a chruthú.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
--backup[=RIALÚ] déan cúltaca de gach sprioc-chomhad atá ann
-b cosúil le `--backup' ach gan argóint
-d, -F, --directory ceadaigh don fhorúsáideoir nasc crua do
chomhadlanna a dhéanamh (ach is dócha go
dteipfear de bharr srianta an chórais, go fiú
don fhorúsáideoir)
-f, --force scrios sprioc-chomhad má tá sé ann cheana
--group-directories-first
grúpáil comhadlanna roimh chomhaid.
méadaigh le rogha --sort, ach díchumasófar
grúpáil má bhaintear úsáid ar bith as
--sort=none (-U)
--help taispeáin an chabhair seo agus scoir
--indicator-style=FOCAL cuir táscaire den chineál FOCAL le hiontrálacha:
none (réamhshocrú), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode taispeáin treoiruimhir de gach comhad
-I, --ignore=PATRÚN ná taispeáin iontrálacha intuigthe atá
comhoiriúnach le PATRÚN
-k ar comhbhrí le `--block-size=1K'
-l, --lookup féach le caighdeánú na hóstainmneacha le DNS
-m níl ach óstainm agus úsáideoir nasctha leis an ngnáth-ionchur
-p, --process taispeáin próisis a chuir init ar bun
--no-preserve-root ná tabhair cóir speisialta do `/'
--preserve-root ná bain `/' (réamhshocrú)
-r, -R, --recursive bain comhadlanna agus a n-inneachar go hathchúrsach
-v, --verbose mínigh na rudaí atá ag tarlú
--no-preserve-root ná tabhair cóir speisialta do `/' (réamhshocrú)
--preserve-root ná caith le `/' go hathchúrsach
--no-preserve-root ná caith le `/' go speisialta (réamhshocrú)
--preserve-root ná hoibrigh ar `/' go hathchúrsach
--no-preserve=TRÉITHE ná caomhnaigh na tréithe ceaptha
--parents úsáid ainm lán an chomhaid faoi CHOMHADLANN
--one-file-system nuair atá comhadlanna á mbaint go hathchúrsach,
ná bain comhadlanna atá ar chóras comhad nach
ionann leis an gceann a sonraíodh in argóint ar
líne na n-orduithe
--preserve-context caomhnaigh an comhthéacs slándála SELinux
-Z, --context=CMHTCS socraigh comhthéacs slándála de chomhaid/chomhadlanna
--reference=TCOMHAD bain úsáid as an gcomhthéacs slándála atá ag TCOMHAD
in ionad luach COMHTHÉACS a shonrú
-R, --recursive oibrigh ar chomhaid/chomhadlanna go hathchúrsach
-v, --verbose taispeáin diagnóisic do gach comhad próiseáilte
--rfc-3339=AMCHÓD taispeáin dáta/am de réir RFC 3339.
AMCHÓD=`date', `seconds', nó `ns' do dháta
agus am leis an mbeachtas sonraithe.
Scartar comhpháirteanna dáta/ama le spás aonair:
2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=TEAGHRÁN socraigh an t-am de réir an TEAGHRÁIN
-u, --utc, --universal taispeáin nó socraigh UTC
--strip-trailing-slashes scrios slaiseanna ag deireadh gach argóint
FOINSE
-S, --suffix=IARMHÍR sáraigh an gnáth-iarmhír cúltaca
--time taispeáin am an mhionathraithe is déanaí d'aon chomhad
sa chomhadlann, nó ina fochomhadlanna
--time=FOCAL taispeáin an t-am mar FOCAL in ionad an ama mionathraithe:
atime, access, use, ctime nó status
--time-style=STÍL taispeáin an t-am de réir na STÍLE sonraithe:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMÁID
Parsáiltear FORMÁID cosúil le `date'
--time-style=STÍL le -l, taispeáin amanna de réir na stíle STÍL:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMÁID.
Léirmhínigh FORMÁID mar `date'; más é
FORMÁID1FORMÁID2, úsáid FORMÁID1 le
seanchomhaid agus FORMÁID2 le comhaid nua;
má tá réimír `posix-' ar STÍL, bain úsáid as
mura bhfuil an logchaighdeán POSIX socraithe
--verbose taispeáin diagnóisic go díreach roimh atá
gach aschomhad oscailte
--version taispeáin eolas faoin leagan agus scoir
-evenp ar comhbhrí le -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase ar comhbhrí le xcase iuclc olcuc
litout ar comhbhrí le -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout ar comhbhrí le parenb istrip opost cs7
nl ar comhbhrí le -icrnl -onlcr
-nl ar comhbhrí le icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb dhá ghiotán stoptha an charachtair (1 le `-')
[-]hup seol comhartha HUP nuair a dhúnann an tty
[-]hupcl ar comhbhrí le [-]hup
[-]parenb gin giotán paireachta san aschur agus iarr é san ionchur
[-]parodd socraigh paireacht chorr (cothrom le `-')
[-]ignpar déan neamhshuim ar charachtair le hearráidí phaireachta
* [-]imaxbel bíp agus ná sruthlaigh maolán lán ionchurtha
[-]inlcr tiontaigh líne nua go haisfhilleadh
[-]inpck cuir seiceáil phaireachta den ionchur ar siúl
[-]istrip glan an t-ochtú giotán de gach carachtar ionchurtha
[-]isig cumasaigh interrupt, quit, agus cuir carachtair
speisialta ar fionraí
[-]noflsh stop sruthlú i ndiaidh carachtair speisialta interrupt/quit
* [-]prterase ar comhbhrí le [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop tascanna sa chúlra atá scríobh chuig an teirminéal
* [-]xcase le icanon, éalúchán le `\' do charachtair sa chás uachtair
cooked ar comhbhrí le brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof agus eol ag glacadh a luachanna réamhshocraithe
-cooked ar comhbhrí le `raw'
crt ar comhbhrí le echoe echoctl echoke
dec ar comhbhrí le echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase
0177 kill ^u
* [-]decctlq ar comhbhrí le [-]ixany
ek glac carachtair scriosta/maraithe a luachanna réamhshocraithe
evenp ar comhbhrí le parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N socraigh an luas ionchurtha a bheith N bád
* line N socraigh disciplín líne N
min N le -icanon, N=íosmhéid de charachtair in aon léamh
ospeed N socraigh an luas aschurtha a bheith N bád
oddp ar comhbhrí le parenb parodd cs7
-oddp ar comhbhrí le -parenb cs8
[-]parity ar comhbhrí le [-]evenp
pass8 ar comhbhrí le -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 ar comhbhrí le parenb istrip cs7
raw ar comhbhrí le -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw ar comhbhrí le `cooked'
stop CAR stopfaidh CAR an t-aschur
susp CAR seolfaidh CAR comhartha chun an teirminéal a stopadh
* swtch CAR athróidh CAR chuig sraith bhlaoisce eile
* werase CAR léirscriosfaidh CAR an focal is déanaí
%% '%' aonair
%b ARGÓINT mar theaghrán le carachtair éalúcháin `\' léirithe,
cé go bhfuil éalúcháin ochtnártha i bhfoirm \0 nó \0NNN
agus tá ceann de [diouxXfeEgGcs] ag deireadh gach sonraíochta formáide C,
agus ARGÓINTí churtha ina gceart ar dtús. Glactar le leithid luaineacha.
%A lá den tseachtain ina iomláine (m.sh., "Dé Domhnaigh")
%b an mhí ghiorraithe (m.sh. "Ean")
%B an mhí ina hiomláine (m.sh. "Eanáir")
%c an dáta agus an t-am (m.sh., Aoine 30 MFómh 2005 14:23:52 UTC)
%F an dáta iomlán; ar comhbhrí le %Y-%m-%d
%g bliain uimhir na seachtaine ISO: an dá dhigit deiridh (féach ar %G)
%G bliain uimhir na seachtaine ISO (féach ar %V); de ghnáth úsáidtear é seo le %V amháin
%S soicind (00..60)
%t táb cothrománach
%T an t-am; ar comhbhrí le %H:%M:%S
%u lá den tseachtain (1..7); 1 = Dé Luain
%U uimhir na seachtaine sa bhliain, le Domhnach mar an chéad lá (00..53)
%V uimhir na seachtaine ISO, le Luan mar an chéad lá (01..53)
%w lá na seachtaine (0..6); 0=Dé Domhnaigh
%W uimhir na seachtaine sa bhliain, le Luan mar an chéad lá (00.53)
%d Uimhir ghléis, deachúil
%D Uimhir ghléis, heicsidheachúlach
%f mód amh, heicsidheachúlach
%F Cineál comhaid
%g Aitheantas ghrúpa den úinéir
%G Ainm grúpa den úinéir
%h Líon na nasc crua
%i Uimhir inode
%n Ainm comhaid
%N Ainm comhaid in athfhriotal, dí-thagartha más nasc siombalach é
%o Méid bhloic I/A
%s Méid iomlán, bearta
%t Cineál gléis príomha, heicsidheachúlach
%T Cineál gléis mion, heicsidheachúlach
%h ar comhbhrí le %b
%H uair (00..23)
%I uair (01..12)
%j lá den bhliain (001..366)
%i Aitheantas an chórais comhad, heicsidheachúlach
%l Uasfhad d'ainmneacha comhaid
%n Ainm comhaid
%s Méid bloic (le haghaidh aistrithe níos tapa)
%S Bunmhéid bloc (le haghaidh áirithe na mbloc)
%t Cineál, heicsidheachúlach
%T Cineál i bhformáid inléite
%k uair ( 0..23)
%l uair ( 1..12)
%m mí (01..12)
%M nóiméad (00..59)
%n líne nua
%N nanashoicindí (000000000..999999999)
%p AM nó PM de réir an logchaighdeáin; (folamh más anaithnid é)
%P cosúil le %p, ach le litreacha beaga
%r an t-am, dhá uair déag (m.sh., 11:11:04 PM)
%R an t-am, ceithre huaire fichead; ar comhbhrí le %H:%M
%s soicindí ó `00:00:00 1970-01-01 UTC'
%u Aitheantas an úinéara
%U Ainm an úinéara
%x Am den rochtain is déanaí
%X Am den rochtain is déanaí, soicindí ón tSainré
%y Am den mhionathrú is déanaí
%Y Am den mhionathrú is déanaí, soicindí ón tSainré
%z Am den athrú is déanaí
%Z Am den athrú is déanaí, soicindí ón tSainré
%x léiriú den dáta de réir an logchaighdeáin (m.sh., 30.09.05)
%X léiriú den am de réir an logchaighdeáin (m.sh., 14:34:58)
%y dhá dhigit deiridh den bhliain (00..99)
%Y an bhliain
%z +uunn crios ama uimhriúil (m.sh., -0400)
%:z +uu:nn crios ama uimhriúil (m.sh., -04:00)
%::z +uu:nn:ss crios ama uimhriúil (m.sh., -04:00:00)
%:::z crios ama uimhriúil le : go dtí an beachtas riachtanach
(m.sh., -04, +05:30)
%Z giorrúchán aibítreach ar an chrios ama (m.sh., EDT)
De réir réamhshocraithe, stuálann `date' réimsí uimhriúla le nialais.
+ SIOMBAIL caith le SIOMBAIL mar theaghrán, fiú más
lorgfhocal é, mar `match', nó oibreoir mar `/'
( SLONN ) luach de SLONN
-A, --address-radix=BUNUIMHIR formáid de fhritháireamh comhaid
-j, --skip-bytes=BEARTA gabh thar BEARTA beart ionchurtha ar dtús
-A, --auto-reference cruthaigh tagairtí go huathoibríoch
-G, --traditional oibrigh ar nós `ptx' System V
-F, --flag-truncation=TGHRÁN úsáid TGHRÁN chun línte teasctha a léiriú
-B, --block-size=MÉID bain úsáid as bloic den mhéid MÉID
-b, --bytes ar comhbhrí le `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total taispeáin suim iomlán
-D, --dereference-args dí-thagair naisc shiombalacha a thugtar ar
líne na n-orduithe amháin
-D cruthaigh gach ball de SPRIOC seachas an deireadh,
agus ansin cóipeáil FOINSE go SPRIOC
-g, --group=GRÚPA socraigh grúpa in ionad an ghrúpa den phróiseas reatha
-m, --mode=MÓD socraigh na ceadanna (mar le chmod), in ionad `rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=ÚINÉIR socraigh an t-úinéir (forúsáideoir amháin)
-D, --date-format=FORMÁID
taispeáin an dáta cheanntáisc de réir na FORMÁIDE
-e[CAR[LEITHEAD]], --expand-tabs[=CAR[LEITHEAD]]
tiontaigh CAR (TÁIB) go táb LEITHEAD (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
scar leathanaigh le foirmfhothaí in ionad línte nua
(le -F, úsáid ceanntásc leathanaigh de trí líne, nó,
gan -F, de cúig líne agus le buntásc)
-G, --no-group i liosta fada, ná taispeáin ainm an ghrúpa
-h, --human-readable le -l, taispeáin méideanna i bhformáid inléite
(m.sh., 1K 234M 2G srl.)
--si mar an gcéanna, ach le 1K=1000, ní 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
lean naisc shiombalacha ó líne na n-orduithe
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
lean gach nasc siombalach ar líne na n-orduithe
atá nasctha le comhadlann
--hide=PATRÚN ná taispeáin iontrálacha atá comhoiriúnach leis
an PATRÚN blaoisce (sáraithe ag -a nó -A)
-I tabhair leid uair amháin sula mbainfear níos mó ná
trí chomhad, nó nuair a bhainfear go hathchúrsach.
Níl sé seo chomh sáiteach le -i, cé go ndéanann sé
cosaint shásúil ar an chuid is mó de bhotúin
--interactive[=CATHAIN] tabhair leid de réir CATHAIN: never, once (-I), nó
always (-i). Gan CATHAIN, tabhair leid i gcónaí
-L COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is nasc siombalach é (is ionann agus -h)
-O COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is leis an aitheantas úsáideora i bhfeidhm
-p COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is píopa ainmnithe é
-r COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus tá sé inléite
-s COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus níl sé folamh
-L, --dereference dí-thagair gach nasc siombalach
-P, --no-dereference ná lean aon nasc siombalach (réamhshocrú)
-0, --null Foirceann gach líne aschurtha le 0 in ionad líne nua
-S, --separate-dirs ná cuir comhadlanna san áireamh
-s, --summarize ná taispeáin ach an tsuim iomlán
-M, --macro-name=STRING úsáid an macra STRING in ionad `xx'
-O, --format=roff táirg an t-aschur i riocht treoracha `roff'
-R, --right-side-refs cuir tagairtí ar dheis; ní chuirtear seo i -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP foircinn línte ní foircinn abairtí
-T, --format=tex táirg an t-aschur i riocht treoracha `TeX'
-N, --read-bytes=BEARTA teorannaigh dumpa le BEARTA beart ionchurtha
-s, --strings[=BEARTA] teaghráin aschurtha le BEARTA carachtar
grafach ar a laghad
-t, --format=CINEÁL roghnaigh formáid(í) aschurtha
-v, --output-duplicates ná húsáid * chun ceilt líne a chomharthú
-w, --width[=BEARTA] BEARTA beart ar líne aschuir
--traditional glac le hargóintí san fhoirm thraidisiúnta
-P, --portability taispeáin torthaí i gcruth POSIX
--sync sync roimh eolas úsáide a fháil
-t, --type=CINEÁL ná taispeáin ach córais chomhaid den chineál CINEÁL
-T, --print-type taispeáin an cineál chóras comhaid
-x, --exclude-type=CINEÁL ná taispeáin córais chomhaid den chineál CINEÁL
-v (gan feidhm)
-S sórtáil de réir méid an chomhaid
--sort=FOCAL sórtáil de réir FOCAL in ionad an ainm: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=FOCAL le -l, taispeáin an t-am mar FOCAL in ionad
am mionathraithe: atime -u, access -u, use -u,
ctime -c, nó status -c; úsáid an t-am sonraithe
mar eochair shórtála más --sort=time
-S COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is soicéad é
-t FD tuarascálaí comhaid FD oscailte ar theirminéal
-u COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus a ghiotán set-user-ID lasta
-w COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is inscríofa é
-x COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is féidir é a rith nó a chuardach
-S, --suffix=IARMHÍR sáraigh an iarmhír réamhshocraithe cúltaca
-t, --target-directory=COMHADLANN socraigh an CHOMHADLANN ina gcruthaítear
na naisc
-T, --no-target-directory caith le AINM_NAISC mar ghnáthchomhad
-v, --verbose taispeáin an t-ainm de gach comhad nasctha
-T, -w, --mesg taispeáin stádas teachtaireachta mar +, -, nó ?
-u, --users taispeáin úsáideoirí atá logáilte isteach faoi láthair
--message ar comhbhrí le -T
--writable ar comhbhrí le -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP úsáid REGEXP chun treoirfhocail a thógáil
-b, --break-file=COMHAD tá carachtair le briseadh focail i gCOMHAD
-f, --ignore-case sórtáil an cás íochtair leis an gcás uachtair
-g, --gap-size=UIMHIR bearna idir colúin san aschur
-i, --ignore-file=COMHAD tá focail le ligean tharat i gCOMHAD
-o, --only-file=COMHAD tá liosta treoirfhocal i gCOMHAD
-Z, --context=CTCS socraigh comhthéacs slándála de AINM go CTCS
-Z, --context=CTCS socraigh comhthéacs slándála de gach AINM go CTCS
-a, --across taispeáin colúin trasna an scáileáin seachas anuas
úsáid le -COLÚN
-c, --show-control-chars
carachtair rialúcháin mar ^G nó le cúlslais ochtnártha
-d, --double-space
spásáil dhúbailte
-a, --all taispeáin gach comhad, nach comhadlanna amháin
--apparent-size taispeáin méideanna dealraitheacha, in ionad úsáid
dhiosca; tá an mhéid dealraitheach níos lú go minic,
ach is féidir a bheith níos mó mar thoradh ar phoill
i gcomhaid (`tanaí), bloghadh inmheánach, bloic
indíreacha agus a leithéidí
-a, --all tiontaigh an spás bán ar fad, in ionad an spáis tosaigh
--first-only ná tiontaigh ach an spás bán tosaigh (sáraíonn -a)
-t, --tabs=N táib N carachtar óna chéile in ionad 8 (cumasaigh -a)
-t, --tabs=LIOSTA liosta de tháib, scartha le camóga (cumasaigh -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N fad na hiarmhíreanna = N (réamhshocrú %d)
-b, --bytes=MÉID cuir MÉID beart do gach aschomhad
-C, --line-bytes=MÉID cuir MÉID beart línte ar a mhéad do gach aschomhad
-d, --numeric-suffixes úsáid iarmhíreanna uimhriúla in ionad aibítreacha
-l, --lines=UIMHIR cuir UIMHIR líne do gach aschomhad
-b, --before ceangail an deighilteoir roimh in ionad i ndiaidh
-r, --regex caith leis an deighilteoir mar shlonn ionadaíochta
-s, --separator=TEAGHRÁN úsáid TEAGHRÁN mar dheighilteoir in ionad líne nua
-b, --binary léigh sa mhód dénártha
-b, --binary léigh sa mhód dénártha (réamhshocrú mura bhfuil sé ón ghnath-ionchur)
-b, --body-numbering=STÍL uimhrigh línte an choirp de réir STÍL
-d, --section-delimiter=CAR Idirscar leathanaigh loighciúla le CAR
-f, --footer-numbering=STÍL uimhrigh línte an bhuntáisc de réir STÍL
-b, --bytes uimhrigh bearta seachas colúin
-s, --spaces bris ag spásanna
-w, --width=LEITHEAD úsáid LEITHEAD colún in ionad 80
-b, --bytes=LIOSTA ná taispeáin ach na bearta seo
-c, --characters=LIOSTA ná taispeáin ach na carachtair seo
-d, --delimiter=TEORAN úsáid TEORAN in ionad TAB mar theormharcóir réimse
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks déan neamhshuim ar spásanna tosaigh
-d, --dictionary-order ná húsáid ach spásanna agus carachtair alfa-uimhriúla
-f, --ignore-case sórtáil an cás íochtair leis an gcás uachtair
-b, --suffix-format=FORMÁID bain úsáid as FORMÁID sprintf in ionad %02d
-f, --prefix=RÉIMÍR bain úsáid as RÉIMÍR in ionad `xx'
-k, --keep-files ná scrios aschomhaid tar éis earráidí
-c, --check léigh %s suim ó na COMHAID agus seiceáil iad
-c, --count taispeáin líon na dtarluithe ar tosach gach líne -d, --repeated ná taispeáin ach línte dúblacha
-c, --crown-margin coinnigh eangú den chéad dá líne
-p, --prefix=TEAGHRÁN ná ceangail ach línte le réimír TEAGHRÁN, agus
athcheangail an réimír le línte athfhormáidithe
-s, --split-only deighil línte fada, ach ná hathlíon
-d, --delimiters=LIOSTA athúsáid carachtair as LIOSTA in ionad TÁIB
-s, --serial greamaigh i ndiaidh a chéile, nach go comhuaineach
-e bain úsáid as na carachtair éalúcháin le cúlslaiseanna
-E ná bain úsáid as na carachtair éalúcháin (réamhshocrú)
-e úsáid carachtair éalúcháin le cúlslaiseanna (réamhshocrú)
-E ná húsáid na carachtair éalúcháin
-f ná sórtáil, úsáid -aU, ná húsáid -ls --color
-F, --classify cuir ceann de */=>@| leis na hiontrálacha
--file-type mar an gcéanna, ach ná hiarcheangail `*'
--format=FOCAL across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time ar comhbhrí le `-l --time-style=full-iso
-f ná taispeáin teidil na gcolún i bhformáid achomair
-w ná taispeáin an t-ainm iomlán i bhformáid achomair
-i ná taispeáin an t-ainm iomlán nó cianóstach i bhformáid achomair
-q ná taispeáin ainm iomlán, cianóstach, nó am díomhaoin
i bhformáid achomair
-f ar comhbhrí le `-t fF', roghnaigh uimhreacha shnámhphointe
-i ar comhbhrí le `-t dI', roghnaigh slánuimhreacha deachúlacha
-l ar comhbhrí le `-t dL', roghnaigh `long'anna deachúlacha
-o ar comhbhrí le `-t o2', roghnaigh aonaid ochtnártha, 2 bheart
-s ar comhbhrí le `-t d2', roghnaigh aonaid dheachúlacha, 2 bheart
-x ar comhbhrí le `-t x2', roghnaigh aonaid heicsidheachúlacha, 2 bheart
-f COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is gnáthchomhad é
-g COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is set-group-ID é
-G COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is leis an ID grúpa i bhfeidhm é
-h COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus is nasc siombalach é (is ionann agus -L)
-k COMHAD tá COMHAD ann agus tá sé a ghiotán greamaitheach lasta
-f, --canonicalize caighdeánaigh trí leanúint gach nasc siombalach
i ngach ball den chonair, go hathchúrsach;
ní mór gach comhpháirt (seachas an ceann
deiridh) a bheith ann
-e, --canonicalize-existing caighdeánaigh trí leanúint gach nasc siombalach
i ngach ball den chonair, go hathchúrsach;
ní mór gach comhpháirt a bheith ann
-f, --fields=LIOSTA ná taispeáin ach na réimsí seo; sa bhreis, taispeáin
gach líne gan aon teormharcóir, mura bhfuil an
rogha -s tugtha
-n (gan feidhm)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
scríobh sonraí ceangailte de réir mar fásann an comhad;
tá -f, --follow, agus --follow=descriptor ar comhbhrí
-F ar comhbhrí le --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet múch formhór na n-earráidí
-v, --verbose taispeáin diagnóisic do gach comhad
--reference=COMHAD bain úsáid as an ghrúpa atá ag COMHAD
-R, --recursive athraigh comhaid agus comhadlanna go hathchúrsach
-f, --silent, --quiet múch formhór na n-earráidí
--reference=TCOMHAD bain úsáid as an ghrúpa atá ag TCOMHAD
agus ná sonraigh luach GRÚPA
-R, --recursive oibrigh ar chomhaid/chomhadlanna go hathchúrsach
-v, --verbose taispeáin diagnóisic do gach comhad próiseáilte
-f, --silent, --quiet múch formhór na n-earráidí
--reference=TCOMHAD bain úsáid as an úinéir/ngrúpa atá ag TCOMHAD
agus ná sonraigh luach ÚINÉIR:GRÚPA
-R, --recursive oibrigh ar chomhaid/chomhadlanna go hathchúrsach
-v, --verbose taispeáin diagnóisic do gach comhad próiseáilte
-g cosúil le -l, ach ná taispeáin úinéir an liosta
-g GID[,GID1...] socraigh aitheantas an phríomhghrúpa go dtí an GID uimhriúil,
agus (má thugtar iad) na haitheantais forlíontacha go GID1,...
-h, --no-dereference téigh i bhfeidhm ar an nasc siombalach in ionad
comhad tagartha ar bith (le fáil más féidir le do
chóras an t-úinéir de nasc siombalach a athrú)
-i, --ignore-case ná bí cásíogair agus réimsí á gcur i gcomparáid
-j RÉIMSE ar comhbhrí le `-1 RÉIMSE -2 RÉIMSE'
-o FORMÁID tóg an líne aschurtha de réir FORMÁID
-t CAR úsáid CAR mar theormharcóir idir réimsí ionchur/aschur
-i, --initial ná tiontaigh TÁB i ndiaidh carachtair nach spás bán
-t, --tabs=UIMHIR cuir táib UIMHIR carachtar ó chéile in ionad 8
-i, --inodes taispeáin eolas inode in ionad úsáid na mbloc
-k ar comhbhrí le `--block-size=1K'
-l, --local ná taispeáin ach córais chomhaid logánta
--no-sync ná sync roimh eolas úsáide a fháil (réamhshocrú)
-k ar comhbhrí le `--block-size=1K'
-l, --count-links cuir méid san áireamh gach uair más nasc crua é
-m ar comhbhrí le `--block-size=1M'
-l bain úsáid as an mhód fhoclach
-L, --dereference nuair atá nasc siombalach ann, taispeáin an
t-eolas faoin tagraí seachas an nasc féin
-m taispeáin iontrálacha scartha le camóga
-l, --link nasc comhaid in ionad iad a chóipeáil
-L, --dereference lean naisc shiombalacha i FOINSE i gcónaí
-l, --login taispeáin próisis logála isteach an chórais
-m, --canonicalize-missing caighdeánaigh trí leanúint gach nasc siombalach
i ngach ball den chonair, go hathchúrsach;
ceadaítear comhpháirteanna ar iarraidh
-n, --no-newline ná scríobh an líne nua fhoirceanta
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent múch formhór na n-earráidí
-v, --verbose taispeáin earráidí
-m, --mode=MÓD socraigh mód an chomhaid (mar le chmod), ní a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents gan earráid má tá sé ann cheana, déan tuismitheoirí más gá
-v, --verbose taispeáin tcht nuair a chruthaítear gach comhadlann
-Z, --context=CTCS socraigh comhthéacs slándála SELinux de gach comhadlann
a chruthaítear go CTCS
-n, --digits=DIGITÍ bain úsáid as DIGITÍ digit, in ionad 2
-s, --quiet, --silent ná taispeáin líonta na mbeart in aschomhaid
-z, --elide-empty-files scrios aschomhaid fholmha
-n, --numeric-uid-gid cosúil le -l, ach taispeáin UID/GID uimhriúla
-N, --literal taispeáin ainmneacha amha (ná caith le carachtair
éalúcháin go speisialta)
-o cosúil le `-l', ach gan eolas faoin ghrúpa
-p, --indicator-style=slash
cuir táscaire / le comhadlanna
-o, --output=COMHAD scríobh na torthaí i gCOMHAD in ionad an ghnáth-aschuir
-s, --stable caighdeánaigh an t-ord trí dhíchumasú na
sórtála den rogha dheireanach
-S, --buffer-size=MÉID maolán príomhchuimhne = MÉID
-q, --count taispeáin gach ainm logála isteach agus
líon na n-úsáideoirí faoi láthair
-r, --runlevel taispeáin an leibhéal feidhmithe faoi láthair
-s, --short ná taispeáin ach ainm, líne, agus am (réamhshocrú)
-t, --time taispeáin athrú an chloig is déanaí
-q, --hide-control-chars taispeáin ? in ionad carachtair neamhghrafacha
--show-control-chars taispeáin carachtair neamhghrafacha (réamhshocrú
mura `ls' an clár agus aschur chuig teirminéal)
-Q, --quote-name cuir ainmneacha idir comharthaí athfhriotail
--quoting-style=FOCAL bain úsáid as an stíl FOCAL do na hainmneacha:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent ná taispeáin ceanntásc leis an ainm comhaid
-v, --verbose taispeáin an ceanntásc leis an ainm comhaid
-r, --reference=COMHAD taispeáin am an athraithe is déanaí do COMHAD
-R, --rfc-2822 taispeáin dáta agus am de réir RFC 2822
Mar shampla: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=COMHAD úsáid na hamanna ar an chomhad seo, ní an t-am anois
-t STAMPA úsáid [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] in ionad an ama anois
--time=FOCAL socraigh an t-am le FOCAL:
FOCAL = access, atime, nó use: ar comhbhrí le -a
FOCAL = modify nó mtime: ar comhbhrí le -m
-r, --references is tagairt é an chéad réimse ar gach líne
-t, --typeset-mode - neamhchríochnaithe -
-w, --width=UIMHIR leithead an aschuir, gan tagairt
-s, --only-delimited ná taispeáin ach na línte le teormharcóirí
--output-delimiter=TEAGHRÁN úsáid TEAGHRÁN mar theormharcóir aschuir
agus an teormharcóir ionchurtha mar réamhshocrú
-s, --signal=COMHARTHA, -COMHARTHA
tabhair an t-ainm nó an uimhir den chomhartha le seoladh
-l, --list taispeáin ainmneacha na gcomharthaí, nó tiontaigh
ainmneacha go/ó uimhreacha
-t, --table taispeáin tábla le heolas faoi chomharthaí
-s, --symbolic-link nasc comhaid in ionad iad a chóipeáil
-S, --suffix=IARMHÍR sáraigh an iarmhír chúltaca réamhshocraithe
-t, --target-directory=COMHADLANN cóipeáil gach FOINSE go dtí COMHADLANN
-T, --no-target-directory caith le SPRIOC mar ghnáthchomhad
-t sórtáil de réir am mionathraithe
-T, --tabsize=COLÚIN cuir táb ar gach COLÚIN colún (réamhshocrú=8)
-t ar comhbhrí le -vT
-T, --show-tabs taispeáin táib mar ^I
-u (gan feidhm)
-v, --show-nonprinting taispeáin rialúcháin le ^, M-; ní LFD agus TAB
-t, --field-separator=CAR úsáid CAR in ionad athrú ó neamh- go spás bán
-T, --temporary-directory=COMHADLANN cuir comhaid shealadacha i gCOMHADLANN
in ionad $TMPDIR nó %s; comharthaíonn gach rogha
comhadlann ar leith
-u, --unique le -c, deimhnigh sórtáil gan dúblaigh;
gan -c, ná taispeáin ach línte uathúla
-t, --tabs=LIOSTA úsáid LIOSTA táib faoi leith, scartha le camóga
-t, --tagged-paragraph déan eangú an chéad líne leis an dara cheann
-u, --uniform-spacing spás aonarach idir focail, dhá i ndiaidh abairtí
-w, --width=UIMHIR uasmhéid leithid líne (réamhshocrú 75 colún)
--target-directory=COMHADLANN aistrigh gach FOINSE isteach i gCOMHADLANN
-T, --no-target-directory caith le SPRIOC mar ghnáthchomhad
-u, --update ná haistrigh ach amháin nuair atá FOINSE
níos úire ná an sprioc-chomhad, nó nuair atá
an sprioc-chomhad ar iarraidh
-v, --verbose mínigh na rudaí atá ag tarlú
-t, --text léigh sa mhód téacs (réamhshocrú mura bhfuil sé ónghnáth-ionchur)
-t, --text léigh sa mhód téacs (réamhshocrú)
-u, --remove teasc agus scrios comhad i ndiaidh forscríobh
-v, --verbose taispeáin eolas faoin dul chun cinn
-x, --exact ná slánaigh méideanna comhaid suas;
is réamhshocraithe é seo le haghaidh comhad neamhghnách
-z, --zero forscríobh deireanach le nialais, folaigh an léirscrios
-u, --update ná cóipeáil ach amháin nuair atá FOINSE
níos úire ná an sprioc-chomhad, nó nuair atá
an sprioc-chomhad ar iarraidh
-v, --verbose mínigh na rudaí atá ag tarlú
-x, --one-file-system fan ar an chóras chomhaid seo
-u, --user=ÚSÁIDEOIR socraigh ÚSÁIDEOIR sa chomhthéacs sprice slándála
-r, --role=RÓL socraigh RÓL sa chomhthéacs sprice slándála
-t, --type=CINEÁL socraigh CINEÁL sa chomhthéacs sprice slándála
-l, --range=RAON socraigh RAON sa chomhthéacs sprice slándála
-v, --kernel-version taispeáin leagan na heithne
-m, --machine taispeáin ainm na gcrua-earraí
-p, --processor taispeáin cineál an phróiseálaí, nó "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform taispeáin ardán na gcrua-earraí nó "unknown"
-o, --operating-system taispeáin an córas oibriúcháin
-w, --check-chars=N déan comparáid ar N carachtar ar a mhéad
-w, --width=COLÚIN socraigh leithead den scáileán
-x taispeáin ar línte in ionad colún
-X sórtáil de réir iarmhíre an chomhaid,
san ord aibítre
-Z, --context taispeáin comhthéacs slándála SELinux de gach
comhad má tá ann
-1 taispeáin aon chomhad sa líne
-z, --zero-terminated úsáid NUL foirceanta in ionad líne nua
[:graph:] carachtair ghrafacha, ach amháin spás
[:lower:] litreacha cás íochtair
[:print:] carachtair ghrafacha, spás san áireamh
[:punct:] comharthaí poncaíochta
[:space:] spás bán, cothrománach nó ingearach
[:upper:] litreacha cás uachtair
[:xdigit:] digití heicsidheachúlacha
[=CAR=] carachtair ar comhbhrí le CAR
\v táb ingearach
CAR1-CAR2 gach carachtar idir CAR1 agus CAR2, in ord
[CAR*] i dTACAR2, cóipeanna CAR go dtí fad TACAR1
[CAR*UIMHIR] UIMHIR cóip de CAR, ochtnártha má thosaíonn sé le 0
[:alnum:] litreacha agus digití
[:alpha:] litreacha
[:blank:] spás bán cothrománach
[:cntrl:] carachtair rialúcháin
[:digit:] digití
ascii ó EBCDIC go ASCII
ebcdic ó ASCII go EBCDIC
ibm ó ASCII go EBCDIC malartach
block stuáil le spásanna go cbs-size gach taifead atá scortha le líne nua
unblock cuir línte nua in ionad spásanna ag deireadh de thaifid de cbs-size
lcase athraigh an cás uachtair go dtí an cás íochtair
binary úsáid I/A dénártha le haghaidh sonraí
d[MÉID] slánuimhir dheachúlach le sín, MÉID beart ar cheann
f[MÉID] uimhir shnámhphointe, MÉID beart ar an gceann
o[MÉID] ochtnártha, MÉID beart ar an gceann
u[MÉID] slánuimhir dheachúlach gan sín, MÉID beart ar an gceann
x[MÉID] heicsidheachúlach, MÉID beart ar an gceann
direct úsáid I/A díreach le haghaidh sonraí
dsync úsáid I/A sioncrónaithe le haghaidh sonraí
noatime ná nuashonraigh an t-am rochtana
nocreat ná cruthaigh an t-aschomhad
excl teip má tá an t-aschomhad ann cheana
notrunc ná déan teascadh ar an aschomhad
ucase athraigh an cás íochtair go dtí an cás uachtair
swab babhtáil gach cúpla beart san ionchur
noctty ná ceap an teirminéal rialaithe ó chomhad
noerror lean ar aghaidh tar éis earráidí sa léamh
sync stuáil gach bloc ionchurtha le carachtair NUL go dtí ibs-size;
nuair atá `block' nó `unblock' in úsáid, stuáil le spásanna
in ionad carachtair NUL
fdatasync scríobh ar an aschomhad go fisiceach roimh chríochnú
fsync mar an gcéanna, ach scríobh meiteashonraí freisin
nofollow ná lean naisc shiombalacha
nolinks teip má tá naisc iomadúla ann
nonblock úsáid I/A gan bhacainní
none, off ná déan cúltacaí choíche (fiú má tá --backup ceaptha)
numbered, t déan cúltacaí agus uimhreacha orthu
existing, nil numbered má tá uimhreacha orthu anois, simple mura bhfuil
simple, never déan cúltacaí simplí i gcónaí
sync mar an gcéanna, ach le haghaidh meiteashonraí fosta
text úsáid I/A téacs le haghaidh sonraí
%4s-bloc Ídithe Ar Fáil Úsáid %s-bloc Ídithe Ar Fáil Iomlán (cúltaca: %s) * [-]ctlecho déan macalla de charachtair rialúcháin mar `^c', srl.
[-]echo déan macalla de gach carachtar ionchurtha
* [-]echoctl ar comhbhrí le [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe ar comhbhrí le [-]crterase
[-]echok déan macalla de líne nua i ndiaidh carachtair maraithe
* [-]echoke ar comhbhrí le [-]crtkill
[-]echonl déan macalla de líne nua, fiú mura carachtair eile
* [-]echoprt déan macalla de charachtair léirscriosta ar gcúl,
idir `\' agus `/'
[-]icanon cumasaigh carachtair speisialta erase,kill,werase,agus rprnt
[-]iexten cumasaigh carachtair speisialta neamh-POSIX
* [-]iuclc tiontaigh an cás uachtair go dtí an cás íochtair
* [-]ixany ceadaigh atosú le haon charachtar
[-]ixoff cumasaigh seoladh de charachtair thosaigh/stoptha
[-]ixon cumasaigh rialú sreafa XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk comharthaigh earráidí phaireachta (le cód 255-0-carachtar)
[-]tandem ar comhbhrí le [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 glac le carachtair san ionchódú UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl tiontaigh aisfhilleadh go líne nua
* [-]ofdel stuáil le scrioscharachtair in ionad carachtair nialasacha
* [-]ofill stuáil le carachtair in ionad am-áireamh i gcás moille
* [-]olcuc tiontaigh an cás íochtair go dtí an cás uachtair
* [-]onlcr tiontaigh líne nua go haisfhilleadh+líne nua
* [-]onlret déan líne nua aisfhilleadh
* [-]onocr ná taispeáin aisfhilleadh sa chéad cholún
[-]opost iarphróiseáil an t-aschur
* tabN mód moille do tháib chothrománacha, N=0,1,2, nó 3
* tabs ar comhbhrí le tab0
* -tabs ar comhbhrí le tab3
* vtN mód moille do tháib ingearacha, N=0 nó 1
* eol2 CAR CAR eile chun an líne a chríochnú
erase CAR léirscriosfaidh CAR an carachtar is déanaí
intr CAR seolfaidh CAR comhartha idirbhriste
kill CAR léirscriosfaidh CAR an líne reatha
* lnext CAR iontrálfaidh CAR an chéad charachtar luaite eile
quit CAR seolfaidh CAR comhartha scortha
* rprnt CAR priontálfaidh CAR an líne reatha arís
start CAR atosóidh CAR an t-aschur i ndiaidh á stopadh
* rows N cuir in iúl go bhfuil N líne ag an teirminéal
* size taispeáin líon na línte agus na gcolún de réir na heithne
speed taispeáin luas an teirminéil
time N le -icanon, socraigh seal fanachta, N deachú soicind
Curtha suas ar
TTY grúpaí= sean le linn timthriall %s
% 1% den chuimhne, b 1, K 1024 (réamhshocrú), srl. le M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
*** RABHADH ***
Athraíonn an logchaighdeán na torthaí a ghineann `sort'.
Cuir LC_ALL=C chun sórtáil de réir an oird traidisiúnta
(.i. de réir luachanna dúchasacha de na bearta.
%.*s: tiontú neamhbhailí %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu úsáideoir %lu úsáideoir %lu úsáideoir %lu n-úsáideoir %lu úsáideoir %s %s (ar regexp %s) %s -> %s (dí-chúltaca)
Chríochnaigh %s [-d] gan an chúis a mhíniú is iad %s agus %s an comhad céanna Tá %s ann cheana, ach ní comhadlann é tá %s ann anois; críoch an chomhaid nua á leanúint tá %s insroichte anois tá %s dorochtana anois cuireadh comhad nach féidir a `tail' in áit %s; á thréigean tá comhad nua in áit %s anois; críoch an chomhaid nua á leanúint tá %s de chineál anaithnid Ní slánuimhir dheimhneach bhailí é %s tá %s rómhór argóint %s%s rómhór: `%s' %s: tá %s chomh mór nach inléirithe é %s: %s: líne-uimhir as raon %s: %s: níl a leithéid ann %s: %s:%s: mí-eagar: %s: Theip ar oscailt nó ar léamh
%s: Níl a leithéid d'úsáideoir ann %s: tá gá le `}' i líon na hathráite %s: bhíothas ag súil le hoibreoir dénártha %s: ní foláir naisc shiombalacha coibhneasta a dhéanamh sa chomhadlann oibre %s: ní féidir mód gan bacainní a athshocrú %s: níl aon fháil ar ainm don aitheantas úsáideora %lu
%s: ní féidir an chríoch a lorg do chomhad den chineál seo; ag tréigean %s: ní féidir `lseek' a dhéanamh ar ais go dtí an láthair thionscantach %s: ní féidir forscríobh a dhéanamh ar chomhadlann %s: ní féidir atochras %s: ní féidir seek a dhéanamh %s: ní féidir bogadh go fritháireamh coibhneasta ón chríoch %s %s: ní féidir bogadh go fritháireamh %s %s: ní féidir bogadh go fritháireamh coibhneasta %s %s: ní féidir tuarascálaí comhaid sínte amháin a léirscriosadh %s: teormharcóir foirceanta `%c' ar iarraidh %s: ní féidir mód gan bacainní a athshocrú %s: téigh síos isteach i gcomhadlann %s? %s: téigh síos isteach i gcomhadlann scríobh-bhactha %s? %s: comhadchríoch %s: ní foláir carachtar aonarach mar oibreann d'aicme coibhéise %s: earráid le linn teasctha %s: earráid le linn scríobh ag fritháireamh %s %s: bhíothas ag súil le luach uimhriúil %s: theip ar dhúnadh %s: theip ar oscailt chun é a scríobh %s: theip ar bhaint %s: theip ar fcntl %s: theip ar fdatasync %s: comhad de mhéid diúltach %s: is róchraptha an comhad %s: tá an comhad rómhór %s: comhad rófhada %s: comhad teasctha %s: theip ar fstat %s: theip ar fsync %s: ní cheadaítear nasc crua le comhadlann %s: tá lúb san ionchur: %s: is corr líon na dteaghrán san ionchur %s: is ionann iad an t-inchomhad agus an t-aschomhad %s: bhíothas ag súil le slánuimhir i ndiaidh teormharcóra %s: PID neamhbhailí %s: áireamh neamhbhailí ag tús %s %s: treoir neamhbhailí %s: sonraíocht neamhbhailí réimse %s %s: méid comhaid neamhbhailí %s: cineál comhaid neamhbhailí %s: is neamhbhailí é an líon uasta `stat'anna gan athrú idir oscailtí %s: uimhir neamhbhailí %s: líon neamhbhailí na mbeart %s: líon na línte neamhbhailí %s: líon na dtimthriallta neamhbhailí %s: líon na soicindí neamhbhailí %s: patrún neamhbhailí %s: aitheantas neamhbhailí próisis %s: slonn ionadaíochta neamhbhailí: %s %s: comhartha neamhbhailí %s: fad iarmhíre neamhbhailí %s: ní foláir líne-uimhir dheimhneach %s: líne-uimhir as raon %s: theip ar lseek %s: Tugadh comharthaí iomadúla %s: is %s na ceadanna nua, ní %s %s: níl aon líne dhea-chumtha ar fáil le suim sheiceála %s %s: níl aon eolas ar fáil faoin mhéid den ghléas seo %s: ní liostófar comhadlann atá liostaithe cheana %s: is rómhór líon na mbeart %s: forscríobh %s? %s: timthriall %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: timthriall %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: timthriall %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: earráid sa léamh %s: scrios %s %s? %s: bain gach argóint go hathchúrsach? %s: bain gach argóint? %s: scrios %s scríobh-bhactha %s? %s: scriosta %s: á scriosadh %s: ainm nua %s %s: ionadaigh %s? %s: níorbh fhéidir `seek' a dhéanamh %s: an iomarca línte shuim sheiceála %s: déan iarracht ar %s a fhorscríobh, agus mód %04lo (%s) a shárú? %s: ní féidir an t-uasfhad d'ainmneacha comhaid a dhéanamh amach %s: ní féidir gach tasc iarrtha a dhéanamh %s: bhíothas ag súil le hoibreoir aonártha %s: níl an luach tiontaithe ar fad %s: earráid sa scríobh %s:%lu: líne neamhbhailí; dara teaghrán ar iarraidh %s:%lu: lorgfhocal anaithnid %s %s}: tá gá le slánuimhir idir `{' agus `}' ' bhíothas ag súil le ')' bhíothas ag súil le ')', fuarthas %s © * córais chomhad a chuireann sonraí i dtaisce i suímh shealadacha,
mar shampla cliaint NFS leagan 3
* córais chomhad comhbhrúite
* córais chomhaid atá bunaithe ar log nó dialann, mar shampla le
AIX agus Solaris (agus JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, srl.)
* córais chomhaid a scríobh sonraí iomarcacha agus a leanann fiú má theipeann
cuid den scríobh, mar shampla chórais bunaithe ar RAID
* córais a dhéanann `grianghraif', mar shampla an freastalaí NFS atá ag Network Appliances
, meánlód: %.2f , %g shoicind, %s/s
oibríonn --context (-Z) le heithne atá cumasaithe do SELinux amháin tá gá le ceann de -H nó -L leis na roghanna -R --dereference tá gá le -P leis na roghanna -R -h ní ghlacann -ef le -l ní ghlacann -nt le -l ní ghlacann -ot le -l ???
Aicme sheolta d'óstainm gan tacaíocht Is riachtanach le rogha ghearr aon argóint atá riachtanach leis an rogha fhada.
Cuireadh gach iarratas i gcrích Tá an maolán argóinte róbheag Arnold Robbins Luach neamhbhailí do 'ai_flags' FAINIC: Braitheann `shred' ar ghlacadh tromchúiseach:
go ndéanann an córas comhaid forscríobh ar shonraí ina n-ionad.
Is é sin an sean-nós, ach níl an glacadh seo bailí ar mhórán córais
nua-aimseartha. Níl `shred' cumasach, nó níl ráthaíocht ar bith go mbeidh
sé cumasach i ngach mód ar na córais a leanas:
NÓTA Glaoigh ar an fheidhm link() chun COMHAD2 a nascadh le COMHAD1.
Bain úsáid as an fheidhm unlink() chun an COMHAD a scriosadh.
Athraigh an t-aitheantas úsáideora/grúpa i bhfeidhm go dtí na cinn
atá ag ÚSÁIDEOIR.
-, -l, --login bain úsáid as blaosc logála isteach
-c, --commmand=ORDÚ seachaid ORDÚ chuig an bhlaosc le -c
-f, --fast seachaid -f chuig an bhlaosc (csh nó tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment ná hathshocraigh athróga thimpeallachta
-p ar comhbhrí le -m
-s, --shell=BLAOSC rith BLAOSC má cheadaíonn /etc/shells é
Athraigh an grúpa de gach COMHAD go GRÚPA.
Le --reference, athraigh an grúpa de gach COMHAD go dtí an grúpa de TCOMHAD.
-c, --changes cosúil le `verbose' ach ná tabhair tuairisc ach
nuair a athraítear rud éigin
--dereference téigh i bhfeidhm ar thagrán gach naisc
shiombalaigh (réamhshocrú) in ionad an naisc
shiombalaigh féin
Athraigh an mód de gach COMHAD go dtí MÓD.
-c, --changes cosúil le `verbose' ach ná tabhair tuairisc ach ar athruithe
Athraigh an t-úinéir agus/nó an grúpa de gach COMHAD go ÚINÉIR agus/nó GRÚPA.
Le --reference, athraigh an t-úinéir agus an grúpa de gach COMHAD go dtí an
t-úinéir agus an grúpa de TCOMHAD.
-c, --changes cosúil le `verbose' ach ná tabhair tuairisc ach nuair
a athraítear rud éigin
--dereference téigh i bhfeidhm ar thagrán gach naisc
shiombalaigh (réamhshocrú) in ionad an naisc
shiombalaigh féin
Colin Plumb Déan comparáid idir na comhaid shórtáilte COMHAD1 agus COMHAD2, líne ar líne.
Comhcheangail COMHA(I)D, nó an gnáth-ionchur, leis an ngnáth-aschur.
-A, --show-all ar comhbhrí le -vET
-b, --number-nonblack uimhrigh línte aschurtha nach bhfuil folamh
-e ar comhbhrí le -vE
-E, --show-ends taispeáin $ ag deireadh gach líne
-n, --number uimhrigh gach líne aschurtha
-s, --squeeze-blank laghdaigh línte folmha iomadúla go ceann amháin
Tiontaigh spásanna i ngach COMHAD go táib, agus scríobh ar an ngnáth-aschur.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Tiontaigh na táib i ngach COMHAD go spásanna agus scríobh chuig an
ghnáth-aschur. Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más - é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Cóipeáil FOINSE go SPRIOC, nó FOINSE/Í go COMHADLANN.
Cóipeáil an gnáth-ionchur chuig gach COMHAD, agus chuig an ghnáth-aschur
freisin.
-a, --append iarcheangail leis na COMHA(I)D, ná forscríobh
-i, --ignore-interrupts déan neamhshuim ar chomharthaí idirbhriste
Cruthaigh píopaí ainmnithe (FIFO) leis na hAINMneacha tugtha.
Cruthaigh an chomhadlann/na comhadlanna, mura bhfuil siad ann cheana féin.
Cruthaigh an comhad speisialta AINM den chineál ceaptha CINEÁL.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Comhadlann: Taispeáin stádas de chomhad nó de chóras comhaid.
-L, --dereference lean naisc
-f, --file-system taispeáin stádas de chóras in ionad comhaid
Taispeáin an t-am anois i gcruth FORMÁID, nó socraigh dáta an chórais.
-d, --date=TEAGHRÁN taispeáin am tugtha i dTEAGHRÁN, ní `now'
-f, --file=COMHADDÁTA mar --date uair amháin sa líne de CHOMHADDÁTA
Dmitry V. Levin Tréig aon ghrúpaí forlíontacha, glac le haitheantas úsáideora/grúpa
an ÚSÁIDEORA sonraithe (aitheantas uimhriúil nó ainm an úsáideora), agus
rith ORDÚ le ARGÓINTí, má tá ann. Scoir le stádas 111 mura bhfuiltear
in ann na haitheantais úsáideora/grúpa a ghlacadh.
I ngach cás eile, scoir le stádas scortha an ORDÚ.
Ní úsáideach an clár seo mura bhfuil sé rite ag an bhforúsáideoir (UID=0).
SCOIR Is éard atá i ngach raon ná ceann de:
N N-ú beart, carachtar, nó réimse, uimhrithe ó 1
N- ón N-ú beart, carachtar, nó réimse go dtí deireadh na líne
N-M ón N-ú go dtí M-ú beart, carachtar, nó réimse (araon san áireamh)
-M ón aonú go dtí M-ú beart, carachtar, nó réimse (araon san áireamh)
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Déan macalla ar an/na TEAGHRÁ(I)N chuig an ghnáth-aschur.
-n ná scríobh an líne nua fhoirceanta
Scoir le cód scortha a chomharthaíonn teip. Scoir le cód scortha a chomharthaíonn bua. Scoir leis an stádas scortha tugtha ag SLONN.
F. Pinard TEIPTHE FIXME: anaithnid Ní mór do FORMÁID a bheith oiriúnach chun argóint amháin den chineál `double'
a phriontáil; is é %.BCHTf an luach réamhshocraithe más uimhreacha
deachúlacha pointe fosaithe iad AONÚ, INCRIMINT, agus DEIREADH le
huasbheachtas BCHT, agus is é %g i ngach cás eile.
Níl príomhuimhir ná mionuimhir ghléis ag comhaid fifo. Córas comhaid Córas comhaid Cineál Scríobh líne chuig an ghnáth-aschur do gach péire de línte ionchurtha le
réimsí ceangal comhoiriúnacha. Is an chéad réimse an ceann réamhshocraithe,
cuimsithe le spás bán. Más `-' COMHAD1 nó COMHAD2 (nach iad araon), léigh
ón ghnáth-ionchur.
-a TAOBH taispeáin línte gan phéire as an gcomhad TAOBH
-e FOLAMH cuir FOLAMH in ionad réimsí ionchurtha ar iarraidh
Scríobh bloic athraithe chuig an diosca, nuashonraigh an t-osbhloc.
H. Peter Anvin DÍOMHAOIN Ian Lance Taylor Díomhaoin Is féidir freisin go bhfuil cóipeanna den chomhad i gcúltacaí an chórais
comhad nó ar shuímh scáthánaithe, agus ní féidir na cóipeanna seo a bhaint.
Dá bharr seo, b'fhéidir comhad léirscriosta a fháil ar ais amach anseo.
I réaltacht: Má tá córas comhad ext3 agat, tá an séanadh thuasluaite i bhfeidhm
(.i. is neamhéifeachtach é `shred') sa mhód data=journal amháin -
seo é an mód a scríobhann sonraí comhaid mar aon le meiteashonraí.
Sna móid data=ordered (réamhshocrú) agus data=writeback, oibríonn `shred'
mar is gnách. Is féidir na móid iriseáin Ext3 a athrú trí chur na rogha
data=something leis na roghanna feistithe sa chomhad /etc/fstab do
chórais chomhad áirithe, mar a thuairiscítear sa leathanach lámhleabhair
mount (`man mount').
Éigríoch B Idirbhriste ag comhartha Cúltagairt neamhbhailí Ainm neamhbhailí ar aicme charachtar Carachtar neamhbhailí comhordaithe Ábhar neamhbhailí idir \{ agus \} Slonn ionadaíochta neamhbhailí roimhe seo Tá deireadh an raoin neamhbhailí Slonn ionadaíochta neamhbhailí James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf LÍNE Taispeáin eolas faoin COMHA(I)D (sa chomhadlann reatha mar réamhshocrú).
Sórtáil san ord aibítre mura bhfuil --sort ná aon cheann de -cftuvSUX ann.
Logáil Isteach Ainm logála isteach: Is riachtanach le rogha ghearr aon argóint atá riachtanach leis an rogha fhada.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Theip ar dháil chuimhne Cuimhne ídithe Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker AINM Ainm Ainm nó seirbhís anaithnid Níl seoladh ar bith ceangailte leis an óstainm Níl a leithéid ann Ní raibh slonn ionadaíochta roimhe seo Teip dhocheartaithe ar réiteach na n-ainmneacha OK Ní foláir teaghrán aonarach a thabhairt le linn scriosta gan fáscadh. Roghanna sórtála:
Cuir as innéacs iomalartaithe, le comhthéacs, de na focail sna hinchomhaid.
Taispeáin orduithe chun na hathróige thimpeallachta LS_COLORS a shocrú.
Roghnaigh an fhormáid aschurtha:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell taispeáin cód Bourne chun LS_COLORS a shocrú
-c, --csh, --c-shell taispeáin cód C-shell chun LS_COLORS a shocrú
-p, --print-database taispeáin réamhshocruithe
Scríobh píosaí de mhéid sheasta ó IONCHUR chuig RÉIMÍRaa, RÉIMÍRab, ...;
Méid réamhshocraithe = 1000 líne, agus an RÉIMÍR réamhshocraithe = `x'.
Mura bhfuil IONCHUR ann, nó más `-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Scríobh píosaí de CHOMHAD, scartha le PATRÚ(I)N, i gcomhaid `xx00',`xx01',...
agus taispeáin líon na mbeart i ngach píosa ar an gnáth-aschur.
Taispeáin úsáideoirí atá logáilte isteach faoi láthair, dar le COMHAD.
Gan CHOMHAD, úsáid %s. Feictear %s mar CHOMHAD go minic.
Forscríobh an COMHA(I)D arís agus arís eile chun go bhfuil sé níos
deacra na sonraí a fháil ar ais, fiú le crua-earraí an-chostasacha.
PID Uimhrigh leathanaigh nó colúin de CHOMHA(I)D le haghaidh priontála.
Níl an teaghrán paraiméadair ionchódaithe i gceart Focal faire: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plean:
Deireadh an tsloinn gan choinne Taispeáin ARGÓINT(Í) de réir FORMÁID, nó rith de réir ROGHA:
Taispeáin suim sheiceála CRC agus líon bearta di gach COMHAD.
Taispeáin an tAINM agus bain amach ainmneacha comhadlainne ar tosach.
Má tá IARMHÍR ann, bain é amach fosta.
Taispeáin AINM lena /bhall deiridh bainte amach; mura bhfuil slais in AINM,
priontáil `.' (an chomhadlann oibre).
Taispeáin eolas áirithe faoin gcóras. Gan ROGHA, is ionann é agus `-s'.
-a, --all taispeáin gach faisnéis, san ord seo a leanas,
ach fág -p agus -i ar lár más anaithnid:
-s, --kernel-name taispeáin ainm na heithne
-n, --nodename taispeáin óstainm an nóid lín
-r, --kernel-release taispeáin leagan na heithne
Taispeáin ailtireacht an ríomhaire.
Taispeáin uimhreacha ón AONÚ go dtí an DEIREADH, i gcéimeanna INCRIMINT.
-f, --format=FORMÁID FORMÁID shnámhphointe cosúil le printf
-s, --separator=TEAGHRÁN dealaigh uimhreacha le TEAGHRÁN (réamhshocrú: \n)
-w, --equal-width cothromaigh leithead le nialais tosaigh
Taispeáin nó athraigh na hairíonna den teirminéal.
-a, --all taispeáin na hairíonna go léir i gcruth inléite
-g, --save taispeáin na hairíonna go léir i gcruth stty-inléite
-F, --file=GLÉAS oscail úsáid GLÉAS in ionad an ghnáth-ionchuir
Taispeáin codanna tofa de na línte as gach COMHAD ar an ngnáth-aschur.
Taispeáin ainm an teirminéil atá ceangailte leis an ngnáth-ionchur.
-s, --silent, --quiet ná taispeáin aon ní; aischuir stádas scortha
Taispeáin an chéad deich líne i ngach COMHAD chuig an ghnáth-aschur.
Má tá níos mó ná COMHAD amháin, taispeáin ceanntásc leis an ainm comhaid
roimh gach COMHAD. Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón
ghnáth-ionchur.
Taispeáin an t-ainm iomlán den chomhadlann oibre.
Scríobh an %d líne ag an deireadh de gach COMHAD chuig an ghnáth-aschur.
Má tá níos mó ná COMHAD amháin ann, cuir ceanntásc lena ainm comhaid roimh gach.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Taispeáin an t-ainm den úsáideoir reatha.
Taispeáin an t-ainm úsáideora nasctha leis an aitheantas atá i bhfeidhm
faoi láthair. Ar comhbhrí le `id -un'.
Iarratas próiseála ar siúl Tionscadal: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Slonn ionadaíochta rómhor Bain (dínasc) an COMHAD/na COMHAID.
-f, --force déan neamhshuim ar chomhaid nach bhfuil ann, agus
ná tabhair leid riamh
-i tabhair leid sula mbainfear aon rud
Athraigh ainm de FOINSE go SPRIOC, nó aistrigh FOINSE/Í go COMHADLANN.
Priontáil líne arís agus arís le gach TEAGHRÁN ceaptha, nó `y'.
Cealaíodh an t-iarratas Níor cealaíodh an t-iarratas Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Rith ORDÚ le tosaíocht coigeartaithe chun sceidealadh na bpróiseas a athrú.
Gan ORDÚ, taispeáin an tosaíocht reatha. Is féidir luachanna idir %d
(is mó tosaíocht) agus %d (is lú tosaíocht) a roghnú.
-n, --adjustment=N cuir an tslánuimhir N leis an tosaíocht (réamhshocrú=10)
Rith ORDÚ leis an fhréamhchomhadlann mar FRÉAMHNUA.
Rith ORDÚ agus lig comharthaí HUP thar.
Rith ríomhchlár le comhthéacs difriúil slándála.
Mura dtugtar COMHTHÉACS ná ORDÚ, taispeáin an comhthéacs slándála reatha.
COMHTHÉACS Comhthéacs iomlán slándála
-c, --compute ríomh comhthéacs trasdulta próisis sula n-athraítear é
-t, --type=CINEÁL cineál (ról céanna agus an máthairphróiseas)
-u, --user=ÚSÁIDEOIR aitheantas úsáideora
-r, --role=RÓL ról
-l, --range=RAON raon leibhéal
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Cuir comharthaí chuig próisis, nó taispeáin comharthaí.
Ní thacaítear le hainm freastalaithe do 'ai_socktype' Cuir LC_ALL='C' ionas gur féidir an fhadhb seo a sheachaint. Blaosc: Taispeáin eolas faoin chóras comhaid ar a bhfuil gach COMHAD,
nó faoi gach córas comhaid mar réamhshocrú.
Simon Josefsson Ní mór príomhuimhir ghléis agus mionuimhir ghléis a cheapadh le haghaidh na gcomhad speisialta Stuart Kemp D'éirigh leis Coimrigh úsáid diosca do gach COMHAD, go hathchúrsach do chomhadlanna.
Earráid chórais AM Teip shealadach ar réiteach na n-ainmneacha Is féidir na bratacha roghnacha seo a leanas a chur i ndiaidh `%':
- (fleiscín) ná stuáil an réimse
_ (fostríoc) stuáil le spásanna
0 (nialas) stuáil le nialais
^ úsáid an cás uachtair más féidir
# úsáid an cás codarsnach más féidir
Athraíonn na roghanna seo a leanas an chaoi a siúltar trí chomhadlanna nuair
a roghnaítear -R. Má tá níos mó ná rogha amháin sonraithe, ní úsáidfear ach
an ceann deireanach.
-H má tá nasc siombalach go comhadlann tugtha mar
argóint ar an líne ordaithe, lean é
-L lean gach uile nasc siombalach le comhadlann
-P ná lean aon nasc siombalach (réamhshocrú)
Rinneadh comparáid idir na teaghráin %s agus %s. Torbjorn Granlund Cúlslais chun deiridh Bain triail as `%s --help' chun tuilleadh eolais a fháil.
Bain triail as `%s ./%s' chun an comhad %s a bhaint.
Ní foláir dhá theaghrán le linn aistrithe. Ulrich Drepper Earráid anaithnid Earráid chórais anaithnid ( nó \( corr ) nó \) corr [ nó [^ corr \{ corr Úsáid: %s ORDÚ [ARGÓINT]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s COMHTHÉACS ORDÚ [argóintí]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u ÚSÁIDEOIR] [-r RÓL] [-t CINEÁL] [-l RAON] ORDÚ [argóintí]
Úsáid: %s SLONN
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s COMHAD
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s COMHAD1 COMHAD2
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s FORMÁID [ARGÓINT]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s AINM
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s AINM [IARMHÍR]
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s UIMHIR[IARMHÍR]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Déan moill de UIMHIR soicind. Is féidir `s' a úsáid mar IARMHÍR
(soicindí - an réamhshocrú), `m'=nóiméid, `h'=uaire, agus `d'=laethanta.
Cé go dteastaíonn an chuid is mó de chórais UIMHIR a bheith ina slánuimhir,
is féidir aon uimhir shnámhphointe a úsáid anseo le haghaidh UIMHIR.
Má tá níos mó ná argóint amháin ann, suimigh na hargóintí agus déan moill
den luach iomlán.
Úsáid: %s ROGHA... [COMHAD]...
Úsáid: %s [-s COMHARTHA | -SIGNAL] PID...
nó: %s -l [COMHARTHA]...
nó: %s -t [COMHARTHA]...
Úsáid: %s [COMHAD]...
nó: %s [ROGHA]
Úsáid: %s [AINM]
nó: %s ROGHA
Taispeáin nó socraigh óstainm an chórais reatha.
Úsáid: %s [UIMHIR]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s [OIBREANN]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA] [ORDÚ [ARG]...]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA] [COMHAD]
Scríobh liosta sórtáilte go hiomlán is comhchuí leis an pháirtord i gCOMHAD.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHTHÉACS COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... [-u ÚSÁIDEOIR] [-r RÓL] [-l RAON] [-t CINEÁL] COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... --reference=TCOMHAD COMHAD...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHADLANN...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHAD
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHAD PATRÚN...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHAD...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... COMHAD1 COMHAD2
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... GRÚPA COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... --reference=TCOMHAD COMHAD...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... DEIREADH
nó: %s [ROGHA]... AONÚ DEIREADH
nó: %s [ROGHA]... AONÚ INCRIMINT DEIREADH
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... MÓD[,MÓD]... COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... MÓD-OCHTACH COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... --reference=TCOMHAD COMHAD...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... AINM CINEÁL [PRÍOMH MION]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... AINM...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... TACAR1 [TACAR2]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [ COMHAD | ARG1 ARG2 ]]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [+FORMÁID]
nó: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [-T] FOINSE SPRIOC
nó: %s [ROGHA]... FOINSE... COMHADLANN
nó: %s [ROGHA]... -t COMHADLANN FOINSE...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [-T] FOINSE SPRIOC
nó: %s [ROGHA]... FOINSE... COMHADLANN
nó: %s [ROGHA]... -t COMHADLANN FOINSE...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... -d COMHADLANN...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [-T] SPRIOC AINM_NAISC (an chéad leagan)
nó: %s [ROGHA]... SPRIOC (an dara leagan)
nó: %s [ROGHA]... SPRIOC... COMHADLANN (an tríú leagan)
nó: %s [ROGHA]... -t COMHADLANN SPRIOC... (an cheathrú leagan)
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [-] [AINM=LUACH]... [ORDÚ [ARG]...]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [-] [ÚSÁIDEOIR [ARG]...]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [COMHAD]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [COMHAD]
nó: %s -e [ROGHA]... [ARG]...
nó: %s -i ÍSEAL-ARD [ROGHA]...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [COMHAD]...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [COMHAD]...
nó: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [COMHAD] [[+]FRITHÁIREAMH[.][b]]
nó: %s --traditional [ROGHA]... [COMHAD] [[+]FRITHÁIREAMH[.][b] [+][LIPÉAD][.][b]]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [COMHAD]...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... --files0-from=C
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [IONCHUR [ASCHUR]]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [IONCHUR]... (gan -G)
nó: %s -G [ROGHA]... [IONCHUR [ASCHUR]]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [ÚINÉIR][:[GRÚPA]] COMHAD...
nó: %s [ROGHA]... --reference=TCOMHAD COMHAD...
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [TEIMPLÉAD]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [ÚSÁIDEOIR]
Úsáid: %s [ROGHA]... [ÚSÁIDEOIR]...
Úsáid: %s [TEAGHRÁN]...
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: %s [argóintí gan úsáid]
nó: %s ROGHA
Úsáid: test SLONN
nó: test
nó: [ SLONN ]
nó: [ ]
nó: [ ROGHA
Na hargóintí bailí: Seichimh bhailí formáide le haghaidh córas comhaid:
%a Bloic ar fáil do ghnáthúsáideoir
%b Bloic sa chóras comhaid, go hiomlán
%c Nóid sa chóras comhaid, go hiomlán
%d Nóid atá saor sa chóras comhaid
%f Bloic ar fáil sa chóras comhaid
%C Comhthéacs slándála SELinux
RABHADH: struchtúr comhadlainne ciorclach.
Is cinnte, mar an gcéanna, go bhfuil córas comhaid truaillithe agatsa.
CUIR AN FHADHB SEO IN IÚL DO RIARTHÓIR DO CHÓRAIS.
Tá an chomhadlann a leanas cuid den struchtúr ciorclach:
%s
Rabhadh: Cathain Cén Áit Timfhill línte ionchurtha i ngach COMHAD (gnáth-ionchur mar réamhshocrú)
agus scríobh chuig an ghnáth-aschur.
Scríobh iomalartú randamach de na línte ionchurtha go dtí an gnáth-aschur.
Scríobh gach COMHAD chuig an ghnáth-aschur, bun os cionn.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Scríobh gach COMHAD chuig an ghnáth-aschur, le líne-uimhreacha sa bhreis.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Scríobh, chuig an ghnáth-aschur, línte comhoiriúnacha go seicheamhach
as gach COMHAD, scartha le TÁIB.
Mura bhfuil COMHAD ann, nó más '-' é, léigh ón ghnáth-ionchur.
Scríobh gach COMHAD, comhchaitéinithe agus sórtáilte, go dtí an gnáth-aschur.
Le %s agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, agus daoine eile nach iad.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
%s, agus %s.
Le %s, %s, %s,
agus %s.
Le %s, %s, agus %s.
Le %s.
ní cheadaítear sloinn [=c=] i dteaghrán2 le linn aistrithe ^[nN] ^[yYiIsS] ` `-%c' carachtair breise, nó uimhir neamhbhailí san argóint: %s `--pages=AONÚ[:DEIREADH]' argóint ar iarraidh `-N UIMHIR' líne-uimhir neamhbhailí thosaigh: %s `-W LEITHEAD' líon neamhbhailí carachtar: %s `-l FAD' líon neamhbhailí na línte: %s `-o CIUMHAIS' fritháireamh neamhbhailí líne: %s `-w LEITHEAD' líon neamhbhailí carachtar: %s ní foláir ordú a thabhairt le coigeartú %s á rochtain ní thacaítear le 'ai_family' ní thacaítear le 'ai_socktype' argóint dhébhríoch %s chun %s ní cheadaítear teormharcóir a thabhairt ach nuair atáthar ag oibriú le réimsí léirscriosfadh cúltaca de %s an comhad foinse; níor cóipeáladh %s léirscriosfadh cúltaca de %s an comhad foinse; níor aistríodh %s cineál cúltaca comhad speisialta den chineál `bloc' Níl comhaid speisialta den chineál `bloc' ar fáil ní gnáth-ionchur é ceann de na comhaid tá an fritháireamh birt %s rómhór ní féidir comhthéacs neamhiomlán a chur i bhfeidhm ar chomhad gan lipéad %s níl aon fháil ar chomhthéacs an phróisis ní féidir %s a rochtain ní féidir cúltaca a dhéanamh ar %s ní féidir coimriú a dhéanamh agus gach iontráil a thaispeáint ní féidir an t-úinéir de %s a athrú ní féidir na ceadanna de %s a athrú ní féidir an fhréamhchomhadlann a athrú go %s ní féidir an chomhadlann oibre a athrú go %s ní féidir chdir a dhéanamh go dtí an fhréamhchomhadlann ní féidir roghanna -e agus -i a chumasc ní féidir aon dá cheann de {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} a úsáid lena chéile ní féidir `block' agus `unblock' a úsáid lena chéile ní féidir `excl' agus `nocreat' a úsáid lena chéile ní féidir `lcase' agus `ucase' a úsáid lena chéile ní féidir rogha mhóid a chumasc leis an rogha --reference ní féidir comhartha a chumasc le -l nó -t ní féidir na hainmneacha comhaid %s agus %s a chur i gcomparáid le chéile ní féidir U+%04X a thiontú chuig an fhoireann carachtar logánta ní féidir U+%04X a thiontú chuig an fhoireann carachtar logánta: %s ní féidir an chomhadlann %s a chóipeáil isteach sa chomhadlann féin, %s ní féidir nasc siombalach ciorclach %s a chóipeáil ní féidir comhadlann %s a chruthú ní féidir an `fifo' %s a chruthú ní féidir nasc crua %s a chruthú go dtí %s ní féidir an nasc %s a chruthú ní féidir nasc a chruthú ó %s chuig %s ní féidir gnáthchomhad %s a chruthú ní féidir comhad speisialta %s a chruthú ní féidir an nasc siombalach %s a chruthú ní féidir nasc siombalach a dhéanamh ó %s go %s ní féidir %s a dhí-thagairt ní féidir an gléas agus inode de %s a dhéanamh amach ní féidir an t-óstainm a aimsiú ní féidir ioctl a dhéanamh ar %s níl aon fháil ar ainm don aitheantas grúpa %lu níl aon fháil ar ainm don aitheantas úsáideora %lu ní féidir %s a leanúint de réir a ainm ní féidir cur iallach ar chomhthéacs sprice %s agus é a chaomhnú ní féidir %s a `fstat' níl an chomhadlann reatha ar fáil níl an tosaíocht ar fáil níl aon fháil ar an ainm córais ní féidir %s a `lseek' ní féidir nasc crua agus nasc siombalach araon a dhéanamh ní féidir an chomhadlann %s a chruthú ní féidir %s a aistriú go %s ní féidir an chomhadlann %s a aistriú go dtí fochomhadlann dá chuid féin, %s ní féidir comhadlann a aistriú go dtí gnáthchomhad: %s -> %s ní féidir %s a oscailt chun léamh ní féidir %s a oscailt chun scríobh air ní féidir an chomhadlann %s a oscailt ní féidir oibriú ar nasc siombalach %s gan sprioc ní féidir forscríobh a dhéanamh ar %s (comhadlann) le gnáthchomhad ní féidir forscríobh a dhéanamh ar %s (ní comhadlann é) le %s (comhadlann) ní féidir aschur formáidithe a dhéanamh ní féidir an comhthéacs slándála a chaomhnú gan eithne atá cumasaithe do SELinux ní féidir "only" a thaispeáint le haghaidh níos mó ná rogha amháin ní féidir ach ainmneacha nó fíoraitheantais a thaispeáint san fhormáid réamhshocraithe ní féidir an comhthéacs slándála nuair atá sonraithe ag an úsáideoir ní féidir comhadlann %s a léamh ní féidir ainmneacha comhaid a léamh ó %s ní féidir an t-eolas faoin chóras comhaid a léamh do %s ní féidir an clog fhíor-ama a léamh ní féidir nasc siombalach %s a léamh ní féidir an tábla de chórais chomhad feistithe a léamh ní féidir %s a scriosadh ní féidir an pointeoir comhaid a athshocrú do %s ní féidir an dáta a shocrú ní féidir aitheantas an ghrúpa a shocrú ní féidir aitheantas grúpa a shocrú mar %lu ní féidir grúpaí a shocrú ní féidir leis an chóras seo a óstainm a shocrú ní féidir an t-ainm a shocrú mar %s ní féidir an tosaíocht a shocrú ní féidir an stampa ama a shocrú do %s ní féidir aitheantas an úsáideora a shocrú ní féidir aitheantas úsáideora a shocrú mar %lu ní féidir a ghabháil thar dheireadh an ionchuir iomláin ní féidir amanna a shocrú ó fhoinsí iomadúla ní féidir scoilt a dhéanamh de réir níos mó ná dóigh amháin ní féidir %s a `stat' níl an chomhadlann oibre ar fáil (%s anois) ní féidir %s a `touch' ní féidir dí-chúltaca a dhéanamh ar %s ní féidir %s a dhínasc tar éis an tsaoil, ní féidir fabht san eithne a sheachaint tá athrach grúpa ar %s go dtí %s
tá athrach úinéireachta ar %s go dtí %s
grúpa de %s á athrú úinéireacht ar %s á hathrú ceadanna %s á n-athrú is nialas an fritháireamh carachtair carachtar as raon comhad speisialta den chineál `carachtar' Níl comhaid speisialta den chineál `carachtar' ar fáil ceadanna ar %s á nglanadh athrú an chloig theip ar dhúnadh %s á dhúnadh %s (fd=%d) á dhúnadh comhadlann %s á dúnadh inchomhad %s á dhúnadh aschomhad %s á dhúnadh gnáth-ionchur á dhúnadh teaghrán ionaid le haghaidh réimsí folmha i gcoinbhleacht sonraitheoirí contrártha um chomhthéacs slándála níorbh fhéidir próiseas a chruthú le haghaidh %s -d níorbh fhéidir comhad sealadach a chruthú níorbh fhéidir %s a rith níorbh fhéidir %s -d a rith níorbh fhéidir iontráil chomhadlainne i %s le i-nód comhoiriúnach níl aon fháil ar am an tosaithe is déanaí cruthaíodh comhadlann %s comhadlann %s á cruthú comhad %s á chruthú
nasc crua %s á chruthú nasc crua %s le %s á chruthú nasc crua le %.0s%s á chruthú nasc siombalach %s á chruthú nasc siombalach %s le %s á chruthú críochnaíonn liosta na dteormharcóirí le cúlslais gan éalúchán: %s comhadlann roinnt le nialas theip ar dup2 comhadainm folamh táb folamh earráid agus comhad á dhúnadh earráid le linn cuardaigh ar shlonn ionadaíochta earráid le linn cuardaigh ar shlonn ionadaíochta earráid agus %s á léamh earráid agus %s á scríobh stádas= argóint bhreise %s oibreann breise %s oibreann breise %s
ní cheadaítear oibreann breise %s le -%c theip ar chomhthéacs de %s a athrú go %s theip ar athrú grúpa de %s go %s
níorbh fhéidir an mód de %s a athrú go %04lo (%s)
theip ar athrú úinéireachta de %s
theip ar athrú úinéireachta de %s go %s
theip ar chdir go dtí an chomhadlann %s theip ar chomhthéacs nua a chruthú níorbh fhéidir comhadlann a chruthú le teimpléad %s níorbh fhéidir comhad a chruthú le teimpléad %s theip ar chomhthéacs slándála a chruthú: %s níorbh fhéidir na saintréithe de %s a rochtain níorbh fhéidir an comhthéacs reatha a fháil níorbh fhéidir comhthéacs chruthú an chórais comhad a fháil níorbh fhéidir grúpaí a fháil le haghaidh an phróisis reatha níorbh fhéidir grúpaí a fháil le haghaidh %s níorbh fhéidir comhthéacs slándála de %s a fháil theip ar luchtú an chomhaid %s Ní féidir %s a oscailt níorbh fhéidir an t-údar de %s a chaomhnú níorbh fhéidir an úinéireacht de %s a chaomhnú níorbh fhéidir ceadanna a chaomhnú ar %s níorbh fhéidir amanna a chaomhnú ar %s níorbh fhéidir an gnáth-ionchur earráide a athsheoladh theip ar %s a bhaint theip ar chomhadlann %s a bhaint níorbh fhéidir an comhthéacs réamhshocraithe cruthaithe comhad a athchóiriú níl aon fháil ar an chéad chomhadlann oibre theip ar chomhpháirt chomhthéacs slándála %s a shocrú mar %s níorbh fhéidir an comhthéacs réamhshocraithe cruthaithe comhad a shocrú go %s theip ar raon nua %s a shocrú theip ar ról nua %s a shocrú theip ar chineál nua %s a shocrú níorbh fhéidir úsáideoir nua %s a shocrú níorbh fhéidir an grúpa (nó na grúpaí) forlíontach a shocrú níorbh fhéidir an chóip den ghnáth-aschur earráide a dhúnadh i ndiaidh exec theip ar an gcomhthéacs slándála de %s a athrú go %s theip ar stat %s theip ar fdatasync i gcomhair %s theip ar fflush tá an uimhir réimse %s rómhór is nialas an uimhir réimse uimhrítear réimsí agus ionaid ó 1 fifo Tá an cineál %s roghnaithe agus fágtha as theip ar ghlao córais fork() ní cheadaítear teaghrán formáide agus teaghráin ar comhfhad á dtaispeáint theip ar fsync i gcomhair %s theip ar fts_read getpass: ní féidir /dev/tty a oscailt saintréithe nua de %s á bhfáil Tá an grúpa de %s fós %s
níl an fheidhm iconv ar fáil ní féidir an fheidhm iconv a úsáid id= ag déanamh neamhshuim ar gach argóint ag déanamh neamhshuim ar ionchur ag déanamh neamhshuim ar an ionchur agus an t-aschur á iarcheangal le %s ag déanamh neamhshuim ar an ionchur, agus an gnáth-aschur earráid á athdhíriú go dtí an gnáth-aschur tá an athróg thimpeallachta TABSIZE neamhbhailí: %s; ag ligean thar tá an athróg thimpeallachta QUOTING_STYLE neamhbhailí: %s; ag ligean thar tá an athróg thimpeallachta COLUMNS neamhbhailí: %s; ag ligean thar ag déanamh neamhshuim ar argóintí nach roghanna iad réimsí neamh-chomhoiriúnacha ceangail %lu, %lu táib éaguibhreannacha focal faire mícheart ionchur imithe tá an líne ionchurtha rófhada aistriú idir gléasanna teipthe: %s go %s; ní féidir an sprioc a scriosadh argóint neamhbhailí %s%s: `%s' coigeartú neamhbhailí %s argóint neamhbhailí %s argóint neamhbhailí %s chun %s stíl uimhrithe neamhbhailí don chorp: %s liosta bearta nó réimsí neamhbhailí carachtar neamhbhailí `%c' i dteaghrán cineáil %s aicme neamhbhailí charachtair %s comhthéacs neamhbhailí: %s tiontú neamhbhailí sonraitheoir tiontaithe neamhbhailí in iarmhír: %c sonraitheoir tiontaithe neamhbhailí in iarmhír: \%.3o dáta neamhbhailí %s formáid neamhbhailí ar an dáta: %s raon neamhbhailí laghdaitheach gléas neamhbhailí %s %s gléas neamhbhailí %s uimhir neamhbhailí réimse: %s sonraitheoir neamhbhailí réimse: %s leithead líne neamhbhailí: %s uimhir neamhbhailí chomhaid i sonraitheoir réimse: %s argóint neamhbhailí shnámhphointe: %s stíl uimhrithe neamhbhailí do bhuntáisc: %s beachtas neamhbhailí na formáide leithead neamhbhailí na formáide leithead neamhbhailí bearna: %s grúpa neamhbhailí grúpa neamhbhailí %s grúpa neamhbhailí: %s stíl uimhrithe neamhbhailí do cheanntásca: %s ionchur neamhbhailí bratach neamhbhailí ionchurtha raon neamhbhailí ionchurtha: %s slánuimhir neamhbhailí %s argóint neamhbhailí shlánuimhreach %s líon neamhbhailí línte %s disciplín neamhbhailí líne %s réimseleithead líne-uimhreach neamhbhailí: %s incrimint líne-uimhreach neamhbhailí: %s formáid líne-uimhreach neamhbhailí: %s leithead líne neamhbhailí: %s is neamhbhailí an phríomhuimhir ghléis %s doimhneacht uasta neamhbhailí %s is neamhbhailí an mhionuimhir ghléis %s mód neamhbhailí mód neamhbhailí %s mód neamhbhailí: %s uimhir neamhbhailí %s uimhir neamhbhailí i ndiaidh `,' uimhir neamhbhailí i ndiaidh `-' uimhir neamhbhailí i ndiaidh `.' uimhir neamhbhailí ag tús réimse líon na línte folmha neamhbhailí: %s líon neamhbhailí na mbeart is neamhbhailí líon na mbeart a chur i gcomparáid is neamhbhailí líon na mbeart le ligean thar líon neamhbhailí na gcolún: %s is neamhbhailí líon na réimsí le ligean thar líon na línte neamhbhailí líon na línte neamhbhailí: 0 rogha neamhbhailí -- %c rogha neamhbhailí -- %c; ní ghlactar le -LEITHEAD ach nuair atá sé an chéad
rogha; úsáid -w N ina háit bunuimhir neamhbhailí `%c' do sheoltaí aschuir; roghnaigh as [doxn] bratach neamhbhailí aschurtha beachtas neamhbhailí: %s raon neamhbhailí gan chríoch: - líon neamhbhailí na hathráite %s i gcomhstruchtúr [c*n] sonraíocht neamhbhailí líne-uimhir imeachta neamhbhailí: %s bratach neamhbhailí stádais iarmhír neamhbhailí in argóint %s%s: `%s' méid neamhbhailí táib: %s teimpléad neamhbhailí, %s, tá deighilteoir comhadlainne ann teimpléad neamhbhailí, %s; le --tmpdir, seans nach dearbhchonair atá ann tréimhse neamhbhailí %s formáid neamhbhailí ar an am: %s rogha neamhbhailí chun deiridh -- %c teaghrán neamhbhailí cineáil %s teaghrán neamhbhailí cineáil %s;
níl uimhreacha shnámhphointe le %lu beart le fáil ar an gcóras seo teaghrán neamhbhailí cineáil %s;
níl slánuimhreacha le %lu beart le fáil ar an gcóras seo tá an t-ainm carachtair uilíoch \%c%0*x neamhbhailí úsáideoir neamhbhailí úsáideoir neamhbhailí %s leithead neamhbhailí: %s méid neamhbhailí timfhillte: %s ainm neamhbhailí comhaid: folamh tá sé contúirteach oibriú go hathchúrsach ar %s tá sé contúirteach oibriú go hathchúrsach ar %s (is ionann agus %s é) déanach= tá `-' tosaigh i gcomhpháirt d'ainm comhaid %s sáraíodh an t-uasfhad %lu: fad %lu den ainm comhad %s sáraíodh an t-uasfhad %lu: fad %lu den chomhpháirt ainm comhaid %s is rómhór an rogha -%s%c... don áireamh línte líne-uimhir %s níos lú ná an líne-uimhir roimpi, %s líne-uimhir thar maoil cuimhne ídithe ciú teachtaireachta comhstruchtúr [:upper:] agus/nó [:lower:] mí-ailínithe sonraitheoir tiontaithe %% ar iarraidh in iarmhír `]' ar iarraidh argóint ar iarraidh i ndiaidh %s tá argóint de dhíth i ndiaidh na rogha %s tá ainm na haicme charachtair `[::]' ar iarraidh tá sonraitheoir tiontaithe ar iarraidh in iarmhír oibreann sprioc-chomhaid ar iarraidh i ndiaidh %s carachtar ar iarraidh in aicme choibhéise `[==]' oibreann comhaid ar iarraidh uimhir heicsidheachúlach ar iarraidh sa chód éalúcháin liosta réimsí ar iarraidh liosta ionad ar iarraidh oibreann ar iarraidh oibreann ar iarraidh i ndiaidh %s caithfidh an mód na giotáin cheada amháin a shonrú rinneadh athrú ar mhód %s go %04lo (%s)
coimeádadh an mód de %s mar %04lo (%s)
táb ilcharachtair %s sonraíodh roghanna -i iomadúla roghanna -l nó -t iomadúla sonraíodh cláir iomadúla chomhbhrúite ilraonta leibhéil aschomhaid iomadúla sonraíodh formáidí iomadúla aschurtha sonraíodh foinsí iomadúla randamacha il-rólanna sonraíodh sprioc-chomhadlanna iomadúla ilchineálacha ilúsáideoirí níor athraíodh nasc siombalach %s ná a thagrán
níl an athróg thimpeallachta SHELL ar fáil, agus ní thugtar rogha den chineál blaoisce níor athraíodh an t-úinéir de %s
níor sonraíodh ordú ar bith níor próiseáladh aon chórais chomhaid níl aon chomhad fágtha níl aon ainm logáilte isteach ann níor tugadh aitheantas próisis ar bith ní cheadaítear sonrú cineáil agus teaghráin á ndumpáil is gá ainm úsáideora amháin a thabhairt ar a laghad le -l carachtar neamhiompartha %s in ainm comhaid %s ní tty é ní scríobhfar trí nasc siombalach %s gan sprioc tá an uimhir i %s rómhór líon na mbeart líon na línte fritháireamh thar maoil agus comhad %s á léamh comhadlann %s á fágáil ar lár ní cheadaítear ach comhstruchtúr [c*] amháin i teaghrán2 ní cheadaítear ach gléas amháin a bheith ceaptha ní cheadaítear liostaí iomadúla theip ar oscailt %s á oscailt úsáideadh an rogha i gcomhthéacs neamhbhailí -- %c níl na roghanna `-%s' comhoiriúnach tá an t-úinéir de %s gan athrú
tá an t-úinéir de %s fós %s
leathanach róchúng ceadanna ar %s á gcaomhnú amanna á gcaomhnú le haghaidh %s Is gan chiall línte dúblacha AGUS líon na hathráite a thaispeáint tá na teorainneacha i `%s-%s' as ord earráid sa léamh theip ar léamh %s á léamh comhadlann %s á léamh tá an taifead rómhór gnáthchomhad folamh gnáthchomhad %s scriosta
scriosadh comhadlann %s
comhadlann %s á baint leibhéal feidhmithe séamafór ní cheadaítear deighilteoir folamh bratacha á socraithe le haghaidh %s ceadanna ar %s á socrú amanna de %s á socrú comhad comhchuimhne is rómhór skip-bytes + read-bytes ag gabháil thar %s, de bhrí go bhfuil sé ar ghléas difriúil ag gabháil thar an chomhad %s; bhí sé curtha as áit agus á chóipeáil soicéad gnáth-aschur earráide gnáth-ionchur tá an gnáth-ionchur dúnta gnáth-aschur stat() teipthe carachtar ar seachrán i sonrú réimse theip ar chomparáid idir teaghráin theip ar thiontú teaghráin chríochnaigh "strip" gan an chúis a mhíniú ní cheiltear línte gan teormharcóirí ach nuair
atáthar ag oibriú le réimsí nasc siombalach earráid chomhréire ní féidir méid táib nialasach tá carachta(i)r neamhbhailí sa mhéid táib: %s caithfidh na méideanna táib a bheith ardaitheach is rómhór an tábstop %s is rómhór an luach tábstoip táib rófhada ó chéile ní comhadlann é an sprioc-chomhad %s ní cheadaítear sprioc-chomhadlann agus comhadlann á suiteáil teirm= test agus/nó [ tá na roghanna --binary agus --text gan bhrí agus suimeanna seiceála á bhfíorú tá an rogha --status gan bhrí ach amháin nuair atáthar ag fíorú suimeanna seiceála tá an rogha --warn gan bhrí ach amháin nuair atáthar ag fíorú suimeanna seiceála ní cheadaítear [c*] i dteaghrán2 ach nuair atáthar ag aistriú ní cheadaítear an comhstruchtúr [c*] i teaghrán1 is gá an teormharcóir a bheith ina charachtar aonarach is comheisiatach iad na roghanna d'aschur foclach agus
d'aschur stty-inléite is comheisiatach iad na roghanna chun an bunachar sonraí dircolors a aschur
agus na roghanna chun comhréire blaoisce a roghnú ní cheadaítear na roghanna chun an t-am a thaispeáint agus shocrú le chéile is comheisiatach iad na roghanna chun dátaí a cheapadh le priontáil ní cheadaítear an rogha --strip agus comhadlann á suiteáil is as raon an t-am %s chun aitheantas úsáideora %s a úsáid, ní mór duit -g a úsáid freisin easpa Xanna i dteimpléad %s an iomarca sonraitheoirí tiontaithe %% in iarmhír an iomarca carachtar sa tacar an iomarca línte dúblacha an iomarca teimpléad iomlán comhad cuimhne le cineál ní féidir an chomhadlann oibre a thaifead ní féidir comhthéacs slándála %s a shocrú oibreoir dénártha anaithnid Aitheantas úsáideora anaithnid: %s tá an athróg thimpeallachta LS_COLORS neamhbhailí oibreann anaithnid %s réimír anaithnid: %s bain úsáid as --no-preserve-root chun na cosanta seo a shárú níl a leithéid d'úsáideoir %s ag baint úsáid as blaosc shrianta %s ag feitheamh le %s [-d] ag feitheamh le "strip" rabhadh: %s: ag déanamh neamhshuim ar charachtair i ndiaidh tairiseach carachtair rabhadh: %s: níorbh fhéidir an comhthéacs a athrú go %s rabhadh: níl --pid=PID ar fáil ar an gcóras seo rabhadh: níl --retry áisiúil ach amháin nuair a leantar de réir ainm rabhadh: rinneadh neamhshuim ar PID; níl --pid=PID tairbheach
mura bhfuiltear ag leanúint rabhadh: Tá `touch %s' i léig; bain úsáid as `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' rabhadh: cúlslais gan éalúchán ag deireadh an teaghráin agus ní inaistrithe é seo rabhadh: cúlslais ag deireadh na formáide rabhadh: ní féidir an chomhadlann oibre a athrú go %s rabhadh: ní féidir %s a scriosadh rabhadh: níl maith ar bith i lorg an ghnáth-ionchur gan teorainn ama rabhadh: ag déanamh neamhshuim ar argóintí breise, ó %s amach rabhadh: fritháireamh neamhbhailí i ndiaidh léamh teipthe rabhadh: leithead neamhbhailí %lu; bainfear úsáid as %d ina ionad rabhadh: is ionann líne-uimhir %s agus an líne-uimhir roimpi rabhadh: comhad foinse %s tugtha níos mó ná uair amháin rabhadh: tagann an coimriú agus --max-depth=%lu salach ar a chéile rabhadh: is ionann iad coimriú agus --max-depth=0 rabhadh: léirmhíneofar an t-éalúchán débhríoch ochtnártha \%c%c%c mar
an seicheamh dhá bheart: \0%c%c, %c rabhadh: éalúchán anaithnid `\%c' rabhadh: ag seachaint fabht eithne `lseek' don chomhad (%s)
de mt_type=0x%0lx -- féach ar le haghaidh liosta cineálacha comhad aisteach mura bhfuiltear ag teascadh tacar1, ní féidir teaghrán2 a bheith folamh ní cheadaítear comhad darbh ainm %s agus ainmneacha comhaid á léamh ón ghnáth-ionchur ní cheadaítear móid a shocrú agus an fhormáid aschurtha a cheapadh ní foláir do theaghrán2 na carachtair ar fad a mhapáil go carachtar singil
le linn aistrithe le haicme charachtair comhlánaithe ní cheadaítear aon aicme charachtair ach `upper' nó `lower' i dteaghrán2
le linn aistrithe ní chóipeálfar %s trí nasc siombalach %s a cruthaíodh anois beag ní chruthófar nasc crua %s go dtí comhadlann %s diúltaíodh forscríobh ar an chomhad nua %s le %s le --parents, caithfidh an sprioc-chomhad a bheith ina chomhadlann earráid sa scríobh earráid sa scríobh le haghaidh %s theip ar scríobh %s á scríobh á scríobh i %s caithfidh tú -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, nó comhthéacs a shonrú ní foláir duit liosta bearta, carachtair, nó réimsí a cheapadh PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks %s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % %+% taifead isteach
%+% taifead amach
% taifead teasctha
% thaifead teasctha
% thaifead teasctha
% dtaifead teasctha
% taifead teasctha
cóipeáladh % bheart (%s) cóipeáladh % bheart (%s) cóipeáladh % bheart (%s) cóipeáladh % mbeart (%s) cóipeáladh % beart (%s) fritháireamh rómhór: ní féidir teascadh go fad % (%lu beart) bloc %s: %: líne mhíchumtha le suim sheiceála %s RABHADH: ní féidir % as % comhaid a léamh RABHADH: ní féidir % as % comhaid a léamh RABHADH: ní féidir % as % comhaid a léamh RABHADH: ní féidir % as % comhaid a léamh RABHADH: ní féidir % as % comhaid a léamh RABHADH: ní ceart % as % shuim ríofa seiceála RABHADH: ní ceart % as % shuim ríofa seiceála RABHADH: ní ceart % as % shuim ríofa seiceála RABHADH: ní ceart % as % suim ríofa seiceála RABHADH: ní ceart % as % suim ríofa seiceála tá an uimhir leathanach tosaigh % níos mó ná líon na leathanach % Leathanach % usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000666271 15100215236 0015100 0 ustar 00 ^ 0 # F ] ] ] _ _ ` a G \b c d p Ye ! e f g w Si 5 j R l ~ Tm
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gh 1 h / h 7 i ( @i
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d "j Nj Uj j j j P @k D k - 3 k 7 4 zl l
( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
H. Peter Anvin IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils-6.12
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2008-06-10 11:39-0300
Last-Translator: Rodolfo Ribeiro Gomes
Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Generator: KBabel 1.11.4
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);
( EXPRESSÃO ) EXPRESSÃO é verdadeira
! EXPRESSÃO EXPRESSÃO é falsa
EXPRESSÃO1 -a EXPRESSÃO2 tanto EXPRESSÃO1 como EXPRESSÃO2 são verdadeiras
EXPRESSÃO1 -o EXPRESSÃO2 EXPRESSÃO1 ou EXPRESSÃO2 é(são) verdadeira(s)
-a, --all o mesmo que -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot horário da última iniciação do sistema
-d, --dead emite os processos mortos
-H, --heading emite a linha com cabeçalhos das colunas
-b ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é especial de tipo bloco
-c ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é especial de tipo caractere
-d ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é um diretório
-e ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe
-l produz uma saída de formatação longa sobre o(s) USUÁRIO(s)
-b omite o diretório pessoal do usuário e o shell em formatação
longa
-h omite o arquivo de projeto do usuário em formatação longa
-p omite o arquivo de plano do usuário em formatação longa
-s produz uma saída de formatação curta; este é o padrão
-n TEXTO o comprimento do TEXTO não é nulo
TEXTO equivalente a -n TEXTO
-z TEXTO o comprimento do TEXTO é nulo
TEXTO1 = TEXTO2 os textos são iguais
TEXTO1 != TEXTO2 os textos não são iguais
ARG1 * ARG2 multiplicação aritmética de ARG1 por ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 quociente da divisão aritmética de ARG1 por ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 resto da divisão aritmética de ARG1 por ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 soma aritmética de ARG1 com ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 ARG1 subtraído aritmeticamente de ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 é menor que ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 é menor ou igual a ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 é igual a ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 é diferente de ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 é maior ou igual a ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 é maior que ARG2
ARQUIVO1 -ef ARQUIVO2 ARQUIVO1 e ARQUIVO2 têm o mesmo número de dispositivo
e de inode
ARQUIVO1 -nt ARQUIVO2 ARQUIVO1 é mais recente (horário de modificação) que
ARQUIVO2
ARQUIVO1 -ot ARQUIVO2 ARQUIVO1 é mais antigo que ARQUIVO2
INTEIRO copia até o número da linha especificado, mas não a inclui
/EXPREG/[DESLOC] copia até a linha coincidente, mas não a inclui
%EXPREG%[DESLOC] ignora tudo antes da linha coincidente
{INTEIRO} repete o padrão anterior o número de vezes especificado.
{*} repete o padrão anterior tantas vezes quanto possível
O DESLOCamento de linhas, quando usado, deve utilizar um "+" ou "-" seguido de
um inteiro positivo.
INTEIRO1 -eq INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -ge INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é maior ou igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -gt INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é maior que INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -le INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é menor ou igual a INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -lt INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é menor que INTEIRO2
INTEIRO1 -ne INTEIRO2 INTEIRO1 é diferente de INTEIRO2
TEXTO : EXPREG ocorrência de padrão anconrado de EXPREG no TEXTO
match TEXTO EXPREG o mesmo que TEXTO : EXPREG
substr TEXTO POS TAMANHO subtexto do TEXTO, POS contado a partir do 1
index TEXTO CARACTERES índice no TEXTO onde quaisquer CARACTERES sejam
encontrados; ou 0
length TEXTO comprimento do TEXTO
a numera todas as linhas
t numera apenas as linhas não vazias
n não numera linha alguma
pBRE numera apenas as linhas que coincidam com a expressão regular
básica, BRE
FORMATO é um dos itens a seguir:
ln justificação à esquerda, sem zeros iniciais
rn justificação à direita, sem zeros iniciais
rz justificação à direita, com zeros iniciais
b cria um arquivo especial de tipo bloco ("buffered")
c, u cria um arquivo especial de tipo caractere (não "buffered")
p cria uma "FIFO"
# usuários=%lu
Um campo é uma seqüência de espaços-brancos (normalmente espaços e/ou
tabulações) seguidos por caracteres que não sejam espaços-brancos.
Os campos são ignorados antes de caracteres.
Um programa "finger" mais leve; emite as informações do usuário.
O arquivo utmp será %s.
Um mero - implica em -i. Se não houver COMANDO, exibe o ambiente resultante.
Um mero - implica em -l. Se USUÁRIO não for especificado, assume-se root.
Depois de qualquer sinalizador pode haver uma largura de campo opcional,
como um número decimal; então, um modificador também opcional, que pode ser
E para usar as representações alternativas da localidade, se disponível, ou
O para usar os símbolos númericos alternativos da localidade, se disponível.
Uma EXPRESSÃO omitida resulta em falso. Nos demais casos,
EXPRESSÃO é verdadeira ou falsa e configura o estado de saída.
Assume uma das formas a seguir:
Como caso especial, cp faz uma cópia de segurança da ORIGEM quando as
opções force e backup são fornecidas e ORIGEM e DESTINO são iguais ao nome
de um arquivo comum já existente.
Note que muitos operadores precisam ser "escapados" ou postos entre aspas
para shells.Comparações são aritméticas se ambos os ARGumentos forem números; de outra
forma, serão lexicográficas.
A ocorrência de padrões retorna o texto coincidente entre \( e \) ou nulo;
se \( e \) não forem usados, elas retornarão o número de caracteres
coincidentes ou 0.
Tanto MAIOR quanto MENOR devem ser especificados se TIPO for b, c ou u; eles
devem ser omitidos se TIPO for p. Se MAIOR ou MENOR começar com 0x ou 0X, é
interpretado como hexadecimal; caso contrário, se começar com 0, como octal;
em caso contrário, como decimal.
TIPO pode ser:
Por padrão, rm não remove diretórios. Use a opção --recursive (-r ou -R)
para remover também cada diretório listado, junto com todo seu conteúdo.
Por padrão, seleciona -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn.
CC são dois caracteres delimitadores para separar as páginas lógicas;
a ausência de um segundo caractere implica em :. Digite \\ para \.
ESTILO é um dos itens:
Configurações de combinação:
* [-]LCASE o mesmo que [-]lcase
cbreak o mesmo que -icanon
-cbreak o mesmo que icanon
Configurações de controle:
[-]clocal desativa os sinais de controle do modem
[-]cread permite os dados de entrada serem recebidos
* [-]crtscts permite negociação RTS/CTS
csN define o tamanho do caractere para N bits, N em [5..8]
Cada SINALIZador pode ser:
append modo anexar (só faz sentido para saída; sugere-se conv=notrunc)
Cada MODO é da forma "[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+".
Exemplos:
%s /usr/bin/sort Exibe "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Exibe "stdio".
Exemplos:
%s /usr/bin/sort Emite "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Emite ".".
Exemplos:
%s f - g Emite o conteúdo de f, depois a entrada padrão, e o conteúdo de g
por fim.
%s Copia a entrada padrão para a saída padrão.
Exemplo:
%s root /u Altera o dono de /u para "root".
%s root:equipe /u Idem, mas também altera seu grupo para "equipe".
%s -hR root /u Altera o dono de /u e seus arquivos para "root".
Exemplos:
%s equipe /u Muda o grupo de /u para "equipe".
%s -hR equipe /u Muda o grupo de /u e seus arquivos para "equipe".
Excetuando-se -h e -L, todos os testes relativo a ARQUIVOs interpretam as
ligações simbólicas.
Lembre-se que os parênteses têm que ser "escapados" (por exemplo, usando
barras invertidas) antes, para serem passados para shells.
INTEIRO pode também ser -l TEXTO, que avalia o comprimento de TEXTO.
O estado de saída é 0 se a EXPRESSÃO não for nula nem 0. Será 1 se EXPRESSÃO
for nula ou 0; será 2 se EXPRESSÃO for sintaticamente inválida; e será 3 se
um erro ocorreu.
Manipula a linha tty ligada à entrada padrão. Sem argumentos, emite a taxa de
símbolos em baud, a disciplina da linha e as modificações em relação ao "stty
sane". Nas configurações, CARAC é um caractere aceito literalmente ou
codificado como em ^c, 0x37, 0177 ou 127; valores especiais ^- ou "undef"
(indefinido) são utilizados para desabilitar caracteres especiais.
Se ARQUIVO for -, realiza a formatação física da saída padrão.
Exclui ARQUIVO(s) se --remove (-u) for especificado. O padrão é não remover os
arquivos, porque é comum operar em dispositivos como /dev/hda, e esse tipo de
arquivo não deveria normalmente ser removido. Ao operar em arquivos comuns,
a maioria das pessoas usam a opção --remove.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado, usa %s. É costume usar %s como ARQUIVO.
Se ARG1 ARG2 forem fornecidos, presume-se -m. Valores comuns para eles são:
"am i" ("sou eu") ou "mom likes" ("mamãe gosta").
Se ARQUIVO é especificado, o lê para determinar quais cores usar para que tipo
de arquivo e extensão. Senão, uma base de dados pré-compilada é usada.
Para detalhes sobre o formato destes arquivos, execute
"dircolors --print-database".
Se são omitidos PRIMEIRO ou INCREMENTO, eles são tratados como 1. Isto vale
mesmo se ÚLTIMO for menor que PRIMEIRO: o INCREMENTO omitido é assumido 1.
PRIMEIRO, INCREMENTO e ÚLTIMO são interpretados como valores em ponto
flutuante.
INCREMENTO normalmente é positivo se PRIMEIRO for menor que ÚLTIMO, e
negativo caso contrário.
Se ARQUIVO for -, copia novamente para a saída padrão.
Se tanto o primeiro como o segundo formato de chamada se aplicarem, o segundo
é assumido se o último operando começar com + ou (se houverem 2 operandos) com
um dígito.
Um operando DESLOCAMENTO significa o mesmo que -j DESLOCAMENTO. RÓTULO é um
pseudo-endereço do primeiro byte emitido, incrementado à medida que progride
o despejo de bytes.
Para DESLOCAMENTO e RÓTULO, um prefixo 0x ou 0X indica um numeral hexadecimal;
sufixos possíveis são . para octal e b para multiplicação por 512.
Se nenhum COMANDO for dado, executa "`${SHELL} -i'" (padrão: /bin/sh).
Se a entrada padrão for um terminal, a redireciona para /dev/null.
Se a saída padrão for um terminal, anexa a saída a "nohup.out" se possível,
ou a "$HOME/nohup.out" em caso contrário.
Se o erro padrão for um terminal, o redireciona à saída padrão.
Para salvar a saída em ARQUIVO, use "%s COMANDO > ARQUIVO".
Configurações da entrada:
[-]brkint "break" causa um sinal de interrupção
[-]icrnl traduz retorno de carro como nova-linha
[-]ignbrk ignora caracteres "break"
[-]igncr ignora retorno de carro
Configurações locais:
[-]crterase ecoa caracteres de apagar como backspace-espaço-backspace
* crtkill mata todas as linhas obedecendo as configurações de echoprt e
echoe
* -crtkill mata todas as linhas obedecendo as configurações de echoctl e
echok
NOTA: [ honra as opções --help e --version, mas "test" não.
"test" trata cada uma delas como trataria qualquer outro TEXTO não nulo.
NOTA: seu shell pode ter sua própria versão de %s, o que pode tornar
obsoleta a versão descrita aqui. Por favor, informe-se na documentação do seu
shell sobre a que opções ele oferece suporte.
Note que as opções -d e -t aceitam formatos diferentes de data e hora.
O uso opcional de um - antes de CONFIGURAÇÃO indica negação. Um "*" marca
configurações não-POSIX. O sistema sobre o qual o stty é executado determina
quais são as características disponíveis.
Configurações de saída:
* bsN estilo do atraso do backspace, N em [0..1]
* crN estilo do atraso do retorno de carro, N em [0..3]
* ffN estilo do atraso do caractere de nova-página, N em [0..1]
* nlN estilo do atraso do caractere de nova-linha, N em [0..1]
O dono, caso não informado, permanece inalterado. O grupo também não é
alterado se não for informado, mas mudará para o grupo de login se deixado
implícito por ":" após um DONO simbólico.
DONO e GRUPO podem ser numéricos bem como simbólicos.
POS é da forma C[.P][OPÇÕES], onde C é o número do campo, e P a posição do
caractere no campo, ambos contados a partir de 1. Se -t nem -b está ativa,
os caracteres em um campo são contados a partir do início do espaço branco
precedente.
OPÇÕES se compõem de uma ou mais opções (de uma letra) de ordenação, as quais
substituem as opções globais de ordenação para aquela chave. Se nenhuma chave
for fornecida, usa a linha inteira como chave.
TAMANHO pode ser seguido pelos seguintes sufixos multiplicadores:
Emite o valor de EXPRESSÃO para a saída padrão. Uma linha em branco abaixo
separa os grupos em ordem crescente de precedência. EXPRESSÃO pode ser:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 se não for nulo ou 0; ARG2, em caso contrário
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 se nenhum dos argumentos for nulo ou 0; senão, 0
Lê a entrada padrão se ARQUIVO for -. Cada PADRÃO pode ser:
CONJUNTOs são especificados como cadeias de caracteres. A maioria representa
eles mesmos.
As seqüências interpretadas são:
\NNN caractere com valor octal NNN (1 a 3 dígitos em octal)
\\ barra invertida
\a sino (BEL) audível
\b backspace
\f nova-página ("form feed")
\n nova-linha
\r retorno ("enter")
\t tabulação horizontal
TAM é um número. Se TIPO é um dos "doux", TAM pode ser C para sizeof(char),
S para sizeof(short), I para sizeof(int), ou L para sizeof(long). Se TIPO for
f, TAM também pode ser F para sizeof(float), D para sizeof(double) ou L para
sizeof(long double). O termo sizeof() refere-se a uma função da linguagem de
programação C que indica o número de bytes para o tipo de variável.
Enviar um sinal %s para o processo "dd" em execução faz ele emitir as
estatísticas de E/S para a saída de erro padrão e depois retomar a cópia.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 registros de entrada
18335302+0 registros de saída
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copiados, 34.6279 s, 271 MB/s
As opções são:
Caracteres especiais:
* dsusp CARAC CARAC enviará um sinal de parada de terminal assim que a
entrada for descarregada
eof CARAC CARAC enviará um fim-de-arquivo (termina a entrada)
eol CARAC CARAC terminará a linha
TIPO é constituído de uma ou mais destas especificações:
a caractere com nome, ignorando o bit mais significativo
c caractere ASCII ou escape por barra invertida
O sufixo de cópia de segurança é "~", a não ser que esteja definido --suffix
ou SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. O método de controle de versão pode ser definido com
--backup ou a variável de ambiente VERSION_CONTROL. Os valores possíveis são:
Os dados são codificados como descrito para o alfabeto base64 na RFC 3548.
Na decodificação, a entrada pode conter caracteres de nova linha além dos
bytes do alfabeto base64 formal. Use --ignore-garbage para tentar se
recuperar de quaisquer outros bytes fora do alfabeto no fluxo codificado.
As somas são calculadas como descrito em %s. Ao conferir, recomenda-se que
o arquivo de entrada tenha sido gerado por este mesmo programa. O modo padrão
é exibir uma linha para cada ARQUIVO com a soma de verificação, um caractere
indicando o tipo ("*" para binário, " "para texto) e o nome do arquivo.
As seqüências válidas de formatação para arquivos (sem --file-system):
%a Permissões de acesso em octal
%A Permissões de acesso em forma inteligível por humanos
%b Quantidade de blocos alocados (veja %B)
%B O tamanho em bytes de cada bloco relatado por %b
%C Texto de contexto de segurança SELinux
Para remover um arquivo cujo nome começa com "-" (por exemplo, "-foo"),
use um dos seguintes comandos:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
As especificações tradicionais de formatação podem ser misturadas; elas
acumulam:
-a o mesmo que -t a, seleciona caracteres com nome, ignorando o bit mais
significativo
-b o mesmo que -t o1, seleciona bytes em octal
-c o mesmo que -t c, seleciona caracteres ASCII ou escapes por barra
invertida
-d o mesmo que -t u2, seleciona decimais sem sinal de 2-bytes
Use uma, e somente uma, das opções -b, -c ou -f. Cada LISTA é feita de um
intervalo ou vários intervalos separados por vírgulas. A entrada selecionada
é escrita na mesma ordem que é lida, e é escrita uma única vez.
Se ARQUIVO não for fornecido ou se for -, lê a entrada padrão.
"-F /" por padrão.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Sem opções, produz uma saída de três colunas. A primeira coluna contém as
linhas únicas para ARQUIVO1, a coluna dois contém as linhas únicas para
ARQUIVO2; a terceira coluna contém as linhas comuns a ambos os arquivos.
Sem OPÇÃO alguma, exibe um conjunto útil de informações de identificação.
Escreve uma representação sem ambigüidade, em bytes octal por padrão,
de ARQUIVO para a saída padrão. Com mais de um argumento ARQUIVO,
concatena-os na ordem listada para formar a entrada.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
--backup[=CONTROLE] cria uma cópia de segurança de cada arquivo de
destino já existente
-b como --backup, mas não aceita argumentos
-d, -F, --directory permite ao super-usuário tentar ligar diretórios
de forma absoluta (nota: poderá falhar devido
a restrições do sistema, mesmo para o
super-usuário)
-f, --force remove arquivos de destino existentes
--group-directories-first
lista os diretórios antes de listar os arquivos.
permite usar a opção --sort, mas o uso de
--sort=none (-U) desabilita o agrupamento de
diretórios
--help mostra esta ajuda e finaliza
--indicator-style=PALAVRA anexa o indicador de tipo no estilo PALAVRA
para os nomes das entradas:
"none" (nenhum, padrão), "slash" (-p),
"file-type" (--file-type), "classify" (-F)
-i, --inode emite o número de índice de cada arquivo
-I, --ignore=PADRÃO não lista as entradas implícitas que coincidam
com o PADRÃO (em sintaxe shell)
-k o mesmo que --block-size=1K
--lookup tenta pôr em forma canônica os nomes de máquina via DNS
-m só o nome de máquina e usuário associado à entrada padrão
-p, --process mostra os processos ativos criados por "init"
--no-preserve-root não trata "/" de forma especial
--preserve-root não remove "/" (padrão)
-r, -R, --recursive remove diretórios e seus conteúdos recursivamente
-v, --verbose explica o que está sendo feito
--no-preserve-root não tratar "/" de forma diferenciada (o padrão)
--preserve-root falha ao operar recursivamente em "/"
--no-preserve-root não tratar "/" de forma diferenciada (o padrão)
--preserve-root falha ao operar recursivamente em "/"
--no-preserve=LST_ATRIB não preserva os atributos especificados
--parents usa o nome completo do arquivo fonte sob
DIRETÓRIO
--one-file-system ao remover uma hierarquia recursivamente, ignora
qualquer diretório que esteja em um sistema de
arquivo diferente daquele do respectivo argumento
da linha de comando
--preserve-context preserva o contexto de segurança SELinux
-Z, --context=CONTEXTO define o contexto de segurança SELinux dos arquivos
e diretórios
--reference=ARQR usa o contexto de segurança de ARQR em vez de
especificar um valor para CONTEXTO
-R, --recursive opera em arquivos e diretórios recursivamente
-v, --verbose emite um diagnóstico para cada arquivo processado
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC emite a data e hora no formato da RFC 3339.
TIMESPEC="date", "seconds" ou "ns" para
escolher a precisão.
Os componentes data e hora são separados por
um único espaço: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=TEXTO ajusta a hora para a descrita por TEXTO
-u, --utc, --universal emite ou ajusta a Hora Universal Coordenada
--strip-trailing-slashes remove quaisquer barras ao final de cada
argumento origem
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefine o sufixo costumeiro de cópia de
segurança
--time mostra a hora da última modificação de todos os
arquivos no diretório ou quaisquer uns de seus
subdiretórios
--time=PALAVRA mostra a hora como PALAVRA, em vez de a hora da última
modificação:
"atime", "access", "use", "ctime" ou "status"
--time-style=ESTILO mostra a hora usando o ESTILO:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMATO
FORMATO é interpretado como em "date"
--time-style=ESTILO com -l, emite os horários usando o estilo ESTILO:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMATO.
FORMATO é interpretado como em "date"; se for
FORMATO1FORMATO2, FORMATO1 se aplica a
arquivos não recentes, e FORMATO2 aos recentes;
se ESTILO tem como prefixo "posix-", ESTILO
só faz efeito fora da localidade POSIX
--verbose mostra um diagnóstico logo antes de abrir cada
arquivo de saída
--version informa a versão e finaliza
-evenp o mesmo que -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase o mesmo que xcase iuclc olcuc
litout o mesmo que -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout o mesmo que parenb istrip opost cs7
nl o mesmo que -icrnl -onlcr
-nl o mesmo que icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb usa dois bits de parada por caractere (um com "-")
[-]hup envia um sinal de desligar quando o último processo fechar
o tty
[-]hupcl o mesmo que [-]hup
[-]parenb gera um bit de paridade na saída e espera um bit de paridade
na entrada
[-]parodd define a paridade como ímpar (par com "-")
[-]ignpar ignora caractere com erros de paridade
* [-]imaxbel emite um sinal sonoro e não descarrega um "buffer" de
entrada cheio em um caractere
[-]inlcr tranduz nova-linha por retorno de carro
[-]inpck habilita a verificação de paridade da entrada
[-]istrip zera o bit mais significativo (8) dos caracteres de entrada
[-]isig habilita os caracteres especiais de interrupção, saída
("quit") e suspensão
[-]noflsh desabilita descarga ("flush") após caracteres de interrupção
e saída ("quit")
* [-]prterase o mesmo que [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop cessa trabalhos em plano de fundo que tentam escrever no
terminal
* [-]xcase com icanon, escapa com "\" caracteres em maiúsculas
cooked o mesmo que os caracteres brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon
opost isig icanon, eof e eol para seus valores padrão
-cooked o mesmo que raw
crt o mesmo que echoe echoctl echoke
dec o mesmo que echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq o mesmo que [-]ixany
ek caracteres "erase" e "kill" nos seus valores padrão
evenp o mesmo que parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N configura a velocidade de entrada para N bauds
* line N usa a disciplina de linha N
min N com -icanon, define o mínimo de N caracteres para uma leitura
completa
ospeed N configura a velocidade de saída para N bauds
oddp o mesmo que parenb parodd cs7
-oddp o mesmo que -parenb cs8
[-]parity o mesmo que [-]evenp
pass8 o mesmo que -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 o mesmo que parenb istrip cs7
raw o mesmo que -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw o mesmo que "cooked"
stop CARAC CARAC irá parar a saída
susp CARAC CARAC enviará um sinal de parada de terminal
* swtch CARAC CARAC trocará para uma camada diferente de shell
* werase CARAC CARAC apagará a última palavra digitada
%% um único %
%b ARGUMENTO como um texto com escapes por "\" interpretados,
exceto os escapes de octal que são na forma \0 ou \0NNN
e todas as especificações de formatação C terminando com um dos diouxXfeEgGcs,
com ARGUMENTOs convertidos para o tipo apropriado primeiro. Larguras variáveis
também são tratadas.
%A nome completo do dia de semana na localidade (por exemplo, Sábado)
%b nome abreviado do mês na localidade (por exemplo, Jan)
%B nome completo do mês na localidade (por exemplo, Janeiro)
%c data e hora na localidade (por exemplo, Sáb 08 Mar 2008 18:34:17 BRT)
%F data completa; o mesmo que %Y-%m-%d
%g os últimos dois dígitos do ano do número ISO da semana (veja %G)
%G ano do número ISO da semana ISO (veja %V); normalmente útil só com %V
%S segundo (00..60)
%t uma tabulação
%T as horas; o mesmo que %H:%M:%S
%u dia da semana (1..7); 1 é segunda-feira
%U número da semana no ano, sendo domingo o início da semana (00..53)
%V número ISO da semana, sendo segunda-feira o início da semana (01..53)
%w dia da semana (0..6); 0 é domingo
%W número da semana no ano, sendo segunda-feira o início da semana (00..53)
%d Número de dispositivo em decimal
%D Número de dispositivo em hexadecimal
%f Modo bruto em hexadecimal
%F Tipo de arquivo
%g ID de grupo do dono
%G Nome de grupo do dono
%h Quantidade de ligações absolutas
%i Número do inode
%n Nome do arquivo
%N Nome do arquivo entre aspas; se for ligação simbólica, a interpreta
%o Tamanho do bloco de E/S
%s Tamanho total, em bytes
%t Tipo maior de dispositivo em hexadecimal
%T Tipo menor de dispositivo em hexadecimal
%h o mesmo que %b
%H hora (00..23)
%I hora (01..12)
%j dia do ano (001..366)
%i ID de Sistema de Arquivo em hexadecimal
%l Máximo comprimento de nome de arquivo
%n Nome de arquivo
%s Tamanho de bloco (para transferências mais rápidas)
%S Tamanho fundamental de bloco (para contagem de blocos)
%t Tipo em hexadecimal
%T Tipo em forma inteligível por humanos
%k hora ( 0..23)
%l hora ( 1..12)
%m mês (01..12)
%M minuto (00..59)
%n um caractere de nova-linha
%N nanosegundos (000000000..999999999)
%p o equivalente na localidade para AM ou PM; em branco se desconhecido
%P como %p, mas em minúsculas
%r a hora no relógio de 12 horas na localidade (por exemplo, 11:11:04 PM)
%R hora e minuto no estilo 24 horas; o mesmo que %H:%M
%s segundos desde 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u ID de usuário do dono
%U Nome de usuário do dono
%x Horário do último acesso
%X Horário do último acesso em segundos desde Epoch
%y Horário da última modificação
%Y Horário da última modificação em segundos desde Epoch
%z Horário da última alteração do estado
%Z Horário da última alteração do estado em segundos desde Epoch
%x representação da data na localidade (por exemplo, 31/12/99)
%X representação da hora na localidade (por exemplo, 23:13:48)
%y os últimos dois dígitos do ano (00..99)
%Y ano
%z fuso horário numérico +hhmm (por exemplo, -0300)
%:z fuso horário numérico +hh:mm (por exemplo, -03:00)
%::z fuso horário numérico +hh:mm:ss (por exemplo, -03:00:00)
%:::z fuso horário numérico com : para a precisão necessária (por exemplo,
-04, +05:30)
%Z abreviação alfabética do fuso horário (por exemplo, BRT)
Por padrão, campos númericos de data são preenchidos com zeros a esquerda.
+ TERMO interpreta TERMO como um texto, mesmo se for uma
palavra-chave como "match" ou um operador
como "/"
( EXPRESSÃO ) valor de EXPRESSÃO
-A, --address-radix=BASE decide como o deslocamento do arquivo é exibido
-j, --skip-bytes=QTD pula os primeiros QTD bytes de entrada
-A, --auto-reference emite as referências geradas automaticamente
-G, --traditional comporta-se mais como o "ptx" do System V
-F, --flag-truncation=TEXTO usa TEXTO para sinalizar truncamento de linha
-B, --block-size=TAM usa blocos de TAM bytes
-b, --bytes equivalente a "--apparent-size --block-size=1"
-c, --total gera um total geral
-D, --dereference-args interpreta apenas as ligações simbólicas listadas
na linha de comando
-D cria todos os componentes iniciais de DESTINO, exceto o
último; e então, copia ORIGEM para DESTINO
-g, --group=GRUPO define o grupo, em vez de usar o grupo do processo atual
-m, --mode=MODO define as permissões (como em chmod), em vez de rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=DONO define o dono (somente para super-usuário)
-D, --date-format=FORMATO
usa FORMATO para a data no cabeçalho
-e[CARACTERE[LARGURA]], --expand-tabs[=CARACTERE[LARGURA]]
expande os CARACTEREs de entrada (TABs) para a LARGURA
de tabulação (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
usa caractere de nova-página (form feed) em vez de um de
nova-linha para separar páginas (por um cabeçalho de 3
linhas com -F ou por cabeçalho e rodapé de 5 linhas sem
-F)
-G, --no-group em lista longa (-l), não emite os nomes de grupo
-h, --human-readable com -l, emite os tamanhos em formato inteligível
para humanos (por exemplo, 1K 234M 2G)
--si similar, mas usa potências de 1000, e não de 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
segue as ligações simbólicas listadas na linha de
comando
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
segue toda ligação simbólica da linha de comando
que apontar para um diretório
--hide=PADRÃO não lista entradas implícitas que coincidam com o
PADRÃO em sintaxe shell (ignorado quando se usa
-a ou -A)
-I questiona uma vez antes de remover mais que três
arquivos ou ao remover recursivamente.
Menos intrusivo que -i, mas ainda oferecendo alguma
proteção contra a maioria das confusões
--interactive[=QUANDO] questiona conforme QUANDO: never (nunca),
once (-I) (uma vez), ou always (-i) (sempre).
Sem QUANDO, questiona sempre
-L ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é uma ligação simbólica (o mesmo que -h)
-O ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem como dono a ID de usuário efetivo
-p ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é um arquivo de pipe ("named pipe")
-r ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem permissão de leitura
-s ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e seu tamanho é maior que zero
-L, --dereference interpreta todas as ligações simbólicas
-P, --no-dereference não segue ligação simbólica (este é o padrão)
-0, --null termina cada linha de saída com o byte 0, em vez de
um caractere de nova-linha
-S, --separate-dirs não inclui o tamanho de subdiretórios
-s, --summarize mostra somente um total para cada argumento
-M, --macro-name=TEXTO nome de macro para usar em vez de "xx"
-O, --format=roff gera saída como diretivas roff
-R, --right-side-refs põe referências à direita, não contadas em -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=EXPREG para fim de linhas ou de sentenças
-T, --format=tex gera saída como diretivas TeX
-N, --read-bytes=QTD limita a emitir até QTD bytes de entrada
-S, --strings[=QTD] emite textos de pelo menos QTD bytes de
caracteres gráficos
-t, --format=TIPO seleciona o(s) formato(s) de saída
-v, --output-duplicates não usa * para identificar supressão de linha
-w, --width[=QTD] emite QTD bytes por linha de saída
--traditional aceita argumentos na forma tradicional
-P, --portability usa o formato de saída POSIX
--sync invoca "sync" antes de obter informações de uso
-t, --type=TIPO limita a listagem a sistemas de arquivo de tipo TIPO
-T, --print-type emite o tipo de sistema de arquivo
-x, --exclude-type=TIPO limita a listagem a sistemas de arquivo que não
sejam do tipo TIPO
-v (sem efeito)
-S ordena por tamanho de arquivo
--sort=PALAVRA ordena por PALAVRA em vez de pelo nome: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
(nenhum, extensão, tamanho, hora, versão)
--time=PALAVRA com -l, mostra a hora como PALAVRA em vez do
horário de modificação:
atime -u, access -u, use -u: último acesso,
ctime -c, status -c: última modificação;
usa o horário especificado como chave de
ordenação se --sort=time
-S ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é um soquete
-t FD o descritor de arquivo FD está aberto em um terminal
-u ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem definido o bit de set-user-ID
-w ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem permissão de escrita
-x ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem permissão de execução (ou busca)
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefine o sufixo normal de cópia de segurança
-t, --target-directory=DIRETÓRIO especifica o DIRETÓRIO onde criar as
ligações
-T, --no-target-directory trata NOME_LIGAÇÃO como arquivo normal
-v, --verbose emite o nome de cada arquivo ligado
-T, -w, --mesg adiciona o estado de mensagem do usuário como +, - ou ?
-u, --users lista os usuários conectados
--message o mesmo que -T
--writable o mesmo que -T
-W, --word-regexp=EXPREG usa EXPREG para buscar cada palavra-chave
-b, --break-file=ARQUIVO caracteres de quebra de palavra neste ARQUIVO
-f, --ignore-case muda para maiúsculas para ordenar
-g, --gap-size=NÚMERO tamanho do espaçamento nas colunas entre os
campos de saída
-i, --ignore-file=ARQUIVO lê a lista de palavras ignoradas do ARQUIVO
-o, --only-file=ARQUIVO lê somente a lista de palavras deste ARQUIVO
-Z, --context=CTX define o contexto de segurança SELinux de NOME como CTX
-Z, --context=CTX define o contexto de segurança SELinux de cada NOME
como CTX
-a, --across imprime as colunas transversalmente ao invés de
verticalmente; usada junto com -COLUNA
-c, --show-control-chars
usa a notação de circunflexo (^G) e de octal com barra
invertida
-d, --double-space
espaço duplo na saída
-a, --all escreve as contagens para todos os arquivos, e não
apenas para diretórios
--apparent-size emite os tamanhos aparentes, em vez do uso em disco;
embora o tamanho aparente seja normalmente menor,
ele pode ser maior devido a buracos nos arquivos
esparsos, fragmentação interna, blocos indiretos
e outros afins
-a, --all converte todos os espaços brancos, não só os iniciais
--first-only converte somente a seqüência inicial de espaços brancos
(cancela -a)
-t, --tabs=NÚMERO usa NÚMERO espaços em cada tabulação, em vez de 8
(habilita -a)
-t, --tabs=LISTA usa a LISTA (separadas por vírgulas) de posições de
tabulação (habilita -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N usa sufixos de comprimento N (padrão: %d)
-b, --bytes=BYTES escreve BYTES bytes em cada arquivo de saída
-C, --line-bytes=BYTES escreve no máximo BYTES bytes por arquivo de saída
-d, --numeric-suffixes usa sufixos numéricos em vez de alfabéticos
-l, --lines=NÚMERO escreve NÚMERO linhas em cada arquivo de saída
-b, --before coloca o separador antes de cada linha, em vez de
colocar depois
-r, --regex interpreta o separador como uma expressão regular
-s, --separator=TEXTO usa TEXTO como separador, em vez do caractere de
"nova-linha"
-b, --binary lê em modo binário
-b, --binary lê em modo binário (padrão se não for ler da entrada
padrão do tty)
-b, --body-numbering=ESTILO usa ESTILO para numeração das linhas do
corpo do arquivo
-d, --section-delimiter=CC usa CC para separação de páginas lógicas
-f, --footer-numbering=ESTILO usa ESTILO para numeração das linhas de
rodapé
-b, --bytes conta os bytes em vez de as colunas
-s, --spaces quebra com espaços
-w, --width=LARGURA usa LARGURA colunas em vez de 80
-b, --bytes=LISTA seleciona apenas estes bytes
-c, --characters=LISTA seleciona apenas estes caracteres
-d, --delimiter=DELIM usa DELIM em vez de TAB como delimitador de campo
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignora espaços-brancos iniciais
-d, --dictionary-order considera apenas espaços-brancos e caracteres
alfanuméricos
-f, --ignore-case ignora diferença entre maiúsculas e minúsculas
-b, --suffix-format=FORMATO usa como sufixo o FORMATO de sprintf em vez de
%02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIXO usa PREFIXO em vez de "xx"
-k, --keep-files não remove arquivo de saída mesmo caso haja erros
-c, --check lê as somas %s dos ARQUIVOs e as confere
-c, --count prefixa as linhas com a quantidade de ocorrências
-d, --repeated só emite as linhas duplicadas (um exemplar de cada)
-c, --crown-margin mantém o recuo nas duas primeiras linhas
-p, --prefix=TEXTO reformata somente as linhas que comecem com TEXTO,
reanexando o prefixo às linhas reformatadas
-s, --split-only divide as linhas longas, mas não liga à próxima
-d, --delimiters=LISTA reutiliza caracteres da LISTA em vez de tabulações
-s, --serial cola um arquivo por vez em de todos em paralelo
-e habilita a interpretação de escape por barra invertida
(padrão)
-E desabilita a interpretação de escape por barra invertida
-f não ordena, habilita -aU, desabilita -ls --color
-F, --classify anexa indicador (um dos */=>@|) às entradas
--file-type similar, exceto que não anexa "*"
--format=PALAVRA "across" (-x), "commas" (-m), "horizontal" (-x),
"long" (-l), "single-column" (-1),
"verbose" (-l), "vertical" (-C)
--full-time o mesmo que -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omite a linha de cabeçalho das colunas em formatação curta
-w omite o nome completo de usuário em formatação curta
-i omite o nome completo de usuário e a máquina remota em
formatação curta
-q omite o nome completo de usuário, a máquina remota e o tempo
ocioso em formatação curta
-f o mesmo que -t fF, seleciona números reais (ponto flutuante)
-i o mesmo que -t dI, seleciona inteiros na base decimal
-l o mesmo que -t dL, seleciona inteiros longos na base decimal
-o o mesmo que -t o2, seleciona números em octal de 2 bytes
-s o mesmo que -t d2, seleciona números em decimal de 2 bytes
-x o mesmo que -t x2, seleciona números em hexadecimal de 2 bytes
-f ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é um arquivo comum
-g ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é set-group-ID (ajusta ID de grupo na execução)
-G ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem como dono uma ID de grupo efetivo
-h ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e é uma ligação simbólica (o mesmo que -L)
-k ARQUIVO ARQUIVO existe e tem definido o bit de aderência ("sticky")
-f, --canonicalize coloca na forma canônica interpretando toda
ligação simbólica em cada componente do nome
fornecido recursivamente;
todos, exceto o último componente, devem
existir
-e, --canonicalize-existing coloca na forma canônica interpretando toda
ligação simbólica em cada componente do nome
fornecido recursivamente;
todos os componentes devem existir
-f, --fields=LISTA seleciona somente estes campos; também emite qualquer
linha que não contenha o caractere delimitador, a
menos que a opção -s esteja especificada
-n (sem efeito)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
emite os dados anexados ao arquivo à medida que ele
cresce;
-f, --follow e --follow=descriptor são opções
equivalentes
-F o mesmo que --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suprime a maioria das mensagens de erro
-v, --verbose mostra um diagnóstico para cada arquivo processado
--reference=ARQREF usa o mesmo modo do arquivo ARQREF em vez dos
valores MODO
-R, --recursive altera arquivos e diretórios recursivamente
-f, --silent, --quiet suprime a maioria das mensagens de erro
--reference=ARQR usa o grupo do arquivo ARQR em vez de especificar
um valor para GRUPO
-R, --recursive muda arquivos e diretórios recursivamente
-v, --verbose mostra um diagnóstico para cada arquivo processado
-f, --silent, --quiet suprime a marioria das mensagens de erro
--reference=ARQREF usa dono e grupo do arquivo ARQREF em vez de
especificar os valores de DONO:GRUPO
-R, --recursive muda arquivos e diretórios recursivamente
-v, --verbose mostra um diagnóstico para cada arquivo processado
-g o mesmo que -l, mas não lista o dono
-g GID[,GID1...] também define a ID primária de grupo para GID e, se
se especificadas, as IDs suplementares para GID1, ...
-h, --no-dereference afeta cada ligação simbólica em vez do arquivo por
ela referenciado (útil somente em sistemas que
permitem mudar o dono de uma ligação simbólica)
-i, --ignore-case ignora maiúsculas/minúsculas ao comparar campos
-j CAMPO equivalente a "-1 CAMPO -2 CAMPO"
-o FORMATO obedece ao FORMATO enquanto constrói a linha de saída
-t CARACTERE usa CARACTERE como separador de campo de entrada e saída
-i, --initial não converte TABs após caracteres não-brancos
-t, --tabs=NÚMERO as tabulações têm largura de NÚMERO caracteres, e não 8
-i, --inodes lista informações do inode, em vez de uso de bloco
-k o mesmo que --block-size=1K
-l, --local limita a listagem a sistemas locais de arquivo
--no-sync não invocar "sync" ao obter informações de uso (padrão)
-k o mesmo que --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links contabiliza tamanhos mais vezes se for uma ligação
absoluta
-m o mesmo que --block-size=1M
-l usa o formato de lista longa
-L, --dereference quando mostrar informações de uma ligação
simbólica, mostra as do arquivo a quem ela
referencia, e não do arquivo tipo ligação em si
-m preenche toda a largura com uma lista de entradas
separadas por vírgula
-l, --link liga arquivos em vez de copiar
-L, --dereference sempre segue ligações simbólicas em ORIGEM
-l, --login emite os processo de acesso ("login") do sistema
-m, --canonicalize-missing coloca na forma canônica interpretando toda
ligação simbólica em cada componente do nome
fornecido recursivamente, sem exigências
quanto à existência dos componentes
-n, --no-newline não emite nova-linha ao final da saída
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suprime a maioria das mensagens de erro
-v, --verbose relata mensagens de erro
-m, --mode=MODO define as permissões como MODO (como no chmod) em vez de
a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents não gera erro caso já exista, cria os diretórios pais à
medida que forem necessários
-v, --verbose emite uma mensagem para cada diretório criado
-Z, --context=CTX define o contexto de segurança SELinux de cada diretório
criado como CTX
-n, --digits=DÍGITOS usa o número especificado de dígitos em vez de 2
-s, --quiet, --silent não emite o tamanho dos arquivos de saída
-z, --elide-empty-files remove arquivos de saída vazios
-n, --numeric-uid-gid como -l, mas lista usuário e grupo em números ID
-N, --literal emite nomes de entradas de forma crua (não trata,
por exemplo, caracteres de controle de forma
especial)
-o como -l, mas não lista informações sobre o grupo
-p, --indicator-style=slash
anexa o indicador / aos diretórios
-o, --output=ARQUIVO escreve o resultado para ARQUIVO, e não para a
saída padrão
-s, --stable estabiliza a ordenação desabilitando a comparação
da última esperança ("last-resort")
-S, --buffer-size=TAM usa TAManho para o "buffer" de memória principal
-q, --count os nomes e o total de todos os os usuários conectados
-r, --runlevel emite o nível de execução ("runlevel") atual
-s, --short emite apenas nome, linha e horário (o padrão)
-t, --time emite a última modificação de relógio do sistema
-q, --hide-control-chars emite ? em vez de caracteres não gráficos
--show-control-chars emite caracteres não gráficos como são (padrão
a menos que o programa seja o "ls" e a saída
seja um terminal)
-Q, --quote-name coloca os nomes das entradas entre aspas
--quoting-style=PALAVRA usa estilo de citação PALAVRA para os nomes das
entradas:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent nunca emitir cabeçalhos com os nomes dos arquivos
-v, --verbose sempre emitir cabeçalhos com nomes dos arquivos
-r, --reference=ARQUIVO mostra a hora da última modificação de ARQUIVO
-R, --rfc-2822 emite a data e hora no formato da RFC 2822.
Exemplo: Seg, 07 Ago 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=ARQ usa os horários deste arquivo, em vez do horário atual
-t STAMP usa [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] em vez do horário atual
--time=PALAVRA altera o horário especificado:
PALAVRA é "access", "atime" ou "use":
equivalente a -a
PALAVRA é "modify" ou "mtime": equivalente a -m
-r, --references primeiro campo de cada linha é uma referência
-t, --typeset-mode - não implementado -
-w, --width=NÚMERO a largura de saída em colunas, referências
excluídas
-s, --only-delimited não emite linhas que não contenham delimitadores
--output-delimiter=TEXTO usa TEXTO como delimitador da saída
o padrão é usar o delimitador de entrada
-s, --signal=SINAL, -SINAL
especifica o nome ou número do sinal a ser enviado
-l, --list lista os nomes dos sinais, ou faz a conversão entre nomes
de sinais e seus números (e vice-versa)
-t, --table emite uma tabela de informações de sinais
-s, --symbolic-link cria ligações simbólicas em vez de copiar
-S, --suffix=SUFIXO redefine o sufixo de cópia de segurança
-t --target-directory=DIR copia todos os argumentos ORIGEM para o
diretório DIR
-T, --no-target-directory trata DESTINO como um arquivo normal
-t ordena pelo horário de modificação
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume paradas de tabulação a cada COLS em vez
de 8
-t equivalente a -vT
-T, --show-tabs mostra os caracteres de tabulação como ^I
-u (sem efeito)
-v, --show-nonprinting utiliza a notação ^ e M-, exceto para LFD e TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP usa SEP em vez de transições de espaços não
brancos para espaços-brancos
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR usa DIR para temporários, e não $TMPDIR ou
%s;
multiplas opções especificam múltiplos diretórios
-u, --unique com -c, verifica se a ordenação é estrita;
sem -c, emite apenas a primeira linha de uma
seqüência repetida
-t, --tabs=LISTA usa lista de posições explícitas para tabulações,
separadas por vírgula
-t, --tagged-paragraph recuo da primeira linha diferente do da segunda
-u, --uniform-spacing um espaço entre palavras, dois entre orações
-w, --width=LARGURA a largura máxima da linha (o padrão é 75 colunas)
-t, --target-directory=DIR move todos os argumentos ORIGEM para o
diretório DIR
-T, --no-target-directory trata DESTINO como um arquivo normal
-u, --update move somente quando o arquivo de ORIGEM for
mais novo do o de destino ou quando o arquivo
de destino não existe
-v, --verbose explica o que está sendo feito
-t, --text lê em modo texto (padrão se lendo a entrada padrão
do tty)
-t, --text lê em modo texto (padrão)
-u, --remove trunca e remove o arquivo depois de sobrescrever
-v, --verbose mostra o progresso
-x, --exact não arredonda o tamanho dos arquivos até o próximo bloco
cheio. Isso é o padrão para arquivos não-comuns.
-z, --zero faz uma última sobrescrita com zeros para ocultar formatação
física
-u, --update copia apenas se o arquivo ORIGEM for mais
recente que o arquivo destino ou se este não
existir
-v, --verbose explica o que está sendo feito
-x, --one-file-system permanece neste sistema de arquivos
-u, --user=USUÁRIO define o usuário USUÁRIO no contexto de segurança
alvo
-r, --role=REGRA define a regra REGRA no contexto de segurança alvo
-t, --type=TIPO define o tipo TIPO no contexto de segurança alvo
-l, --range=FAIXA define a faixa FAIXA no contexto de segurança alvo
-v, --kernel-version emite a data em que o Kernel foi criado
-m, --machine emite o nome do hardware da máquina (arquitetura)
-p, --processor emite o tipo do processador ou "unknown"
(desconhecido)
-i, --hardware-platform emite a plataforma de hardware ou "unknown"
(desconhecido)
-o, --operating-system emite o sistema operacional
-w, --check-chars=N compara no máximo N caracteres por linha
-w, --width=COLS assume a largura da tela como COLS
-x lista as entradas por linha em vez de por coluna
-X ordena por ordem alfabética das extensões das
entradas
-Z, --context emite qualquer contexto de segurança SELinux de
cada arquivo
-1 lista um arquivo por linha
-z, --zero-terminated termina linhas com byte 0, e não com "nova-linha"
[:graph:] todos os caracteres exibíveis, exceto espaços
[:lower:] todas as letras minúsculas
[:print:] todos os caracteres exibíveis, inclusive espaços
[:punct:] todos os caracteres de pontuação
[:space:] todos os espaços brancos na horizontal ou vertical
[:upper:] todas as letras maiúsculas
[:xdigit:] todos os dígitos hexadecimais
[=CARAC=] todos os caracteres equivalentes a CARAC
\v tabulação vertical
CARAC1-CARAC2 todos os caracteres desde CARAC1 a CARAC2 em ordem crescente
[CARAC*] no CONJUNTO2, cópias de CARAC até o comprimento do CONJUNTO1
[CARAC*REPETE] REPETE cópias de CARAC; REPETE em octal se começando com 0
[:alnum:] todas as letras e dígitos
[:alpha:] todas as letras
[:blank:] todos os espaços brancos na horizontal
[:cntrl:] todos os caracteres de controle
[:digit:] todos os dígitos
ascii de EBCDIC para ASCII
ebcdic de ASCII para EBCDIC
ibm de ASCII para EBCDIC alternativo
block preenche registros terminados por caractere de nova-linha com
espaços até o tamanho ditado por cbs
unblock substitui os espaços ao final dos registros de tamanho cbs
por caractere de nova-linha
lcase altera as maiúsculas para minúsculas
binary usa E/S binária para dados
d[TAM] decimal com sinal (inteiro), TAM bytes por número
f[TAM] ponto flutuante (real), TAM bytes por número
o[TAM] octal, TAM bytes por número
u[TAM] decimal sem sinal (natural), TAM bytes por número
x[TAM] hexadecimal, TAM bytes por número
direct usa E/S direta para dados
dsync usa E/S sincronizada para dados
noatime não atualiza o horário de acesso
nocreat não cria o arquivo de saída
excl falha se o arquivo de saída já existir
notrunc não trunca o arquivo de saída
ucase altera as minúsculas para maiúsculas
swab troca cada par de bytes de entrada
noctty não designa o terminal de controle do arquivo
noerror continua mesmo após erros de leitura
sync preenche cada bloco de entrada com NULOs até o tamanho ibs; se
usado com block ou unblock, preenche com espaços em vez de NULOs
fdatasync escreve fisicamente os dados do arquivo de saída antes de concluir
fsync similar, mas também escreve metadados
nofollow não segue ligações simbólicas
nolinks falha se ligado múltiplas vezes
nonblock usa E/S não-bloqueante
none, off nunca faz cópias de segurança (mesmo se --backup for
especificado)
numbered, t faz cópias de segurança numeradas
existing, nil numeradas se já existirem cópias de segurança numeradas,
simples em caso contrário
simple, never sempre faz cópias de segurança simples
sync similar, mas também para metadados
text usa E/S textual para dados
%4s-blocos Usad Dispon. Uso%% %s-blocos Usad Dispon. Capacidade (cópia de segurança: %s) * [-]ctlecho ecoa os caracteres de controle em notação de circunflexo
("^c")
[-]echo ecoa caracteres de entrada
* [-]echoctl o mesmo que [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe o mesmo que [-]crterase
[-]echok ecoa uma nova-linha depois de um caractere de "kill"
* [-]echoke o mesmo que [-]crtkill
[-]echonl ecoa uma nova-linha mesmo se não estiver ecoando os demais
caracteres
* [-]echoprt ecoa os caracteres apagados pra trás entre "\" e "/"
[-]icanon habilita os caracteres especiais de erase (apagar), kill
(matar), werase (apagar palavra) e rprnt
[-]iexten habilita caracteres especiais não-POSIX
* [-]iuclc traduz caracteres em maiúsculas para em minúsculas
* [-]ixany permite qualquer caractere reiniciar a saída, e não apenas
o caractere de início
[-]ixoff habilita o envio de caracteres de início e parada
[-]ixon habilita o controle de fluxo XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk marca os erros de paridade (com uma seqüência 255-0-caractere)
[-]tandem o mesmo que [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume que os caracteres de entrada estão na codificação UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl traduz retorno de carro para nova-linha
* [-]ofdel usa caracteres de "delete" para preencher em vez de nulo
* [-]ofill usa caractere de preenchimento em vez de esperar por atrasos
* [-]olcuc traduz minúsculas para maiúsculas
* [-]onlcr traduz nova-linha para retorno de carro-nova-linha
* [-]onlret nova-linha provoca um retorno de carro
* [-]onocr não emite retorno de carro na primeira coluna
[-]opost realiza pós-processamento da saída
* tabN estilo do atraso da tabulação horizontal, N em [0..3]
* tabs o mesmo que tab0
* -tabs o mesmo que tab3
* vtN estilo do atraso da tabulação vertical, N em [0..1]
* eol2 CARAC CARACtere alternativo para fim de linha
erase CARAC CARAC apagará o último caractere digitado
intr CARAC CARAC enviará um sinal de interrupção
kill CARAC CARAC apagará a linha atual
* lnext CARAC CARAC deixará o próximo caractere entre aspas
quit CARAC CARAC enviará um sinal de sair ("quit")
* rprnt CARAC CARAC redesenhará a linha atual
start CARAC CARAC reiniciará a saída depois de pará-la
* rows N informa ao Kernel que o terminal tem N linhas
* size emite o número de linhas e colunas conforme o Kernel
speed emite a velocidade do terminal
time N com -icanon, define o tempo limite de leitura para N décimos
de segundo
Montado em
TTY grupos= antigo na repetição %s
% 1% de memória, b 1, k 1024 (padrão), e assim por diante com M, G, T, P, E,
Z e Y.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
*** ATENÇÃO ***
A localidade especificada no ambiente afeta a ordem de classificação.
Defina LC_ALL=C para obter a ordenação tradicional que usa valores nativos de
bytes.
%.*s: especificação inválida de conversão %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu usuário %lu usuários %s %s (para expressão regular %s) %s -> %s (cópia de segurança restaurada)
%s [-d] terminado anormalmente %s e %s são o mesmo arquivo %s existe, mas não é um diretório %s apareceu; monitorando o fim do novo arquivo %s se tornou acessível %s se tornou inacessível %s foi substituido por um arquivo que não pode ter seu fim monitorado; desistindo desse nome %s foi substituido; monitorando o fim do novo arquivo %s tem um tipo desconhecido de arquivo %s não é um inteiro positivo válido %s é muito grande %s%s: argumento "%s" muito grande %s: %s é tão grande que não pode ser representado %s: %s: número de linha fora dos limites %s: %s: ocorrência não encontrada %s: %s:%s: desordenado: %s: FALHOU na abertura ou na leitura
%s: Usuário inexistente %s: exige-se uma "}" depois do número de repetições %s: era esperado um operador binário %s: só é possível fazer ligações simbólicas relativas no diretório atual %s: não foi possível alterar o modo não-bloqueante %s: não foi possível encontrar o nome para a ID de usuário %lu
%s: é impossivel monitorar o final deste arquivo; desistindo desse nome %s: não foi possível fazer "lseek" para a posição original %s: é impossível sobrescrever diretórios %s: não foi possível voltar ao início %s: não foi possível buscar ("seek") %s: não foi possível buscar ("seek") pela posição relativa ao fim %s %s: não foi possível ir à posição %s %s: não foi possível buscar ("seek") pela posição relativa %s %s: é impossível formatar fisicamente um descritor de arquivo "apenas-anexa" ("append-only") %s: falta o delimitador de fechamento "%c" %s: não foi possível reiniciar modo não-bloqueante %s: entrar no diretório %s? %s: entrar no diretório protegido contra escrita %s? %s: fim de arquivo %s: o operador de equivalência de classe deve ser um único caractere %s: erro ao truncar %s: erro escrevendo na posição %s %s: era esperado um valor numérico %s: falhou em fechar %s: falhou em abrir para escrita %s: falhou em remover %s: "fcntl" falhou %s: "fdatasync" falhou %s: arquivo tem tamanho negativo %s: arquivo pequeno demais %s: arquivo muito grande %s: arquivo muito grande %s: arquivo truncado %s: "fstat" falhou %s: "fsync" falhou %s: não são permitidas ligações absolutas para diretórios %s: a entrada contém um ciclo: %s: a entrada contém um número ímpar de termos %s: os arquivos de entrada e de saída são os mesmos %s: espera-se um número inteiro depois do delimitador %s: PID inválido %s: contagem inválida no início de %s %s: diretiva inválida %s: especificação inválida de campo %s %s: tamanho inválido de arquivo %s: tipo inválido de arquivo %s: número inválido para máximo de estados inalterados entre aberturas do arquivo %s: número inválido %s: número inválido de bytes %s: número inválido de linhas %s: número inválido de passagens %s: número inválido de segundos %s: padrão inválido %s: id inválida de processo %s: expressão regular inválida: %s %s: sinal inválido %s: comprimento inválido de sufixo %s: o número de linha deve ser maior que zero %s: número de linha fora dos limites %s: "lseek" falhou %s: foram especificados múltiplos sinais %s: as novas permissões são %s, e não %s %s: foram encontradas linhas de soma de verificação %s com formatação imprópria %s: sem informação de tamanho para este dispositivo %s: não listando o diretório já listado %s: número de bytes é muito grande %s: sobrescrever %s? %s: passagem %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: passagem %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: passagem %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: erro de leitura %s: remover %s %s? %s: remover todos os argumentos recursivamente? %s: remover todos os argumentos? %s: remover %s %s protegido contra escrita? %s: removido %s: removendo %s: renomeado como %s %s: substituir %s? %s: busca ("seek") falhou %s: muitas linhas de soma de verificação %s: tentar sobrescrever %s, desobedecendo o modo %04lo (%s)? %s: incapaz de determinar o comprimento máximo de nome de arquivo %s: incapaz de realizar todas as operações solicitadas %s: era esperado um operador unário %s: valor não foi convertido totalmente %s: erro de escrita %s:%lu: linha inválida; falta o segundo termo %s:%lu: palavra chave desconhecida %s %s}: entre "{" e "}" deve se especificar um número inteiro " era esperado ")" era esperado ")", foi encontrado %s (C) * sistemas de arquivos que fazem cache em locais temporários, como os clientes
de NFS versão 3.
* sistemas de arquivos comprimidos
* sistemas de arquivos em diário ou estruturado em registros, como os
fornecidos com AIX e Solaris (e JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* sistemas de arquivos que escrevem dados redundantes e continuam mesmo se
ocorrerem erros de escrita, tais como os baseados em RAID
* sistemas de arquivo que fazem "snapshots", tal como o servidor Network
Appliance's NFS
, carga média: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--context (-Z) só funciona em Kernel habilitado com SELinux -R --dereference exige -H ou -L -R -h exige -P -ef não aceita -l -nt não aceita -l -ot não aceita -l ???
Não há suporte para família de endereços para nome de máquina Todos os argumentos para opções longas são obrigatórias para opções curtas.
Todas as requisições foram realizadas Memória para argumentos muito pequena Arnold Robbins Valor inválido para ai_flags CUIDADO: Note que shred confia em uma hipótese muito importante:
que o sistema de arquivos sobrescreve os dados no lugar. Esta é a maneira
tradicional de se fazer, mas projetos modernos de sistemas de arquivos não
satisfazem essa hipótese. Os exemplos a seguir são de sistemas de arquivos aos
quais shred não faz efeito ou não tem eficácia garantida em todos os modos
do sistema de arquivos:
COMENTÁRIO Chama a função link para criar uma ligação chamada ARQUIVO2 a um já existente
ARQUIVO1.
Chama a função unlink (desfazer ligação) para remover o ARQUIVO especificado.
Altera as identificações de usuário e grupo efetivo do USUÁRIO.
-, -l, --login torna o shell em um shell de acesso ("login")
-c, --command=COMANDO passa um único COMANDO ao shell
-f, --fast envia um -f ao shell (para csh ou tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment não reinicia as variáveis de ambiente
-p o mesmo que -m
-s, --shell=SHELL executa SHELL se /etc/shells o permitir
Altera o grupo de cada ARQUIVO para GRUPO.
Com --reference, altera o grupo de cada ARQUIVO para o mesmo do ARQUIVOREF.
-c, --changes como --verbose, mas só avisa quando uma alteração
for feita
--dereference afeta o que for referenciado por cada ligação
simbólica (isto é o padrão), em vez da ligação
simbólica em si
Altera o modo de cada ARQUIVO para MODO.
-c, --changes como --verbose, mas só avisa quando uma alteração
for feita
Muda o dono e/ou grupo de cada ARQUIVO para DONO e/ou GRUPO.
Com --reference, altera o dono e o grupo de cada ARQUIVO para os mesmos do
ARQREF.
-c, --changes como --verbose, mas só avisa quando uma alteração
for feita
--dereference afeta o que for referenciado por cada ligação
simbólica (isto é o padrão), em vez da ligação
simbólica em si
Colin Plumb Compara os arquivos ordenados ARQUIVO1 e ARQUIVO2 linha por linha.
Concatena ARQUIVO(s), ou a entrada padrão, para a saída padrão.
-A, --show-all equivalente a -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numera as linhas de saída que não forem em branco
-e equivalente a -vE
-E, --show-ends insere $ ao final de cada linha
-n, --number numera todas as linhas de saída
-s, --squeeze-blank suprime linhas em branco sucessivas, restando só uma
Converte os espaços de cada ARQUIVO em tabulações, escrevendo na saída padrão.
Sem ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Converte tabulações de cada ARQUIVO em espaços e escreve o resultado na
saída padrão. Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Copia ORIGEM para DESTINO, ou múltiplas ORIGENs para DIRETÓRIO.
Copia a entrada padrão para cada ARQUIVO, e também para a saída padrão.
-a, --append anexa ao(s) ARQUIVO(s) fornecido(s) em vez de
sobrescrever
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignora os sinais de interrupção
Cria arquivos de pipe ("named pipes" ou FIFOs) com os NOMEs fornecidos.
Cria o(s) DIRETÓRIO(s), se eles já não existirem.
Cria o arquivo especial NOME do TIPO fornecido.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diretório: Mostra o estado do arquivo ou do sistema de arquivos.
-L, --dereference segue as ligações
-f, --file-system mostra o estado do sistema de arquivos, em vez de o
estado do arquivo
Mostra a hora atual no FORMATO fornecido, ou ajusta a data do sistema.
-d, --date=TEXTO mostra a hora descrita no TEXTO, não a de "agora"
-f, --file=ARQDATA como --date uma vez para cada linha de ARQDATA
Dmitry V. Levin Descarta quaisquer grupos suplementares, assume a ID de usuário e de grupo do
USUÁRIO especificado (ID numérica ou nome de usuário) e executa COMANDO com
os ARGUMENTOs especificados.
Sai com o estado 111 se for incapaz de assumir a ID de usuário e de grupo
solicitada. Em caso contrário, sai com o estado de saída de COMANDO.
Este programa só é útil quando executado pelo super-usuário (ID de usuário 0).
SAÍDA Cada intervalo é uma das alternativas abaixo:
N o eNésimo byte, caractere ou campo numerado a partir de 1
N- a partir do eNésimo byte, caractere ou campo até o final da linha
N-M a partir do eNésimo ao eMésimo (inclusive) byte, caractere ou campo
-M a partir do primeiro ao eMésimo (inclusive) byte, caractere ou campo
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Ecoa o(s) TEXTO(s) para a saída padrão.
-n não emitir o caractere de nova-linha do final do TEXTO
Sai com um código de estado indicando sucesso. Sai com o estado determinado por EXPRESSÃO.
François Pinard FALHOU FIXME: desconhecido FORMATO deve estar apropriado para mostrar um argumento do tipo "double" (real
de precisão dupla); por padrão, é %.PRECf se PRIMEIRO, INCREMENTO e ÚLTIMO
forem números decimais de ponto fixo com precisão máxima PREC, e é %g caso
contrário.
Fifos não têm números maior e menor de dispositivo. Sist. Arq. Sist. Arq. Tipo Para cada par de linhas de entrada com campos de junção idênticos, escreve uma
linha para a saída padrão. O campo padrão de junção é o primeiro, delimitado
por um espaço branco. Quando ARQUIVO1 ou ARQUIVO2 (não ambos) for -, lê a
entrada padrão.
-a ARQUIVONUM emite linhas despareadas vindo do arquivo ARQUIVONUM,
onde ARQUIVONUM é 1 ou 2 (correspondendo a ARQUIVO1 ou
ARQUIVO2)
-e VAZIO substitui os campos de entrada ausentes com VAZIO
Força os blocos alterados para o disco, atualiza o super-bloco.
H. Peter Anvin OCIOSO Ian Lance Taylor Ocioso Além disso, cópias de segurança e espelhos remoto de sistema de arquivos podem
conter cópias do arquivo que não são possíveis de serem removidos e que
permitirá um arquivo formatado fisicamente ser recuperado mais tarde.
Na vida real: No caso dos sistemas de arquivos ext3, o aviso acima aplica (e shred tem,
assim, eficácia limitada) somente quando dados=modo journal, que diariza os
dados de arquivos além dos metadados. Tanto quando dados=ordenados (padrão) e
dados=modos de writeback, shred funciona normal.
Modos de journaling do ext3 podem ser alterados adicionando a opção data=algum
modo às opções de montagem para um sistema de arquivos em particular no
arquivo /etc/fstab como documentado no manual de mount (man mount).
Banda infinita Interrompido por um sinal Retro-referência inválida Nome inválido de categoria de caracteres Caractere inválido de colagem Conteúdo inválido de \{\} Expressão regular precedente é inválida Fim inválido de intervalo Expressão regular inválida James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf LINHA Lista informações sobre os ARQUIVOs (no diretório atual por padrão).
Lista as entradas em ordem alfabética se não for usada nenhuma opção -cftuvSUX
nem --sort.
Usuário Nome de usuário: Argumentos obrigatórios para opções longas também o são para opções curtas.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Falha na alocação de memória Memória esgotada Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NOME Nome Nome ou serviço desconhecido Nenhum endereço associado ao nome de máquina Nenhuma ocorrência do padrão Nenhuma expressão regular anterior Falha irrecuperável na resolução de nome SUCESSO Somente um conjunto pode ser fornecido ao remover sem omitir repetições. Opções de ordenação:
Emite um índice permutado, incluindo o contexto, das palavras dos arquivos de
entrada.
Emite comandos de saída para definir a variável de ambiente LS_COLORS.
Para determinar o formato da saída:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell emite o código para definir LS_COLORS em
formato conhecido pelo Bourne shell
-c, --csh, --c-shell emite o código para definir LS_COLORS em
formato conhecido pelo C shell
-p, --print-data-base emite os códigos padrão
Divide ENTRADA em pedaços de tamanho fixo para PREFIXOaa, PREFIXOab, ...; o
tamanho padrão é 1000 linhas, e o padrão para PREFIXO é "x". Se ENTRADA não
for especificada ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Emite pedaços do ARQUIVO separado pelo PADRÃO(ões) para os arquivos "xx00",
"xx01", ..., e emite o total de bytes de cada pedaço na saída padrão.
Emite quem está atualmente conectado de acordo com ARQUIVO.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado, usa-se %s.
É costume usar %s como ARQUIVO.
Sobrescreve o(s) ARQUIVO(s) especificado(s) repetidamente, para dificultar
tentativas de recuperação dos dados mesmo através dos maquinários mais caros.
Esse procedimento também é chamado de formatação física.
PID Dispõe o(s) ARQUIVO(s) em páginas ou colunas para impressão.
Texto do parâmetro codificado incorretamente Senha: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Planos:
Fim prematuro da expressão regular Emite ARGUMENTO(s) conforme FORMATO, ou executa conforme OPÇÃO:
Exibe a soma de verificação CRC e o total de bytes de cada ARQUIVO.
Mostra o NOME sem quaisquer componentes iniciais de diretório.
Se for especificado, remove também o SUFIXO final.
Emite NOME sem sua parte final /componente; se NOME não tiver "/", emite "."
(o que significa o diretório atual).
Mostra certas informações sobre o sistema. Sem fornecer OPÇÃO, fica implícito
o uso de -s.
-a, --all emite todas as informações, na ordem a seguir,
exceto que omite -p e -i se desconhecidos:
-s, --kernel-name emite o nome do Kernel do sistema operacional
-n, --nodename emite o nome do nó da máquina na rede
-r, --kernel-release emite a versão de liberação do Kernel
Emite a arquitetura da máquina.
Emite números de PRIMEIRO até ÚLTIMO, de INCREMENTO em INCREMENTO.
-f, --format=FORMATO usa o FORMATO de ponto flutuante no estilo printf
-s, --separator=TEXTO usa TEXTO para separar números (padrão: \n)
-w, --equal-width equaliza a largura preenchendo com zeros à esquerda
Mostra ou altera as características do terminal.
-a, --all emite todas as características atuais de forma
inteligível por humanos
-g, --save emite todas as características atuais de forma
inteligível pelo stty
-F, --file=DISPOSIVO abre e usa o DISPOSItivo especificado em vez da
entrada padrão
Emite as partes selecionadas das linhas de cada ARQUIVO na saída padrão.
Emite o nome de arquivo do terminal conectado à entrada padrão.
-s, --silent, --quiet não emite nada, só retorna o estado de saída
Emite as primeiras 10 linhas de cada ARQUIVO para saída padrão.
Se especificados vários ARQUIVO(s), o nome de cada arquivo precede as linhas.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Emite o nome completo do diretório de trabalho atual.
Mostra as %d últimas linhas de cada ARQUIVO na saída padrão.
Se especificados vários ARQUIVOs, mostra o nome de cada um antes de suas
respectivas linhas.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Emite o nome do usuário atual.
Emite o nome do usuário associado à identificação de usuário efetivo (uid)
atual.O mesmo que id -un.
Processamento da requisição em andamento Projeto: Q. Frank Xia Randy Smith Expressão regular grande demais Remove (desvincula) o(s) ARQUIVO(s).
-f, --force ignora arquivos inexistentes, nunca questionar
-i questiona antes de cada remoção
Renomeia ORIGEM para DESTINO ou move ORIGEM(ns) para DIRETÓRIO.
Emite repetidamente uma linha com todos os TEXTOs especificados ou "y".
Requisição cancelada Requisição não cancelada Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Executa COMANDO com um valor de nice ajustado, que afeta o escalonamento do
processo.
Sem COMANDO, emite o valor atual do nice. A faixa de valores do nice vai de
%d (mais favorável ao escalonamento) ao %d (menos favorável).
-n, --adjustment=N adiciona o número inteiro N ao valor de nice
(o padrão é 10)
Executa COMANDO com o diretório raiz modificado para NOVORAIZ.
Executa COMANDO, ignorando os sinais de desligar.
Executa um programa em um contexto de segurança diferente.
Sem CONTEXTO nem COMANDO, emite o contexto de segurança atual.
CONTEXTO o contexto de segurança completo
-c, --compute computa o contexto de transição de processo antes de
modificar
-t, --type=TIPO tipo (para mesma regra como parente)
-u, --user=USUÁRIO identidade do usuário
-r, --role=REGRA regra
-l, --range=FAIXA faixa de nível
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Envia sinais a processos ou lista os sinais.
ai_socktype não tem suporte a nome de serviço Defina LC_ALL='C' para contornar o problema. Shell: Mostra informações sobre os sistemas de arquivo nos quais cada ARQUIVO
reside ou, por padrão, sobre todos os sistemas de arquivos.
Simon Josefsson Arquivos especiais exigem os números maior e menor do dispositivo. Stuart Kemp Sucesso Resume o uso do disco de cada ARQUIVO, recursivamente para diretórios.
Erro de sistema HORÁRIO Falha temporária na resolução de nome Os seguintes sinalizadores opcionais podem ser usados após "%":
- (hífen) não preenche o campo
_ (sublinha) preenche com espaços
0 (zero) preenche com zeros
^ usa maiúsculas se possível
# inverte maiúsculas com minúsculas (e vice-versa) se possível
As seguintes opções modificam como uma hierarquia é percorrida quando a
opção -R é também especificada. Se mais de uma destas forem especificadas,
somente a última faz efeito.
-H se um argumento da linha de comando for uma
ligação simbólica para diretório, percorra-o
-L percorra cada ligação simbólica para diretório
encontrada
-P não percorra ligações simbólicas (padrão)
Os textos comparados foram %s e %s. Torbjorn Granlund Barra invertida excedente ao final Experimente "%s --help" para mais informações.
Experimente "%s ./%s" para remover o arquivo %s.
Dois conjuntos devem ser fornecidos quando traduzindo. Ulrich Drepper Erro desconhecido Erro desconhecido de sistema ( ou \( sem correspondente ) ou \) sem correspondente [ ou [^ sem correspondente \{ sem correspondente Uso: %s COMANDO [ARGUMENTO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s CONTEXTO COMANDO [args]
ou: %s [ -c ] [-u USUÁRIO] [-r REGRA] [-t TIPO] [-l FAIXA] COMANDO [args]
Uso: %s EXPRESSÃO
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s ARQUIVO
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s ARQUIVO1 ARQUIVO2
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s FORMATO [ARGUMENTO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s NOME
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s NOME [SUFIXO]
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s NÚMERO[SUFIXO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Suspende por NÚMERO segundos.
SUFIXO pode ser "s" para indicar segundos, "m" para minutos, "h" para horas
ou "d" para dias. Ao contrário de outras implementações que exigem que
NÚMERO seja um inteiro, aqui NÚMERO pode ser um número de ponto flutuante.
Sendo fornecidos dois ou mais argumentos, suspende pela quantidade de tempo
obtida pela soma de seus valores.
Uso: %s OPÇÃO... [ARQUIVO]...
Uso: %s [-s SINAL | -SINAL] PID...
ou: %s -l [SINAL]...
ou: %s -t [SINAL]...
Uso: %s [ARQUIVO]...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]
Uso: %s [NOME]
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Mostra ou configura o nome da máquina do sistema atual.
Uso: %s [NÚMERO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s [OPERANDO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO] [COMANDO [ARG]...]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO] [ARQUIVO]
Escreve uma lista totalmente ordenada coerente com uma ordenação parcial no
ARQUIVO.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... CONTEXTO ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-u USUÁRIO] [-r REGRA] [-l FAIXA] [-t TIPO] ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=ARQUIVOREF ARQUIVO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... DIRETÓRIO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... ARQUIVO
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... ARQUIVO PADRÃO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... ARQUIVO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... ARQUIVO1 ARQUIVO2
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... GRUPO ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=ARQUIVOREF ARQUIVO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... ÚLTIMO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... PRIMEIRO ÚLTIMO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... PRIMEIRO INCREMENTO ÚLTIMO
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... MODO[,MODO]... ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... MODO-OCTAL ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=ARQREF ARQUIVO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... NOME TIPO [MAIOR MENOR]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... NOME...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... CONJUNTO1 [CONJUNTO2]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ ARQUIVO | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [+FORMATO]
ou: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] ORIGEM DESTINO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... ORIGEM... DIRETÓRIO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t DIRETÓRIO ORIGEM...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] ORIGEM DESTINO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... ORIGEM... DIRETÓRIO
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t DIRETÓRIO ORIGEM...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -d DIRETÓRIO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-T] ALVO NOME_LIGAÇÃO (1ª forma)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... ALVO (2ª forma)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... ALVO... DIRETÓRIO (3ª forma)
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... -t DIRETÓRIO ALVO... (4ª forma)
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-] [NOME=VALOR]... [COMANDO [ARGUMENTO]...]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [-] [USUÁRIO [ARGUMENTO]...]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO]
ou: %s -e [OPÇÃO]... [ARGUMENTO]...
ou: %s -i MENOR-MAIOR [OPÇÃO]...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO]...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO]...
ou: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [ARQUIVO] [[+]DESLOCAMENTO[.][b]]
ou: %s --traditional [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO] [[+]DESLOCAMENTO[.][b] [+][RÓTULO][.][b]]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ARQUIVO]...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --files0-from=A
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA [SAÍDA]]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA]... (sem a opção -G)
ou: %s -G [OPÇÃO]... [ENTRADA [SAÍDA]]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [DONO][:[GRUPO]] ARQUIVO...
ou: %s [OPÇÃO]... --reference=ARQREF ARQUIVO...
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [MODELO]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [NOMEDOUSUÁRIO]
Uso: %s [OPÇÃO]... [USUÁRIO]...
Uso: %s [TEXTO]...
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: %s [argumentos da linha de comando ignorados]
ou: %s OPÇÃO
Uso: test EXPRESSÃO
ou: test
ou: [ EXPRESSÃ0 ]
ou: [ ]
ou: [ OPÇÃO
Os argumentos válidos são: Seqüências válidas de formatação para sistemas de arquivos:
%a Blocos livres disponíveis usuário comum (não super-usuário)
%b Total de blocos de dados no sistema de arquivos
%c Total de nós de arquivo no sistema de arquivos
%d Nós de arquivo livres no sistema de arquivos
%f Blocos livres no sistema de arquivos
%C Texto de contexto de segurança SELinux
AVISO: Estrutura circular de diretórios.
Isso quase sempre significa que o sistema de arquivos está corrompido.
NOTIFIQUE O ADMINISTRADOR DO SISTEMA.
Os diretórios a seguir fazem parte do ciclo:
%s
Aviso: Quando Onde Quebra as linhas de entradas de cada ARQUIVO (em caso omisso, entrada padrão),
escrevendo na saída padrão.
Escreve uma permutação aleatória das linhas de entrada para a saída padrão.
Escreve cada ARQUIVO na saída padrão, começando pela última linha.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Escreve cada ARQUIVO para a saída padrão junto com os números das linhas.
Se ARQUIVO não é fornecido ou se for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Escreve linhas constituídas das linhas seqüencialmente correspondentes de
cada ARQUIVO, separaradas por tabulações, para a saída padrão.
Se ARQUIVO não for especificado ou for -, lê a entrada padrão.
Escreve de forma ordenada a concatenação do(s) ARQUIVO(s) na saída padrão.
Escrito por %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e outros.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s, %s
e %s.
Escrito por %s, %s e %s.
Escrito por %s.
as expressões [=c=] não podem aparecer em CONJUNTO2 ao traduzir ^[nN] ^[sS] " "-%c" caracteres extras ou número inválido no argumento: %s "--pages=PRIMEIRA_PÁG[:ÚLTIMA_PÁG]" está com argumentos faltando "-N NÚMERO" número inválido de linha inicial: %s "-W TAMANHO_PÁG" número inválido de caracteres: %s "-l TAMANHO_PÁG" número inválido de linhas: %s "-o MARGEM" deslocamento (offset) inválido de linha: %s "-w TAMANHO_PÁG" número inválido de caracteres: %s um comando deve ser fornecido com um ajuste acessando %s Não há suporte para a ai_family não há suporte a ai_socktype %s é um argumento ambíguo %s um delimitador de entrada só pode ser especificado quando se processa campos fazer cópia de segurança de %s destruiria o original; %s não foi copiado fazer cópia de segurança de %s destruiria o original; %s não foi movido tipo de cópia de segurança arquivo especial de bloco não há suporte para arquivos especiais de bloco ambos os arquivos não podem ser a entrada padrão deslocamento de byte %s é muito grande não pode aplicar o contexto parcial para o arquivo não-rotulado %s é impossível obter o contexto do processo impossível acessar %s não foi possível fazer cópia de segurança de %s é impossível resumir e detalhar todas as entradas ao mesmo tempo não foi possível mudar a posse de %s é impossível mudar as permissões de %s não foi possível mudar o diretório raiz para %s não foi possível mudar para diretório %s não foi possível ir para o diretório raiz é impossível combinar as opções -e e -i é impossível qualquer combinação entre {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} é impossível combinar "block" com "unblock" é impossível combinar "excl" com "nocreat" é impossível combinar "lcase" com "ucase" é impossível combinar as opções MODO e --reference é impossível combinar sinal com -l ou -t não foi possível comparar os nomes de arquivo %s e %s impossível converter U+%04X para o conjunto local de caracteres impossível converter U+%04X para o conjunto local de caracteres: %s é impossível copiar um diretório, %s, para si próprio, %s é impossível copiar ligação simbólica cíclica %s é impossível criar o diretório %s não foi possível criar fifo %s não foi possível criar ligação absoluta %s para %s não foi possível criar ligação %s não foi possível criar a ligação %s para %s não foi possível criar arquivo comum %s não foi possível criar arquivo especial %s não foi possível criar ligação simbólica %s não foi possível criar ligação simbólica %s para %s não foi possível obter o alvo referenciado por %s não foi possível determinar o dispositivo e o inode de %s não foi possível determinar o nome da máquina é impossível executar a função "ioctl" em %s não foi possível encontrar o nome para a ID de grupo %lu não foi possível encontrar o nome para a ID de usuário %lu é impossível monitorar %s pelo nome é impossível forçar o contexto alvo para %s e preservá-lo ao mesmo tempo não foi possível obter o estado de %s não foi possível saber o diretório atual não foi possível obter o valor de nice não foi possível obter o nome do sistema impossível fazer "lseek" em %s é impossível fazer ligações absolutas e simbólicas simultaneamente não foi possível criar diretório %s não foi possível mover %s para %s é impossível mover %s para um subdiretório de si mesmo, %s é impossível mover diretório para não-diretório: %s -> %s não foi possível abrir %s para leitura não foi possível abrir %s para escrita não foi possível abrir o diretório %s impossível operar na ligação simbólica quebrada %s é impossível sobrescrever diretório %s com um não-diretório é impossível sobrescrever o não-diretório %s com o diretório %s impossível formatar a saída é impossível preservar o contexto de segurança sem um kernel habilitado com
SELinux é impossível a combinação de mais de uma opção do tipo "emite apenas" é impossível emitir apenas nomes ou ID reais no formato padrão é impossível emitir o contexto de segurança quando usário é especificado impossível ler diretório %s não foi possível ler nomes de arquivos de %s não foi possível ler informações do sistema de arquivos para %s não foi possível ler relógio de tempo real não foi possível ler ligação simbólica %s não foi possível ler a tabela dos sistemas de arquivo montados não foi possível remover %s não foi possível reposicionar ponteiro de arquivo para %s não foi possível ajustar data não foi possível definir id de grupo não foi possível estabelecer ID de grupo para %lu não foi possível definir grupos é impossível alterar o nome da máquina; este sistema não dispõe dessa
funcionalidade não foi possível definir o nome como %s não foi possível ajustar o valor de nice não foi possível alterar o horário de %s não foi possível definir id de usuário não foi possível estabelecer ID de usuário para %lu é impossível acessar além da entrada combinada é impossível especificar horários de mais de uma fonte é impossível subdividir em mais de uma forma impossível obter estado de %s não foi possível realizar "stat" no diretório atual (agora %s) não foi possível tocar %s não foi possível restaurar a cópia de segurança %s não foi possível remover %s não foi possível contornar o bug no kernel alterado o grupo de %s para %s
alterado o dono de %s para %s
alterando o grupo de %s alterando o dono de %s alterando permissões de %s o deslocamento de caracteres é zero caractere fora de faixa arquivo especial de caractere não há suporte para arquivos especiais de caractere apagando as permissões para %s mudança de relógio erro fechando arquivo fechando %s fechando %s (fd=%d) fechando o diretório %s fechando arquivo de entrada %s fechando arquivo de saída %s fechando entrada padrão conflito entre textos de substituição de campos vazios foram fornecidos especificadores de contexto de segurança conflitantes não pôde criar processo para %s -d não pôde criar arquivo temporário não pôde executar %s não pôde executar %s -d não pôde encontrar a entrada de diretório em %s coincidente com o i-node não pôde obter a data de iniciação da máquina foi criado o diretório %s criando o diretório %s criando arquivo %s
criando ligação absoluta %s criando ligação absoluta %s => %s criando ligação absoluta para %.0s%s criando ligação simbólica %s criando ligação simbólica %s -> %s a lista de delimitadores termina com uma barra invertida não escapada: %s diretório divisão por zero erro na duplicação de descritor de arquivo ("dup2") arquivo com nome em branco tabulação vazia erro ao fechar o arquivo erro na busca da expressão regular erro na busca da expressão regular erro lendo %s erro escrevendo %s saída= argumento extra %s operando extra %s operando extra %s
operando extra %s não é permitido com -%c falhou em alterar o contexto de %s para %s falhou em alterar o grupo de %s para %s
falhou em alterar o modo de %s para %04lo (%s)
falhou em alterar a posse de %s
falhou em alterar dono de %s para %s
falhou em mudar para o diretório %s falhou em computar o novo contexto falhou em criar o diretório via modelo %s falhou em criar o arquivo via modelo %s falhou em criar contexto de segurança: %s falhou em obter os atributos de %s falhou em obter o contexto atual falhou em obter o contexto de criação do sistema de arquivos falhou em obter os grupos do usuário para o processo atual falhou em obter os grupos do usuário %s falhou em obter contexto de segurança de %s falhou em localizar o arquivo %s falhou em abrir %s falhou em preservar a autoria para %s falhou em preservar o dono para %s falhou em preservar permissões para %s falhou em preservar horário para %s falhou em redirecionar o erro padrão falhou em remover %s falhou em remover o diretório %s falhou em restaurar o contexto padrão de criação de arquivo falhou em retornar ao diretório inicial de trabalho falhou em definir componente %s do contexto de segurança para %s falhou em definir o contexto padrão de criação de arquivo para %s falhou em definir a nova faixa %s falhou em definir a nova regra %s falhou em definir o novo tipo %s falhou em definir o novo usuário %s falhou em estabelecer grupo(s) suplementar(es) falhou em ajustar a cópia de "stderr" para fechar no "exec" falhou em definir o contexto de segurança de %s para %s falhou em obter o estado de %s "fdatasync" falhou para %s erro liberando dados no arquivo ("fflush") o número de campo %s é muito grande o número do campo é zero campos e posições são numerados a partir do número 1 fifo sistema de arquivos de tipo %s selecionado e excluído a chamada de sistema "fork" falhou o texto de formatação não pode ser especificado quando escrevendo textos de larguras iguais "fsync" falhou para %s fts_read falhou getpass: não foi possível abrir /dev/tty obtendo novos atributos de %s grupo de %s mantido como %s
função iconv não disponível função iconv não utilizável id= ignorando todos os argumentos ignorando entrada ignorando entrada e anexando saída a %s ignorando entrada e redirecionando "stderr" para "stdout" ignorando tamanho inválido de tabulação na variável de ambiente TABSIZE: %s ignorando valor inválido da variável de ambiente QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignorando largura inválida na variável de ambiente COLUMNS: %s ignorando argumentos que não são opções campos de junção incompatíveis %lu, %lu tabulações incompatíveis senha incorreta a entrada desapareceu linha de entrada é muito longa falhou ao mover entre dispositivos: %s para %s: impossível remover destino argumento inválido para %s%s: "%s" ajuste inválido %s argumento inválido %s %s é um argumento inválido para %s estilo inválido de numeração do corpo: %s lista inválida de bytes ou campos caractere inválido "%c" no texto de tipo %s classe inválida de caracteres %s contexto inválido: %s conversão inválida especificador de conversão no sufixo é inválido: %c especificador de conversão no sufixo é inválido: \%.3o data inválida %s formato de data inválido %s não é válido um intervalo decrescente dispositivo inválido %s %s tipo inválido de dispositivo %s número inválido de campo: %s especificação inválida do campo: %s largura inválida de campo: %s número inválido de arquivo na especificação do campo: %s argumento inválido de ponto flutuante: %s estilo inválido de numeração de rodapé: %s precisão inválida do formato largura inválida do formato largura inválida de espaçamento: %s grupo inválido grupo inválido %s grupo inválido: %s estilo inválido de numeração de cabeçalho: %s entrada inválida sinalizador inválido de entrada intervalo inválido de entrada %s número inteiro inválido %s argumento inválido para inteiro %s quantidade inválida de linhas %s disciplina inválida de linha %s largura inválida de campo de numeração de linha: %s incremento inválido de número de linha: %s formato inválido de numeração de linha: %s largura inválida de linha: %s número maior de dispostivo é inválido %s profundidade máxima inválida %s número menor de dispostivo é inválido %s modo inválido modo inválido %s modo inválido: %s número inválido %s número inválido após "," número inválido após "-" número inválido após "." número inválido no início do campo número inválido de linhas vazias: %s número inválido de bytes quantidade inválida de bytes para comparar quantidade inválida de bytes para ignorar o número de colunas não é válido: %s quantidade inválida de campos para ignorar número inválido de linhas número inválido de linhas: 0 opção inválida -- %c opção inválida -- %c; -LARGURA é reconhecida somente quando é a primeira
opção; use -w N no lugar base numérica inválida de endereço de saída "%c"; deve ser um dos caracteres [doxn] sinalizador inválido de saída precisão inválida: %s não é valido um intervalo sem especificar limite: - número inválido de repetições %s na especificação [c*n] spec inválido número inválido para linha inicial: %s sinalizador inválido de estado sufixo inválido no argumento para %s%s: "%s" tamanho inválido de tabulação: %s modelo inválido, %s; contém separador de diretório modelo inválido, %s; com --tmpdir, não pode usar caminho absoluto intervalo inválido de tempo %s formato inválido de estilo de hora %s opção inválida -- %c texto de tipo inválido %s texto de tipo inválido %s;
este sistema não provê um tipo de ponto-flutuante com %lu-bytes texto de tipo inválido %s;
este sistema não provê um tipo de inteiro com %lu-bytes nome inválido de caractere universal \%c%0*x usuário inválido usuário inválido %s largura inválida: %s tamanho inválido para quebra: %s é inválido um nome de arquivo de comprimento nulo é perigoso operar recursivamente em %s é perigoso operar recursivamente em %s (o mesmo em %s) último= um componente do nome de arquivo começa com "-" %s limite de %lu excedido pelo comprimento de %lu do nome de arquivo %s limite de %lu excedido pelo comprimento de %lu do componente do nome de arquivo %s a opção de contagem de linha -%s%c... está muito grande número de linha %s é menor do que o número de linha precedente, %s estouro do número de linhas memória esgotada fila de mensagens as construções [:upper:] e/ou [:lower:] estão desalinhadas falta especificador %% de conversão no sufixo falta "]" faltam argumentos depois de %s faltando argumento para %s nome de classe de caracteres faltando "[::]" falta especificador de conversão no sufixo falta o operando arquivo de destino após %s caractere de classe de equivalência faltando "[==]" falta o operando arquivo falta um número hexadecimal no escape falta lista de campos falta lista de posições falta operando falta operando depois de %s o modo deve especificar apenas os bits de permissão de arquivo modo de %s alterado para %04lo (%s)
modo de %s mantido como %04lo (%s)
tabulação multicaractere %s foram especificadas múltiplas opções -i foram especificadas múltiplas opções -l ou -t foram especificados múltiplos programas de compressão múltiplas faixas de nível foram especificados múltiplos arquivos de saída foram especificados múltiplos formatos de saída foram especificadas múltiplas fontes de aleatoriedade múltiplas regras foram especificados múltiplos diretórios-alvo múltiplos tipos múltiplos usuários ligação simbólica %s e referência inalterados
variável de ambiente SHELL não existente e não se especificou nenhum
tipo de shell como argumento não foi alterada a posse de %s
nenhum comando foi especificado nenhum sistema de arquivo foi processado nenhum aquivo restante nenhum nome de usuário nenhuma ID de processo foi especificada não se pode especificar um tipo ao despejar textos nenhum usuário especificado; pelo menos um deve ser fornecido ao usar -l caractere não portável %s no nome de arquivo %s não é um tty não se escreve através de uma ligação simbólica quebrada: %s o número em %s é muito grande número de bytes número de linhas estouro de deslocamento enquanto lia o arquivo %s omitindo o diretório %s só um operador de repetição [c*] pode aparecer em CONJUNTO2 somente um dispositivo pode ser especificado somente um tipo de lista pode ser especificado erro abrindo arquivo abrindo %s opção usada em um contexto inválido -- %c as opções "-%s" são incompatíveis mantida a posse de %s
dono de %s mantido como %s
largura de página muito estreita preservando permissões para %s preservando horário para %s não faz sentido emitir todas as linhas duplicadas e contagens de repetição simultaneamente os extremos do intervalo em "%s-%s" estão em ordem inversa da seqüência de colagem ("collate") erro de leitura falhou na leitura lendo %s lendo o diretório %s registro muito grande arquivo comum vazio arquivo comum removido %s
removeu o diretório: %s
removendo o diretório %s nível de execução semáforo o separador não pode ser nulo ajustando sinalizadores para %s definindo permissões para %s configurando horário de %s objeto de memória compartilhada bytes-a-pular + bytes-a-ler é um valor muito grande ignorando %s, já que está em um dispositivo diferente ignorando o arquivo %s; ele foi substituído durante a cópia soquete erro padrão entrada padrão a entrada padrão está fechada saída padrão falhou no "stat" caractere no lugar errado no campo spec a comparação dos textos falhou a transformação do texto falhou o processo "strip" terminou anormalmente suprimir as linhas não delimitadas só tem sentido
quando se processa campos ligação simbólica erro de sintaxe o tamanho de tabulação não pode ser 0 o tamanho de tabulação contém caractere(s) inválido(s): %s os tamanhos das tabulações devem ser ascendentes parada de tabulação é muito grande %s o valor da parada de tabulação é muito grande as tabulações estão muito longínquas o alvo %s não é um diretório não é permitido --target-directory em instalação de diretório térm= test e/ou [ as opções --binary e --text não fazem sentido ao conferir as somas de verificação a opção --status só faz sentido ao conferir as somas de verificação a opção --warn só faz sentido ao conferir as somas de verificação as expressões [c*] só podem aparecer em CONJUNTO2 quando traduzindo o operador de repetição [c*] não pode aparecer em CONJUNTO1 o delimitador deve ser um único caractere as opções para estilo de saída detalhado e inteligível ao stty
são mutuamente exclusivas a opção para emitir a base de dados interna de dircolors e a para selecionar
uma sintaxe de shell são mutuamente exclusivas as opções para exibir e alterar o horário não podem ser usadas juntas as opções que especificam datas para exibição são mutuamente exclusivas a opção --strip não pode ser usada em instalação de diretório hora %s fora do intervalo permitido para usar a ID do usuário %s, você precisa usar -g também poucos Xs no modelo %s muitos especificadores %% de conversão no sufixo muitos caracteres no conjunto muitas linhas repetidas muitos modelos total objeto de memória tipificada incapaz de registrar o diretório atual de trabalho incapaz de definir o contexto de segurança %s operador binário desconhecido ID desconhecida do usuário: %s o valor da variável de ambiente LS_COLORS não pode ser analisado operando desconhecido %s prefixo desconhecido: %s use --no-preserve-root para contornar esta segurança usuário %s não existe usando shell restrito %s escrevendo em %s [-d] esperando por "strip" aviso: %s: caractere(s) após constante de caractere foi(foram) ignorado(s) aviso: %s: falhou em alterar o contexto para %s aviso: não há suporte para--pid=PID neste sistema aviso: --retry é mais usado quando monitorando pelo nome aviso: PID ignorado; --pid=PID é útil somente quando monitorando aviso: "touch %s" está obsoleto; use "touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d" aviso: não é portável ter uma barra invertida sem escape no final de um texto aviso: barra invertida no final da formatação aviso: não foi possível mudar para o diretório %s aviso: não foi possível remover: %s aviso: monitorar indefinidamente a entrada padrão não funciona aviso: ignorando argumentos em excesso, começando com %s aviso: deslocamento inválido de arquivo após falha de leitura aviso: largura %lu inválida; será usada %d em seu lugar atenção: o número de linha %s é igual ao número de linha anterior aviso: o arquivo de origem %s foi especificado mais de uma vez aviso: resumir conflita com --max-depth=%lu aviso: resumir é o mesmo que usar --max-depth=0 aviso: a seqüência de escape octal ambígua \%c%c%c
está sendo interpretada como a seqüência de 2 bytes \0%c%c, %c aviso: escape desconhecido "\%c" aviso: contornando o bug no kernel de "lseek" para arquivo (%s)
de mt_type=0x%0lx -- veja para a lista de tipos arquivo estranho se não se está truncando CONJUNTO1, CONJUNTO2 não pode ser vazia ao ler nomes de arquivo da entrada padrão, não é permitido nenhum nome de arquivo ser %s ao especificar um estilo de saída, não se pode definir um modo ao traduzir com classes de caracteres complementares,
CONJUNTO2 deve mapear todos os caracteres do domínio a um só quando traduzindo, as únicas classes de caracteres que podem aparecer em
CONJUNTO2 são "upper" e "lower" não copiará %s através da ligação simbólica recém-criada %s não criará ligação absoluta %s para o diretório %s não sobrescreverá o recém-criado %s com %s com --parents, o destino tem que ser um diretório erro de gravação erro ao escrever em %s erro de escrita escrevendo %s escrevendo em %s você deve especificar -c, -t, -u, -l, -r ou contexto deve-se especificar uma lista de bytes, caracteres ou campos PRIuMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks %s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % %+% registros de entrada
%+% registros de saída
% registro truncado
% registros truncados
% byte (%s) copiado % bytes (%s) copiados deslocamento muito grande: é impossível truncar para um comprimento de busca=% (%lu-byte) blocos %s: %: linha de soma de verificação %s formatada de maneira imprópria AVISO: % de % arquivo listado não pôde ser lido AVISO: % dos % arquivos listados não pôde(puderam) ser lido(s) AVISO: % de % soma de verificação calculada NÃO coincide AVISO: % das % somas de verificação calculadas NÃO coincide(m) número da página inicial % ultrapassa o total de % Página % usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00001114402 15100216763 0014475 0 ustar 00 0 - Y w
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u ] !u u u u $ u u < u + 5v . av v v - v = v L w > jw % w + w - w / )x ) Yx 3 x x % x ! x y N 8y 9 y y y
y y z #z Bz
Vz dz pz z z z # z - z
{ #{ D{ c{ 7 { 1 { A { ,| 3| B| Q| m| }| | | | , | # | # | + } Q D} } } } - } = } 3 =~ * q~ 9 ~ ~ # ~ U p v e V K < X Y W ; I ; ݁ 0 ߂ [ { l M G 6 % ~ B ! / ) Y 0 p Յ
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) O P ' J 9 1 , ~ 4 P < , o : A < q . a E r z b Q A B h @
l ` # H h t R S m p ~ " d p G C V n m ] Q O S L h P . 8 a @ S H
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; @ . I Y 5 C ^ & F { V $ ` e j c G u y 7 ! E 3 f
9 M ~ B H K m ; ] , c M ? * , 4 " G : X z h | a s { P " n J
U = } r 6 ! T c & 0
} k e \ ] q 7 N J R ; o W U d 3 o 6 f c 0 i [ 6 ( ] + l i # | b ' 9 t x s K | # X / J C [ u @ [ i g ^ - % . v < B U 0 1 w E g : ` } K % ! ' 8 X b a u W a - M 9 F t s P = Q G L p z @ ) f T n x + U m | E I % A J q u _ _ M C c T y H * ) r D T $ N W $ M f ; ( # 2 " & * I X r 8 * R _ > b V ~ V : g z / 7 s 5 . ? Q ? T y T ? F u l : & k . I 4 8 y d 7 , 6 M r o w B , N ^ \ s X { @ { W d = K L * # V U o ' ] & B Y 2 R h r w S P G % Z ( 6 I y i } O U C ; D Q % [ 4 } Y m B t / = 8 x & t ? d n L k Y p 3 W
q p K N k - i " : } ` 0 a ( _ x l ? ; 5 E 8 Y D H - b N E e A / 6 0 9 ) 2 j v Q 0 v j F < g A O [ 1 ~ m 2 3 b = \ ` q H j ( ' v c i ) l g < _ v \ 1 z V > t K y
1 ( > 4 Z ! Y D | n S * I { # 7 + > O n S _ f 2 ) k
L z q ! o W x G F > u d { + / \ D p F e X / 4 $ 5 k ^ w e Z + N 9 % J x w 2 3 Z w f j Z e $ L R | A 1 g > ^ + " 3 Z =
] [ s $ ` ' \ 8 @ tx x x x x x y y 4y Py ly y y y y y z (z = ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular
expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
-t is implied if PAGE_LENGTH <= 10. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read
standard input.
A field is a run of blanks (usually spaces and/or TABs), then non-blank
characters. Fields are skipped before chars.
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each CONV symbol may be:
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behavior
selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copy
fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s -12 file1 file2 Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
FORMAT controls the output. Interpreted sequences are:
%% a literal %
%a locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an
omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST is smaller than FIRST.
FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values.
INCREMENT is usually positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and
INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
If MODE is `0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
If MODE is `L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered.
This option is invalid with standard input.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed
if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit.
An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address
at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing.
For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal;
suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
If standard input is a terminal, redirect it from /dev/null.
If standard output is a terminal, append output to `nohup.out' if possible,
`$HOME/nohup.out' otherwise.
If standard error is a terminal, redirect it to standard output.
To save output to FILE, use `%s COMMAND > FILE'.
If the command times out, then exit with status 124. Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND. If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout. The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal. For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+',
print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise,
print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
K may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams (`tee' does
for e.g.) then that will override corresponding settings changed by `stdbuf'.
Also some filters (like `dd' and `cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O,
and are thus unaffected by `stdbuf' settings.
NOTE: [ honors the --help and --version options, but test does not.
test treats each of those as it treats any other nonempty STRING.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats.
Note that the -r and -s options are mutually exclusive.
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Note: 'uniq' does not detect repeated lines unless they are adjacent.
You may want to sort the input first, or use `sort -u' without `uniq'.
Also, comparisons honor the rules specified by `LC_COLLATE'.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
In this case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer
size set to MODE bytes.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none.
BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each
output line.
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
Report %s bugs to %s
Report bugs to: %s
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIGNAL may be a signal name like `HUP', or a signal number like `1',
or the exit status of a process terminated by a signal.
PID is an integer; if negative it identifies a process group.
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters:
`+' extend by, `-' reduce by, `<' at most, `>' at least,
`/' round down to multiple of, `%' round up to multiple of.
SIZE may be (or may be an integer optionally followed by) one of following:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N same as cols N
TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
a named character, ignoring high-order bit
c ASCII character or backslash escape
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The data are encoded as described for the base64 alphabet in RFC 3548.
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of
the formal base64 alphabet. Use --ignore-garbage to attempt to recover
from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream.
The following three options are useful only when verifying checksums:
--quiet don't print OK for each successfully verified file
--status don't output anything, status code shows success
-w, --warn warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination
locations you choose. If you want to download and install a ready-to-use
package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to
the existing DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.
In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both SET1 and SET2 appear.
-t may be used only when translating. SET2 is extended to length of
SET1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of SET2 are ignored. Only [:lower:] and [:upper:] are guaranteed to
expand in ascending order; used in SET2 while translating, they may
only be used in pairs to specify case conversion. -s uses SET1 if not
translating nor deleting; else squeezing uses SET2 and occurs after
translation or deletion.
Use one, and only one of -b, -c or -f. Each LIST is made up of one
range, or many ranges separated by commas. Selected input is written
in the same order that it is read, and is written exactly once.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
??? --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-f, --force do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare compare each pair of source and destination files, and
in some cases, do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory treat all arguments as directory names; create all
components of the specified directories
--batch-size=NMERGE merge at most NMERGE inputs at once;
for more use temp files
--block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks. See SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information)
with -l: show ctime and sort by name
otherwise: sort by ctime
--complement complement the set of selected bytes, characters
or fields
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-L, --max-line-length print the length of the longest line
-w, --words print the word counts
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the NUL-terminated file
names specified in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
--group-directories-first
group directories before files.
augment with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
--help display this help and exit
--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k like --block-size=1K
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--pid=PID with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent never output headers giving file names
--retry keep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by
name, i.e., with --follow=name
--preserve-context preserve SELinux security context
-Z, --context=CONTEXT set SELinux security context of files and directories
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's security context rather than specifying
a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
date and time to the indicated precision.
Date and time components are separated by
a single space: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRING set time described by STRING
-u, --utc, --universal print or set Coordinated Universal Time
--sort=WORD sort according to WORD:
general-numeric -g, human-numeric -h, month -M,
numeric -n, random -R, version -V
-V, --version-sort natural sort of (version) numbers within text
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--suffix=SUFF append SUFF to TEMPLATE. SUFF must not contain slash.
This option is implied if TEMPLATE does not end in X.
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMAT
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'
--time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is
FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
--verbose print a diagnostic just before each
output file is opened
--version output version information and exit
--all print the number of installed processors
--ignore=N if possible, exclude N processing units
Size Used Avail Use% Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Size Used Avail Use% -evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, all special
characters to their default values
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\' escapes interpreted,
except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%C century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 20)
%d day of month (e.g, 01)
%D date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
%z +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%:z +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
%:::z numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
%Z alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)
By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
--output-delimiter=STR separate columns with STR
--userspec=USER:GROUP specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--groups=G_LIST specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
-b, --bytes equivalent to `--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN] colorize the output. WHEN defaults to `always'
or can be `never' or `auto'. More info below
-d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents,
and do not dereference symbolic links
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format
(e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-L, --logical use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical avoid all symlinks
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-SSTRING, --sep-string[=STRING]
separate columns by STRING,
without -S: Default separator with -J and
otherwise (same as -S" "), no effect on column options
-t, --omit-header omit page headers and trailers
-T, --omit-pagination
omit page headers and trailers, eliminate any pagination
by form feeds set in input files
-v, --show-nonprinting
use octal backslash notation
-w, --width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters for
multiple text-column output only, -s[char] turns off (72)
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --page-width=PAGE_WIDTH
set page width to PAGE_WIDTH (72) characters always,
truncate lines, except -J option is set, no interference
with -S or -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of NAME to CTX
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each NAME to CTX
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all include dummy file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE use SIZE-byte blocks
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in (`sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-b, --suffix-format=FORMAT use sprintf FORMAT instead of %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFIX use PREFIX instead of `xx'
-k, --keep-files do not remove output files on errors
-c, --bytes=K output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K
to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K bytes of each file
-n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10;
with the leading `-', print all but the last
K lines of each file
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first check for sorted input; do not sort
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent like -c, but do not report first bad line
--compress-program=PROG compress temporaries with PROG;
decompress them with PROG -d
--files0-from=F read input from the files specified by
NUL-terminated names in file F;
If F is - then read names from standard input
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-c, --no-create do not create any files
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-d, --directory create a directory, not a file
-u, --dry-run do not create anything; merely print a name (unsafe)
-q, --quiet suppress diagnostics about file/dir-creation failure
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-e, --echo treat each ARG as an input line
-i, --input-range=LO-HI treat each number LO through HI as an input line
-n, --head-count=COUNT output at most COUNT lines
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --canonicalize canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively;
all but the last component must exist
-e, --canonicalize-existing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
all components must exist
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be
opened, remove it and try again (redundant if
the -n option is used)
-i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n
option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-f, --force change permissions to allow writing if necessary
-n, --iterations=N overwrite N times instead of the default (%d)
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-s, --size=N shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted)
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-g GID[,GID1...] also set the primary group-ID to the numeric GID, and
(if specified) supplemental group IDs to GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort compare according to general numerical value
-i, --ignore-nonprinting consider only printable characters
-M, --month-sort compare (unknown) < `JAN' < ... < `DEC'
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber do not reset line numbers at logical pages
-s, --number-separator=STRING add STRING after (possible) line number
-h, --header=HEADER
use a centered HEADER instead of filename in page header,
-h "" prints a blank line, don't use -h""
-i[CHAR[WIDTH]], --output-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
replace spaces with CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-J, --join-lines merge full lines, turns off -W line truncation, no column
alignment, --sep-string[=STRING] sets separators
-h, --human-numeric-sort compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-i, --interactive prompt whether to remove destinations
-L, --logical make hard links to symbolic link references
-n, --no-dereference treat destination that is a symlink to a
directory as if it were a normal file
-P, --physical make hard links directly to symbolic links
-s, --symbolic make symbolic links instead of hard links
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] start a key at POS1 (origin 1), end it at POS2
(default end of line)
-m, --merge merge already sorted files; do not sort
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --length=PAGE_LENGTH
set the page length to PAGE_LENGTH (66) lines
(default number of lines of text 56, and with -F 63)
-m, --merge print all files in parallel, one in each column,
truncate lines, but join lines of full length with -J
-l, --link link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --login print system login processes
-m, --canonicalize-missing canonicalize by following every symlink in
every component of the given name recursively,
without requirements on components existence
-n, --no-newline do not output the trailing newline
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose report error messages
-m, --mode=MODE set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed
-v, --verbose print a message for each created directory
-Z, --context=CTX set the SELinux security context of each created
directory to CTX
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --lines=K output the last K lines, instead of the last %d;
or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default %d) iterations
to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
(this is the usual case of rotated log files)
-n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides
a previous -i option)
-P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --numeric-sort compare according to string numerical value
-R, --random-sort sort by random hash of keys
--random-source=FILE get random bytes from FILE
-r, --reverse reverse the result of comparisons
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-n[SEP[DIGITS]], --number-lines[=SEP[DIGITS]]
number lines, use DIGITS (5) digits, then SEP (TAB),
default counting starts with 1st line of input file
-N, --first-line-number=NUMBER
start counting with NUMBER at 1st line of first
page printed (see +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGIN
offset each line with MARGIN (zero) spaces, do not
affect -w or -W, MARGIN will be added to PAGE_WIDTH
-r, --no-file-warnings
omit warning when a file cannot be opened
-o, --output=FILE write result to FILE instead of standard output
-s, --stable stabilize sort by disabling last-resort comparison
-S, --buffer-size=SIZE use SIZE for main memory buffer
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default:
mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible
additional attributes: context, links, xattr,
all
-p DIR use DIR as a prefix; implies -t [deprecated]
-t interpret TEMPLATE as a single file name component,
relative to a directory: $TMPDIR, if set; else the
directory specified via -p; else /tmp [deprecated]
-p, --parents remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., `rmdir -p a/b/c' is
similar to `rmdir a/b/c a/b a'
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every directory processed
-p, --preserve-timestamps apply access/modification times of SOURCE files
to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose print the name of each directory as it is created
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE display the last modification time of FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 output date and time in RFC 2822 format.
Example: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 -0600
-r, --reference=FILE use this FILE's size
-s, --size=SIZE use this SIZE
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-r, --reverse reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --sleep-interval=N with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
(default 1.0) between iterations
-v, --verbose always output headers giving file names
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-s[CHAR], --separator[=CHAR]
separate columns by a single character, default for CHAR
is the character without -w and 'no char' with -w
-s[CHAR] turns off line truncation of all 3 column
options (-COLUMN|-a -COLUMN|-m) except -w is set
-t sort by modification time
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
with -l: show access time and sort by name
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-u, --user=USER set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE set range RANGE in the target security context
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER first line number on each logical page
-w, --number-width=NUMBER use NUMBER columns for line numbers
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context print any SELinux security context of each file
-1 list one file per line
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
--max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
Processes in
an uninterruptible sleep state also contribute to the load average.
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
cio use concurrent I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
directory fail unless a directory
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics
noatime do not update access time
nocreat do not create the output file
excl fail if the output file already exists
notrunc do not truncate the output file
ucase change lower case to upper case
swab swap every pair of input bytes
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
noerror continue after read errors
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing
fsync likewise, but also write metadata
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %H:%M%P %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
??:???? Mounted on
TTY context=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s [-d] terminated abnormally %s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with a remote file. giving up on this name %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s has unusable, apparently negative size %s home page: <%s>
%s home page:
%s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s may be used only on a SELinux kernel %s was specified but %s was not %s%s argument `%s' too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: cannot skip %s: cannot skip to specified offset %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid number to ignore %s: invalid option -- '%c'
%s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: option '%c%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '%s' is ambiguous
%s: option '--%s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' doesn't allow an argument
%s: option '-W %s' is ambiguous
%s: option requires an argument -- '%c'
%s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: try to overwrite %s, overriding mode %04lo (%s)? %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: unrecognized option '%c%s'
%s: unrecognized option '--%s'
%s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: invalid zero-length file name %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS
version 3 clients
* compressed file systems
* log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
--%s argument %s too large --context (-Z) works only on an SELinux-enabled kernel --reflink can be used only with --sparse=auto -R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
????? Aborted Address family for hostname not supported Alarm clock All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Argument buffer too small Arnold Robbins Bad system call Bad value for ai_flags Brian Fox Broken pipe Bus error CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT CPU time limit exceeded Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the security context of each FILE to CONTEXT.
With --reference, change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
Chet Ramey Child exited Colin Plumb Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank number nonempty output lines
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends display $ at end of each line
-n, --number number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank suppress repeated empty output lines
Continued Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create a temporary file or directory, safely, and print its name.
TEMPLATE must contain at least 3 consecutive `X's in last component.
If TEMPLATE is not specified, use tmp.XXXXXXXXXX, and --tmpdir is implied.
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Diagnose invalid or unportable file names.
-p check for most POSIX systems
-P check for empty names and leading "-"
--portability check for all POSIX systems (equivalent to -p -P)
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
Dmitry V. Levin Drop any supplemental groups, assume the user-ID and group-ID of the specified
USER (numeric ID or user name), and run COMMAND with any specified ARGUMENTs.
Exit with status 111 if unable to assume the required user and group ID.
Otherwise, exit with the exit status of COMMAND.
This program is useful only when run by root (user ID zero).
EMT trap EXIT Each range is one of:
N N'th byte, character or field, counted from 1
N- from N'th byte, character or field, to end of line
N-M from N'th to M'th (included) byte, character or field
-M from first to M'th (included) byte, character or field
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Eric Blake Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED FIXME: unknown FORMAT must be suitable for printing one argument of type `double';
it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point
decimal numbers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise.
Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. File size limit exceeded Filesystem Filesystem Type Filter adjacent matching lines from INPUT (or standard input),
writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
With no options, matching lines are merged to the first occurrence.
Floating point exception For complete documentation, run: info coreutils '%s invocation'
For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
General help using GNU software:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Hangup I/O possible IDLE Ian Lance Taylor Idle If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Illegal instruction In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies
of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a shredded file
to be recovered later.
In real life: In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME.
In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory.
In the 3rd and 4th forms, create links to each TARGET in DIRECTORY.
Create hard links by default, symbolic links with --symbolic.
When creating hard links, each TARGET must exist. Symbolic links
can hold arbitrary text; if later resolved, a relative link is
interpreted in relation to its parent directory.
In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies
(and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal mode,
which journals file data in addition to just metadata. In both the
data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes, shred works as usual.
Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option
to the mount options for a particular file system in the /etc/fstab file,
as documented in the mount man page (man mount).
Infinity B Information request Interrupt Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Killed LINE LOGIN List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Option --string without a number implies 3; option --width without a number
implies 32. By default, od uses -A o -t oS -w16.
Ordering options:
Other options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output platform dependent limits in a format useful for shell scripts.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Packaged by %s
Packaged by %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Plan:
Power failure Premature end of regular expression Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print checksum and block counts for each FILE.
-r use BSD sum algorithm, use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
Print group memberships for each USERNAME or, if no USERNAME is specified, for
the current process (which may differ if the groups database has changed).
Print information about users who are currently logged in.
Print machine architecture.
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the current time, the length of time the system has been up,
the number of users on the system, and the average number of jobs
in the run queue over the last 1, 5 and 15 minutes. Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the number of processing units available to the current process,
which may be less than the number of online processors
Print the prime factors of each specified integer NUMBER. If none
are specified on the command line, read them from standard input.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Print user and group information for the specified USERNAME,
or (when USERNAME omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
Print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name
Processing request in progress Profiling timer expired Project: Q. Frank Xia Quit Randy Smith Real-time signal %d Reformat each paragraph in the FILE(s), writing to standard output.
The option -WIDTH is an abbreviated form of --width=DIGITS.
Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure that is solely because a directory
is non-empty
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Report %s bugs to: %s
Report %s translation bugs to
Request canceled Request not canceled Resource lost Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Run a program in a different security context.
With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current security context.
CONTEXT Complete security context
-c, --compute compute process transition context before modifying
-t, --type=TYPE type (for same role as parent)
-u, --user=USER user identity
-r, --role=ROLE role
-l, --range=RANGE levelrange
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Segmentation fault Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
-i, --ignore-environment start with an empty environment
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-u, --unset=NAME remove variable from the environment
Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost.
If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and the extended part (hole)
reads as zero bytes.
Simon Josefsson Special files require major and minor device numbers. Stack fault Stopped Stopped (signal) Stopped (tty input) Stopped (tty output) Stuart Kemp Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution Terminated The following optional flags may follow `%':
- (hyphen) do not pad the field
_ (underscore) pad with spaces
0 (zero) pad with zeros
^ use upper case if possible
# use opposite case if possible
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Torbjorn Granlund Trace/breakpoint trap Trailing backslash Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.
-c, -C, --complement use the complement of SET1
-d, --delete delete characters in SET1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats replace each input sequence of a repeated character
that is listed in SET1 with a single occurrence
of that character
-t, --truncate-set1 first truncate SET1 to length of SET2
Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when both deleting and squeezing repeats. Two strings must be given when translating. Ulrich Drepper Unknown error Unknown signal %d Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h
is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to
change the times of the file associated with standard output.
Urgent I/O condition Usage: %s
Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
or: %s [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args]
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s OPTION... COMMAND
Usage: %s OPTION... FILE...
Usage: %s OPTION... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Usage: %s [-WIDTH] [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
Usage: %s [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Base64 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print or check %s (%d-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [PREFIX]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [TEMPLATE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [VARIABLE]...
Print the values of the specified environment VARIABLE(s).
If no VARIABLE is specified, print name and value pairs for them all.
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... USER COMMAND [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
or: %s LONG-OPTION
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
User defined signal 1 User defined signal 2 Using -s ignores -L and -P. Otherwise, the last option specified controls
behavior when the source is a symbolic link, defaulting to %s.
Valid arguments are: Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks in file system
%c Total file nodes in file system
%d Free file nodes in file system
%f Free blocks in file system
%C SELinux security context string
Virtual timer expired WARNING: --page-increment is deprecated; use --line-increment instead WARNING: --preserve_context is deprecated; use --preserve-context instead WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
WARNING: ignoring --context (-Z); this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --preserve-context; this kernel is not SELinux-enabled WARNING: ignoring --strip-program option as -s option was not specified Warning: When Where Window changed With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which
means that even if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track
its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log
rotation). Use --follow=name in that case. That causes tail to track the
named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation.
Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields appending output to %s backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both SI and IEC prefixes present on units both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large can't apply partial context to unlabeled file %s can't get process context cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine --target-directory (-t) and --no-target-directory (-T) cannot combine --target-directory and --no-target-directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot create temporary file in %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot determine location of %s. reverting to polling cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot force target context to %s and preserve it cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot operate on dangling symlink %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot perform formatted output cannot preserve extended attributes, cp is built without xattr support cannot preserve security context without an SELinux-enabled kernel cannot print "only" of more than one choice cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot print security context when user specified cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot read table of mounted file systems cannot remove %s cannot remove directory: %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot run %s cannot set %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify --null (-0) with command cannot specify both printing across and printing in parallel cannot specify number of columns when printing in parallel cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot stat standard input cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot unset %s cannot watch %s cannot watch parent directory of %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s changing security context of %s
character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clearing permissions for %s clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input compatibility mode supports at most one file conflicting empty-field replacement strings conflicting security context specifiers given could not set buffering of %s to mode %s
couldn't create process for %s -d couldn't create temporary file couldn't execute %s couldn't execute %s -d couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s delimiter list ends with an unescaped backslash: %s directory division by zero dup2 failed empty %s not allowed empty file name empty tab error closing file error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error initializing month strings error monitoring inotify event error reading %s error reading inotify event error waiting for command error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
extra operand %s not allowed with -%c failed to change context of %s to %s failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to clone %s failed to compute a new context failed to create directory via template %s failed to create file via template %s failed to create security context: %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to get current context failed to get file system create context failed to get groups for the current process failed to get groups for user %s failed to get security context of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null failed to remove %s failed to remove directory %s failed to render standard input unusable failed to reopen %s with mode %s failed to restore the default file creation context failed to return to initial working directory failed to run command %s failed to set %s security context component to %s failed to set additional groups failed to set default file creation context to %s failed to set group-ID failed to set new range %s failed to set new role %s failed to set new type %s failed to set new user %s failed to set supplemental group(s) failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to set the security context of %s to %s failed to set user-ID failed to stat %s failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s failed to update the environment with %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fields and positions are numbered from 1 fifo file %d is not in sorted order file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from file operands cannot be combined with --print-database (-p) file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format %s ends in %% format %s has no %% directive format %s has too many %% directives format %s has unknown %%%c directive format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_close failed fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password inotify cannot be used, reverting to polling input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid %s%s argument `%s' invalid --%s argument %s invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid buffering mode %s for %s
invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid context: %s invalid conversion invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid decreasing range invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid group list %s invalid group: %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input flag invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid output flag invalid page range %s invalid precision: %s invalid range with no endpoint: - invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid status flag invalid suffix %s, contains directory separator invalid suffix in %s%s argument `%s' invalid tab size: %s invalid template, %s, contains directory separator invalid template, %s; with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line buffering stdin is meaningless line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow maximum --%s argument with current rlimit is %s memory exhausted message queue minimum --%s argument is %s misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple compress programs specified multiple delimiters specified multiple levelranges multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple relative modifiers specified multiple roles multiple target directories specified multiple types multiple users neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no command specified no file systems processed no files remaining no input from %s no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty not writing through dangling symlink %s number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options --backup and --no-clobber are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --preserve-timestamps are mutually exclusive options --compare (-C) and --strip are mutually exclusive options `-%s' are incompatible output file suffixes exhausted overflow extending size of file %s overflow rounding up size of file %s ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page number overflow page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large redirecting stderr to stdout regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stderr stdin stdout stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed strip process terminated abnormally suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error system boot tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --compare (-C) option is ignored when you specify a mode with non-permission bits the --context (-Z) option is obsolete and will be removed
in a future release the --quiet option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the argument %s lacks a leading `+';
when using an option to specify date(s), any non-option
argument must be a format string beginning with `+' the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strings compared were %s and %s the strip option may not be used when installing a directory the untransformed string was %s time %s is out of range to use user-ID %s you need to use -g too too few X's in template %s too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines too many templates total traversal failed: %s typed memory object uid=%lu unable to display error message unable to record current working directory unable to set security context %s unexpected failure: fts_info=%d: %s
please report to %s unknown binary operator unknown status from command (0x%X) unknown stream unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s up %ld day %2d:%02d, up %ld days %2d:%02d, up ???? days ??:??, use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using %s to denote standard input does not work in file system mode using arbitrary-precision arithmetic using restricted shell %s using single-precision arithmetic waiting for %s [-d] waiting for strip warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: %s: failed to change context to %s warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: an unescaped backslash at end of string is not portable warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid file offset after failed read warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the --%s option is obsolete; use --reference warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not copy %s through just-created symlink %s will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory with --suffix, template %s must end in X write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, or context you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields you must specify one of %s or %s Project-Id-Version: GNU coreutils 8.4
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2010-03-12 21:08+0100
Last-Translator: Giorgio Catanzaro
Language-Team: Italian
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);
( ESPRESSIONE ) ESPRESSIONE è vera
! ESPRESSIONE ESPRESSIONE è falsa
ESPRESSIONE1 -a ESPRESSIONE2 sia ESPRESSIONE1 che ESPRESSIONE2 sono vere
ESPRESSIONE1 -o ESPRESSIONE2 o ESPRESSIONE1 o ESPRESSIONE2 è vera
--check-order controlla che l'input sia ordinato correttamente, anche
se tutte le righe in input possono essere accoppiate
--nocheck-order non controlla che l'input sia ordinato correttamente
-1 elimina la colonna 1 (righe presenti solo in FILE1)
-2 elimina la colonna 2 (righe presenti solo in FILE2)
-3 elimina la colonna 3 (righe presenti in entrambi i file)
-a, --all come -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot orario dell'ultimo boot del sistema
-d, --dead stampa i processi morti
-H, --heading stampa la riga di intestazione delle colonne
-b FILE FILE esiste ed è speciale a blocchi
-c FILE FILE esiste ed è speciale a caratteri
-d FILE FILE esiste ed è una directory
-e FILE FILE esiste
-l genera il formato di output lungo per gli UTENTI indicati
-b omette l'home directory e la shell nel formato lungo
-h omette il file del progetto dell'utente nel formato lungo
-p omette il file del piano dell'utente nel formato lungo
-s usa il formato breve, è l'opzione predefinita
-n STRINGA la lunghezza di STRINGA non è zero
STRINGA equivale a -n STRINGA
-z STRINGA la lunghezza di STRINGA è zero
STRINGA1 = STRINGA2 le stringhe sono uguali
STRINGA1 != STRINGA2 le stringhe sono diverse
ARG1 * ARG2 prodotto aritmetico di ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 quoziente aritmetico di ARG1 diviso ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 resto aritmetico di ARG1 diviso ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 somma aritmetica di ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 differenza aritmetica di ARG1 e ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 è minore di ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 è minore o uguale ad ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 è uguale ad ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 è diverso da ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 è maggiore o uguale ad ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 è maggiore di ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 e FILE2 hanno gli stessi numeri di device e di inode
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 è più nuovo (data di modifica) di FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 è più vecchio di FILE2
INTERO copia fino a, senza includere il numero di riga specificato
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copia fino a, senza includere la riga specificata
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] salta a, senza includere la riga specificata
{INTERO} ripete il modello precedente per un numero di volte specificato
{*} ripete il modello precedente quante più volte possibile
Una riga OFFSET è costituita dal carattere "+" o "-" seguito da un numero intero positivo.
INTERO1 -eq INTERO2 INTERO1 è uguale INTERO2
INTERO1 -ge INTERO2 INTERO1 è maggiore o uguale a INTERO2
INTERO1 -gt INTERO2 INTERO1 è maggiore di INTERO2
INTERO1 -le INTERO2 INTERO1 è minore o uguale a INTERO2
INTERO1 -lt INTERO2 INTERO1 è minore di INTERO2
INTERO1 -ne INTERO2 INTERO1 non è uguale a INTERO2
STRINGA : REGEXP ricerca ancorata del modello REGEXP nella STRINGA
match STRINGA REGEXP come STRINGA : REGEXP
substr STRINGA POS LUNG sottostringa della STRINGA, POS è contata da 1
index STRINGA CAR posizione nella STRINGA di uno dei CAR, se
trovato, o 0
length STRINGA lunghezza della STRINGA
a numera tutte le righe
t numera solo le righe non vuote
n non numera nessuna riga
pBRE numera solo le righe che corrispondono all'espressione regolare
di base BRE
FORMATO è uno di:
ln giustificato a sinistra, senza zeri iniziali
rn giustificato a destra, senza zeri iniziali
rz giustificato a destra, con zeri iniziali
b crea un file speciale a blocchi (bufferizzato)
c, u crea un file speciale a caratteri (non bufferizzato)
p crea un FIFO
# utenti=%lu
-t è implicito se LUNGH_PAG <= 10. Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge
lo standard input.
Un campo è una sequenza di spazi (di solito spazi o tabulazioni), seguita da caratteri
non spazi. I campi vengono saltati prima dei caratteri.
Una versione leggera di «finger»; stampa informazioni sugli utenti.
Il file utmp sarà %s.
Un semplice - implica -i. Se manca COMANDO, stampa l'ambiente risultante.
Un semplice - implica -l. Se UTENTE non è specificato, assume root.
Dopo qualsiasi flag segue un campo lunghezza opzionale, come numero decimale;
poi un modificatore opzionale, che può essere
E per usare rappresentazioni localizzate alternative, se definite, o
O per usare la rappresentazione localizzata alternativa per i simboli numerici, se definita.
Un'ESPRESSIONE omessa restituisce falso. Altrimenti,
ESPRESSIONE è vera o falsa e imposta lo stato d'uscita. È uno tra:
Come caso particolare, cp fa un backup di ORIGINE quando sono usate le opzioni
force e backup e ORIGINE e DEST sono lo stesso nome di un file regolare già
esistente.
BLOCCHI e BYTE possono essere seguiti da uno di questi suffissi moltiplicatori:
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024 e così via per T, P, E, Z e Y.
Ogni simbolo CONV può essere:
Si noti che molti operatori devono essere preceduti da "\" (escaped) o
protetti da apici a causa delle shell. I confronti sono aritmetici se
entrambi gli ARG sono numeri, altrimenti sono lessicografici. I modelli
restituiscono la stringa corrispondente tra \( e \) oppure nulla; se
\( e \) non sono usati, restituiscono il numero di caratteri corrispondenti
oppure 0.
Sia MAJOR che MINOR devono essere specificati quando TIPO è b, c o u, e
devono essere omessi quando TIPO è p. Se MAJOR o MINOR inizia con 0x o 0X,
è interpretato come esadecimale; altrimenti, se inizia con 0, come ottale;
altrimenti, come decimale. TIPO può essere:
In modo predefinito, rm non rimuove le directory. Usare l'opzione --recursive
(-r o -R) per rimuovere ogni directory elencata, insieme ai suoi contenuti.
In modo predefinito, seleziona -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC sono
due caratteri di delimitazione per separare le pagine logiche, un secondo
carattere mancante implica :. Digitare \\ per \. STILE è uno di:
Normalmente, i file ORIGINE sparsi sono individuati da un'euristica
approssimativa e sono resi sparsi anche i file DEST corrispondenti.
Questo è il comportamento selezionabile con --sparse=auto. Specificare
--sparse=always per creare un file DEST sparso ogni qualvolta il
file ORIGINE contiene una sequenza abbastanza lunga di byte zero.
Usare --sparse=never per inibire la creazione dei file sparsi.
Quando è specificato --reflink[=always], esegue una copia leggera, dove i
blocchi dei dati sono copiati solo se modificati. Se questo non è possibile, la copia
fallisce o, se è specificato --reflink=auto, ritorna a una copia standard.
Impostazioni combinazione:
* [-]LCASE come [-]lcase
cbreak come -icanon
-cbreak come icanon
Impostazioni di controllo:
[-]clocal disabilita i segnali di controllo del modem
[-]cread permette la ricezione dell'input
* [-]crtscts abilita l'handshaking RTS/CTS
csN imposta a N bit la dimensione dei caratteri, N tra 5 e 8
I valori mostrati sono nelle unità della prima DIMensione disponibile da --block-size,
e dalle variabili di ambiente %s_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE e BLOCKSIZE.
Altrimenti, le unità sono predefinite a 1024 byte (o 512 se è impostata POSIXLY_CORRECT).
Ciascun simbolo FLAG può essere:
append modalità append (ha senso solo per l'output; suggerito conv=notrunc)
Ogni MODO è nella forma "[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+".
Esempi:
%s -12 file1 file2 Stampa solo le righe presenti in entrambi file1 e file2.
%s -3 file1 file2 Stampa le righe in file1 non in file2, e viceversa.
Esempi:
%s /usr/bin/sort Stampa "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Stampa "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Stampa "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Stampa ".".
Esempi:
%s f - g Mostra il contenuto di f, poi dello standard input e poi il contenuto di g.
%s Copia lo standard input nello standard output.
Esempi:
%s root /u Cambia il proprietario di /u in "root".
%s root:staff /u Analogo, ma cambia anche il gruppo in "staff".
%s -hR root /u Cambia il proprietario di /u e dei file contenuti in "root".
Esempi:
%s staff /u Cambia il gruppo di /u in "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Cambia il gruppo di /u e dei file contenuti in esso in "staff".
Eccetto che per -h e -L, tutte le operazioni sui FILE seguono i collegamenti simbolici
Si noti che le parentesi hanno bisogno di essere protette (p.es. con backslash) dalla shell.
INTERO può anche essere -l STRINGA, che è assume la lunghezza di STRINGA.
Lo stato di uscita è 0 se ESPRESSIONE non è null o 0, 1 se ESPRESSIONE è null
oppure 0, 2 se ESPRESSIONE non è valida sintatticamente e 3 se è avvenuto un errore.
Stato di uscita:
0 se OK,
1 per problemi minori (es.: impossibile accedere alla sottodirectory),
2 per problemi seri (es.: impossibile accedere all'argomento della riga di comando).
FORMATO controlla l'output come in printf del C. Le sequenze interpretate sono:
\" virgolette doppie
FORMATO controlla l'output. Le sequenze interpretate sono:
%% un % letterale
%a nome localizzato abbreviato del giorno della settimana (es.: dom)
Gestisce la linea tty connessa allo standard input. Senza argomenti stampa
il baud rate, la disciplina di linea, e le differenze da stty sane. Nelle
impostazioni, CAR è preso letteralmente o codificato come in ^c, 0x37, 0177
o 127; i valori speciali ^- o undef sono usati per disabilitare i caratteri
speciali.
Se è attivo -e, sono riconosciute le seguenti sequenze:
Se FILE è -, distrugge lo standard output.
Elimina i file solo se è specificato --remove (-u). È predefinito non farlo
perché è normale operare su file di dispositivi come /dev/hda, che normalmente non
devono essere rimossi. Quando si opera su file regolari, la maggior parte delle
persone usano l'opzione --remove.
Se FILE non è specificato, usa %s. È comune usare %s come FILE.
Se sono dati ARG1 e ARG2, è assunto -m: "am i" o "mom likes" sono comuni.
Se FILE è specificato, viene letto per determinare quali colori usare per i
diversi tipi di file ed estensioni. Altrimenti è usato un database
precompilato. Per conoscere i dettagli sul formato di questi file, eseguire
«dircolors --print-database».
Se PRIMO o INCREMENTO sono omessi, il valore predefinito è 1. Cioè, se
INCREMENTO è omesso, è predefinito a 1 anche se ULTIMO è più piccolo di PRIMO.
PRIMO, ULTIMO e INCREMENTO sono interpretati come valori in virgola mobile.
INCREMENTO è normalmente positivo se PRIMO è minore di ULTIMO, e
INCREMENTO è normalmente negativo se PRIMO è maggiore di ULTIMO.
Se MODE è "0" non sarà eseguito il buffering sul flusso corrispondente.
Se MODO è "L" verrà eseguito il buffering sul flusso corrispondente.
L'opzione non è valida per lo standard input.
Se un FILE corrisponde a -, effettua una nuova copia sullo standard output.
Se sono applicabili sia il primo che il secondo formato di chiamata, si assume il secondo
se l'ultimo operando inizia con un + o (se ci sono due operandi) con una cifra.
Un operando OFFSET significa -j OFFSET. ETICH è il pseudo-indirizzo
al primo byte stampato, incrementato quando il dump è in corso.
Per OFFSET e ETICH, un prefisso 0x o 0X significa esadecimale;
i suffissi possono essere . per ottale e b per multipli di 512.
Se non è dato alcun comando, esegue «${SHELL} -i» (predefinita: /bin/sh).
Se lo standard input è un terminale, lo redirige da /dev/null.
Se lo standard output è un terminale, appende l'output a «nohup.out» se possibile,
altrimenti a «$HOME/nohup.out».
Se lo standard error è un terminale, lo redirige sullo standard output.
Per salvare l'output su un FILE, usare «%s COMANDO > FILE».
Se scade il tempo del comando, allora esce con lo stato 124,
altrimenti esce con lo stato di COMANDO. Se non è specificato alcun segnale,
è inviato il segnale TERM. Il segnale TERM uccide ogni processo che non
blocca o cattura questo segnale. Per altri processi, può essere necessario
usare il segnale KILL (9), dato che questo segnale non può essere catturato.
Se il primo carattere di K (il numero di byte o righe) è un "+",
stampa iniziando con il K-esimo elemento dall'inizio di ciascun file, altrimenti
stampa gli ultimi K elementi nel file. K può avere un suffisso moltiplicativo:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, e così via per T, P, E, Z, Y.
Impostazioni dell'input:
[-]brkint i break causano un segnale di interrupt
[-]icrnl converte i ritorno carrello in ritorno a capo
[-]ignbrk ignora i caratteri di break
[-]igncr ignora i ritorno carrello
K può avere un suffisso moltiplicatore:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, e così via per T, P, E, Z, Y.
Licenza GPLv3+: GNU GPL versione 3 o successive
Questo è software libero: è possibile modificarlo e ridistribuirlo.
Non c'è ALCUNA GARANZIA, nei limiti permessi dalla legge.
Impostazioni locali:
[-]crterase fa l'echo dei caratteri di erase come
backspace-spazio-backspace
* crtkill cancella tutte le righe obbedendo alle impostazioni
echoprt e echoe
* -crtkill cancella tutte le righe obbedendo alle impostazioni
echoctl e echok
NOTA: Se COMANDO aggiusta il buffering dei suoi flussi standard («tee» per
esempio) allora verranno ignorate le impostazioni corrispondenti cambiate da «stdbuf».
Inoltre alcuni filtri (come «dd», «cat» etc.) non usano i flussi per l'I/O,
e così non sono interessati dalle impostazioni di «stdbuf».
NOTA: [ gestisce le opzioni --help e --version, ma test no.
test le gestisce come se trattasse qualsiasi altra STRINGA non vuota.
NOTA: la shell può avere la sua versione di %s che di solito sostituisce
la versione descritta qui. Fare riferimento alla documentazione della shell
per i dettagli sulle opzioni supportate.
Notare che le opzioni -d e -t accettano differenti formati di orario e data.
Notare che le opzioni -r e -s sono mutualmente esclusive.
Notare che i confronti rispettano le regole specificate da "LC_COLLATE".
Nota: «uniq» non trova righe ripetute a meno che non siano adiacenti.
Si consiglia di ordinare prima l'input o di usare «sort -u» senza «uniq».
Inoltre, i confronti rispettano le regole specificate da "LC_COLLATE".
Un - opzionale prima di un'IMPOSTAZIONE indica la negazione. Un * indica le
impostazioni non POSIX. Il sistema sottostante definisce quali impostazioni
sono disponibili.
Altrimenti MODO è un numero che può essere seguito da uno dei seguenti suffissi:
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, e così via per G, T, P, E, Z e Y.
In questo caso l'operazione di buffering del flusso corrispondente verrà fatta con
un buffer di dimensione MODO byte.
Impostazioni dell'output:
* bsN stile del ritardo di backspace, N in [0..1]
* crN stile del ritardo del ritorno carrello, N in [0..3]
* ffN stile del ritardo dell'avanzamento pagina, N in [0..1]
* nlN stile del ritardo del ritorno a capo, N in [0..1]
Il proprietario resta immutato se mancante. Il gruppo resta immutato se
mancante, ma cambiato al gruppo di accesso se reso implicito da un ":"
che segue un PROPRIETARIO simbolico.
PROPRIETARIO e GRUPPO possono essere sia numerici che simbolici.
POS equivale a F[.C][OPZ], dove F è il numero del campo e C la posizione del
carattere nel campo; entrambi hanno origine in 1. Se sia -t che -b non sono attivi
i caratteri nel campo vengono contati dall'inizio dello spazio bianco precedente.
OPZ rappresenta una o più opzioni di ordinamento a lettera singola che
rimpiazzano le opzioni di ordinamento globali per quella chiave. Se non
è fornita alcuna chiave è usata l'intera linea come chiave.
DIM può essere seguita dai seguenti suffissi moltiplicativi:
Stampa sullo standard output il valore dell'ESPRESSIONE. Qui sotto, una riga
vuota separa gruppi di operatori con precedenza crescente.
ESPRESSIONE può essere:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 se non è nullo o 0, altrimenti ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 se nessun argomento è nullo o 0, altrimenti 0
RADICE è d per decimale, o per ottale, x per esadecimale o n per nulla.
BYTE è esadecimale con il prefisso 0x or 0X, e può avere un suffisso moltiplicatore:
b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024,
GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, e così via per T, P, E, Z, Y.
Aggiungendo un suffisso z a ogni tipo mostra i caratteri stampabili alla fine di ciascuna
riga di output.
Legge da standard input se FILE è -. Ogni MODELLO può essere:
Segnalare i bug di %s a <%s>
Segnalare i bug a: <%s>
Segnalare i bug di traduzione a:
I SET sono specificati come stringhe di caratteri. La maggior parte rappresentano loro stessi.
Le sequenze interpretate sono:
\NNN carattere con valore ottale NNN (da 1 a 3 cifre ottali)
\\ backslash
\a beep udibile
\b backspace
\f avanzamento pagina
\n nuova riga
\r ritorno a capo
\t tabulazione orizzontale
SEGNALE può essere il nome di un segnale come "HUP" o il numero di un segnale
come "1" oppure lo stato di uscita di un processo terminato da un segnale.
PID è un intero; se è negativo indica un gruppo di processi.
DIM è un numero. Se TIPO è tra doux, DIM può anche essere C per
sizeof(char), S per sizeof(short), I per sizeof(int) oppure L per
sizeof(long). Se TIPO è f, DIM può essere F per sizeof(float), D
per sizeof(double) o L per sizeof(long double).
DIM può anche avere come prefisso uno dei seguenti caratteri di modifica:
"+" esteso di, "-" ridotto di, "<" al più, ">" almeno,
"/" arrotondato in difetto a multipli di, "%" arrotondato in eccesso a multipli di.
DIM può essere uno dei seguenti (o opzionalmente un intero seguito da):
KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, e così via per G, T, P, E, Z e Y.
Mandando un segnale %s ad un processo di «dd» attivo vengono mostrate statistiche di I/O sullo standard error; in seguito verrà ripresa la copia.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 record in
18335302+0 record out
9387674624 byte (9,4 GB) copiati, 34,6279 s, 271 MB/s
Le opzioni sono:
Caratteri speciali:
* dsusp CAR CAR invierà un segnale di stop del terminale dopo il flush dell'input
eof CAR CAR invierà un fine file (termina l'input)
eol CAR CAR terminerà la riga
Impostazioni speciali:
N imposta a N baud le velocità di input e output
* cols N dice al kernel che il terminale ha N colonne
* columns N come cols N
TIPO è composto di una o più di queste specifiche:
a carattere con nome, ignorando il bit più alto
c carattere ASCII o protetto da backslash
Il suffisso dei backup è "~", a meno che sia impostato con --suffix oppure
SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. Il metodo di controllo di versione può essere scelto
con l'opzione --backup o la variabile di ambiente VERSION_CONTROL. I valori
sono:
I dati sono codificati come descritto nella RFC 3548 per l'alfabeto base64.
In fase di decodifica, l'input può contenere caratteri di fine riga in
aggiunta ai byte di un formale alfabeto base64. Usare --ignore-garbage per
tentare di continuare dopo altri byte non alfabetici nel flusso codificato.
Le seguenti tre opzioni risultano utili solo quando si verificano i codici di controllo:
--quiet non stampa OK per ogni file verificato con successo
--status non restituisce nulla, il codice di stato mostra il successo
-w, --warn avvisa della formattazione errata delle righe del codice di controllo
Le somme sono calcolate come descritto in %s. Durante il controllo, l'input
deve essere un precedente output di questo programma. La modalità predefinita è stampare
una riga con il codice di controllo, un carattere indicante il tipo ("*" per binario, " " per
testo) e il nome per ogni FILE.
Sequenze di formato valido per i file (senza --file-system):
%a Diritti di accesso in ottale
%A Diritti di accesso in formato leggibile
%b Numero di blocchi allocati (consultare %B)
%B La dimensione in byte di ciascun blocco riportata da %b
%C Stringa del contesto di sicurezza SELinux
Questo programma di installazione copia i file (spesso appena compilati)
nelle destinazioni scelte. Se si vuole scaricare e installare un pacchetto
pronto all'uso su un sistema GNU/Linux, si dovrebbe usare un gestore di pacchetti
come yum(1) o apt-get(1).
Nelle prime tre forme, copia ORIGINE in DEST o ORIGINE multipli nella DIRECTORY
esistente, impostando contemporaneamente i permessi e il proprietario/gruppo.
Nella quarta forma, crea tutti i componenti per ogni DIRECTORY indicata.
Per rimuovere un file il cui nome inizia con "-", per esempio «-foo»,
usare uno di questi comandi:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Le specifiche di formato tradizionale possono essere mescolate e si sommano:
-a come -t a, seleziona i caratteri con nome, ignorando il bit di ordine più alto
-b come -t o1, seleziona byte ottali
-c come -t c, seleziona caratteri ASCII o protetti da backslash
-d come -t u2, seleziona unità da due byte decimali senza segno
La traduzione avviene se non è dato -d e sono presenti sia SET1 che SET2.
-t può essere usato solo quando si traduce. SET2 è esteso alla lunghezza di
SET1 ripetendo il suo ultimo carattere quando necessario. I caratteri di SET2 in
eccesso sono ignorati. È garantita l'espansione in ordine crescente solo
con [:lower:] e [:upper:]; usati in SET2 durante la traduzione, possono
solo essere impiegati in coppie per specificare la conversione maiuscolo-minuscolo.
-s usa SET1 se non traduce e non cancella; altrimenti la compressione usa
SET2 e si verifica dopo la traduzione o la cancellazione.
Usare uno solo tra -b, -c o -f. Ogni LISTA è costituita da un intervallo unico
o da più intervalli separati da virgole. I dati selezionati in ingresso
sono scritti soltanto una volta nello stesso ordine in cui sono letti.
L'uso dei colori per distingure i tipi di file è disabilitato sia in modo predefinito che
con --color=never. Con --color=auto, ls emette i codici di colore solo se lo
standard output è connesso a un terminale. La variabile di ambiente LS_COLORS
può cambiare queste impostazioni. Usare il comando dircolors per impostarla.
Se FILE non è specificato o se FILE è -, legge lo standard input. «-F /» è il predefinito.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Senza opzioni, genera un output a tre colonne. La prima colonna contiene
le righe presenti solo nel FILE1, la seconda contiene le righe presenti solo
nel FILE2, e la terza contiene le righe comuni ad entrambi i file.
Senza alcuna OPZIONE, stampa alcune utili informazioni identificative.
Scrive una rappresentazione non ambigua, in modo predefinito in byte ottali,
di FILE sullo standard output. Con più di un argomento FILE,
li concatena nell'ordine elencato per formare l'input.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
??? --backup=[CONTROL] fa un backup di ogni file di destinazione esistente
-b come --backup ma non accetta argomenti
-f, --force sovrascrive le destinazioni esistenti senza chiedere
-i, --interactive chiede prima di sovrascrivere
-n, --no-clobber non sovrascrive un file esistente
Se viene specificato più di uno tra -i, -f, -n, solo l'ultimo ha effetto.
--backup[=CONTROL] fa il backup di ogni file di destinazione esistente
-b come --backup ma non accetta un argomento
-d, -F, --directory permette al superutente di creare collegamenti fisici
alle directory (nota: per restrizioni di sistema,
può fallire anche ai superuser)
-f, --force rimuove i file di destinazione esistenti
--backup=[CONTROL] fa un backup di ogni file di destinazione esistente
-b come --backup ma non accetta un argomento
-c (ignorato)
-C, --compare confronta ogni coppia di file sorgente e destinazione e,
in alcuni casi, non modifica la destinazione
-d, --directory tratta tutti gli argomenti come nomi di directory; crea
tutti i componenti delle directory specificate
--batch-size=NUM unisce al massimo NUM input contemporaneamente;
per un numero maggiore usare file temporanei
--block-size=DIM usa blocchi lunghi DIM byte. Consultare il formato di DIM in basso
-B, --ignore-backups non elenca le voci che terminano con ~
-c con -lt: mostra e ordina secondo il ctime (ora
di modifica delle informazioni di stato del file)
con -l: mostra il ctime e ordina secondo il nome
altrimenti: ordina secondo il ctime
--complement complementa l'insieme dei byte, caratteri
o campi selezionati
--files0-from=F legge l'input dai file specificati
dai nomi nel file F (terminati con NUL);
se F è -, legge i nomi dallo standard input
-L, --max-line-length stampa la lunghezza della riga più lunga
-w, --words stampa il numero di parole
--files0-from=F riassume l'uso del disco dei file specificati
nel file F (terminati con NUL);
se F è -, legge i nomi dallo standard input
-H equivalente a --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable stampa le dimensioni in formato leggibile (es.: 1K 234M 2G)
--si come -h, ma usa potenze di 1000 non 1024
--group-directories-first
raggruppa le directory prima dei file.
Più efficace con un'opzione --sort, ma l'uso
di --sort=none (-U) disabilita il raggruppamento
--help mostra questo aiuto ed esce
--indicator-style=TIPO accoda ai nomi delle voci l'indicatore con lo stile TIPO:
none (predefinito), slash (-p),
file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode stampa il numero d'indice di ogni file
-I, --ignore=MODELLO non elenca le voci corrispondenti al MODELLO della shell
-k come --block-size=1K
-l, --lookup cerca di canonicalizzare i nomi host con il DNS
-m solo il nome host e l'utente associato a stdin
-p, --process stampa i processi attivi figli di init
--no-preserve-root non tratta "/" in modo speciale
--preserve-root non rimuove "/" (predefinito)
-r, -R, --recursive rimuove ricorsivamente le directory e i loro contenuti
-v, --verbose spiega cosa sta facendo
--no-preserve-root non considera "/" in modo speciale (predefinito)
--preserve-root fallisce operando ricorsivamente su "/"
--no-preserve-root non considera "/" in modo speciale (predefinito)
--preserve-root fallisce operando ricorsivamente su "/"
--no-preserve=ELENCO_ATTR non conserva gli attributi specificati
--parents utilizza il nome completo della sorgente sotto DIRECTORY
--one-file-system quando rimuove ricorsivamente una gerarchia, salta ogni
directory che è su un file system differente da quello
indicato dall'argomento corrispondente della riga di comando
--pid=PID con -f, termina dopo che termina il processo PID
-q, --quiet, --silent non stampa mai le intestazioni fornendo i nomi dei file
--retry continua a provare ad aprire un file anche se è
inaccessibile quando inizia il tail o se lo diventa
successivamente; utile se seguito da un nome,
per esempio, con --follow=nome
--preserve-context preserva il contesto di sicurezza SELinux
-Z, --context=CONTEXT imposta il contesto di sicurezza SELinux di file e directory
--reference=RFILE usa il contesto di sicurezza di RFILE invece di specificare
un valore CONTESTO
-R, --recursive opera ricorsivamente su file e directory
-v, --verbose mostra una diagnostica per ogni file elaborato
--rfc-3339=TIMESPEC stampa data e ora nel formato RFC 3339.
TIMESPEC="date", "seconds", o "ns" per
indicare la precisione di data e ora.
I componenti di data e ora sono separati da
un singolo spazio: 2006-08-07 12:34:56-06:00
-s, --set=STRINGA imposta l'ora indicata da STRINGA
-u, --utc, --universal stampa o imposta il Tempo Coordinato Universale (UTC)
--sort=CHIAVE ordina secondo la CHIAVE:
numerico generale -g, numerico umano -h, mese -M,
numerico -n, casuale -R, versione -V
-V, --version-sort ordina naturalmente secondo i numeri (di versione) nel testo
--strip-trailing-slashes rimuove gli slash dalla fine di ogni argomento
ORIGINE
-S, --suffix=SUFFISSO cambia il normale suffisso dei backup
--suffix=SUFF appende SUFF al MODELLO. SUFF non deve contenere slash.
Questa opzione è implicita se MODELLO non termina con X.
--time mostra l'orario dell'ultima modifica di ogni file nella
directory, o in ogni sua sottodirectory
--time=TIPO mostra l'orario come TIPO invece dell'orario di modifica:
atime, access, use, ctime o status
--time-style=STILE mostra l'orario usando lo stile STILE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, +FORMATO
FORMATO è interpretato come «date»
--time-style=STILE con -l mostra gli orari usando lo STILE specificato:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMATO.
FORMATO è interpretato come da "date"; se è
FORMATO1FORMATO2, FORMATO1 è applicato
ai file non recenti e FORMATO2 a quelli recenti;
se STILE ha il prefisso "posix-" avrà effetto
solo fuori dal locale POSIX
--verbose stampa una diagnostica prima
dell'apertura di ciascun file di output
--version stampa le informazioni sulla versione ed esce
--all stampa il numero dei processori installati
--ignore=N se possibile, esclude N unità di processamento
Dim. Usati Disp. Uso% Inode IUsati ILib. IUso% Dim. Usati Disp. Uso% -evenp come -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase come xcase iuclc olcuc
litout come -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout come parenb istrip opost cs7
nl come -icrnl -onlcr
-nl come icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb usa due bit di stop per carattere (uno con "-")
[-]hup invia un signal di hangup quando l'ultimo processo chiude il tty
[-]hupcl come [-]hup
[-]parenb genera un bit di parità in output e aspetta un bit di parità in input
[-]parodd imposta la parità dispari (pari con "-")
[-]ignpar ignora i caratteri con errori di parità
* [-]imaxbel fa un beep e non fa il flush su un carattere per un buffer di input completo
[-]inlcr converte ritorno a capo in ritorno carrello
[-]inpck abilita il controllo di parità sull'input
[-]istrip azzera il bit più alto (l'ottavo) dei caratteri di input
[-]isig abilita i caratteri speciali interrupt, quit, e suspend
[-]noflsh disabilita il flushing dopo i caratteri speciali di interrupt e quit
* [-]prterase come [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop ferma i processi in background che provano a scrivere sul terminale
* [-]xcase con icanon, fa l'escape con "\" per i caratteri maiuscoli
cooked come brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, i caratteri eof e eol ai loro valori predefiniti
-cooked come raw
crt come echoe echoctl echoke
dec come echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq come [-]ixany
ek caratteri di erase e kill ai loro valori predefiniti
evenp come parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N imposta a N la velocità di input
* line N usa la disciplina di linea N
min N con -icanon, imposta a N il mimimo dei caratteri per una lettura completa
ospeed N imposta a N la velocità di output
oddp come parenb parodd cs7
-oddp come -parenb cs8
[-]parity come [-]evenp
pass8 come -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 come parenb istrip cs7
raw come -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw come cooked
sane come cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl -iutf8
-ixoff -iuclc -ixany imaxbel opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr
-onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0
isig icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh
-xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke, tutti i caratteri
speciali ai loro valori predefiniti
stop CAR CAR fermerà l'output
susp CAR CAR invierà il segnale di stop del terminale
* swtch CAR CAR passerà ad un diverso livello di shell
* werase CAR CAR cancellerà l'ultima parola digitata
%% un unico %
%b ARGOMENTO è una stringa con le sequenze di escape "\" interpretate,
tranne le sequenze di escape ottali che sono della forma \0 o \0NNN
e tutte le specifiche di formato C che finiscono con uno dei caratteri
diouxXfeEgGcs, con gli ARGOMENTI convertiti prima nel tipo appropriato.
Sono gestite le dimensioni variabili.
%A nome localizzato completo del giorno della settimana
(es.: domenica)
%b nome localizzato abbreviato del mese (es.: gen)
%B nome localizzato completo del mese (es.: gennaio)
%c data e orario localizzate (es.: gio 3 mar 2005 12:02:33 CET)
%C secolo; come %Y, tranne che sono omesse le ultime due cifre (es.: 20)
%d giorno del mese (es.: 01)
%D data; equivalente a %m/%d/%y
%e giorno del mese, con spazi; equivalente a %_d
%F data in formato completo; equivalente a %Y-%m-%d
%g le ultime due cifre dell'anno del numero ISO della settimana (consultare %G)
%G anno del numero ISO della settimana (consultare %V); in genere utile solo con %V
%S secondi (00..60)
%t un tabulatore orizzontale
%T ora; come %H:%M:%S
%u giorno della settimana (1..7); 1 rappresenta lunedì
%U numero della settimana dell'anno con domenica come primo giorno della
settimana (00..53)
%V numero della settimana ISO con lunedì come primo giorno della
settimana (01..53)
%w giorno della settimana (0..6); 0 rappresenta domenica
%W numero della settimana dell'anno con lunedì come primo giorno della
settimana (00..53)
%d Numero del device in decimale
%D Numero del device in esadecimale
%f Modo grezzo in esadecimale
%F Tipo di file
%g Id del gruppo del proprietario
%G Nome del gruppo del proprietario
%h Numero di collegamenti fisici
%i Numero dell'inode
%n Nome del file
%N Nome del file protetto e dereferenziato se è un collegamento simbolico
%o Dimensioni dei blocchi di IO
%s Dimensioni totali, in byte
%T Minor number del device in esadecimale
%t Major number del device in esadecimale
%h come %b
%H ora (00..23)
%I ora (01..12)
%j giorno dell'anno (001..366)
%i Id del file system in esadecimale
%l Lunghezza massima dei nomi dei file
%n Nome del file
%s Dimensione dei blocchi (per trasferimenti veloci)
%S Dimensione del blocco fondamentale (per il conteggio dei blocchi)
%t Tipo in esadecimale
%T Tipo in formato leggibile
%k ora ( 0..23)
%l ora ( 1..12)
%m mese (01..12)
%M minuto (00..59)
%n un ritorno a capo
%N nanosecondi (000000000..999999999)
%p indicatore AM o PM localizzato; vuoto se non noto
%P come %p, ma minuscolo
%r orario localizzato, 12-ore (es.: 11:11:04 PM)
%R ora, 24-ore; equivalente a %H:%M
%s secondi passati dalle 00:00:00 del 1 gen 1970
%U Nome utente del proprietario
%u Id utente del proprietario
%x Orario dell'ultimo accesso
%X Orario dell'ultimo accesso in secondi dall'Epoca
%y Orario dell'ultima modifica
%Y Orario dell'ultima modifica in secondi dall'Epoca
%z Orario dell'ultimo cambiamento
%Z Orario dell'ultimo cambiamento in secondi dall'Epoca
%x rappresentazione localizzata della data (es.: 31/12/99)
%X rappresentazione localizzata dell'orario (es.: 23:13:48)
%y ultime due cifre dell'anno (00..99)
%Y anno
%z +hhmm fuso orario numerico (es: -0400)
%:z +hh:mm fuso orario numerico (es: -04:00)
%::z +hh:mm:ss fuso orario numerico (es: -04:00:00)
%:::z fuso orario numerico con : per la precisione necessaria (es: -04, +05:30)
%Z abbreviazione del fuso orario alfabetico (es: EDT)
In modo predefinito, date riempie i campi numerici con zeri.
+ TOKEN interpreta TOKEN come una stringa anche se è una
parola chiave come "match" o un operatore come "/"
( ESPRESSIONE ) valore dell'ESPRESSIONE
--output-delimiter=STR separa le colonne con STR
--userspec=UTENTE:GRUPPO specifica l'id o il nome dell'utente e del gruppo da usare
--groups=LISTA_G specifica i gruppi supplementari come g1,g2,..,gN
-0, --null termina ogni riga con il byte 0 invece del ritorno a capo
-A, --address-radix=RADICE decide come gli offset del file sono stampati
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTE salta BYTE input prima
-A, --auto-reference stampa i riferimenti generati automaticamente
-G, --traditional si comporta come il «ptx di System V»
-F, --flag-truncation=STRINGA usa STRINGA per indicare il troncamento di riga
-B, --block-size=DIM usa blocchi di DIM byte
-b, --bytes equivalente a "--apparent-size --block-size=1"
-c, --total genera un totale complessivo
-D, --dereference-args dereferenzia solo i collegamenti simbolici che sono elencati
sulla riga di comando
-C elenca le voci per colonne
--color[=QUANDO] colora l'output. QUANDO è predefinito ad "always"
o può essere "never" o "auto".
Maggiori informazioni in basso
-d, --directory elenca le voci di directory invece del contenuto,
e non segue i collegamenti simbolici
-D, --dired genera un output adatto al modo dired di Emacs
-D crea tutti i componenti di DEST tranne l'ultimo, poi
copia ORIGINE in DEST
-g, --group=GRUPPO imposta il gruppo proprietario, invece del gruppo del
processo corrente
-m, --mode=PERMESSI imposta i PERMESSI (come in chmod) invece di rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=PROPRIETARIO imposta il PROPRIETARIO (solo per il superuser)
-D, --date-format=FORMATO
usa FORMATO per l'intestazione della data
-e[CAR[LARGH]], --expand-tabs[=CAR[LARGH]]
espande i CAR (TAB) in input in tabulatori di larghezza LARGH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
usa i caratteri di avanzamento di pagina invece dei ritorno a
capo per separare le pagine (con una intestazione di
pagina di 3 righe con -F oppure con una intestazione di 5 righe
e trailer senza -F)
-G, --no-group con l'elenco lungo non stampa i nomi dei gruppi
-h, --human-readable con -l, stampa le dimensioni in formato leggibile
(es.: 1K 234M 2G)
--si similmente, ma usa multipli di 1000, non 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
segue i collegamenti simbolici elencati sulla riga di comando
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
segue ciascun collegamento simbolico nella riga di comando
che punta a una directory
--hide=MODELLO non elenca le voci corrispondenti al MODELLO della shell
(annullato da -a o -A)
-I chiede una volta prima di rimuovere più di tre file, o
quando rimuove ricorsivamente. Meno intrusivo di -i,
ma fornisce ancora protezione contro la maggior parte degli errori
--interactive[=QUANDO] chiede secondo QUANDO: mai, una volta (-I), o
sempre (-i). Senza QUANDO, chiede sempre
-L FILE FILE esiste ed è un collegamento simbolico (come -h)
-O FILE FILE esiste ed è posseduto dall'id utente efficace
-p FILE FILE esiste ed è una pipe con nome
-r FILE FILE esiste ed è leggibile
-s FILE FILE esiste ed ha dimensione maggiore di zero
-L, --dereference dereferenzia tutti i collegamenti simbolici
-P, --no-dereference non segue nessun collegamento simbolico (predefinito)
-0, --null termina ogni riga di output con il byte 0 anziché il ritorno a capo
-S, --separate-dirs non include la dimensione delle sottodirectory
-s, --summarize mostra solo il totale di ogni argomento
-L, --logical usa PWD dall'ambiente, anche se contiene collegamenti simbolici
-P, --physical evita tutti i collegamenti simbolici
-M, --macro-name=STRINGA nome della macro da usare invece di «xx»
-O, --format=roff genera l'output come direttive roff
-R, --right-side-refs mette i riferimenti a destra, non contati in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP per fine riga o fine frase
-T, --format=tex genera l'output come direttive TeX
-N, --read-bytes=BYTE limita il dump alla lettura di BYTE byte
-S, --strings[=BYTE] stampa stringhe di almeno BYTE caratteri grafici
-t, --format=TIPO imposta il formato o i formati di uscita
-v, --output-duplicates non usa * per segnalare la rimozione di una riga
-w, --width[=BYTE] stampa BYTE byte per ogni riga di uscita
--traditional accetta gli argomenti nella forma tradizionale
-P, --portability usa il formato di output POSIX
--sync fa sync prima di recuperare le informazioni sull'uso
-t, --type=TIPO limita l'elenco ai file system di tipo TIPO
-T, --print-type stampa il tipo di file system
-x, --exclude-type=TIPO limita l'elenco ai file system non di tipo TIPO
-v (ignorato)
-S ordina secondo le dimensioni dei file
--sort=TIPO ordina per TIPO invece che per nome: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=TIPO con -l, usa il TIPO di orario invece che quello di
modifica: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
o status -c; se --sort=time usa l'orario specificato come
chiave di ordinamento
-S FILE FILE esiste ed è un socket
-t [FD] il file descriptor FD è aperto su un terminale
-u FILE FILE esiste ed ha il proprio bit set-user-ID impostato
-w FILE FILE esiste ed è scrivibile
-x FILE FILE esiste ed è eseguibile o ricercabile
-S, --suffix=SUFFISSO cambia il normale suffisso di backup
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specifica la DIRECTORY in cui creare i collegamenti
-T, --no-target-directory tratta NOME_COLL come un file normale
-v, --verbose stampa il nome di ciascun file collegato
-SSTRINGA, --sep-string[=STRINGA]
separa le colonne con STRINGA,
senza -S: Separatore predefinito «TAB» con -J e «spazio»
altrimenti (lo stesso di -S" "), nessun effetto sulle opzioni delle colonne
-t, --omit-header omette intestazioni e piè di pagina
-T, --omit-pagination
omette intestazioni e piè di pagina, elimina qualsiasi impaginazione
dai caratteri di avanzamento pagina impostati nei file in input
-v, --show-nonprinting
usa la notazione ottale per il backslash
-w, --width=LARGH_PAG
imposta la larghezza della pagina a LARGH_PAG (72) caratteri solo per
output multipli testo-colonna, -s[char] la disattiva (72)
-T, -w, --mesg aggiunge lo stato dei messaggi dell'utente come +, - o ?
-u, --users elenca gli utenti collegati
--message come -T
--writable come -T
-W, --page-width=LARGH_PAG
imposta la larghezza della pagina sempre su LARGH_PAG (72)
caratteri, tronca le righe, a meno che sia impostata l'opzione -J,
non interferisce con -S o -s
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP usa REGEXP per trovare ogni parola chiave
-b, --break-file=FILE caratteri di separazione delle parole in questo FILE
-f, --ignore-case cambia minuscole in maiuscole per l'ordinamento
-g, --gap-size=NUMERO dimensione dello spazio fra le colonne tra i campi in output
-i, --ignore-file=FILE legge la lista delle parole da ignorare da FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE legge la liste delle parole da considerare da questo FILE
-Z, --context=CTX imposta il contesto di sicurezza SELinux di NOME in CTX
-Z, --context=CTX imposta il contesto di sicurezza SELinux di ciascun NOME in CTX
-a cambia solo l'orario di accesso
-c, --no-create non crea alcun file
-d, --date=STRINGA usa STRINGA invece che l'orario attuale
-f (ignorato)
-a, --across stampa le colonne orizzontalmente invece che verticalmente, usato con -COLONNE
-c, --show-control-chars
usa la notazione con l'accento circonflesso (^G) e la
notazione ottale con il backslash
-d, --double-space
raddoppia l'interlinea nell'output
-a, --all include i file system lunghi 0 blocchi (dummy)
-B, --block-size=DIM usa blocchi lunghi DIM byte
--total produce il totale complessivo
-h, --human-readable stampa le dimensioni in formato leggibile (es.: 1K, 234M, 2G)
-H, --si similmente, ma usa multipli di 1000 invece che di 1024
-a, --all scrive il valore per tutti i file, non solo le directory
--apparent-size stampa le dimensioni apparenti, invece dell'utilizzo del disco; anche se
la dimensione apparente è di solito più piccola, può essere
più grande per buchi nei file ("sparsi"), frammentazione
interna, blocchi indiretti e simili.
-a, --all converte tutti gli spazi invece di convertire solo quelli iniziali
--first-only converte solo le sequenze iniziali di spazi (prevale sul -a)
-t, --tabs=N imposta i tabulatori ogni N caratteri invece di 8 (abilita -a)
-t, --tabs=LISTA usa una LISTA di posizioni di tabulazione separate da virgola (abilita -a)
-a, --archive come -dR --preserve=all
--backup[=TIPO] fa il backup di ogni file di destinazione esistente
-b come --backup ma non accetta un argomento
--copy-contents quando agisce ricorsivamente copia il contenuto dei file speciali
-d come --no-dereference --preserve=links
-a, --suffix-length=N usa suffissi di lunghezza N (predefinito %d)
-b, --bytes=DIM mette DIM byte per file di output
-C, --line-bytes=DIM mette al massimo DIM byte di righe per file di output
-d, --numeric-suffixes usa suffissi numerici invece che alfabetici
-l, --lines=NUMERO mette NUMERO righe per file di output
-b, --before aggiunge il separatore prima anziché dopo
-r, --regex interpreta il separatore come espressione regolare
-s, --separator=STRINGA utilizza STRINGA come separatore anziché il carattere di ritorno a capo
-b, --binary legge in modalità binaria
-b, --binary legge in modalità binaria (predefinito se non si legge dal tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STILE usa STILE per numerare le righe del corpo
-d, --section-delimiter=CC usa CC per separare le pagine logiche
-f, --footer-numbering=STILE usa STILE per numerare le righe dei piè di pagina
-b, --bytes conta i byte invece delle colonne
-s, --spaces interrompe se si incontrano spazi
-w, --width=LARG usa LARG colonne invece 80
-b, --bytes=LISTA seleziona solo questi byte
-c, --characters=LISTA seleziona solo questi caratteri
-d, --delimiter=DELIM usa DELIM invece di TAB come delimitatore di campo
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignora gli spazi iniziali
-d, --dictionary-order considera solo spazi e caratteri alfanumerici
-f, --ignore-case converte i caratteri minuscoli in maiuscoli
-b, --suffix-format=FORMATO usa il FORMATO come in sprintf invece di %02d
-f, --prefix=PREFISSO usa PREFISSO invece di "xx"
-k, --keep-files non rimuove i file di uscita in caso di errori
-c, --bytes=K stampa gli ultimi K byte; alternativamente, usare -c +K per
stampare i byte che iniziano con il K-esimo di ciascun file
-c, --bytes=[-]K stampa i primi K byte di ogni file;
con "-", li stampa tutti a parte gli ultimi
K byte di ogni file
-n, --lines=[-]K stampa le prime K righe invece delle prime 10;
con "-", le stampa tutte a parte le ultime
K di ogni file
-c, --check legge le somme %s dai FILE e le controlla
-c, --check, --check=diagnose-first controlla se l'input è ordinato; non ordina
-C, --check=quiet, --check=silent come -c, ma non segnala la prima riga errata
--compress-program=PROG comprime i file temporanei con PROG;
li decomprime con PROG -d
--files0-from=F legge l'input dai file specificati
dai nomi nel file F (terminati con NUL);
se F è -, legge i nomi dallo standard input
-c, --count mostra il numero di occorrenze all'inizio di ogni riga
-d, --repeated stampa solo le righe duplicate
-c, --crown-margin mantiene il rientro delle prime due righe
-p, --prefix=STRINGA riformatta solo le righe che iniziano con STRINGA,
inserendo il prefisso alle righe riformattate
-s, --split-only divide le righe lunghe, ma non le riempie nuovamente
-c, --no-create non crea alcun file
-d, --delimiters=LISTA riutilizza i caratteri da LISTA invece dei TABulatori
-s, --serial incolla un file alla volta invece che in parallelo
-d, --directory crea una directory, non un file
-u, --dry-run non crea nulla; stampa solo un nome (insicuro)
-q, --quiet sopprime la diagnostica su fallimenti di creazione file/dir
-e abilita l'interpretazione dei caratteri protetti da backslash
-E disabilita l'interpretazione dei caratteri protetti da backslash (predefinito)
-e abilita l'interpretazione dei caratteri protetti da backslash(predefinito)
-E disabilita l'interpretazione dei caratteri protetti da backslash
-e, --echo tratta ciascun ARG come riga di input
-i, --input-range=BASSO-ALTO tratta ciascun numero da BASSO ad ALTO come riga di input
-n, --head-count=RIGHE mostra al più RIGHE righe
-o, --output=FILE scrive i risultati in FILE invece dello standard output
--random-source=FILE prende byte casuali da FILE
-z, --zero-terminated termina le righe con il byte 0, non con il ritorno a capo
-f non ordina, abilita -aU, disabilita -ls --color
-F, --classify accoda un indicatore alle voci (uno tra */=>@|)
--file-type similmente ma non accoda "*"
--format=TIPO across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time come -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omette l'intestazione delle colonne nel formato breve
-w omette il nome completo dell'utente nel formato breve
-i omette il nome completo e l'host remoto nel formato breve
-q omette il nome completo, l'host remoto e il tempo di
inattività nel formato breve
-f come -t fF, seleziona numeri in virgola mobile
-i come -t dI, seleziona interi decimali
-l come -t dL, seleziona decimali lunghi
-o come -t o2, seleziona unità da 2 byte ottali
-s come -t d2, seleziona unità da 2 byte decimali
-x come -t x2, seleziona unità da 2 byte esadecimali
-f FILE FILE esiste ed è un file regolare
-g FILE FILE esiste ed è set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE esiste ed è posseduto dall'id di gruppo efficace
-h FILE FILE esiste ed è un collegamento simbolico (come -L)
-k FILE FILE esiste ed ha il suo sticky bit impostato
-f, --canonicalize mette in forma canonica seguendo ogni collegamento simbolico
ricorsivamente su ogni componente del nome dato;
tranne l'ultimo componente, tutti devono esistere
-e, --canonicalize-existing mette in forma canonica seguendo ogni collegamento simbolico
ricorsivamente su ogni componente del nome dato;
tutti i componenti devono esistere
-f, --fields=LISTA seleziona solo questi campi; inoltre stampa qualsiasi riga
che non contiene alcun carattere delimitatore, a
meno che non sia specificata l'opzione -s
-n (ignorato)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
aggiunge dati di output man mano che il file cresce;
-f, --follow, e --follow=descriptor sono
equivalenti
-F identico a --follow=name --retry
-f, --force se non è possibile aprire un file di
destinazione esistente, lo rimuove e riprova
(ridondante se è usata l'opzione -n)
-i, --interactive chiede prima di sovrascrivere (prevale su una
precedente opzione -n)
-H segue i collegamenti simbolici sulla riga di comando in ORIGINE
-f, --force se necessario cambia i permessi per permettere la scrittura
-n, --iterations=N sovrascrive N volte invece che le %d predefinite
--random-source=FILE prende i byte casuali da FILE
-s, --size=N distrugge solo N byte (sono accettati suffissi come K, M e G)
-f, --silent, --quiet nasconde molti messaggi d'errore
-v, --verbose mostra una diagnostica per ogni file elaborato
--reference=RFILE utilizza il modo di RFILE anziché i valori di MODE
-R, --recursive cambia i file e le cartelle ricorsivamente
-f, --silent, --quiet sopprime la maggior parte dei messaggi di errore
--reference=RFILE usa il gruppo di RFILE piuttosto che specificare GRUPPO
-R, --recursive opera ricorsivamente su file e directory
-v, --verbose mostra una diagnostica per ogni file elaborato
-f, --silent, --quiet sopprime la maggior parte dei messaggi di errore
--reference=RFILE usa il proprietario e gruppo di RFILE piuttosto che
specificare i valori PROPRIETARIO:GRUPPO
-R, --recursive opera ricorsivamente su file e directory
-v, --verbose mostra una diagnostica per ogni file elaborato
-g come -l, ma non elenca il proprietario
-g GID[,GID1...] imposta anche l'id di gruppo primario come il numero GID, e
(se specificati) gli ID dei gruppi supplementari come GID1, ...
-g, --general-numeric-sort confronta secondo il valore generale numerico
-i, --ignore-nonprinting considera solo caratteri stampabili
-M, --month-sort confronta (sconosciuto) < "GEN" < ... < "DIC"
-h, --header-numbering=STILE usa STILE per numerare le righe di intestazione
-i, --page-increment=NUMERO incrementa il numero di riga a ogni riga
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMERO un gruppo di NUMERO righe vuote viene contato come una
-n, --number-format=FORMATO inserisce numeri di riga secondo FORMATO
-p, --no-renumber non reimposta i numeri di riga alle pagine logiche
-s, --number-separator=STRINGA aggiunge STRINGA dopo l'eventuale numero di riga
-h, --header=INTESTAZIONE
usa un'INTESTAZIONE centrata invece del nome del file nell'intestazione,
-h "" stampa una riga vuota, non usare -h""
-i[CAR[LARGH]], --output-tabs[=CAR[LARGH]]
sostituisce gli spazi con CAR (TAB) alla LARGHezza dei tabulatori (8)
-J, --join-lines unisce righe complete, disattiva il troncamento della riga -W,
non allinea le colonne, --sep-string[=STRINGA] imposta i separatori
-h, --human-numeric-sort confronta numeri in formato leggibile umano (es.: 2K 1G)
-h, --no-dereference agisce sui collegamenti simbolici invece che sui
file a cui si riferiscono (utile solo sui sistemi che
possono cambiare il proprietario di un collegamento
simbolico)
-h, --no-dereference agisce sui collegamenti simbolici invece che sui
file a cui si riferiscono (utile solo sui sistemi che
possono cambiare la data di un collegamento
simbolico)
-m cambia solo l'orario di modifica
-i, --ignore-case ignora le differenze maiuscole/minuscole quando confronta i campi
-j CAMPO equivalente a «-1 CAMPO -2 CAMPO»
-o FORMATO rispetta il FORMATO mentre costruisce la riga di output
-t CAR usa CAR come separatore dei campi di input e output
-i, --initial non converte i tabulatori dopo caratteri che non sono spazi
-t, --tabs=NUM converte i tabulatori in NUM spazi, non 8
-i, --inodes elenca informazioni sugli inode invece che sui blocchi
-k come --block-size=1K
-l, --local limita l'elenco ai file system locali
--no-sync non fa sync prima di recuperare le informazioni (predefinito)
-i, --interactive chiede se rimuovere le destinazioni
-L, --logical crea collegamenti fisici direttamente da quelli simbolici
-n, --no-dereference tratta la destinazione che è un collegamento simbolico
a una directory come se fosse un file normale
-P, --physical crea collegamenti fisici direttamente verso collegamenti simbolici
-s, --symbolic crea collegamenti simbolici invece di collegamenti fisici
-k come --block-size=1K
-l, --count-links conta le dimensioni più volte se ci sono collegamenti fisici
-m come --block-size=1M
-k, --key=POS1[,POS2] inizia l'ordinamento da POS1 (inizia con 1) fino a POS2
(predefinito fine riga)
-m, --merge unisce file già ordinati; non ordina
-l usa un formato di elenco lungo
-L, --dereference quando mostra le informazioni su un collegamento,
simbolico, mostra le informazioni sul file a cui si
riferisce invece che sul collegamento stesso
-m elenca le voci separandole con virgole
-l, --length=LUNGH_PAG
imposta la lunghezza della pagina a LUNGH_PAG (66) righe
(numero predefinito di righe di testo 56, e con -F 63)
-m, --merge stampa tutti i file in parallelo, uno in ciascuna colonna,
tronca le righe, ma unisce le righe di lunghezza piena con -J
-l, --link crea i collegamenti dei file invece di copiarli
-L, --dereference segue sempre i collegamenti simbolici in ORIGINE
-l, --login stampa i processi di accesso del sistema
-m, --canonicalize-missing mette in forma canonica seguendo ogni collegamento simbolico
ricorsivamente su ogni componente del nome dato,
senza requisiti sull'esistenza dei componenti
-n, --no-newline non stampa il ritorno a capo finale
-q, --quiet,
-s, --silent elimina la maggior parte dei messaggi di errore
-v, --verbose riporta i messaggi di errore
-m, --mode=MODO imposta i bit dei permessi del file come MODO, non a=rw - umask
-m, --mode=MODO imposta i permessi (come in chmod), non a=rwx - umask
-p, --parents nessun errore se esiste, crea la directory padre se necessario
-v, --verbose stampa un messaggio per ogni directory creata
-Z, --context=CTX imposta il contesto di sicurezza SELinux di ciascuna directory
creata a CTX
-n, --digits=CIFRE utilizza il numero di cifre specificato invece di 2
-s, --quiet, --silent non stampa il conteggio delle dimensioni dei file di output
-z, --elide-empty-files rimuove i file di output vuoti
-n, --lines=K stampa le ultime K righe, invece delle ultime %d
o usa -n +K per stampare le righe dalla K-esima
--max-unchanged-stats=N
con --follow=nome, riapre un FILE che non ha
cambiato dimensione dopo N iterazioni (predefinite %d)
per vedere se è stato rimosso o rinominato
(questo è il caso normale dei file di log che ruotano)
-n, --no-clobber non sovrascrive un file esistente (prevale su
una precedente opzione -i)
-P, --no-dereference non segue mai i collegamenti simbolici in ORIGINE
-n, --numeric-sort confronta secondo il valore numerico delle stringhe
-R, --random-sort ordina con un hash casuale di chiavi
--random-source=FILE prende byte casuali da FILE
-r, --reverse inverte il risultato dei confronti
-n, --numeric-uid-gid come -l, ma elenca gli id utente e di gruppo
-N, --literal stampa i nomi grezzi (es.: non tratta in modo
speciale i caratteri di controllo)
-o come -l, ma non elenca le informazioni sul gruppo
-p, --indicator-style=slash
appende / come indicatore alle directory
-n[SEP[NUM]], --number-lines[=SEP[NUM]]
numera le righe, usa NUM (5) cifre, poi SEP (TAB),
il valore predefinito nella numerazione inizia con la prima riga del file in input
-N, --first-line-number=NUMERO
inizia la numerazione con NUMERO alla prima riga della prima
pagina stampata (consultare +FIRST_PAGE)
-o, --indent=MARGINE
sposta ogni riga di MARGINE (zero) spazi, non
influenza -w o -W, MARGINE sarà sommato a LARGH_PAG
-r, --no-file-warnings
omette l'avviso quando un file non può essere aperto
-o, --output=FILE scrive i risultati in FILE invece dello standard output
-s, --stable stabilizza sort disabilitando il confronto "last-resort"
-S, --buffer-size=DIM usa DIM per il buffer della memoria principale
-p come --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=LISTA_ATTR] preserva gli attributi specificati (predefinito:
mode,ownership,timestamps), se possibile
gli attributi addizionali: context, links, xattr, all
-p DIR usa DIR come prefisso; implica -t [deprecato]
-t interpreta MODELLO come una singola parte del nome di un file,
relativo a una directory: $TMPDIR, se impostata, altrimenti la
directory specificata con -p, altrimenti /tmp [deprecato]
-p, --parents rimuove la DIRECTORY e i suoi ascendenti; per esempio,
«rmdir -p a/b/c» è simile a «rmdir a/b/c a/b a».
-v, --verbose mostra un diagnostico per ogni directory processata
-p, --preserve-timestamps applica le date di accesso/modifica dei file
di ORIGINE ai file di destinazione corrispondenti
-s, --strip esegue lo strip delle tabelle dei simboli
--strip-program=PROGR programma usato per eseguire lo strip dei file binari
-S, --suffix=SUFF cambia il normale suffisso dei backup
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copia tutti gli argomenti ORIGINE in DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory tratta DEST come un file normale
-v, --verbose stampa il nome di ogni directory creata
-q, --count tutti i nomi di accesso e il numero di utenti connessi
-r, --runlevel stampa il runlevel attuale
-s, --short stampa solo il nome, la riga e l'orario (predefinito)
-t, --time stampa l'ultima modifica dell'orologio di sistema
-q, --hide-control-chars stampa ? al posto dei caratteri non grafici
--show-control-chars mostra i caratteri non grafici come sono (predefinito
a meno che il programma sia «ls» e l'output un terminale)
-Q, --quote-name racchiude tra doppi apici i nomi delle voci
--quoting-style=TIPO usa lo stile TIPO con i nomi delle voci:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent non stampa mai le intestazioni che riportano i nomi dei file
-v, --verbose stampa sempre le intestazioni che riportano i nomi dei file
-r, --reference=FILE visualizza l'orario dell'ultima modifica di FILE
-R, --rfc-2822 stampa data e ora conforme al formato RFC 2822.
Esempio: Mon, 07 Aug 2006 12:34:56 +0200
-r, --reference=FILE usa la dimensione di questo FILE
-s, --size=DIM usa questa DIMensione
-r, --reference=FILE usa l'orario di questo file invece di quello attuale
-t ORA usa [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] invece che l'orario attuale
--time=TIPO imposta l'orario specificata: se TIPO è access, atime o use: come -a
se TIPO è mtime o modify: come -m
-r, --references il primo campo di ciascuna riga è un riferimento
-t, --typeset-mode (non implementato)
-w, --width=NUMERO stampa la larghezza in colonne, esclusi i riferimenti
-r, --reverse inverte il senso dell'ordinamento
-R, --recursive elenca ricorsivamente le sottodirectory
-s, --size stampa la dimensione allocata in blocchi di ogni file
-s, --only-delimited non stampa le righe che non contengono delimitatori
--output-delimiter=STRING utilizza STRING come delimitatore di output
il comportamento predefinito è di utilizzare il delimitatore di input
-s, --signal=SEGNALE, -SEGNALE
specifica il nome o numero del segnale da inviare
-l, --list elenca i nomi dei segnali, o li converte da/in numeri
-t, --table stampa una tabella di informazioni sui segnali
-s, --sleep-interval=N con -f, si ferma per circa N secondi
(predefinito 1.0) tra le iterazioni
-v, --verbose stampa sempre le intestazioni fornendo i nomi dei file
-s, --symbolic-link crea collegamenti simbolici invece di copiare
-S, --suffix=SUFFISSO prevale sul normale suffisso dei backup
--target-directory=DIRECTORY copia ogni ORIGINE in DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory tratta DEST come un file normale
-s[CAR],--separator[=CAR]
separa le colonne con un singolo carattere, quello
predefinito è il «TAB» senza -w, e «carattere vuoto» con -w
-s[CAR] disattiva l'interruzione di riga per le tre opzioni
di colonna (-COLONNA|-a -COLONNA|-m), a meno che sia impostato -w
-t ordina secondo l'orario di modifica
-T, --tabsize=COL assume che le tabulazioni siano ad ogni COL invece di 8
-t equivalente a -vT
-T, --show-tabs mostra i caratteri TAB come ^I
-u (ignorato)
-v, --show-nonprinting usa la notazione ^ e M-, eccetto che per LFD e TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP usa SEP invece delle transizioni da non spazio a spazio
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR usa DIR per i file temporanei, non $TMPDIR o %s;
opzioni multiple specificano directory multiple
-u, --unique con -c, controlla per un ordinamento stretto;
senza -c, mostra solo il primo di una sequenza uguale
-t, --tabs=LISTA usa una LISTA di posizioni esplicite di tabulatori separata da virgole
-t, --tagged-paragraph rientro della prima riga diversa dalla seconda
-u, --uniform-spacing uno spazio tra le parole, due dopo le frasi
-w, --width=AMPIEZZA larghezza massima della riga (predefinita a 75 colonne)
--target-directory=DIRECTORY sposta ogni ORIGINE nella DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory considera DEST come un file normale
-u, --update sposta solo quando ORIGINE è più recente del
file di destinazione o questo è mancante
-v, --verbose spiega cosa sta facendo
-t, --text legge in modalità testo (predefinito leggendo da tty stdin)
-t, --text legge in modalità testo (predefinito)
-u con -lt; ordina secondo l'orario di accesso e lo mostra
con -l mostra l'orario di accesso e ordina per nome
altrimenti ordina secondo l'orario di accesso
-U non ordina; elenca le voci nell'ordine della directory
-v ordina naturalmente secondo i numeri (di versione) nel testo
-u, --remove tronca e rimuove il file dopo la sovrascrittura
-v, --verbose indica il progresso
-x, --exact non arrotonda le dimensioni del file fino all'intero blocco
(predefinito per i file non regolari)
-z, --zero aggiunge una sovrascrittura finale con zeri per nascondere
la distruzione
-u, --update copia solo quando ORIGINE è più recente del
file di destinazione o questo è mancante
-v, --verbose spiega cosa sta facendo
-x, --one-file-system rimane su questo file system
-u, --user=UTENTE imposta l'utente UTENTE nel contesto di sicurezza di destinazione
-r, --role=RUOLO imposta il ruolo RUOLO nel contesto di sicurezza di destinazione
-t, --type=TIPO imposta il tipo TIPO nel contesto di sicurezza di destinazione
-l, --range=RANGE imposta l'INTERVALLO nel contesto di sicurezza di destinazione
-v, --kernel-version stampa la versione del kernel
-m, --machine stampa il nome dell'hardware della macchina
-p, --processor stampa il tipo di processore o "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform stampa la piattaforma hardware o "unknown"
-o, --operating-system stampa il sistema operativo
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMERO NUMERO della prima riga in ogni pagina logica
-w, --number-width=NUMERO utilizza NUMERO colonne per i numeri di riga
-w, --check-chars=N non confronta più di N caratteri nelle righe
-w, --width=COL considera lo schermo largo COL invece del valore attuale
-x elenca le voci per righe invece che per colonne
-X ordina alfabeticamente secondo le estensioni
-Z, --context stampa il contesto di sicurezza SELinux di ogni file
-1 elenca un file per riga
-x, --one-file-system salta le directory su file system diversi
-X, --exclude-from=FILE esclude i file che corrispondono a ogni modello
in FILE
--exclude=MODELLO esclude i file che corrispondono a MODELLO
--max-depth=N stampa il totale per una directory (o file, con --all)
solo se è N o meno livelli sotto l'argomento della riga
di comando; --max-depth=0 è lo stesso che --summarize
-z, --zero-terminated termina le linee con il byte 0, invece del ritorno a capo
Anche i processi in
uno stato non interrompibile di riposo contribuiscono al carico medio.
[:graph:] tutti i caratteri stampabili, senza spazi
[:lower:] tutti i caratteri in minuscolo
[:print:] tutti i caratteri stampabili, compresi gli spazi
[:punct:] tutti i caratteri di punteggiatura
[:space:] tutti gli spazi orizzontali o verticali
[:upper:] tutti i caratteri in maiuscolo
[:xdigit:] tutte le cifre esadecimali
[=CAR=] tutti i caratteri equivalenti a CAR
\0NNN byte con valore ottale NNN (da 1 a 3 cifre)
\xHH byte con valore esadecimale HH (da 1 a 2 cifre)
\NNN byte il cui valore ottale è NNN (da 1 a 3 cifre)
\xHH byte il cui valore esadecimale è HH (1 o 2 cifre)
\uHHHH carattere Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) il cui valore esadecimale è HHHH (4 cifre)
\UHHHHHHHH carattere Unicode il cui valore esadecimale è HHHHHHHH (8 cifre)
\\ backslash
\a avviso (BEL)
\b backspace
\c non produce ulteriore output
\e escape
\f avanzamento pagina
\n ritorno a capo
\r ritorno carrello
\t tabulazione orizzontale
\v tabulazione verticale
\v tabulazione verticale
CAR1-CAR2 tutti i caratteri da CAR1 fino a CAR2 in ordine crescente
[CAR*] copia CAR su SET2 tante volte quanto la lunghezza di SET1
[CAR*NUM] NUM copie di CAR, NUM è ottale se inizia con 0
[:alnum:] tutte le lettere e numeri
[:alpha:] tutte le lettere
[:blank:] tutti gli spazi orizzontali
[:cntrl:] tutti i caratteri di controllo
[:digit:] tutti i numeri
ascii da EBCDIC a ASCII
ebcdic da ASCII a EBCDIC
ibm da ASCII a EBCDIC alternativo
block completa con spazi fino a cbs i record terminati da ritorno a capo
unblock sostituisce con ritorno a capo gli spazi alla fine di un record lungo cbs
lcase cambia le maiuscole in minuscole
binary utilizza I/O binario per i dati
cio utilizza I/O concorrente per i dati
d[DIM] decimale con segno, DIM byte per intero
f[DIM] virgola mobile, DIM byte per intero
o[DIM] ottale, DIM byte per intero
u[DIM] decimale senza segno, DIM byte per intero
x[DIM] esadecimale, DIM byte per intero
direct utilizza I/O diretto per i dati
directory fallisce a meno che non sia una directory
dsync utilizza I/O sincronizzato per i dati
fullblock accumula blocchi pieni di input (solo iflag)
if=FILE legge da FILE invece che da stdin
iflag=FLAGS legge come dalla lista di simboli separati da virgole
obs=BYTE scrive BYTE byte per volta (predefinito: 512)
of=FILE scrive su FILE invece che su stdout
oflag=FLAGS scrive come dalla lista di simboli separati da virgole
seek=BLOCCHI salta un numero di BLOCCHI lunghi obs all'inizio dell'output
skip=BLOCCHI salta un numero BLOCCHI lunghi ibs all'inizio dell'input
status=noxfer nasconde le statistiche di trasferimento
noatime non aggiorna l'orario di accesso
nocreate non crea il file di output
excl fallisce se il file di output già esiste
notrunc non effettua il troncamento del file di output
ucase cambia i caratteri minuscoli in maiuscoli
swab scambia ogni coppia di byte in ingresso
noctty non permette il controllo del terminale da file
noerror continua dopo errori di lettura
sync riempie ogni blocco in input con NUL sino a ibs; se usato
con block o unblock, riempie con spazi invece che con NUL
fdatasync scrive fisicamente i dati del file di output prima di finire
fsync similmente, ma scrive anche i metadati
nofollow non segue i collegamenti simbolici
nolinks fallisce per collegamenti multipli
nonblock utilizza I/O non bloccante
none, off non fa mai backup (anche se è specificato --backup)
numbered, t fa backup numerati
existing, nil numerati se esistono backup numerati, altrimenti semplici
simple, never fa sempre backup semplici
sync similmente, ma anche per metadati
text utilizza I/O testuale per i dati
blocchi di %-5sUsati Dispon. Uso%% %H:%M%P blocchi di %s Usati Dispon. Capacità (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho fa l'echo dei caratteri di controllo nella notazione "^c"
[-]echo fa l'echo dei caratteri in input
* [-]echoctl come [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe come [-]crterase
[-]echok fa l'echo di un ritorno a capo dopo un carattere di kill
* [-]echoke come [-]crtkill
[-]echonl fa l'echo di un ritorno a capo anche se non fa l'echo degli altri caratteri
* [-]echoprt fa l'echo al contrario dei caratteri cancellati, tra "\" e "/"
[-]icanon abilita i caratteri speciali erase, kill, werase, e rprnt
[-]iexten abilita i caratteri speciali non POSIX
* [-]iuclc converte i caratteri maiuscoli in minuscoli
* [-]ixany permette a qualsiasi carattere di far ripartire l'output,
non solo al carattere di start
[-]ixoff abilita l'invio dei caratteri di start/stop
[-]ixon abilita il controllo di flusso XON/XOFF
[-]parmrk indica gli errori di parità (con una sequenza 255-0-carattere)
[-]tandem come [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume che i caratteri in ingresso siano codificati UTF-8
* [-]ocrnl converte ritorno carrello in ritorno a capo
* [-]ofdel usa per il riempimento caratteri di delete invece di null
* [-]ofill usa caratteri di riempimento (padding) invece di
temporizzazioni per i ritardi
* [-]olcuc converte i caratteri minuscoli in maiuscoli
* [-]onlcr converte ritorno a capo in ritorno carrello-ritorno a capo
* [-]onlret ritorno a capo esegue un ritorno carrello
* [-]onocr non stampa i ritorno carrello nella prima colonna
[-]opost postprocessa l'output
* tabN stile del ritardo del tabulatore orizzontale, N in [0..3]
* tabs come tab0
* -tabs come tab3
* vtN stile del ritardo del tabulatore verticale, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CAR CAR alternativo per terminare la riga
erase CAR CAR cancellerà l'ultimo carattere digitato
intr CAR CAR invierà un segnale di interrupt
kill CAR CAR cancellerà la riga corrente
* lnext CAR CAR inserirà il carattere successivo in modo letterale
quit CAR CAR invierà un segnale di quit
* rprnt CAR CAR ridisegnerà la riga corrente
start CAR CAR farà ripartire l'output dopo averlo fermato
* rows N dice al kernel che il terminale ha N righe
* size stampa il numero di righe e colonne secondo il kernel
speed stampa la velocità del terminale
time N con -icanon, imposta a N decimi di secondo il timeout in lettura
??:???? Montato su
TTY contesto=%s egid=%lu euid=%lu gid=%lu gruppi= fa su ripetizione %s
% 1% di memoria, b 1, K 1024 (predefinito), e così via per M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
*** ATTENZIONE ***
Il locale specificato dall'ambiente influisce sull'ordinamento.
Impostare LC_ALL=C per avere l'ordinamento tradizionale che usa
i valori nativi dei byte.
%.*s: specificatore di conversione non valido %e %b %Y %e %b %H.%M %lu utente %lu utenti %s %s (per regexp %s) %s -> %s (annullamento backup)
%s [-d] terminato in modo anomalo %s e %s sono lo stesso file %s esiste ma non è una directory %s è comparso; si sta seguendo la fine del nuovo file %s è divenuto accessibile %s è diventato inaccessibile %s è stato sostituito con un file remoto; operazione annullata per questo nome %s è stato sostituito con un file su cui non è possibile eseguire tail; operazione annullata per questo nome %s è stato sostituito; si sta seguendo la fine del nuovo file %s presenta un tipo di file sconosciuto %s non è usabile, apparentemente ha dimensioni negative Sito web di %s: <%s>
Sito web di %s:
%s non è un intero positivo valido %s è troppo grande %s può essere usato solo su un kernel SElinux era specificato %s ma non %s l'argomento «%3$s» di %1$s%2$s è troppo grande %s: %s è così grande che è impossibile rappresentarlo %s: %s: numero di riga fuori dall'intervallo %s: %s: occorrenza non trovata %s: %s:%s: fuori ordine: %s: apertura o lettura NON RIUSCITA
%s: Questo utente non esiste %s: "}" è richiesto nel conteggio delle ripetizioni %s: atteso un operatore binario %s: è possibile creare collegamenti simbolici relativi solo nella directory corrente %s: impossibile azzerare il modo non bloccante %s: impossibile trovare il nome per l'id utente %lu
%s: non si può continuare fino alla fine di questo tipo di file; elaborazione terminata per questo nome %s: impossibile fare lseek alla posizione originale %s: impossibile sovrascrivere una directory %s: impossibile riavvolgere %s: impossibile fare il seek %s: impossibile posizionarsi all'offset %s relativo alla fine %s: impossibile posizionarsi all'offset %s %s: impossibile posizionarsi all'offset relativo %s %s: impossibile distruggere un descrittore di file append only %s: impossibile saltare %s: impossibile saltare all'offset specificato %s: manca il delimitatore di chiusura "%c" %s: impossibile azzerare il modo non bloccante %s: entrare nella directory %s? %s: entrare nella directory protetta dalla scrittura %s? %s: fine del file %s: l'operando di equivalenza classi deve essere un singolo carattere %s: errore durante il troncamento %s: errore di scrittura all'offset %s %s: atteso un valore numerico %s: chiusura non riuscita %s: apertura per la scrittura non riuscita %s: rimozione non riuscita %s: fcntl non riuscito %s: fdatasync non riuscito %s: il file ha dimensioni negative %s: il file si è ridotto eccessivamente %s: file troppo grande %s: file troppo lungo %s: file troncato %s: fstat non riuscito %s: fsync non riuscito %s: non è possibile fare un collegamento fisico a una directory %s: l'input contiene un ciclo: %s: l'input contiene un numero dispari di token %s: il file di input coincide con quello di output %s: intero atteso dopo il delimitatore %s: PID non valido %s: conteggio non valido all'inizio di %s %s: direttiva non valida %s: specifica di campo %s non valida %s: dimensione del file non valida %s: tipo di file non valido %s: numero massimo di stat non cambiate tra le aperture non valido %s: numero non valido %s: numero di byte non valido %s: numero di righe non valido %s: numero di passi non valido %s: numero di secondi non valido %s: numero di esclusioni non valido %s: opzione -- «%c» non valida
%s: modello non valido %s: id del processo non valido %s: espressione regolare non valida: %s %s: segnale non valido %s: lunghezza del suffisso non valida %s: il numero di riga deve essere maggiore di zero %s: numero di riga fuori dall'intervallo %s: lseek non riuscito %s: sono stati specificati segnali multipli %s: i nuovi permessi sono %s, non %s %s: non è stata trovata alcuna riga del codice di controllo %s formattata correttamente %s: non ci sono informazioni sulle dimensioni di questo dispositivo non viene elencata la directory già elencata: %s %s: il numero di byte è troppo grande %s: l'opzione «%c%s» non accetta alcun argomento
%s: l'opzione «%s» è ambigua
%s: l'opzione «--%s» non accetta alcun argomento
%s: l'opzione «-W %s» non accetta alcun argomento
%s: l'opzione «-W %s» è ambigua
%s: l'opzione richiede un argomento -- «%c»
%s: sovrascrivere %s? %s: passo %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: passo %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: passo %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: errore di lettura %s: rimuovere %s %s? %s: rimuovere ricorsivamente tutti gli argomenti? %s: rimuovere tutti gli argomenti? %s: rimuovere il %s protetto dalla scrittura %s? %s: rimosso %s: rimozione %s: rinominato in %s %s: sostituire %s? %s: seek non riuscito %s: troppe righe del codice di controllo %s: provare a sovrascrivere %s, ignorando il modo %04lo (%s)? %s: impossibile determinare la lunghezza massima del nome del file %s: impossibile eseguire tutte le operazioni richieste %s: atteso un operatore unario %s: opzione «%c%s» non riconosciuta
%s: opzione «--%s» non riconosciuta
%s: valore non completamente convertito %s: errore di scrittura %s:%lu: riga non valida; manca il secondo token %s:%lu: nome di file di lunghezza nulla non valido %s:%lu: parola chiave non riconosciuta %s %s}: intero richiesto tra "{" e "}" " atteso ")" atteso ")", trovato %s © * file system che conservano la cache in posizioni temporanee, come i
client NFS versione 3
* file system compressi
* file system con logging o journaling come quelli forniti con AIX e Solaris
(e JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, ext3, ecc...)
* file system che scrivono dati ridondanti e continuano a scrivere anche se
alcune scritture falliscono, come i file system basati su RAID
* file system che fanno snapshot, come quello dei server NFS di Network
Appliance
, carico medio: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
l'argomento %2$s di --%1$s è troppo grande --context (-Z) funziona solo su un kernel con SELinux abilitato --reflink può essere usato solo con --sparse=auto -R --dereference richiede -H o -L -R -h richiede -P -ef non accetta -l -nt non accetta -l -ot non accetta -l ???
????? Annullato Famiglia di indirizzi per il nome host non supportata Sveglia Tutti gli argomenti per le opzioni lunghe sono obbligatori per quelle corte.
Completate tutte le richieste Buffer per l'argomento troppo piccolo Arnold Robbins Chiamata di sistema errata Valore errato per ai_flags Brian Fox Pipe interrotta Errore di bus ATTENZIONE: ricordare che shred si basa su una importante supposizione, cioè
che il file system sovrascriva i dati dove stanno. Questo è il metodo
tradizionale, ma molti file system moderni non soddisfano questa assunzione.
Questi sono esempi di file system su cui shred non ha effetto o non è
garantito che sia efficace:
COMMENTO Superato il limite di tempo CPU Chiama la funzione link per creare un collegamento chiamato FILE2 a un FILE1 esistente.
Chiama la funzione unlink per rimuovere il FILE indicato.
Cambia gli id utente e di gruppo efficaci come quelli di UTENTE.
-, -l, --login rende la shell una shell di accesso
-c, --commmand=COMANDO passa con -c un COMANDO singolo alla shell
-f, --fast passa -f alla shell (per csh o tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment non reinizializza le variabili d'ambiente
-p come -m
-s, --shell=SHELL esegue SHELL se /etc/shells lo permette
Cambia l'appartenenza al gruppo di ogni FILE in GRUPPO.
Con --reference, cambia l'appartenenza al gruppo di ogni FILE col gruppo di RFILE.
-c, --changes come verbose ma segnala solo i cambiamenti
--dereference agisce sul file a cui si riferisce ogni collegamento
simbolico (predefinito) invece che sul collegamento stesso
Cambia il modo di ogni FILE in MODE.
-c, --changes come "verbose" ma mostra un resoconto solo quando viene effettuato un cambiamento
Cambia il proprietario o il gruppo di ogni FILE in PROPRIETARIO o GRUPPO.
Con --reference, cambia il proprietario e il gruppo di ciascun FILE con quello di RFILE.
-c, --changes come verbose ma segnala solo le modifiche effettuate
--dereference agisce sul file a cui si riferisce ogni collegamento
simbolico (predefinito) invece che sul collegamento stesso
Cambia il contesto di sicurezza di ciascun FILE in CONTESTO.
Con --reference, cambia il contesto di sicurezza di ciascun FILE in quello di RFILE.
-h, --no-dereference interessa i collegamenti simbolici invece di ogni file referenziato
Chet Ramey Processo figlio uscito Colin Plumb Confronta i file ordinati FILE1 e FILE2 riga per riga.
Concatena uno o più FILE, o lo standard input, sullo standard output.
-A, --show-all equivalente a -vET
-b, --number-nonblank numera le righe di output non vuote
-e equivalente a -vE
-E, --show-ends visualizza il carattere $ alla fine di ogni riga
-n, --number numera tutte le righe in output
-s, --squeeze-blank elimina le righe di output vuote ripetute
Continuato Converte gli spazi in tabulazioni in ogni FILE e scrive sullo standard output.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Converte i tabulatori in spazi in ogni FILE, scrivendo sullo standard output.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Copia ORIGINE su DEST, od ORIGINI multiple su DIRECTORY.
Copia un file, convertendolo e formattandolo secondo gli operandi.
bs=BYTE legge e scrive BYTE byte per volta (consultare anche ibs=,obs=)
cbs=BYTE converte BYTE byte per volta
conv=CONV converte il file secondo la lista di simboli separati da virgole
count=BLOCCHI copia dall'input solo BLOCCHI blocchi
ibs=BYTE legge BYTE byte per volta (predefinito: 512)
Copia lo standard input in ogni FILE e anche sullo standard output.
-a, --append accoda ai FILE specificati, non sovrascrive
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignora i segnali di interrupt
Crea un file o una directory temporanea, in modo sicuro, e stampa il suo nome.
MODELLO deve contenere almeno tre "X" consecutive nell'ultima parte.
Se MODELLO non è specificato, usa tmp.XXXXXXXXXX e --tmpdir è implicita.
Crea pipe con nome (FIFO) per ogni NOME dato.
Crea le DIRECTORY, se non esistono già.
Crea il file speciale NOME del TIPO dato.
David M. Ihnat David MacKenzie David Madore Controlla nomi di file non corretti o non portabili.
-p controlla la compatibilità con la maggior parte dei sistemi POSIX
-P controlla se il nome è vuoto o se inizia con "-"
--portability controlla la compatibilità con tutti i sistemi POSIX (equivalente a -p -P)
Directory: Mostra lo stato del file o del file system.
-L, --dereference segue i collegamenti
-f, --file-system visualizza lo stato del file system invece di quello del file
Visualizza l'orario corrente nel FORMATO dato, o imposta la data di sistema.
-d, --date=STRINGA visualizza l'orario specificato da STRING, non "now"
-f, --file=FILEDATA come --date una per ogni riga di FILEDATA
Dmitry V. Levin Scarta ogni gruppo supplementare, assume l'id utente e di gruppo dell'UTENTE specificato
(id numerico o nome utente), ed esegue COMANDO con ciascun ARGOMENTO specificato.
Esce con lo stato 111 se incapace di assumere gli id utente e di gruppo richiesti.
Altrimenti, esce con lo stato di uscita di COMANDO.
Questo programma è utile solo se eseguito da root (id utente zero).
Rilevato EMT USCITA Ogni intervallo è uno tra:
N N-esimo byte, carattere o campo, contato da 1
N- dal N-esimo byte, carattere o campo, alla fine della riga
N-M dal N-esimo al M-esimo byte (incluso), carattere o campo
-M dal primo al M-esimo byte (incluso), carattere o campo
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Stampa la STRINGA (o le stringhe) sullo standard output.
-n non stampa il ritorno a capo finale
Eric Blake Termina con un codice di stato indicante fallimento. Termina con un codice di stato indicante successo. Esce con lo stato determinato dall'ESPRESSIONE.
François Pinard NON RIUSCITO DA SISTEMARE: sconosciuto FORMATO deve essere adatto a stampare un argomento di tipo "double";
è predefinito a %.PRECf se PRIMO, INCREMENTO e ULTIMO sono tutti numeri
decimali a virgola fissa con la precisione massima PREC, altrimenti a %g.
I fifo non hanno i numeri major e minor del dispositivo Superato il limite di dimensione file File system File system Tipo Filtra righe adiacenti corrispondenti da INPUT (o dallo standard input),
scrivendo su OUTPUT (o sullo standard output).
Senza opzioni, le righe corrispondenti sono unite alla prima occorrenza.
Eccezione in virgola mobile Per la documentazione completa, eseguire: info coreutils %s invocation
Per ogni coppia di righe di input con campi di unione identici, scrive una riga sullo
standard output. Il campo predefinito di unione è il primo, delimitato
da uno spazio bianco. Quando FILE1 o FILE2 (non entrambi) è -, legge lo standard input.
-a NUMFILE stampa righe non accoppiabili da NUMFILE, dove
NUMFILE è 1 o 2. corrispondente a FILE1 o FILE2
-e VUOTO sostuituisce i campi di input mancanti con VUOTO
Forza la scrittura su disco dei blocchi cambiati, aggiorna il super block.
Aiuto sull'uso del software GNU in generale:
Giuseppe Scrivano H. Peter Anvin Chiusura I/O consentito INATTIVO Ian Lance Taylor Inatt. Se FILE non è specificato, usa %s. %s è comunemente usato come FILE.
Istruzione non consentita Inoltre, i backup dei file system e i mirror remoti possono contenere copie
del file impossibili da rimuovere e che permetterebbero di recuperare un
file distrutto.
Nella vita reale: Nella prima forma, crea un collegamento a DEST con il nome NOME_COLL.
Nella seconda forma, crea un collegamento a DEST nella directory corrente.
Nella terza e quarta forma, crea i collegamenti a ogni DEST nella DIRECTORY.
Crea collegamenti fisici in maniera predefinita e collegamenti simbolici con --symbolic.
Con i collegamenti fisici, ogni DEST deve esistere. I collegamenti simbolici
possono contenere testo arbitrario; se risolto dopo, un collegamento relativo è
interpretato in relazione alla sua directory padre.
Nel caso di file system ext3, la liberatoria precedente si applica
(e shred ha così un'efficacia limitata) solo nel modo data=journal,
che effettua il journaling dei dati dei file in aggiunta ai soli metadata. In entrambi i
modi data=ordered (predefinito) e data=writeback, shred lavora come al solito.
I modi di journaling di ext3 possono essere cambiati aggiungendo l'opzione data=qualcosa
alle opzioni di mount per un particolare file system nel file /etc/fstab,
come documentato nella pagina del manuale di mount (man mount).
B illimitato Richiesta informazioni Interruzione Interrotta da un segnale Riferimento all'indietro non valido Nome della classe di caratteri non valido Carattere di collazione non valido Contenuto di \{\} non valido Espressione regolare precedente non valida Fine dell'intervallo non valida Espressione regolare non valida James Youngman Jay Lepreau Jim Kingdon Jim Meyering Joseph Arceneaux Kaveh Ghazi Kayvan Aghaiepour Kevin Braunsdorf Ucciso LINEA ACCESSO Elenca informazioni sui FILE (predefinito: la directory corrente).
Ordina alfabeticamente le voci se non è usato uno di -cftuvSUX oppure --sort.
Accesso Nome di accesso: Gli argomenti obbligatori per le opzioni lunghe lo sono anche per quelle brevi.
Mark Kettenis Matthew Bradburn Fallimento nell'allocazione della memoria Memoria esaurita Michael Meskes Michael Stone Mike Haertel Mike Parker NOME Nome Nome o servizio sconosciuto Nessun indirizzo associato con il nome host Nessuna corrispondenza Nessuna espressione regolare precedente Fallimento irrecuperabile nella risoluzione del nome OK Solo una stringa può essere fornita durante la cancellazione senza omissione delle ripetizioni. L'opzione --string senza un numero implica 3; l'opzione --width senza un numero
implica 32. In modo predefinito, od usa -A o -t d2 -w16.
Opzioni di ordinamento:
Altre opzioni:
Restituisce un indice permutato, incluso il contesto, delle parole nei file di input.
Stampa i comandi per impostare la variabile di ambiente LS_COLORS
Determina il formato dell'output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell stampa istruzioni per la Bourne shell
-c, --csh, --c-shell stampa istruzioni per la C shell
-p, --print-database stampa le impostazioni predefinite
Trasforma l'INPUT in parti con lunghezza fissa del tipo PREFISSOaa, PREFISSOab, ...; la dimensione
predefinita è di 1000 righe, e il PREFISSO predefinito è "x". Senza INPUT, o se INPUT
è -, legge dallo standard input.
Stampa parti di FILE separate dal/i MODELLO/I sui file "xx00", "xx01", ...,
e stampa su stdout la dimensione in byte di ogni parte.
Stampa i limiti dipendenti dalla piattaforma in un formato utile per gli script di shell.
Stampa chi è attualmente connesso basandosi su FILE.
Se FILE non è specificato, usa %s.
%s è comunemente usato come FILE.
Sovrascrive ripetutamente i FILE specificati in modo da rendere più difficile
recuperare i dati anche con indagini hardware molto costose.
PID Impacchettato da %s
Impacchettato da %s (%s)
Padraig Brady Impagina o incolonna i FILE per la stampa.
Stringa dei parametri codificata non correttamente Password: Paul Eggert Paul Rubin Pete TerMaat Piano:
Mancanza alimentazione elettrica Fine prematura dell'espressione regolare Stampa gli ARGOMENTI secondo il FORMATO, o esegue secondo OPZIONE:
Stampa il checksum CRC e la dimensione in byte di ogni FILE.
Stampa NOME rimuovendo tutte le componenti di directory iniziali.
Se specificato, rimuove anche un SUFFISSO finale.
Stampa NOME rimuovendo il componente finale separato da /; se NOME non contiene un /,
stampa "." (intendendo la directory corrente).
Stampa alcune informazioni sul sistema. Senza una OPZIONE è come -s.
-a, --all stampa tutte le informazioni, nel seguente ordine:
omettendo -p e -i se sconosciute:
-s, --kernel-name stampa il nome del kernel
-n, --nodename stampa il nome host del nodo di rete
-r, --kernel-release stampa il rilascio del kernel
Stampa il codice di controllo e il numero dei blocchi per ogni FILE.
-r usa l'algoritmo di somma BSD, usa blocchi da 1K
-s, --sysv usa l'algoritmo di somma System V, usa blocchi da 512 byte
Stampa le appartenenze ai gruppi per ogni NOMEUTENTE o, se non ne è specificato alcuno,
sul processo corrente (che è diverso se il database dei gruppi è cambiato).
Stampa le informazioni sugli utenti che sono attualmente nel sistema.
Stampa l'architettura della macchina.
Stampa i numeri da PRIMO a ULTIMO, in passi di INCREMENTO.
-f, --format=FORMATO usa il FORMATO in virgola mobile in stile printf
-s, --separator=STRINGA usa STRINGA per separare i numeri (predefinito: \n)
-w, --equal-width rende uguale la larghezza riempiendo con zeri iniziali
Stampa o modifica le caratteristiche del terminale.
-a, --all stampa tutte le impostazioni correnti in un formato
comprensibile
-g, --save stampa tutte le impostazioni correnti in un formato
leggibile da stty
-F, --file=DEVICE apre e usa il DEVICE specificato invece di stdin
Stampa le parti di riga selezionate da ogni FILE sullo standard ouput.
Stampa l'orario corrente, da quanto tempo il sistema è attivo, il numero di utenti
sul sistema e il numero medio di processi nella coda di esecuzione negli ultimi
1, 5 e 15 minuti. Stampa il nome del file del terminale connesso allo standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet non stampa niente, restituisce solo uno stato
d'uscita
Stampa le prime 10 righe di ogni FILE sullo standard output.
Con più di un FILE, le fa precedere da una intestazione riportante il nome del file.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Stampa il nome del file completo della directory di lavoro corrente.
Stampa le ultime %d righe di ogni FILE sullo standard output.
Con più di un FILE, ciascuno viene preceduto da un'intestazione che riporta il nome del file.
Con nessun FILE, o quando il FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Stampa il nome dell'utente corrente.
Stampa il numero delle unità di processamento disponibili per il processo corrente,
che può essere inferiore al numero dei processori disponibili
Stampa i fattori primi di tutti i NUMERI interi specificati. Se non sono
specificati sulla riga di comando, li legge da standard input.
Stampa il nome dell'utente associato all'attuale id utente efficace.
Come id -un.
Stampa informazioni sull'utente e sul gruppo di NOMEUTENTE o (se
NOMEUTENTE è omesso) dell'utente corrente.
-a ignorato, per compatibilità con altre versioni
-Z, --context stampa solo il contesto di sicurezza dell'utente corrente
-g, --group stampa solo l'id efficace del gruppo
-G, --groups stampa gli id di tutti i gruppi
-n, --name stampa un nome invece di un numero, per -ugG
-r, --real stampa l'id reale invece dell'id efficace, con -ugG
-u, --user stampa solo l'id efficace dell'utente
Stampa il valore del collegamento simbolico o il nome canonico del file
Elaborazione della richiesta in corso Timer di profiling terminato Progetto: Q. Frank Xia Uscita (con core dump) Randy Smith Segnale in tempo reale %d Riformatta ogni paragrafo nei FILE, scrivendo sullo standard output.
L'opzione -LARGH è una forma abbreviata di --width=NUMERI.
Espressione regolare troppo grande Rimuove (con unlink) i FILE.
-f, --force ignora file non esistenti, non chiede mai conferma
-i chiede conferma prima di ogni rimozione
Rimuove le DIRECTORY, se vuote.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignora ogni errore causato dal solo fatto che la directory
non è vuota
Rinomina ORIGINE in DEST o sposta ORIGINE nella DIRECTORY.
Stampa in continuazione una riga con ogni STRINGA specificata oppure "y".
Segnalare i bug di %s a: <%s>
Segnalare i bug di traduzione di %s a
Richiesta annullata Richiesta non annullata Risorsa persa Richard M. Stallman Richard Mlynarik Roland Huebner Roland McGrath Ross Paterson Esegue il COMANDO con una priorità di scheduling (nice) modificata.
Se il COMANDO manca, stampa la priorità di scheduling corrente. L'intervallo
varia da %d (priorità massima) a %d (minima).
-n, --adjustment=N aggiunge l'intero N alla priorità (predefinito 10)
Esegue il COMANDO con la root directory impostata a NUOVAROOT.
Esegue il COMANDO, ignorando i segnali di sospensione.
Esegue COMANDO, con operazioni di buffering modificate per i suoi flussi standard.
Esegue un programma in un contesto di sicurezza diverso.
Senza CONTESTO o COMANDO, stampa il contesto di sicurezza corrente.
CONTESTO Contesto di sicurezza completo
-c, --compute calcola il contesto del processo di transizione prima di modificare
-t, --type=TIPO tipo (per lo stesso ruolo del genitore)
-u, --user=UTENTE identità utente
-r, --role=RUOLO ruolo
-l, --range=INTERVALLO intervallo del livello
Russell Coker Scott Bartram Scott Miller Errore di segmentazione Manda segnali ai processi o elenca i segnali.
Servname non supportato per ai_socktype Impostare LC_ALL='C' per aggirare il problema. Imposta nell'ambiente ogni NOME a VALORE ed esegue COMANDO.
-i, --ignore-environment inizia con un ambiente vuoto
-0, --null termina ogni riga in output con un byte 0 invece di un ritorno a capo
-u, --unset=NOME rimuove la variabile dall'ambiente
Shell: Mostra informazioni sul file system su cui risiede ogni FILE,
oppure in modo predefinito su tutti i file system.
Riduce o estende la dimensione di ciascun FILE alla dimensione specificata
Un argomento FILE inesistente viene creato.
Se un FILE è più grande di quanto è specificato, i dati in eccesso sono persi.
Se un FILE è più corto, è esteso e la parte estesa (buco)
viene letta come byte zero.
Simon Josefsson I file speciali richiedono i numeri major e minor del dispositivo Errore sullo stack Fermato (da terminale) Fermato Fermato per input tty Fermato per output tty Stuart Kemp Successo Riassume l'uso del disco di ogni FILE, ricorsivamente per le directory.
Errore di sistema ORA Fallimento temporaneo nella risoluzione del nome Terminato I seguenti flag opzionali possono seguire "%":
- (trattino) non riempie il campo
_ (sottolineatura) riempie con spazi
0 (zero) riempie con zeri
^ usa la maiuscola se possibile
# usa l'opposto se possibile
Le opzioni seguenti modificano il modo in cui una gerarchia viene attraversata quando
è specificata anche l'opzione -R. Se viene specificata più volte, soltanto l'ultima
ha effetto.
-H se l'argomento della riga di comando è un collegamento
simbolico a una directory, lo percorre
-L percorre ogni collegamento simbolico incontrato a una
directory
-P non percorre alcun collegamento simbolico (predefinito)
Le stringhe confrontate erano %s e %s. Torbjorn Granlund Rilevato trace/breakpoint Backslash finale Traduce, comprime o elimina caratteri dallo standard input, scrivendo sullo standard output.
-c, -C, --complement complementa SET1
-d, --delete elimina i caratteri in SET1 senza tradurre
-s, --squeeze-repeats sostituisce ogni sequenza di un carattere ripetuto
che è elencato in SET1 con una singola occorrenza
di quel carattere
-t, --truncate-set1 tronca prima SET1 alla lunghezza di SET2
Usare «%s --help» per ulteriori informazioni.
Usare «%s ./%s» per rimuovere il file %s.
Due stringhe devono essere fornite durante la cancellazione e l'omissione delle ripetizioni. Devono essere fornite due stringhe durante la traduzione. Ulrich Drepper Errore sconosciuto Segnale sconosciuto %d Errore di sistema sconosciuto ( o \( non accoppiata ) o \) non accoppiata [ o [^ non accoppiata \{ non accoppiata Aggiorna gli orari di accesso e modifica di ogni FILE a quello attuale.
Se un argomento FILE non esiste viene creato vuoto, a meno che non sia dato -c o -h.
Un argomento FILE come "-" è trattato in modo speciale e forza touch a
cambiare gli orari del file associato allo standard output.
Condizione di I/O urgente Uso: %s
Uso: %s COMANDO [ARG]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s CONTESTO COMANDO [argomenti]
o: %s [ -c ] [-u UTENTE] [-r RUOLO] [-t TIPO] [-l INTERVALLO] COMANDO [argomenti]
Uso: %s ESPRESSIONE
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s FILE
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s FILE1 FILE2
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s FORMATO [ARGOMENTO]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s NOME
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s NOME [SUFFISSO]
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s NUMERO[SUFFISSO]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Fa una pausa di NUMERO secondi. SUFFISSO può essere "s" per secondi (predefinito),
"m" per minuti, "h" per ore o "d" per giorni. Diversamente dalla maggior parte delle
implementazioni che richiedono che NUMERO sia un intero, qui può essere un
numero in virgola mobile arbitrario. Con due o più argomenti, fa una pausa per una
quantità di tempo data dalla somma dei loro valori.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... COMANDO
Uso: %s OPZIONE... [FILE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
Uso: %s [-F DEVICE] | --file=DEVICE] [IMPOSTAZIONE]...
or: %s [-F DEVICE] | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
or: %s [-F DEVICE] | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save]
Uso: %s [-LARGH] [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
Uso: %s [-s SEGNALE | -SEGNALE] PID...
o: %s -l [SEGNALE]...
o: %s -t [SEGNALE]...
Uso: %s [FILE]...
o: %s [OPZIONE]
Uso: %s [NOME]
o: %s OPZIONE
Stampa o imposta il nome host del sistema.
Uso: %s [NUMERO]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s [OPERANDO]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]
Stampa l'identificativo numerico (in esadecimale) dell'host corrente.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE] NUOVAROOT [COMANDO [ARG]...]
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s [OPZIONE] [[COMANDO [ARG]...]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE] [FILE]
Scrive un elenco totalmente ordinato di un FILE rispettando l'ordinamento parziale.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... CONTESTO FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... [-u UTENTE] [-r RUOLO] [-l INTERVALLO] [-t TIPO] FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... DIRECTORY...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... FILE
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... FILE MODELLO...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... FILE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... FILE1 FILE2
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... GRUPPO FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... ULTIMO
o: %s [OPZIONE]... PRIMO ULTIMO
o: %s [OPZIONE]... PRIMO INCREMENTO ULTIMO
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... MODO[,MODO]... FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... MODO-OTTALE FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... NOME TIPO [MAJOR MINOR]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... NOME...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... SET1 [SET2]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [+FORMATO]
o: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [-T] ORIGINE DESTINAZIONE
o: %s [OPZIONE]... ORIGINE... DIRECTORY
o: %s [OPZIONE]... -t DIRECTORY ORIGINE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [-T] ORIGINE DESTINAZIONE
o: %s [OPZIONE]... ORIGINE... DIRECTORY
o: %s [OPZIONE]... -t DIRECTORY ORIGINE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... -d DIRECTORY...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [-T] DEST NOME_COLL (1a forma)
o: %s [OPZIONE]... DEST (2a forma)
o: %s [OPZIONE]... DEST... DIRECTORY (3a forma)
o: %s [OPZIONE]... -t DIRECTORY DEST... (4a forma)
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [-] [NOME=VALORE]... [COMANDO [ARG]...]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [-] [UTENTE [ARG]...]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]
o: %s -e [OPZIONE]... [ARG]...
o: %s -i BASSO-ALTO [OPZIONE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]
Codifica o decodifica in base64 FILE, o lo standard input, sullo standard output.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
o: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
o: %s --traditional [OPZIONE]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][ETICH][.][b]]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... --files0-from=F
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [FILE]...
Stampa o verifica i codici di controllo %s (%d-bit).
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [INPUT [PREFISSO]]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [INPUT]... (senza -G)
o: %s -G [OPZIONE]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [PROPRIETARIO][:[GRUPPO]] FILE...
o: %s [OPZIONE]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [MODELLO]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [NOMEUTENTE]
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [NOMEUTENTE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [UTENTE]...
Uso: %s [OPZIONE]... [VARIABILE]...
Stampa il valore di ogni VARIABILE di ambiente specificata.
Se non è specificata alcuna VARIABILE, stampa per tutte le coppie nome/valore.
Uso: %s [OPZIONE-CORTA]... UTENTE COMANDO [ARGOMENTO]...
o: %s OPZIONE-LUNGA
Uso: %s [OZIONE-CORTA]... [STRINGA]...
o: %s OPZIONE-LUNGA
Uso: %s [STRINGA]...
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: %s [argomenti in linea di comando ignorati]
o: %s OPZIONE
Uso: test ESPRESSIONE
o: test
o: [ ESPRESSIONE ]
o: [ ]
o: [ OPZIONE
Segnale 1 definito dall'utente Segnale 2 definito dall'utente Usando -s sono ignorate -L e -P. Altrimenti, l'ultima opzione specificata controlla
il comportamento quando l'origine è un collegamento simbolico, predefinendolo a %s.
Sono argomenti validi: Sequenze di formato valide per i filesystem:
%a Blocchi liberi disponibili ai non superutenti
%b Numero totale di blocchi di dati nel file system
%c Numero totale di inode nel file system
%d Numero di inode liberi nel file system
%f Numero di blocchi liberi file system
%C Stringa del contesto di sicurezza SELinux
Timer virtuale terminato ATTENZIONE: --page-increment è deprecato; usare invece --line-increment ATTENZIONE: --preserve_context è deprecato; usare invece --preserve-context ATTENZIONE: struttura di directory circolare.
Questo significa quasi sicuramente che il file system è danneggiato.
INFORMARE L'AMMINISTRATORE DI SISTEMA.
La seguente directory è parte del ciclo:
%s
ATTENZIONE: ignorato --context (-Z); questo non è un kernel con SELinux abilitato ATTENZIONE: ignorato --preserve-context; questo non è un kernel con SELinux abilitato ATTENZIONE: l'opzione --strip-program è ignorata non essendo stata specificata l'opzione -s Attenzione: Quando Dove Finestra modificata Con --follow (-f), tail è predefinito a seguire il descrittore del file, che
significa che anche se un file passato come argomento a tail è rinominato, tail
continuerà a seguire la sua fine. Questo comportamento predefinito non è
auspicabile quando si vuole tracciare il nome effettivo del file e non il
descrittore dello stesso (es. rotazione dei log). Usare --follow=nome in questo
caso. Questo fa in modo che tail segua il file nominato in un modo che tenga conto
di operazione di rinomina, rimozione e creazione.
Manda a capo le righe lette in ogni FILE (lo standard input come predefinito),
scrivendo sullo standard output.
Scrive una permutazione casuale delle righe di ingresso nello standard output.
Scrive ogni FILE nello standard output, dall'ultima riga alla prima.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Scrive ogni FILE sullo standard output aggiungendo i numeri di riga.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge lo standard input.
Scrive le righe che corrispondono sequenzialmente a ciascun FILE,
separate da TAB, sullo standard output.
Senza FILE, o quando FILE è -, legge dallo standard input.
Scrive una concatenazione ordinata di tutti i FILE sullo standard output.
Scritto da %s e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e altri.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s
e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
%s e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s, %s,
e %s.
Scritto da %s, %s e %s.
Scritto da %s.
le espressioni [=c=] non dovrebbero apparire in string2 durante la traduzione ^[nN] ^[sSyY] " «-%c» caratteri in più o numero non valido nell'argomento: %s «--pages=PRIMA_PAG[:ULTIMA_PAG]» argomento mancante «-N NUMERO» numero di inizio riga non valido: %s «-W LARGH_PAGINA» numero di caratteri non valido: %s «-l LUNGH_PAG» numero di righe non valido: %s «-o MARGINE» offset di riga non valido: %s «-w LARGH_PAGINA» numero di caratteri non valido: %s un comando deve essere specificato con un aggiustamento accesso a %s ai_family non supportata ai_socktype non supportato argomento %s ambiguo per %s è possibile specificare un delimitatore di input solo quando si opera sui campi output accodato a %s il backup di %s distruggerebbe l'origine; %s non copiato il backup di %s distruggerebbe l'origine; %s non spostato tipo di backup file speciale a blocchi i file speciali a blocchi non sono supportati entrambi i prefissi SI and IEC sono presenti in units entrambi i file non possono essere lo standard input l'offset in byte %s è troppo grande non è possibile applicare un contesto parziale al file non etichettato %s impossibile recuperare il contesto del processo impossibile accedere a %s impossibile fare il backup di %s impossibile riassumere e contemporaneamente mostrare tutte le voci impossibile cambiare il proprietario di %s impossibile cambiare i permessi di %s impossibile cambiare la root directory a %s impossibile entrare nella directory %s impossibile fare chdir alla root directory impossibile combinare --target-directory (-t) e --no-target-directory (-T) impossibile utilizzare sia --target-directory che --no-target-directory non è possibile combinare le opzioni -e e -i non è possibile combinare qualunque coppia di {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} non è possibile combinare block e unblock non è possibile combinare excl e nocreat non è possibile combinare lcase e ucase non è possibile combinare i modi e le opzioni --reference non è possibile combinare un segnale con -l o -t impossibile confrontare i nomi dei file %s e %s impossibile convertire U+%04X nell'insieme di caratteri locale impossibile convertire U+%04X nell'insieme di caratteri locale: %s impossibile copiare una directory, %s, dentro sé stessa, %s impossibile copiare il collegamento simbolico ciclico %s impossibile creare la directory %s impossibile creare il fifo %s impossibile creare il collegamento fisico %s a %s impossibile creare il collegamento %s impossibile creare il collegamento %s a %s impossibile creare il file regolare %s impossibile creare il file speciale %s impossibile creare il collegamento simbolico %s impossibile creare il collegamento simbolico %s a %s impossibile creare file temporanei in %s impossibile dereferenziare %s impossibile determinare device e inode di %s impossibile determinare il nome host impossibile determinare la posizione di %s, ritorno al polling impossibile eseguire ioctl su %s impossibile trovare il nome del gruppo con id %lu impossibile trovare il nome dell'utente con id %lu impossibile seguire %s per nome impossibile forzare il contesto destinazione in %s e preservarlo impossibile fare fstat di %s impossibile determinare la directory corrente impossibile determinare la priorità di scheduling impossibile recuperare il nome del sistema impossibile fare lseek in %s impossibile creare contemporaneamente collegamenti fisici e simbolici impossibile creare la directory %s impossibile spostare %s in %s impossibile spostare %s in una sottodirectory di sé stessa, %s impossibile spostare una directory in una non-directory: %s -> %s impossibile aprire %s per la lettura impossibile aprire %s per la scrittura impossibile aprire la directory %s impossibile operare sul collegamento simbolico con obiettivo non esistente %s impossibile sovrascrivere la directory %s con una non-directory impossibile sovrascrivere la non-directory %s con la directory %s impossibile eseguire l'output formattato impossibile preservare gli attributi estesi, cp è compilato senza supporto per xattr impossibile preservare un contesto di sicurezza senza un kernel con SELinux abilitato impossibile stampare "solo" più di una scelta impossibile stampare solo i nomi o gli id reali nel formato predefinito impossibile stampare il contesto di sicurezza quando si specifica un utente impossibile leggere la directory %s impossibile leggere i nomi dei file da %s impossibile leggere le informazioni del file system per %s impossibile leggere l'orologio realtime impossibile leggere il collegamento simbolico %s impossibile leggere la tabella dei file system montati impossibile rimuovere %s impossibile rimuovere la directory: %s impossibile reimpostare la posizione del file per %s impossibile eseguire %s impossibile impostare %s impossibile impostare la data impossibile impostare l'id del gruppo impossibile impostare l'id di gruppo a %lu impossibile impostare i gruppi impossibile impostare il nome host; questo sistema non ha questa funzionalità impossibile impostare il nome a %s impossibile impostare la priorità di scheduling impossibile impostare l'orario di %s impossibile impostare l'id utente impossibile impostare l'id utente a %lu impossibile saltare oltre la fine di un input combinato impossibile specificare --null (-0) con un comando impossibile specificare sia la stampa verticale che in parallelo impossibile specificare il numero di colonne quando si stampa in parallelo impossibile specificare l'orario da più di una fonte impossibile suddividere in più di un modo impossibile eseguire stat di %s impossibile determinare la directory corrente (ora %s) impossibile effettuare lo stat dello standard input impossibile fare touch di %s impossibile annullare il backup di %s impossibile scollegare %s impossibile azzerare %s impossibile controllare %s impossibile controllare la directory padre di %s non si può aggirare il bug del kernel, dopo tutto il gruppo di %s è stato cambiato in %s
il proprietario di %s è stato cambiato in %s
cambiamento del gruppo di %s cambiamento del proprietario di %s cambio dei permessi di %s cambio del contesto di sicurezza di %s
l'offset del carattere è zero carattere fuori dall'intervallo file speciale a caratteri i file speciali a caratteri non sono supportati azzeramento dei permessi per %s cambio orario close non riuscita chiusura di %s chiusura di %s (fd=%d) chiusura della directory %s chiusura del file di input %s chiusura del file di output %s chiusura dello standard input la modalità compatibile supporta al massimo un file. conflitto fra le stringhe di sostituzione per i campi vuoti forniti specificatori di contesto di sicurezza in conflitto impossibile impostare il buffering di %s nel modo %s
impossibile creare il processo per %s -d impossibile creare il file temporaneo impossibile eseguire %s impossibile eseguire %s -d impossibile trovare la directory in %s con l'i-node corrispondente impossibile determinare l'orario di avvio directory %s creata creazione della directory %s creazione di %s
creazione del collegamento fisico %s creazione del collegamento fisico %s => %s creazione del collegamento fisico a %.0s%s creazione del collegamento simbolico %s creazione del collegamento simbolico %s -> %s la lista dei delimitatori termina con un backslash non protetto: %s directory divisione per zero dup2 non riuscita %s vuoto non permesso nome di file vuoto tabulatore vuoto errore nel chiudere il file errore nel controllo dell'espressione regolare errore nella ricerca con espressione regolare errore di inizializzazione delle stringhe dei mesi errore monitorando l'evento inotify errore leggendo %s errore leggendo l'evento inotify errore aspettando il comando errore scrivendo %s exit= argomento %s in più operando %s in più operando %s in più
operando %s in più non permesso con -%c cambio del contesto di %s in %s non riuscito cambio del gruppo di %s in %s non riuscito
cambio del modo di %s in %04lo (%s) non riuscito
cambio del proprietario di %s non riuscito
cambio del proprietario di %s in %s non riuscito
cambio della directory %s non riuscito clonazione di %s non riuscita elaborazione di un nuovo contesto non riuscita creazione della directory con il modello %s non riuscita creazione del file con il modello %s non riuscita creazione del contesto di sicurezza %s non riuscita recupero degli attributi di %s non riuscito recupero del contesto corrente non riuscito recupero del contesto di creazione del file system non riuscito recupero dei gruppi per il processo corrente non riuscito recupero dei gruppi per l'utente %s non riuscito recupero del contesto di sicurezza di %s non riuscito lookup del file %s non riuscito apertura di %s non riuscita preservazione dei diritti di %s non riuscita impossibile preservare il proprietario di %s impossibile preservare i permessi di %s impossibile preservare gli orari di %s reindirizzamento dello standard error non riuscito reindirizzamento dello stderr in /dev/null non riuscito rimozione di %s non riuscita rimozione della directory %s non riuscita rendere inutilizzabile lo standard input non riuscito riapertura di %s con il modo %s non riuscita ripristino del contesto predefinito di creazione dei file non riuscito ritorno alla directory iniziale di lavoro non riuscito impossibile eseguire il comando %s impostazione del componente del contesto di sicurezza %s in %s non riuscita impostazione dei gruppi supplementari non riuscita impostazione del contesto predefinito di creazione dei file in %s non riuscita impostazione dell'id di gruppo non riuscita impostazione del nuovo range %s non riuscita impostazione del nuovo ruolo %s non riuscita impostazione del nuovo tipo %s non riuscita impostazione del nuovo utente %s non riuscita impostazione del gruppo supplementare non riuscita impostazione della copia di stderr alla chiusura dell'esecuzione non riuscita impostazione del contesto di sicurezza di %s in %s non riuscita impostazione dell'id utente non riuscita stat di %s non riuscito azzeramento di O_DIRECT non riuscito: %s aggiornamento dell'ambiente con %s non riuscito fdatasync non riuscito per %s fflush non riuscita il numero di campo %s è troppo grande il numero di campi è zero campi e posizioni sono numerati da 1 fifo il file %d non è ordinato gli operandi dei file non possono essere combinati con --files0-from gli operandi di tipo file non possono essere combinati con --print-database (-p) il tipo di file system %s è stato sia selezionato che escluso chiamata di sistema fork non riuscita il formato %s termina in %% il formato %s non ha una direttiva %% il formato %s ha troppe direttive %% il formato %s ha una direttiva %%%c sconosciuta la stringa di formato non può essere specificata quando si stampano stringhe
di larghezza uguale fsync non riuscito per %s fts_close non riuscita fts_read non riuscito getpass: impossibile aprire /dev/tty recupero dei nuovi attributi di %s il gruppo di %s è stato mantenuto pari a %s
funzione iconv non disponibile funzione iconv non utilizzabile id= ignorati tutti gli argomenti input ignorato input ignorato e output accodato a %s input ignorato e stderr reindirizzato in stdout ignorata la larghezza del tabulatore non valida nella variabile di ambiente TABSIZE: %s ignorato il valore non valido della variabile di ambiente QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignorata la larghezza non valida nella variabile di ambiente COLUMNS: %s gli argomenti che non sono opzioni sono stati ignorati campi di unione incompatibili %lu, %lu tabulatori incompatibili password sbagliata inotify non può essere usato, ritorno al polling l'input è scomparso la riga di input è troppo lunga spostamento tra dispositivi non riuscito: %s in %s; impossibile rimuovere
la destinazione l'argomento «%3$s» di %1$s%2$s non è valido l'argomento %2$s di --%1$s non è valido aggiustamento %s non valido argomento %s non valido argomento %s non valido per %s stile di numerazione del corpo non valido: %s modo di buffering %s non valido per %s
elenco di campi o byte non valido carattere "%c" non valido nella stringa di tipo %s classe di carattere non valida %s contesto non valido: %s conversione non valida specificatore di conversione non valido nel suffisso: %c specificatore di conversione non valido nel suffisso: \%.3o data %s non valida formato di data %s non valido intervallo decrescente non valido dispositivo %s %s non valido tipo del dispositivo %s non valido numero di campo non valido: %s specificatore di campo non valido: %s larghezza del campo non valida: %s numero di file non valido nello specificatore di campo: %s argomento in virgola mobile non valido: %s stile di numerazione del piè di pagina non valido: %s precisione del formato non valida larghezza del formato non valida larghezza dello spazio non valida: %s gruppo non valido gruppo %s non valido elenco dei gruppi %s non valido gruppo non valido: %s stile di numerazione dell'intestazione non valido: %s input non valido flag di input non valido intervallo di input %s non valido intero non valido %s argomento intero %s non valido numero di riga %s non valido disciplina di riga non valida %s campo del numero di righe non valido: %s incremento del numero di riga non valido: %s formato del numero di righe non valido: %s larghezza della riga non valida: %s major number del dispositivo %s non valido profondità massima %s non valida minor number del dispositivo %s non valido modo non valido modo %s non valido modo non valido: %s numero %s non valido numero non valido dopo "," numero non valido dopo "-" numero non valido dopo "." numero non valido all'inizio del campo numero di righe vuote non valido: %s numero di byte non valido numero di byte da confrontare non valido numero di byte da saltare non valido numero di colonne non valido: %s numero di campi da saltare non valido numero di righe non valido numero di righe non valido: 0 opzione non valida -- %c opzione non valida -- %c; -WIDTH è riconosciuto solo quando è la prima opzione; utilizzare -w N radice dell'indirizzo di output "%c" non valida; deve essere un carattere tra [doxn] flag di output non valido intervallo di pagine non valido %s precisione non valida: %s intervallo non valido senza punto finale: - conteggio delle ripetizioni %s non valido nel costrutto [c*n] spec non valida numero di riga iniziale non valido: %s flag di stato non valido suffisso %s non valido, contiene separatori di directory il suffisso nell'argomento «%3$s» di %1$s%2$s non è valido dimensioni di tabulazione non valide: %s modello non valido, %s, contiene separatori di directory modello non valido, %s; con --tmpdir non può essere assoluto intervallo di tempo non valido: %s formato dello stile dell'ora %s non valido opzione finale non valida -- %c stringa di tipo non valida: %s stringa di tipo non valida %s;
questo sistema non fornisce un tipo a virgola mobile a %lu byte stringa di tipo non valida %s;
questo sistema non fornisce un tipo intero a %lu byte nome del carattere universale \%c%0*x non valido utente non valido utente %s non valido larghezza non valida: %s dimensione di ritorno a capo non valida: %s nome di file di lunghezza zero non valido è pericoloso operare ricorsivamente su %s è pericoloso operare ricorsivamente su %s (come con %s) last= il nome del file %s ha un componente che inizia con "-" limite %lu superato dalla lunghezza %lu del nome del file %s limite %lu superato dalla lunghezza %lu del componente %s del nome del file il buffering di righe su stdin non ha significato l'opzione per il conteggio delle righe -%s%c... è troppo grande il numero di riga %s è più piccolo del numero di riga precedente, %s numero di riga eccessivo il massimo dell'argomento --%s con l'attuale rlimit è %s memoria esaurita coda di messaggi il minimo dell'argomento --%s è %s costrutto disallineato [:upper:] o [:lower:] manca la specifica di conversione %% nel suffisso manca un "]" manca l'argomento dopo %s manca l'argomento per %s carattere di classe "[::]" mancante manca lo specificatore di conversione nel suffisso manca l'operando per il file di destinazione dopo %s carattere "[==]" di equivalenza classe mancante manca il file operando manca il numero esadecimale nella sequenza di escape manca l'elenco dei campi manca l'elenco delle posizioni operando mancante manca l'operando dopo %s il modo deve specificare solo i bit di permesso del file il modo di %s è stato cambiato in %04lo (%s)
il modo di %s è stato mantenuto pari a %04lo (%s)
tabulatore multicarattere %s specificate opzioni -i multiple sono state specificate opzioni -l o -t multiple è stato specificato più di un programma di compressione specificati delimitatori multipli multipli levelrange è stato specificato più di un file di output specificati formati di output multipli sono state specificate sorgenti casuali multiple specificati modificatori multipli relativi ruoli multipli specificate directory multiple di destinazione tipi multipli utenti multipli né il collegamento simbolico %s né il file di riferimento sono cambiati
manca la variabile di ambiente SHELL e non è stata usata l'opzione per
selezionare il tipo della shell nessun cambiamento al proprietario di %s
nessun comando specificato nessun file system processato nessun file rimasto nessun input da %s nome di accesso inesistente nessun id del processo specificato nessun tipo può essere specificato mentre si stampano le stringhe non è stato indicato nessun nome utente; quando si usa -l bisogna indicarne
almeno uno carattere non portabile %s nel nome del file %s non è un tty non è possibile scrivere attraverso il collegamento simbolico con obiettivo non esistente %s il numero in %s è troppo grande numero di byte numero di righe offset eccessivo leggendo il file %s directory %s omessa solo un costrutto ripetuto [c*] dovrebbe apparire in string2 può essere specificato un solo dispositivo può essere specificato solo un tipo di elenco open non riuscita apertura di %s opzione usata in un contesto non valido -- %c le opzioni --backup e --no-clobber sono mutualmente esclusive le opzioni --compare (-C) e --preserve-timestamps sono mutualmente esclusive le opzioni --compare (-C) e --strip sono mutualmente esclusive le opzioni «-%s» sono incompatibili i suffissi dei file di output sono esauriti overflow estendendo la dimensione del file %s overflow arrotondando la dimensione del file %s il proprietario di %s è stato mantenuto
il proprietario di %s è stato mantenuto pari a %s
overflow del numero di pagina larghezza della pagina troppo stretta preservazione dei permessi per %s preservati gli orari di %s è senza senso stampare tutte le righe duplicate e il numero delle ripetizioni i limiti dell'intervallo «%s-%s» sono in ordine inverso errore di lettura read non riuscita lettura di %s lettura della directory %s record troppo grande stderr reindirizzato in stdout file regolare vuoto file regolare %s rimosso
directory rimossa: %s
rimozione della directory, %s run-level semaforo il separatore non può essere vuoto impostare LC_ALL='C' per aggirare il problema impostazione dei flag %s impostazione dei permessi per %s impostazione degli orari di %s oggetto di memoria condivisa il numero di byte saltati + byte letti è troppo grande saltato %s, dato che è su un dispositivo diverso file %s saltato perché è stato sostituito mentre veniva copiato socket standard error standard input lo standard input è chiuso standard output stat non riuscita stderr stdin stdout carattere estraneo nella specifica del campo confronto tra stringhe non riuscito trasformazione stringa non riuscita processo di strip terminato in modo anomalo eliminare le righe non delimitate ha senso
solo quando si sta operando sui campi collegamento simbolico errore di sintassi avvio di sistema la grandezza del tabulatore non può essere 0 la grandezza del tabulatore contiene caratteri non validi: %s le grandezze dei tabulatori devono essere crescenti %s: posizione del tabulatore troppo grande il valore della posizione del tabulatore è troppo grande i tabulatori sono troppo grandi l'obiettivo %s non è una directory la directory di destinazione non è permessa durante l'installazione di una directory term= test o [ le opzioni --binary e --text non hanno significato quando si stanno verificando i codici di controllo l'opzione --compare (-C) è ignorata se è specificato un modo senza i bit di permesso l'opzione --context (-Z) è obsoleta e sarà rimossa in una
versione futura l'opzione --quiet ha significato solo quando si stanno verificando i codici di controllo l'opzione --status ha significato solo quando si stanno verificando i codici di controllo l'opzione --warn ha significato solo quando si stanno verificando i codici di controllo il costrutto [c*] potrebbe apparire in string2 solo durante la traduzione il costrutto ripetuto [c*] non dovrebbe apparire in string1 manca un «+» davanti all'argomento %s;
quando si usa un'opzione per specificare una o più date, qualsiasi argomento
che non sia un'opzione deve essere una stringa di formato che inizia con «+» il delimitatore deve essere un singolo carattere le opzioni per gli stili dell'output "verbose" e "stty-readable" sono mutualmente esclusive le opzioni per stampare il database interno di dircolors e per selezionare
una sintassi di shell sono mutualmente esclusive le opzioni per stampare e impostare l'orario non possono essere usate insieme le opzioni per specificare la stampa di date sono mutualmente esclusive le stringhe confrontate erano %s e %s l'opzione strip non può essere usata per installare una directory la stringa non trasformata era %s l'orario %s è fuori dal limite per usare l'id utente %s bisogna usare anche -g poche X nel modello %s troppe specifiche di conversione %% nel suffisso troppi caratteri nell'insieme troppe righe ripetute troppi modelli totale traversamento non riuscito: %s oggetto di memoria tipizzato uid=%lu impossibile mostrare il messaggio di errore impossibile registrare l'attuale directory di lavoro impossibile impostare il contesto di sicurezza %s fallimento non atteso: fts_info=%d: %s
segnalare a %s operatore binario sconosciuto stato sconosciuto dal comando (0x%X) flusso sconosciuto id utente sconosciuto: %s valore non interpretabile nella variabile di ambiente LS_COLORS operando %s non riconosciuto prefisso non riconosciuto: %s attivo %ld giorno %2d:%02d, attivo %ld giorni %2d:%02d, attivo ???? giorni ??:??, usare --no-preserve-root per scavalcare questa protezione l'utente %s non esiste usare %s per indicare che lo standard input non lavora in modalità file system è in uso l'aritmetica con precisione arbitraria viene usata la shell ristretta %s è in uso l'aritmetica con precisione singola attesa di %s [-d] in attesa dello strip attenzione: %s: i caratteri che seguono la costante carattere sono stati ignorati attenzione: %s: cambio del contesto in %s non riuscito attenzione: --pid=PID non è supportato su questo sistema attenzione: --retry è utile principalmente se seguito da un nome attenzione: PID ignorato; --pid=PID è utile solo seguendo attenzione: «touch %s» è obsoleto; usare «touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d» attenzione: un "\" (backslash) non protetto a fine stringa non è portabile attenzione: backslash alla fine del formato attenzione: impossibile cambiare la directory in %s impossibile rimuovere %s attenzione: seguire lo standard input in modo indefinito non è efficace attenzione: gli argomenti in eccesso sono stati ignorati, a partire da %s attenzione: offset di file non valido dopo una lettura non riuscita attenzione: larghezza %lu non valida; usare invece %d attenzione: il numero di riga %s è lo stesso del precedente attenzione: il file di origine %s è stato specificato più di una volta attenzione: riassumere è in conflitto con --max-depth=%lu attenzione: riassumere è lo stesso che usare --max-depth=0 attenzione: l'opzione --%s è obsoleta; usare --reference attenzione: il codice ottale ambiguo \%c%c%c sarà
interpretato come sequenza di due byte \0%c%c, %c attenzione: sequenza di escape «\%c» non riconosciuta attenzione: si sta aggirando il bug del kernel di lseek per il file (%s)
di mt_type=0x%0lx -- consultare per l'elenco dei tipi file strano se set1 non viene troncato, string2 non deve essere vuota quando i nomi dei file sono letti dallo stdin, un nome come %s non è permesso quando si specifica uno stile dell'output, non si possono impostare i modi durante la traduzione con classi di caratteri complementati,
string2 deve mappare tutti i caratteri nel dominio a uno durante la traduzione, le uniche classi di caratteri che possono apparire in
string2 sono "upper" e "lower" non sarà copiato %s attraverso il collegamento simbolico %s appena creato impossibile creare il collegamento fisico %s alla directory %s %s appena creato non sarà sovrascritto da %s con --parents, la destinazione deve essere una directory con --suffix, il modello %s deve terminare con X errore di scrittura errore di scrittura per %s write non riuscita scrittura di %s scrittura di %s deve essere specificato -c, -t, -u, -l, -r, o il contesto è necessario specificare una elenco di byte, caratteri o campi è necessario specificare uno tra %s o %s PRIuMAX PRIdMAX %+% records in
%+% records out
% truncated record
% truncated records
% byte (%s) copied % bytes (%s) copied offset too large: cannot truncate to a length of seek=% (%lu-byte) blocks failed to truncate to % bytes in output file %s failed to allocate a % byte stdio buffer
%s: %: improperly formatted %s checksum line WARNING: % of % listed file could not be read WARNING: % of % listed files could not be read WARNING: % of % computed checksum did NOT match WARNING: % of % computed checksums did NOT match starting page number % exceeds page count % Page % overflow in % * % byte blocks for file %s truncating %s at % bytes %+% record dentro
%+% record fuori
% record troncato
% record troncati
% byte (%s) copiato % byte (%s) copiati offset troppo grande: impossibile interrompere a una lunghezza di seek=% (%lu-byte) blocchi interruzione a % byte nel file di output %s non riuscita allocazione di un buffer di stdio di % byte non riuscita
%s: %: riga del codice di controllo %s non formattata correttamente ATTENZIONE: % di % file elencato non può essere letto ATTENZIONE: % di % file elencati non possono essere letti ATTENZIONE: % di % codice di controllo calcolato NON corrisponde ATTENZIONE: % di % codici di controllo calcolati NON corrispondono il numero della pagina iniziale % supera il numero di pagine % Pagina % overflow in % * % blocchi di byte per il file %s interruzione di %s a % byte usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo 0000666 00000671160 15100217155 0014455 0 ustar 00 0 P; DO LO pO Q Q R IS G S Jf \ f R f 9g g h i i j 3 k | l Sm 0 1n A bn n oo Wp q q r Js u 9 !v t [v w F x z z { y | 5 &} H \~ 7 ~ ~ F , u \ ݄ ] Ά 5 ) ۈ I $ n F 9 Ώ h i
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l 1 l / m 7 am ( m
` m
d pn n n n " (o * zo x
p U gp Y P Cq W F r 5 / fr
( EXPRESSION ) EXPRESSION is true
! EXPRESSION EXPRESSION is false
EXPRESSION1 -a EXPRESSION2 both EXPRESSION1 and EXPRESSION2 are true
EXPRESSION1 -o EXPRESSION2 either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true
-a, --all same as -b -d --login -p -r -t -T -u
-b, --boot time of last system boot
-d, --dead print dead processes
-H, --heading print line of column headings
-b FILE FILE exists and is block special
-c FILE FILE exists and is character special
-d FILE FILE exists and is a directory
-e FILE FILE exists
-l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-n STRING the length of STRING is nonzero
STRING equivalent to -n STRING
-z STRING the length of STRING is zero
STRING1 = STRING2 the strings are equal
STRING1 != STRING2 the strings are not equal
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
FILE1 -ef FILE2 FILE1 and FILE2 have the same device and inode numbers
FILE1 -nt FILE2 FILE1 is newer (modification date) than FILE2
FILE1 -ot FILE2 FILE1 is older than FILE2
INTEGER copy up to but not including specified line number
/REGEXP/[OFFSET] copy up to but not including a matching line
%REGEXP%[OFFSET] skip to, but not including a matching line
{INTEGER} repeat the previous pattern specified number of times
{*} repeat the previous pattern as many times as possible
A line OFFSET is a required `+' or `-' followed by a positive integer.
INTEGER1 -eq INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ge INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -gt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is greater than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -le INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than or equal to INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -lt INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is less than INTEGER2
INTEGER1 -ne INTEGER2 INTEGER1 is not equal to INTEGER2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING length of STRING
b create a block (buffered) special file
c, u create a character (unbuffered) special file
p create a FIFO
# users=%lu
A lightweight `finger' program; print user information.
The utmp file will be %s.
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.
An omitted EXPRESSION defaults to false. Otherwise,
EXPRESSION is true or false and sets exit status. It is one of:
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,
regular file.
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical.
Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if
\( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.
Both MAJOR and MINOR must be specified when TYPE is b, c, or u, and they
must be omitted when TYPE is p. If MAJOR or MINOR begins with 0x or 0X,
it is interpreted as hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with 0, as octal;
otherwise, as decimal. TYPE may be:
By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the --recursive (-r or -R)
option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents.
By default, selects -v1 -i1 -l1 -sTAB -w6 -nrn -hn -bt -fn. CC are
two delimiter characters for separating logical pages, a missing
second character implies :. Type \\ for \. STYLE is one of:
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak same as icanon
Control settings:
[-]clocal disable modem control signals
[-]cread allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
Each FLAG symbol may be:
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)
Each MODE is of the form `[ugoa]*([-+=]([rwxXst]*|[ugo]))+'.
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "sort".
%s include/stdio.h .h Output "stdio".
Examples:
%s /usr/bin/sort Output "/usr/bin".
%s stdio.h Output ".".
Examples:
%s f - g Output f's contents, then standard input, then g's contents.
%s Copy standard input to standard output.
Examples:
%s root /u Change the owner of /u to "root".
%s root:staff /u Likewise, but also change its group to "staff".
%s -hR root /u Change the owner of /u and subfiles to "root".
Examples:
%s staff /u Change the group of /u to "staff".
%s -hR staff /u Change the group of /u and subfiles to "staff".
Except for -h and -L, all FILE-related tests dereference symbolic links.
Beware that parentheses need to be escaped (e.g., by backslashes) for shells.
INTEGER may also be -l STRING, which evaluates to the length of STRING.
Exit status is 0 if EXPRESSION is neither null nor 0, 1 if EXPRESSION is null
or 0, 2 if EXPRESSION is syntactically invalid, and 3 if an error occurred.
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments,
prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane. In
settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or
127; special values ^- or undef used to disable special characters.
If FILE is -, shred standard output.
Delete FILE(s) if --remove (-u) is specified. The default is not to remove
the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda,
and those files usually should not be removed. When operating on regular
files, most people use the --remove option.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
If ARG1 ARG2 given, -m presumed: `am i' or `mom likes' are usual.
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which
file types and extensions. Otherwise, a precompiled database is used.
For details on the format of these files, run `dircolors --print-database'.
If a FILE is -, copy again to standard output.
If no command is given, run ``${SHELL} -i'' (default: /bin/sh).
Input settings:
[-]brkint breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk ignore break characters
[-]igncr ignore carriage return
Local settings:
[-]crterase echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of %s, which usually supersedes
the version described here. Please refer to your shell's documentation
for details about the options it supports.
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX
settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available.
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
Owner is unchanged if missing. Group is unchanged if missing, but changed
to login group if implied by a `:' following a symbolic OWNER.
OWNER and GROUP may be numeric as well as symbolic.
POS is F[.C][OPTS], where F is the field number and C the character position
in the field; both are origin 1. If neither -t nor -b is in effect, characters
in a field are counted from the beginning of the preceding whitespace. OPTS is
one or more single-letter ordering options, which override global ordering
options for that key. If no key is given, use the entire line as the key.
SIZE may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output. A blank line below
separates increasing precedence groups. EXPRESSION may be:
ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
Read standard input if FILE is -. Each PATTERN may be:
SETs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves.
Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for
sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D
for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
18335302+0 records in
18335302+0 records out
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s
Options are:
Special characters:
* dsusp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal once input flushed
eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR CHAR will end the line
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
The sums are computed as described in %s. When checking, the input
should be a former output of this program. The default mode is to print
a line with checksum, a character indicating type (`*' for binary, ` ' for
text), and name for each FILE.
To remove a file whose name starts with a `-', for example `-foo',
use one of these commands:
%s -- -foo
%s ./-foo
Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
-a same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c same as -t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
With no FILE or if FILE is -, read Standard Input. `-F /' by default.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
Without any OPTION, print some useful set of identified information.
Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default,
of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument,
concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-d, -F, --directory allow the superuser to attempt to hard link
directories (note: will probably fail due to
system restrictions, even for the superuser)
-f, --force remove existing destination files
--help display this help and exit
--lookup attempt to canonicalize hostnames via DNS
-m only hostname and user associated with stdin
-p, --process print active processes spawned by init
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially
--preserve-root do not remove `/' (default)
-r, -R, --recursive remove directories and their contents recursively
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve-root do not treat `/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root fail to operate recursively on `/'
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY
--one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any
directory that is on a file system different from
that of the corresponding command line argument
--strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE
argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
--version output version information and exit
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
[-]cstopb use two stop bits per character (one with `-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl same as [-]hup
[-]parenb generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd set odd parity (even with `-')
[-]ignpar ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck enable input parity checking
[-]istrip clear high (8th) bit of input characters
[-]isig enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase with icanon, escape with `\' for uppercase characters
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig
icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177
kill ^u
* [-]decctlq same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
ispeed N set the input speed to N
* line N use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N set the output speed to N
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip
-inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -iuclc -ixany
-imaxbel -opost -isig -icanon -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed
%A locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
%F full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%S second (00..60)
%t a tab
%T time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID of owner
%G Group name of owner
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o I/O block size
%s Total size, in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%h same as %b
%H hour (00..23)
%I hour (01..12)
%j day of year (001..366)
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfers)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form
%k hour ( 0..23)
%l hour ( 1..12)
%m month (01..12)
%M minute (00..59)
%n a newline
%N nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P like %p, but lower case
%r locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R 24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%u User ID of owner
%U User name of owner
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
%x locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y year
+ TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if it is a
keyword like `match' or an operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION
-A, --address-radix=RADIX decide how file offsets are printed
-j, --skip-bytes=BYTES skip BYTES input bytes first
-A, --auto-reference output automatically generated references
-G, --traditional behave more like System V `ptx'
-F, --flag-truncation=STRING use STRING for flagging line truncations
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last,
then copy SOURCE to DEST
-g, --group=GROUP set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER set ownership (super-user only)
-D, --date-format=FORMAT
use FORMAT for the header date
-e[CHAR[WIDTH]], --expand-tabs[=CHAR[WIDTH]]
expand input CHARs (TABs) to tab WIDTH (8)
-F, -f, --form-feed
use form feeds instead of newlines to separate pages
(by a 3-line page header with -F or a 5-line header
and trailer without -F)
-I prompt once before removing more than three files, or
when removing recursively. Less intrusive than -i,
while still giving protection against most mistakes
--interactive[=WHEN] prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or
always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always
-L FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -h)
-O FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective user ID
-p FILE FILE exists and is a named pipe
-r FILE FILE exists and read permission is granted
-s FILE FILE exists and has a size greater than zero
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-S, --separate-dirs do not include size of subdirectories
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-M, --macro-name=STRING macro name to use instead of `xx'
-O, --format=roff generate output as roff directives
-R, --right-side-refs put references at right, not counted in -w
-S, --sentence-regexp=REGEXP for end of lines or end of sentences
-T, --format=tex generate output as TeX directives
-N, --read-bytes=BYTES limit dump to BYTES input bytes
-S, --strings[=BYTES] output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
-t, --format=TYPE select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width[=BYTES] output BYTES bytes per output line
--traditional accept arguments in traditional form
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
-S sort by file size
--sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
--time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
or status -c; use specified time as sort key
if --sort=time
-S FILE FILE exists and is a socket
-t FD file descriptor FD is opened on a terminal
-u FILE FILE exists and its set-user-ID bit is set
-w FILE FILE exists and write permission is granted
-x FILE FILE exists and execute (or search) permission is granted
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY specify the DIRECTORY in which to create
the links
-T, --no-target-directory treat LINK_NAME as a normal file
-v, --verbose print name of each linked file
-T, -w, --mesg add user's message status as +, - or ?
-u, --users list users logged in
--message same as -T
--writable same as -T
-W, --word-regexp=REGEXP use REGEXP to match each keyword
-b, --break-file=FILE word break characters in this FILE
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case for sorting
-g, --gap-size=NUMBER gap size in columns between output fields
-i, --ignore-file=FILE read ignore word list from FILE
-o, --only-file=FILE read only word list from this FILE
-a, --across print columns across rather than down, used together
with -COLUMN
-c, --show-control-chars
use hat notation (^G) and octal backslash notation
-d, --double-space
double space the output
-a, --all convert all blanks, instead of just initial blanks
--first-only convert only leading sequences of blanks (overrides -a)
-t, --tabs=N have tabs N characters apart instead of 8 (enables -a)
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated LIST of tab positions (enables -a)
-a, --suffix-length=N use suffixes of length N (default %d)
-b, --bytes=SIZE put SIZE bytes per output file
-C, --line-bytes=SIZE put at most SIZE bytes of lines per output file
-d, --numeric-suffixes use numeric suffixes instead of alphabetic
-l, --lines=NUMBER put NUMBER lines per output file
-b, --before attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline
-b, --binary read in binary mode
-b, --binary read in binary mode (default unless reading tty stdin)
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC use CC for separating logical pages
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-b, --bytes count bytes rather than columns
-s, --spaces break at spaces
-w, --width=WIDTH use WIDTH columns instead of 80
-b, --bytes=LIST select only these bytes
-c, --characters=LIST select only these characters
-d, --delimiter=DELIM use DELIM instead of TAB for field delimiter
-b, --ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks
-d, --dictionary-order consider only blanks and alphanumeric characters
-f, --ignore-case fold lower case to upper case characters
-c, --check read %s sums from the FILEs and check them
-c, --count prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d, --repeated only print duplicate lines
-c, --crown-margin preserve indentation of first two lines
-p, --prefix=STRING reformat only lines beginning with STRING,
reattaching the prefix to reformatted lines
-s, --split-only split long lines, but do not refill
-d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs
-s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
--file-type likewise, except do not append `*'
--format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time
in short format
-f same as -t fF, select floats
-i same as -t dI, select decimal ints
-l same as -t dL, select decimal longs
-o same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
-s same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
-x same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
-f FILE FILE exists and is a regular file
-g FILE FILE exists and is set-group-ID
-G FILE FILE exists and is owned by the effective group ID
-h FILE FILE exists and is a symbolic link (same as -L)
-k FILE FILE exists and has its sticky bit set
-f, --fields=LIST select only these fields; also print any line
that contains no delimiter character, unless
the -s option is specified
-n (ignored)
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
-f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are
equivalent
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values
-R, --recursive change files and directories recursively
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's group rather than specifying a
GROUP value
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-f, --silent, --quiet suppress most error messages
--reference=RFILE use RFILE's owner and group rather than
specifying OWNER:GROUP values
-R, --recursive operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed
-g like -l, but do not list owner
-h, --no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced
file (useful only on systems that can change the
ownership of a symlink)
-i, --ignore-case ignore differences in case when comparing fields
-j FIELD equivalent to `-1 FIELD -2 FIELD'
-o FORMAT obey FORMAT while constructing output line
-t CHAR use CHAR as input and output field separator
-i, --initial do not convert tabs after non blanks
-t, --tabs=NUMBER have tabs NUMBER characters apart, not 8
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic
link, show information for the file the link
references rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-l, --login print system login processes
-n, --digits=DIGITS use specified number of digits instead of 2
-s, --quiet, --silent do not print counts of output file sizes
-z, --elide-empty-files remove empty output files
-n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
characters specially)
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, --count all login names and number of users logged on
-r, --runlevel print current runlevel
-s, --short print only name, line, and time (default)
-t, --time print last system clock change
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of non graphic characters
--show-control-chars show non graphic characters as-is (default
unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names
-v, --verbose always print headers giving file names
-r, --reference=FILE use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD change the specified time:
WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a
WORD is modify or mtime: equivalent to -m
-r, --references first field of each line is a reference
-t, --typeset-mode - not implemented -
-w, --width=NUMBER output width in columns, reference excluded
-s, --only-delimited do not print lines not containing delimiters
--output-delimiter=STRING use STRING as the output delimiter
the default is to use the input delimiter
-s, --signal=SIGNAL, -SIGNAL
specify the name or number of the signal to be sent
-l, --list list signal names, or convert signal names to/from numbers
-t, --table print a table of signal information
-s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
-t, --field-separator=SEP use SEP instead of non-blank to blank transition
-T, --temporary-directory=DIR use DIR for temporaries, not $TMPDIR or %s;
multiple options specify multiple directories
-u, --unique with -c, check for strict ordering;
without -c, output only the first of an equal run
-t, --tabs=LIST use comma separated list of explicit tab positions
-t, --tagged-paragraph indentation of first line different from second
-u, --uniform-spacing one space between words, two after sentences
-w, --width=WIDTH maximum line width (default of 75 columns)
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file
-u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-t, --text read in text mode (default if reading tty stdin)
-t, --text read in text mode (default)
-u, --remove truncate and remove file after overwriting
-v, --verbose show progress
-x, --exact do not round file sizes up to the next full block;
this is the default for non-regular files
-z, --zero add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding
-u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
than the destination file or when the
destination file is missing
-v, --verbose explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system stay on this file system
-v, --kernel-version print the kernel version
-m, --machine print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor print the processor type or "unknown"
-i, --hardware-platform print the hardware platform or "unknown"
-o, --operating-system print the operating system
-w, --check-chars=N compare no more than N characters in lines
-z, --zero-terminated end lines with 0 byte, not newline
[:graph:] all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:] all lower case letters
[:print:] all printable characters, including space
[:punct:] all punctuation characters
[:space:] all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:] all upper case letters
[:xdigit:] all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=] all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2 all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*] in SET2, copies of CHAR until length of SET1
[CHAR*REPEAT] REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:] all letters and digits
[:alpha:] all letters
[:blank:] all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:] all control characters
[:digit:] all digits
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
lcase change upper case to lower case
binary use binary I/O for data
d[SIZE] signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE] floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE] octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE] unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE] hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
direct use direct I/O for data
dsync use synchronized I/O for data
noatime do not update access time
noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
nofollow do not follow symlinks
nolinks fail if multiply-linked
nonblock use non-blocking I/O
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t make numbered backups
existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never always make simple backups
sync likewise, but also for metadata
text use text I/O for data
%4s-blocks Used Available Use%% %s-blocks Used Available Capacity (backup: %s) * [-]ctlecho echo control characters in hat notation (`^c')
[-]echo echo input characters
* [-]echoctl same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe same as [-]crterase
[-]echok echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt echo erased characters backward, between `\' and '/'
[-]icanon enable erase, kill, werase, and rprnt special characters
[-]iexten enable non-POSIX special characters
* [-]iuclc translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem same as [-]ixoff
* [-]iutf8 assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]ocrnl translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel use delete characters for fill instead of null characters
* [-]ofill use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
* eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
* rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Mounted on
TTY groups= old on repetition %s
% 1% of memory, b 1, K 1024 (default), and so on for M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
*** WARNING ***
The locale specified by the environment affects sort order.
Set LC_ALL=C to get the traditional sort order that uses
native byte values.
%.*s: invalid conversion specification %b %e %Y %b %e %H:%M %lu user %lu users %s %s (for regexp %s) %s -> %s (unbackup)
%s and %s are the same file %s exists but is not a directory %s has appeared; following end of new file %s has become accessible %s has become inaccessible %s has been replaced with an untailable file; giving up on this name %s has been replaced; following end of new file %s has unknown file type %s is not a valid positive integer %s is too large %s: %s is so large that it is not representable %s: %s: line number out of range %s: %s: match not found %s: %s:%s: disorder: %s: FAILED open or read
%s: No such user %s: `}' is required in repeat count %s: binary operator expected %s: can make relative symbolic links only in current directory %s: cannot change nonblocking mode %s: cannot find name for user ID %lu
%s: cannot follow end of this type of file; giving up on this name %s: cannot lseek back to original position %s: cannot overwrite directory %s: cannot rewind %s: cannot seek %s: cannot seek to end-relative offset %s %s: cannot seek to offset %s %s: cannot seek to relative offset %s %s: cannot shred append-only file descriptor %s: closing delimiter `%c' missing %s: couldn't reset non-blocking mode %s: descend into directory %s? %s: descend into write-protected directory %s? %s: end of file %s: equivalence class operand must be a single character %s: error truncating %s: error writing at offset %s %s: expected a numeric value %s: failed to close %s: failed to open for writing %s: failed to remove %s: fcntl failed %s: fdatasync failed %s: file has negative size %s: file has shrunk too much %s: file too large %s: file too long %s: file truncated %s: fstat failed %s: fsync failed %s: hard link not allowed for directory %s: input contains a loop: %s: input contains an odd number of tokens %s: input file is output file %s: integer expected after delimiter %s: invalid PID %s: invalid count at start of %s %s: invalid directive %s: invalid field specification %s %s: invalid file size %s: invalid file type %s: invalid maximum number of unchanged stats between opens %s: invalid number %s: invalid number of bytes %s: invalid number of lines %s: invalid number of passes %s: invalid number of seconds %s: invalid pattern %s: invalid process id %s: invalid regular expression: %s %s: invalid signal %s: invalid suffix length %s: line number must be greater than zero %s: line number out of range %s: lseek failed %s: multiple signals specified %s: new permissions are %s, not %s %s: no properly formatted %s checksum lines found %s: no size information for this device %s: not listing already-listed directory %s: number of bytes is too large %s: overwrite %s? %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)... %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s %s: pass %lu/%lu (%s)...%s/%s %d%% %s: read error %s: remove %s %s? %s: remove all arguments recursively? %s: remove all arguments? %s: remove write-protected %s %s? %s: removed %s: removing %s: renamed to %s %s: replace %s? %s: seek failed %s: too many checksum lines %s: unable to determine maximum file name length %s: unable to perform all requested operations %s: unary operator expected %s: value not completely converted %s: write error %s:%lu: invalid line; missing second token %s:%lu: unrecognized keyword %s %s}: integer required between `{' and `}' ' ')' expected ')' expected, found %s (C) * log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with
AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
* file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes
fail, such as RAID-based file systems
* file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
, load average: %.2f , %g s, %s/s
-R --dereference requires either -H or -L -R -h requires -P -ef does not accept -l -nt does not accept -l -ot does not accept -l ???
Address family for hostname not supported All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.
All requests done Bad value for ai_flags CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption:
that the file system overwrites data in place. This is the traditional
way to do things, but many modern file system designs do not satisfy this
assumption. The following are examples of file systems on which shred is
not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:
COMMENT Call the link function to create a link named FILE2 to an existing FILE1.
Call the unlink function to remove the specified FILE.
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command=COMMAND pass a single COMMAND to the shell with -c
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-m, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-p same as -m
-s, --shell=SHELL run SHELL if /etc/shells allows it
Change the group of each FILE to GROUP.
With --reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Change the mode of each FILE to MODE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
With --reference, change the owner and group of each FILE to those of RFILE.
-c, --changes like verbose but report only when a change is made
--dereference affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is
the default), rather than the symbolic link itself
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
Convert blanks in each FILE to tabs, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Convert tabs in each FILE to spaces, writing to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
-a, --append append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i, --ignore-interrupts ignore interrupt signals
Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.
Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.
Directory: Display file or file system status.
-L, --dereference follow links
-f, --file-system display file system status instead of file status
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.
-d, --date=STRING display time described by STRING, not `now'
-f, --file=DATEFILE like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
EXIT Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
Exit with a status code indicating failure. Exit with a status code indicating success. Exit with the status determined by EXPRESSION.
F. Pinard FAILED Fifos do not have major and minor device numbers. Filesystem Filesystem Type For each pair of input lines with identical join fields, write a line to
standard output. The default join field is the first, delimited
by whitespace. When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
-a FILENUM print unpairable lines coming from file FILENUM, where
FILENUM is 1 or 2, corresponding to FILE1 or FILE2
-e EMPTY replace missing input fields with EMPTY
Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.
IDLE Idle In real life: Infinity B Interrupted by a signal Invalid back reference Invalid character class name Invalid collation character Invalid content of \{\} Invalid preceding regular expression Invalid range end Invalid regular expression LINE List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.
Login Login name: Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Memory allocation failure Memory exhausted NAME Name Name or service not known No address associated with hostname No match No previous regular expression Non-recoverable failure in name resolution OK Only one string may be given when deleting without squeezing repeats. Ordering options:
Output a permuted index, including context, of the words in the input files.
Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database output defaults
Output fixed-size pieces of INPUT to PREFIXaa, PREFIXab, ...; default
size is 1000 lines, and default PREFIX is `x'. With no INPUT, or when INPUT
is -, read standard input.
Output pieces of FILE separated by PATTERN(s) to files `xx00', `xx01', ...,
and output byte counts of each piece to standard output.
Output who is currently logged in according to FILE.
If FILE is not specified, use %s. %s as FILE is common.
Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.
PID Paginate or columnate FILE(s) for printing.
Parameter string not correctly encoded Password: Plan:
Premature end of regular expression Print CRC checksum and byte counts of each FILE.
Print NAME with any leading directory components removed.
If specified, also remove a trailing SUFFIX.
Print NAME with its trailing /component removed; if NAME contains no /'s,
output `.' (meaning the current directory).
Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all print all information, in the following order,
except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name print the kernel name
-n, --nodename print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release print the kernel release
Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
-f, --format=FORMAT use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
Print or change terminal characteristics.
-a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
Print selected parts of lines from each FILE to standard output.
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
-s, --silent, --quiet print nothing, only return an exit status
Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the full filename of the current working directory.
Print the last %d lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Print the name of the current user.
Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID.
Same as id -un.
Processing request in progress Project: Regular expression too big Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-f, --force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt
-i prompt before every removal
Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or `y'.
Request canceled Request not canceled Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling.
With no COMMAND, print the current niceness. Nicenesses range from
%d (most favorable scheduling) to %d (least favorable).
-n, --adjustment=N add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
Run COMMAND, ignoring hangup signals.
Send signals to processes, or list signals.
Servname not supported for ai_socktype Set LC_ALL='C' to work around the problem. Shell: Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Special files require major and minor device numbers. Success Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
System error TIME Temporary failure in name resolution The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R
option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final
one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link
to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory
encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
The strings compared were %s and %s. Trailing backslash Try `%s --help' for more information.
Try `%s ./%s' to remove the file %s.
Two strings must be given when translating. Unknown error Unknown system error Unmatched ( or \( Unmatched ) or \) Unmatched [ or [^ Unmatched \{ Usage: %s COMMAND [ARG]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s EXPRESSION
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FILE1 FILE2
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NAME [SUFFIX]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
or: %s OPTION
Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be `s' for seconds (the default),
`m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days. Unlike most implementations
that require NUMBER be an integer, here NUMBER may be an arbitrary floating
point number. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time
specified by the sum of their values.
Usage: %s [-s SIGNAL | -SIGNAL] PID...
or: %s -l [SIGNAL]...
or: %s -t [SIGNAL]...
Usage: %s [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [NAME]
or: %s OPTION
Print or set the hostname of the current system.
Usage: %s [NUMBER]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [OPTION]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION] [FILE]
Write totally ordered list consistent with the partial ordering in FILE.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Usage: %s [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE PATTERN...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
or: %s [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST
Usage: %s [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [ FILE | ARG1 ARG2 ]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
or: %s [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
or: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
or: %s [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-T] TARGET LINK_NAME (1st form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET (2nd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... TARGET... DIRECTORY (3rd form)
or: %s [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY TARGET... (4th form)
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [-] [USER [ARG]...]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]
or: %s -e [OPTION]... [ARG]...
or: %s -i LO-HI [OPTION]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
or: %s --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: %s [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [INPUT]... (without -G)
or: %s -G [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...
or: %s [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE...
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USERNAME]
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [USER]...
Usage: %s [STRING]...
or: %s OPTION
Usage: %s [ignored command line arguments]
or: %s OPTION
Usage: test EXPRESSION
or: test
or: [ EXPRESSION ]
or: [ ]
or: [ OPTION
Valid arguments are: WARNING: Circular directory structure.
This almost certainly means that you have a corrupted file system.
NOTIFY YOUR SYSTEM MANAGER.
The following directory is part of the cycle:
%s
Warning: When Where Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to
standard output.
Write a random permutation of the input lines to standard output.
Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.
Written by %s and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and others.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
%s, and %s.
Written by %s, %s, %s,
and %s.
Written by %s, %s, and %s.
Written by %s.
[=c=] expressions may not appear in string2 when translating ^[nN] ^[yY] ` `-%c' extra characters or invalid number in the argument: %s `--pages=FIRST_PAGE[:LAST_PAGE]' missing argument `-N NUMBER' invalid starting line number: %s `-W PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s `-l PAGE_LENGTH' invalid number of lines: %s `-o MARGIN' invalid line offset: %s `-w PAGE_WIDTH' invalid number of characters: %s a command must be given with an adjustment accessing %s ai_family not supported ai_socktype not supported ambiguous argument %s for %s an input delimiter may be specified only when operating on fields backing up %s would destroy source; %s not copied backing up %s would destroy source; %s not moved backup type block special file block special files not supported both files cannot be standard input byte offset %s is too large cannot access %s cannot backup %s cannot both summarize and show all entries cannot change ownership of %s cannot change permissions of %s cannot change root directory to %s cannot change to directory %s cannot chdir to root directory cannot combine -e and -i options cannot combine any two of {ascii,ebcdic,ibm} cannot combine block and unblock cannot combine excl and nocreat cannot combine lcase and ucase cannot combine mode and --reference options cannot combine signal with -l or -t cannot compare file names %s and %s cannot convert U+%04X to local character set cannot convert U+%04X to local character set: %s cannot copy a directory, %s, into itself, %s cannot copy cyclic symbolic link %s cannot create directory %s cannot create fifo %s cannot create hard link %s to %s cannot create link %s cannot create link %s to %s cannot create regular file %s cannot create special file %s cannot create symbolic link %s cannot create symbolic link %s to %s cannot dereference %s cannot determine device and inode of %s cannot determine hostname cannot do ioctl on %s cannot find name for group ID %lu cannot find name for user ID %lu cannot follow %s by name cannot fstat %s cannot get current directory cannot get niceness cannot get system name cannot lseek %s cannot make both hard and symbolic links cannot make directory %s cannot move %s to %s cannot move %s to a subdirectory of itself, %s cannot move directory onto non-directory: %s -> %s cannot open %s for reading cannot open %s for writing cannot open directory %s cannot overwrite directory %s with non-directory cannot overwrite non-directory %s with directory %s cannot print only names or real IDs in default format cannot read directory %s cannot read file names from %s cannot read file system information for %s cannot read realtime clock cannot read symbolic link %s cannot remove %s cannot reposition file pointer for %s cannot set date cannot set group id cannot set group-ID to %lu cannot set groups cannot set hostname; this system lacks the functionality cannot set name to %s cannot set niceness cannot set time stamps for %s cannot set user id cannot set user-ID to %lu cannot skip past end of combined input cannot specify times from more than one source cannot split in more than one way cannot stat %s cannot stat current directory (now %s) cannot touch %s cannot un-backup %s cannot unlink %s cannot work around kernel bug after all changed group of %s to %s
changed ownership of %s to %s
changing group of %s changing ownership of %s changing permissions of %s character offset is zero character out of range character special file character special files not supported clock change close failed closing %s closing %s (fd=%d) closing directory %s closing input file %s closing output file %s closing standard input conflicting empty-field replacement strings couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node couldn't get boot time created directory %s creating directory %s creating file %s
creating hard link %s creating hard link %s => %s creating hard link to %.0s%s creating symbolic link %s creating symbolic link %s -> %s directory division by zero empty file name empty tab error in regular expression matcher error in regular expression search error reading %s error writing %s exit= extra argument %s extra operand %s extra operand %s
failed to change group of %s to %s
failed to change mode of %s to %04lo (%s)
failed to change ownership of %s
failed to change ownership of %s to %s
failed to chdir to %s failed to get attributes of %s failed to lookup file %s failed to open %s failed to preserve authorship for %s failed to preserve ownership for %s failed to preserve permissions for %s failed to preserve times for %s failed to redirect standard error failed to return to initial working directory failed to set the copy of stderr to close on exec failed to stat %s fdatasync failed for %s fflush failed field number %s is too large field number is zero fifo file system type %s both selected and excluded fork system call failed format string may not be specified when printing equal width strings fsync failed for %s fts_read failed getpass: cannot open /dev/tty getting new attributes of %s group of %s retained as %s
iconv function not available iconv function not usable id= ignoring all arguments ignoring input ignoring input and appending output to %s ignoring input and redirecting stderr to stdout ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s ignoring non-option arguments incompatible join fields %lu, %lu incompatible tabs incorrect password input disappeared input line is too long inter-device move failed: %s to %s; unable to remove target invalid adjustment %s invalid argument %s invalid argument %s for %s invalid body numbering style: %s invalid byte or field list invalid character `%c' in type string %s invalid character class %s invalid conversion specifier in suffix: %c invalid conversion specifier in suffix: \%.3o invalid date %s invalid date format %s invalid device %s %s invalid device type %s invalid field number: %s invalid field specifier: %s invalid field width: %s invalid file number in field spec: %s invalid floating point argument: %s invalid footer numbering style: %s invalid format precision invalid format width invalid gap width: %s invalid group invalid group %s invalid header numbering style: %s invalid input invalid input range %s invalid integer %s invalid integer argument %s invalid line count %s invalid line discipline %s invalid line number field width: %s invalid line number increment: %s invalid line numbering format: %s invalid line width: %s invalid major device number %s invalid maximum depth %s invalid minor device number %s invalid mode invalid mode %s invalid mode: %s invalid number %s invalid number after `,' invalid number after `-' invalid number after `.' invalid number at field start invalid number of blank lines: %s invalid number of bytes invalid number of bytes to compare invalid number of bytes to skip invalid number of columns: %s invalid number of fields to skip invalid number of lines invalid number of lines: 0 invalid option -- %c invalid option -- %c; -WIDTH is recognized only when it is the first
option; use -w N instead invalid output address radix `%c'; it must be one character from [doxn] invalid precision: %s invalid repeat count %s in [c*n] construct invalid spec invalid starting line number: %s invalid tab size: %s invalid time interval %s invalid time style format %s invalid trailing option -- %c invalid type string %s invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte floating point type invalid type string %s;
this system doesn't provide a %lu-byte integral type invalid universal character name \%c%0*x invalid user invalid user %s invalid width: %s invalid wrap size: %s invalid zero-length file name it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s it is dangerous to operate recursively on %s (same as %s) last= leading `-' in a component of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name %s limit %lu exceeded by length %lu of file name component %s line count option -%s%c... is too large line number %s is smaller than preceding line number, %s line number overflow memory exhausted message queue misaligned [:upper:] and/or [:lower:] construct missing %% conversion specification in suffix missing `]' missing argument after %s missing argument to %s missing character class name `[::]' missing conversion specifier in suffix missing destination file operand after %s missing equivalence class character `[==]' missing file operand missing hexadecimal number in escape missing list of fields missing list of positions missing operand missing operand after %s mode must specify only file permission bits mode of %s changed to %04lo (%s)
mode of %s retained as %04lo (%s)
multi-character tab %s multiple -i options specified multiple -l or -t options specified multiple output files specified multiple output formats specified multiple random sources specified multiple target directories specified neither symbolic link %s nor referent has been changed
no SHELL environment variable, and no shell type option given no change to ownership of %s
no file systems processed no files remaining no login name no process ID specified no type may be specified when dumping strings no username specified; at least one must be specified when using -l nonportable character %s in file name %s not a tty number in %s is too large number of bytes number of lines offset overflow while reading file %s omitting directory %s only one [c*] repeat construct may appear in string2 only one device may be specified only one type of list may be specified open failed opening %s option used in invalid context -- %c options `-%s' are incompatible ownership of %s retained
ownership of %s retained as %s
page width too narrow preserving permissions for %s preserving times for %s printing all duplicated lines and repeat counts is meaningless range-endpoints of `%s-%s' are in reverse collating sequence order read error read failed reading %s reading directory %s record too large regular empty file regular file removed %s
removed directory: %s
removing directory, %s run-level semaphore separator cannot be empty setting flags for %s setting permissions for %s setting times of %s shared memory object skip-bytes + read-bytes is too large skipping %s, since it's on a different device skipping file %s, as it was replaced while being copied socket standard error standard input standard input is closed standard output stat failed stray character in field spec string comparison failed string transformation failed suppressing non-delimited lines makes sense
only when operating on fields symbolic link syntax error tab size cannot be 0 tab size contains invalid character(s): %s tab sizes must be ascending tab stop is too large %s tab stop value is too large tabs are too far apart target %s is not a directory target directory not allowed when installing a directory term= test and/or [ the --binary and --text options are meaningless when verifying checksums the --status option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the --warn option is meaningful only when verifying checksums the [c*] construct may appear in string2 only when translating the [c*] repeat construct may not appear in string1 the delimiter must be a single character the options for verbose and stty-readable output styles are
mutually exclusive the options to output dircolors' internal database and
to select a shell syntax are mutually exclusive the options to print and set the time may not be used together the options to specify dates for printing are mutually exclusive the strip option may not be used when installing a directory time %s is out of range too many %% conversion specifications in suffix too many characters in set too many repeated lines total typed memory object unable to record current working directory unknown binary operator unknown user-ID: %s unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable unrecognized operand %s unrecognized prefix: %s use --no-preserve-root to override this failsafe user %s does not exist using restricted shell %s warning: %s: character(s) following character constant have been ignored warning: --pid=PID is not supported on this system warning: --retry is useful mainly when following by name warning: PID ignored; --pid=PID is useful only when following warning: `touch %s' is obsolete; use `touch -t %04ld%02d%02d%02d%02d.%02d' warning: backslash at end of format warning: cannot change directory to %s warning: cannot remove: %s warning: following standard input indefinitely is ineffective warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with %s warning: invalid width %lu; using %d instead warning: line number %s is the same as preceding line number warning: source file %s specified more than once warning: summarizing conflicts with --max-depth=%lu warning: summarizing is the same as using --max-depth=0 warning: the ambiguous octal escape \%c%c%c is being
interpreted as the 2-byte sequence \0%c%c, %c warning: unrecognized escape `\%c' warning: working around lseek kernel bug for file (%s)
of mt_type=0x%0lx -- see for the list of types weird file when not truncating set1, string2 must be non-empty when reading file names from stdin, no file name of %s allowed when specifying an output style, modes may not be set when translating with complemented character classes,
string2 must map all characters in the domain to one when translating, the only character classes that may appear in
string2 are `upper' and `lower' will not create hard link %s to directory %s will not overwrite just-created %s with %s with --parents, the destination must be a directory write error write error for %s write failed writing %s writing to %s you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields Project-Id-Version: coreutils 6.5
Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
POT-Creation-Date: 2010-04-23 17:24+0200
PO-Revision-Date: 2006-11-23 22:41+0200
Last-Translator: Anton Zinoviev
Language-Team: Bulgarian